The most effective antibiotics for female inflammation. Treatment of inflammation of the female ovaries with antibacterial drugs

Amoxicillin in gynecology is used to treat certain diseases caused by bacteria.

What is Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug from the penicillin group. Active ingredient: amoxicillin trihydrate, disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall of bacterial cells.

The instructions say that the drug is able to destroy an aerobic gram-positive infection (staphylococci and streptococci); Gram-negative infection that causes gonorrhea. Release form - capsules and solutions for injections. How and why is Amoxicillin used in gynecology?

What diseases can cure Amoxicillin in gynecology

Amoxicillin indications in gynecology:

septic abortion;
adnexitis;
endometritis;
cystitis;
urethritis;
pyelonephritis;
gonorrhea.

As you can see, the list of indications for Amoxicillin in obstetrics is not so great. This is explained very simply. Most diseases of the genitourinary system are caused by gram-negative infection. But at the same time, many of the bacteria are able to produce penicillinase. That is, they are resistant to penicillin. In this case, Amoxicillin cannot destroy these bacteria. That is why Amoxicillin and other penicillin drugs are rarely used in gynecology.

Fluoroquinolones are the most common in gynecological practice. But their use during pregnancy, lactation, in childhood with inflammatory processes is absolutely contraindicated. In these, so-called protected analogues can be prescribed. For example, Amoxiclav. Thanks to clavulanic acid in the composition, the drug is able to destroy strains of bacteria that produce penicillinase.

Amoxicillin for chlamydia

Many reviews say that the drug is prescribed for the treatment of chlamydia. But there are subtleties here. The antibiotic Amoxicillin in gynecology is not always prescribed for the treatment of chlamydia, because the infection that causes this disease is resistant (resistance) to the antibacterial drugs of the penicillin group.

In medicine, cases of successful treatment at the initial stage are known. In the later stages of chlamydia, Amoxicillin is not prescribed.

When not used in gynecology Amoxicillin

Contraindications for use in gynecology:

Infectious mononucleosis;
lymphocytic leukemia;
pollinosis, bronchial asthma, dermatitis;
poor blood clotting;
serious violations of the liver, kidneys;
ulcerative lesions of the mucous organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
hypersensitivity to penicillin.

Amoxicillin during pregnancy and lactation

Antibacterial treatment is in principle undesirable during gestation and lactation. But, despite this, due to low immunity during pregnancy, bacteria can penetrate into the body of a woman and cause various pathologies, including gynecological ones. In this case, Amoxicillin may be prescribed.

In no case during pregnancy and lactation can not take the drug alone. Do not forget about contraindications and side effects.

During lactation, Amoxicillin should be taken for inflammation immediately after feeding. Already after 2.5 hours, the drug begins to be gradually excreted, its concentration in breast milk will be minimal. Therefore, there will be no danger for the child.

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Inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis) is often accompanied by inflammation of the uterus and its appendages (adnexitis). Almost every woman of reproductive age has encountered this gynecological disease. Treatment should be comprehensive and include antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy, as well as immune boosters and vitamins.

Immunostimulants for the treatment of ovarian inflammation

To increase general immunity, you can use Cycloferon, Anaferon, Immunal (available in the form of drops). These immunomodulators "turn on" the body's defenses, so it fights the infection itself.

Treatment with vitamins

Vitamins are prescribed both during the main course of treatment for ovarian inflammation in women, and the field after it is completed, as a preventive and maintenance therapy. If inflammation of the appendages and ovaries causes disruptions in the monthly cycle, then the doctor may, according to a certain scheme, prescribe the intake of vitamins C, E, B.

For women's health, the drug Magnesium B6 has a positive effect.

All of these vitamins are available in the form of tablets or dragees and are sold without a prescription.

The fight against spikes

Since oophoritis, especially in its advanced form, is fraught with the occurrence of an adhesive process that leads to problems with conception or even infertility, doctors prescribe Longidaza as a preventive measure. It comes in the form of suppositories that are administered rectally at night after a bowel movement. The course consists of 10 suppositories, which are applied 1 time in 3 days.

If inflammation arose for the first time and measures were taken in time to eliminate it, then Longidaza is not prescribed.

Inflammation of the appendages, uterus and ovaries is a rather insidious disease, as it can be accompanied by mild symptoms or even have a latent course. At the slightest sign of malaise, pain of even low intensity, menstrual irregularities, you should consult a doctor who will diagnose and prescribe drugs for treatment.

Antibiotics are drugs designed to destroy microorganisms that cause infections that are in the growth stage. The antibacterial effect of antibiotics is due to their ability to inhibit vital processes occurring in target microorganisms: protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, cell wall synthesis.

Indications for use

Antibiotics in gynecology are used to treat various inflammatory processes, colpitis, erosion, thrombophlebitis, septic complications. They are also used to prevent postoperative complications. Antibacterial therapy, as part of complex treatment, begins at the stage of exacerbation of the inflammatory process. Antibiotics do not affect viruses, they are not used in the treatment of viral diseases.

Usually antibiotics are administered intramuscularly or by ingestion. They also use tampons, penicillin-ecmolin tablets (for the treatment of vulvovaginitis, endocervicitis), ointments and baths (for inflammatory processes on the external genitalia).

Antibiotics used in gynecology

For the treatment of gynecological diseases, it is possible to use antibiotics of various groups: penicillins, thienamycins, macrolides, monobactam cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, polymyxins, rifamycins, aminoglycosides and others. These drugs are effective in infections caused by gram-positive bacteria (staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, etc.), spirochetes and other pathogens.

The spectrum of antibiotics used in gynecology includes:

ampiox-sodium,
benzylpenicillin sodium salt,
sultamicillin (unazine),
phenoxymethylpenicillin,
oxacillin sodium salt,
cloxacillin (clobex),
methicillin sodium salt,
ampicillin,
piteracillin (psipen, pipraks),
amoxicillin,
ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (timentin),
carbenicillin (geopen),
azlocillin (securopen)
carfecillin,
penamecillin (maripen).
clonac-Rbacampicillin (penbak),
mezlocillin (baiben),
flucloxacillin.

Antibiotics of the penicillin group are most often used to treat inflammatory processes in the female genital tract. The dosage of penicillins depends on the stage of development of the disease and the type of pathogen. Penicillin therapy is also used to treat many sexual diseases. In diseases accompanied by suppuration in the pelvis, streptomycin is injected into the inflammatory focus along with penicillin.

Rehabilitation course

After the patient has finished taking antibiotics, you need to undergo a rehabilitation course. This is due to the fact that these drugs adversely affect not only pathogens, but also beneficial bioflora, which directly affects the level of immunity. The recovery course consists in taking probiotics that restore the intestinal flora, vitamin therapy, and normalizing the diet.

Attention! Gynecological diseases cannot be diagnosed and treated on their own, since many of them are able to take a latent form, and then go into a chronic stage. The above methods and means are recommended to be used only as directed by a doctor, after an accurate diagnosis has been made. If you have problems, please contact the Doctor Ozone clinic - our experienced gynecologists will consult on a particular treatment method, its effectiveness and expediency, or recommend more effective measures.

There are thousands of names of modern antibiotics. They help with various diseases of infectious etiology.

Antibiotics are an extensive group of drugs whose action is directed to the treatment of infectious diseases. There have been changes in the lists of these drugs over the past few years, and a new generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics is now popular.

Modern medicines are directed to the treatment of specific bacteria.
Recently, more and more preference is given to antibiotics of narrowly targeted action. This is due to the fact that they do not have a harmful effect on good microflora.
Antibacterial agents affect the processes of pathogenic cells, and do not affect the vital processes of the body at the cellular level.
Modern drugs act selectively. They eliminate only pathogenic cells.
In this article you will find information on the classification of antibacterial drugs. Thanks to the list for each type of drug, you will find out which antibiotics are the most effective and have good antibacterial activity.

Most eye diseases are caused by bacteria such as chlamydia, strepto-, gono- and staphylococci. These bacteria provoke a purulent-inflammatory process, itching, burning and lacrimation.

Eye drops with an antibiotic can be prescribed not only for the treatment of bacterial infections, but also for the prevention of infection of the conjunctiva after surgery, with eye lesions, if hit.

List of broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation for adults and children of the eye.

Children for the treatment of eye infections are prescribed other drugs that have almost no contraindications, and which have a mild effect on the body. Macrolides:

Erythromycin;
Azidrop.

Erythromycin is available in the form of an ointment. It is used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of various etiologies.

With purulent inflammation, another group of antibiotics, aminoglycosides, does an excellent job. The use in small doses inhibits pathogenic microflora, in large doses it destroys bacteria.

If you are concerned about conjunctivitis, blepharitis or keratitis, then antibiotics based on chloramphenicol will help you. These drugs are based on chloramphenicol. Levomecithin drops are available with the following names:

Levomycetin-Dia;
Levomycetin-Ferein;
Levomycetin-Akos.

Boric acid is added to these preparations. It is a disinfectant, which perfectly increases the antibacterial effect of the drug.

If the disease was caused by a pathogenic microflora resistant to the above drugs, then the doctor may prescribe Fucitalmic. This drug is made on the basis of a natural antibiotic - fusidic acid.

Also, for the treatment of various eye diseases, complex drops based on two antibacterial drugs: Framycetin and Gramicidin are often used. These drugs include Sofradex, the action of which is enhanced by Dexamethasone.

In modern medicine, antibiotics in the form of tablets and injections are widely used to treat intestinal infections. There are two types of intestinal inflammation:

Enteritis- infection in the small intestine;
Colitis- inflammation of the large intestine.

The cause of infectious colitis or enteritis in most cases is hypersensitivity to gram-negative flora. List of broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation for adults and children intestinal:

Aminopenicillin;
Ampicillin or amoxicillin;
Augmentin or Amoxiclav;
Imipinem;
Meropenem;
Cefamesin;
Ceftriaxone;
Cefepime;
Aztreonam;
Azithromycin;
Clarithromycin;
Tetracycline;
Nifuroxazide;
Ciprofloxacin;
Levofloxacin;
Gatifloxacin;
Vancomycin;
Metronidazole.

These drugs can be prescribed for both adults and children, but with different dosages. The daily dose should be prescribed only by the attending physician!

Broad-spectrum antibiotics of a new generation for adults and children with infections, colds, SARS: a list

Broad-spectrum antibiotics help fight pathogenic microflora in the body, acting comprehensively and purposefully.

It often happens that it is impossible to cope with SARS, a common cold or other infection without antibiotics.
The disease can be delayed and cause complications. It was at this time that antibiotics were prescribed - human defenders from various viruses and diseases.
Antibacterial drugs are prescribed when there is no time to accurately determine the causative agents of the disease, and the disease progresses.

Despite this, with inflammation of the appendages, doctors quite often recommend taking Doxycycline, which belongs to the group of tetracyclines. This remedy must be taken 2 tablets per day. Among all tetracyclines, doxycycline is characterized by the least number of side effects, is quickly excreted from the body and is effective in inflammation of the ovaries and appendages in general.

A group of antibiotic derivatives of nitromidazole

This group of drugs includes Metronidazole, which has a wide spectrum of action and affects various types of bacteria. According to the instructions, Metronidazole should be taken one tablet three times a day. But with inflammation of the ovaries, any doses recommended by the instructions must be agreed and adjusted by a specialist. Metronidazole is effective in the complex therapy of inflammatory diseases.

Macrolides for inflammation of the appendages

The macrolide group of drugs is quite effective for the treatment of ovarian diseases. Specialists prescribe the following drugs for inflammation. Related to macrolides: klacid, sumamed, vilprafen, erythromycin, azithromycin, etc. All these drugs actively suppress the vital activity of infectious pathogens that cause diseases of the genitourinary system.

Unlike the tetracycline group of antibiotics, these antibiotics remain in the body longer, as they are characterized by a relatively slow decay time. As a result, the healing process is much faster.

A group of penicillin antibiotics for adnexitis

Among penicillin drugs, popular and effective for inflammation of the ovaries and appendages are such drugs as: Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Ampiox, Oxacillin, etc.

Antibiotics of the penicillin group are often prescribed in combination with drugs from other groups (Metranidazole and its derivatives, antifungal agents, macrolides, etc.).

A group of fluoroquinones in the treatment of appendages

It is this group of antibiotics that is considered the most effective today in the treatment of diseases of the ovaries and the entire genitourinary system. It is quite difficult for bacteria to adapt and resist the action of fluoroquinones. If the patient does not have any contraindications, then the doctors prescribe exactly the drugs of this group. Among them, it is worth highlighting: Tarivid, Pefloxacin, Tsiprobay, Urobacid, Lomefloxacin, Tsifran, etc.

Group of cephalosporins

This group of drugs is obtained from fungi. The most effective in the treatment of diseases of the ovaries and appendages from this group of drugs is Cefazolin. Ceftriaxone (including its analogues) is also characterized by a good result. Both drugs are administered intravenously. The dose is set exclusively by a specialist. The minimum duration of therapy with drugs of the cephalosporin group is a week.

Complex use of drugs for adnexitis

Many women are interested in the question of which of the antibacterial agents is most effective in ovarian diseases and is sufficient to treat one type of antibiotic. It has already been written above that most often the treatment of ovarian diseases is complex. This is due to the fact that it is usually caused not by one pathogen, but by several at the same time, therefore, after an accurate diagnosis of the cause of the inflammatory process of the ovaries, doctors can prescribe a wide variety of combinations of antibacterial drugs of various groups in order to maximize the power of suppressing the vital activity of bacteria. Sufficiently high activity to anaerobic type bacteria is characterized by Metronidazole. In addition, it is Metronidazole that is much more affordable than most other drugs.

Before the pathogen is determined with the help of tests, but the diagnosis of an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary system is established, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed. When the causative bacterium is grown, the drug can be replaced by another, stronger one. Replacement of the drug is also necessary if there is no improvement in the patient's condition after taking previously prescribed drugs. Under broad-spectrum drugs, it is necessary to understand drugs that effectively suppress the pathogens of chlamydia, mycoplasma and ureplasma, because it is these bacteria that most often cause diseases of the genitourinary system of a woman.

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To date, pharmacists can offer us a large selection of antibiotics. And they are very widely and successfully used in gynecology.

Antibiotics are substances of plant, microbial or animal origin, the action is aimed at the destruction of pathogens. They are divided into classes, generations, chemical composition, spectrum of their activity, etc. Antibiotics only affect bacteria, they are not prescribed for fungal and viral infections.

Inflammatory processes and treatment

Treatment of inflammatory processes in gynecology is often carried out with the help of antibiotics in various forms. For successful treatment, it is important to choose the right drugs and their dosage.

What do we have to do:

Take tests to establish the body's sensitivity to a particular antibiotic, as well as the sensitivity of the infectious agent to a particular drug.
If the first point is not observed, antibiotics are most often prescribed, which have a wide range of applications. Antibiotic treatment should not be carried out for more than 7 days. The antibiotic acts on the microflora of the genital organs and their pathways, so treatment should be carried out in conjunction with antifungal drugs.

The action of drugs

All antibiotics according to the mechanism of action are divided into bacteriostatic and bactericidal and preparations.

Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth and prevent microorganisms from multiplying.
Bactericidal antibiotics kill pathological bacteria, which are then excreted from the body.

Due to these properties, antibiotics are needed in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. After all, it is pathogenic bacteria that are the culprits of women's suffering. And there are a lot of such diseases in gynecology, here are some of them:

inflammation of the labia;
inflammation of the vaginal mucosa;
inflammation of the cervical canal;
inflammation of the fallopian tubes;
inflammation of the uterus;
inflammation of the ovaries.

If infections such as chlamydia and gonococci, as well as staphylococci, streptococci, etc., enter the body, they immediately begin their vigorous activity. Unfortunately, our body, namely the immune system, is not able to cope with these bacteria alone. And then antibiotics come to our aid, and remove the entire inflammatory process in the body.

Usually, inflammatory processes manifest themselves very sharply, it can be temperature, discharge, etc. And you should not wait and hope that everything will go away on its own. Just during these periods, the disease is treatable. And, as a rule, from 7-14 days is enough for a complete recovery, depending on the severity of your disease. An untimely appeal to a specialist can subsequently lead to a chronic disease. Treatment, which will be long and expensive.

Antibiotics and their classification

It is also not worth choosing one or another treatment for yourself, namely, choosing antibiotics. After all, you do not know what kind of disease you have. The wrong choice of antibiotic can only harden the infection, which will require a stronger drug to remove.

Antibiotics in gynecology of a wide spectrum of action, universal - list:

Ampicillin;
Azithromycin;
Aminoglycoside;
Erythromycin;
Kanamycin;
Metronidazole;
Monomycin;
Neomycin;
Penicillins;
Rifamcin;
Streptomycin;
Tetracyclines;
Cephalosporins.

Breastfeeding can be continued (with the use of oxacillin and cefazolin) or complete pumping can be carried out. The frequency of emptying the affected breast should be increased. Cold and a supportive bra are applied locally.

With the development of an abscess AMPs are prescribed only parenterally, in parallel with surgical drainage of the abscess.

Alternative drugs: amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, or lincosamides.

Breastfeeding during abscess formation is prohibited and therapy is carried out aimed at eliminating lactostasis.

Duration of therapy: treatment can be completed 24-48 hours after clinical improvement.

INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF ABORTION

These pathological conditions can develop both with spontaneous miscarriages and with induced abortions at various stages of pregnancy and, as a rule, occur against the background of remnants of fetal tissues or its membranes, as well as due to surgical trauma.

Infection often occurs ascending. Less commonly, primary infection of the fetal membranes (amnionitis, chorionitis) occurs, followed by termination of pregnancy.

Main pathogens

The etiological spectrum of pathogens of infectious post-abortion complications is similar to that in PID. In some cases (especially with criminal abortions), the causative agent may be C. perfringens.

Antibacterial therapy regimens used for treatment do not differ from those for PID.

Parenteral administration is also carried out until clinical improvement and continues for another 48 hours. Then it is possible to switch to oral administration of AMP. The duration of antibiotic therapy should be at least 7 days, and in severe forms - up to 14 days.

PERIOPERATIVE ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS

It is carried out with laparotomy, laparoscopic and transvaginal access, medical abortions (mainly in women who have had PID, gonorrhea, often changing sexual partners and in the second trimester of pregnancy), with caesarean section.

Prevention consists of administering a single therapeutic dose of a broad-spectrum AMP intravenously 30 minutes before surgery or after cord clamping for caesarean section. If necessary (emergency surgical interventions in unexamined patients, caesarean section after a long anhydrous interval), the administration of AMP is repeated intramuscularly 8 and 16 hours after the first injection.

Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of postoperative and postpartum infectious complications by an average of 10-30%. However, it does not replace strict adherence to the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, as well as high-quality surgical technique.

Choice of antimicrobials

INFECTIOUS VULVOVAGINITIS

The terms "vaginitis" or "colpitis" do not always reflect the essence of the pathological processes behind complaints of vaginal discharge, often with an unpleasant odor, itching and irritation in the vulva, dysuria and dyspareunia. However, these terms are traditionally used both in domestic and foreign literature. According to the causes of vaginitis, it can be divided into non-infectious and infectious. The latter, in turn, are subdivided depending on pathogens, previous conditions and clinical and laboratory signs.

Bacterial vaginosis in the structure of infectious vulvovaginitis is 40-50%, vulvovaginal candidiasis - 20-25%, trichomonas vaginitis - 15-20%.

Secondary bacterial vaginitis or so-called non-specific vaginitis is essentially a wound infection. These include secondary bacterial infection in atrophic vaginitis, secondary bacterial infection in the presence of a foreign body, ulcerative vaginitis associated with S. aureus and toxic shock syndrome. They account for less than 10% in the structure of infectious vaginitis.

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

This disease has recently been singled out as an independent nosological form and is defined as an infectious non-inflammatory syndrome associated with dysbiosis of the vaginal biotope and is characterized by massive reproduction of strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria and the disappearance of H 2 O 2 -producing lactobacilli.

Main pathogens

This pathological process is caused by associations of anaerobic bacteria: Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp., Fusobacterium spp., microaerophilic G.vaginalis. Ownership is disputed M. hominis to vaginosis-associated microorganisms. With bacterial vaginosis, there is no leukocyte reaction in the vaginal discharge and the classic signs of inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. In 10-15% of cases, bacterial vaginosis is combined with candidal colpitis.

Choice of antimicrobials

AMPs with pronounced antianaerobic activity are used.

Drugs of choice: metronidazole - orally 0.5 g every 12 hours for 7 days or 0.25 mg every 8 hours for 7 days. In rare cases, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 2.0 g orally once, but this regimen is less effective and relapses more often. Metronidazole is also used in the form of 0.75% vaginal gel 5.0 g every 12-24 for 7 days.

Alternative drugs. clindamycin - 0.3 g every 12 hours a day for 7 days or as a 2% vaginal cream 5 g at night for 7 days.

With a combination of bacterial vaginosis and candidal colpitis, a parallel appointment of antimycotics is necessary (see below).

Treatment of pregnant women is no different from that outside of pregnancy. However, clindamycin cream should not be used due to an increased risk of preterm labor.

According to modern concepts, it is considered inappropriate to treat the sexual partner of a patient with bacterial vaginosis.

VULVOVAGINITIS CANDIDOSIS

Main pathogens

The disease is caused by yeast fungi of the genus Candida. In 80-90% of cases this C.albicans, at 10 o'clock% - C. glabrata, in 1-5% - C.tropicalis. Other types of candida rarely cause damage to the vagina and vulva. Recently, the proportion of candidal vulvovaginitis caused by the so-called candida has been increasing. non-albicans, and in some populations it reaches 18%. C. glabrata causes less pronounced symptoms (itching, dyspareunia) compared to other candida, but its eradication with standard therapy regimens is often difficult. For vulvovaginitis caused by C.tropicalis, there is also a higher recurrence rate after conventional treatment.

Yeast fungi can also be part of the normal microflora of the vagina in 10-20% of women without manifesting themselves clinically. The development of symptomatic infection is associated with a violation of the protective forces of the macroorganism. About 75% of women experience at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis in their lifetime, 40-45% - 2 or more episodes, and 5% suffer from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Choice of antimicrobials

Therapy is carried out only in the presence of vulvovaginitis and the detection of econazole (vaginal suppositories 0.15 g) - in the vagina at night for 3 days; nystatin (vaginal suppositories of 250 thousand units) - in the vagina at night for 14 days.

During pregnancy, only topical preparations in the form of vaginal dosage forms can be used. The duration of treatment should be at least 7 days.

Chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

The presence of recurrent vaginal candidiasis, apparently, is not associated with the development of resistance to antimycotics, although it is advisable to identify the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to specific drugs. If vulvovaginitis is caused by candida non-albicans, insensitive to azoles, local application of polyenes (natamycin, nystatin) or boric acid (2 vaginal suppositories of 0.3 g per night for 2 weeks) is indicated. Treatment begins with the relief of exacerbation with the above drugs, and then long-term suppressive therapy is carried out. It is also important to eliminate or reduce possible risk factors (treatment of diabetes mellitus, discontinuation of corticosteroids, high-dose combined oral contraceptives), which, however, are not always possible to identify.

Patients ask what antibiotics doctors usually prescribe for inflammation of the kidneys. Inflammation of the kidneys is a serious disease that, with the right selection of medications, is quite successfully treated. The main thing is not to start the disease without allowing it to go from an acute form to a chronic one. The inflammatory process affects the entire organ, manifested primarily by lower back pain and changes in urinalysis.

Will antibiotics help?

There are a lot of reasons why an inflammatory process in the kidneys can begin, but the disease itself usually occurs against the background of a decrease in immunity. Very often, pyelonephritis is observed in pregnant women for this very reason. The most effective method of treatment in this case is antibiotic treatment, their choice is quite wide. Antibiotics in the inflammatory process in the kidneys is the most effective method of treatment.

During pregnancy, not all drugs are allowed to be taken, so the attending physician prescribes a treatment regimen based on the patient's state of health and carefully studying the risks. The problem is that the antibiotic can have a negative effect on the formation and growth of the fetus. Inflammatory processes in the kidneys are dangerous for their complications. Any kidney disease can turn into a chronic form with improper treatment, and subsequently, with a particularly unfavorable course, to the destruction of the kidney tissue.

The cause of inflammation of the kidneys are enterococci and staphylococci that have entered the body. Less often, inflammation of the kidneys can be caused by other pathogens.

Inflammation of the kidneys is more common in women than men, this is caused by the specific structure of the female genitourinary system. But the approach to antibiotic treatment in patients of both sexes is almost the same. Medicines in tablets do not have the desired effect.

Inflammation of the kidneys is usually accompanied by symptoms such as a sharp increase in temperature against the background of active sweating. The patient begins to chill. On the part of the genitourinary system, the disease is manifested by difficulty urinating. There may be attacks of nausea, dizziness, general weakness. Against the background of inflammation of the kidneys, blood pressure may increase, appetite may decrease. The most striking manifestation of the inflammatory process in the kidneys is the turbidity of the urine, in which the study reveals a high content of protein and leukocytes.

In the acute form of inflammation, an intense manifestation of most of the symptoms is observed. With chronic inflammation, the symptoms are almost the same, but the temperature may rise slightly, and rarely above 38 ° C. In patients with chronic inflammation of the kidneys, the skin usually has an earthy tint.

Purely anatomically, it is most often possible to encounter inflammation of the right kidney.
Treatment of the disease can only be started after an accurate diagnosis has been made and confirmed by laboratory tests. Only after identifying the pathogen that led to the onset of inflammation, it is possible to select antibiotics that will have the most effective effect and suppress the growth and reproduction of the pathological flora. The dosage of any drug in the treatment of inflammation of the kidneys depends on the condition of the patient. If the inflammatory process is intense, taking pills is replaced by intravenous administration of drugs.

What antibiotics are prescribed?

In the treatment of kidneys, aminopenicillins are primarily used. The drugs of this group have shown themselves well in the fight against enterococci and in cases where the inflammatory process in the kidneys has arisen due to E. coli. These drugs are the least toxic of all antibiotics, so their use is also allowed in the event of a patient's pregnancy. The use of these drugs is indicated in the initial stages of the onset of the inflammatory process. This group includes:

Next in terms of frequency of use is the group of cephalosporins. These antibiotics also have a low level of toxicity. But their use is most justified if there is a high risk of developing a purulent form of inflammation. Positive dynamics in the treatment is observed, starting from the 3rd day of taking the drugs. The group of cephalosporins includes:

What drugs are prescribed for severe inflammation?

Drugs related to aminoglycosides should be drunk in severe forms of inflammation. These antibiotics are highly toxic and should therefore be used with extreme caution. For example, they are not prescribed to patients over 50 years of age, and if the patient has already been treated with aminoglycosides for a year. This group of drugs includes:

Gentamicin;
Amikacin;
Netilmicin.

Fluoroquinols are also of low toxicity, but they are prescribed if a long course of treatment is expected, for example, in the treatment of nephritis. These drugs include:

Macrolides are broad-spectrum drugs. Successfully resist many types of pathogenic microorganisms. They are strong medicines. This group includes: Sumamed, Vilprafen.

No less actively in the treatment of nephritis and pyelonephritis, semi-synthetic antibiotics are used, such as Cefazolin, Tamycin. These drugs have a low level of toxicity. The results from taking the drugs become noticeable on about 3 days.

Antibiotic selection by culture

Antibiotics are used in the treatment of renal inflammation in combination with other drugs, since, in addition to this process, there are violations of the genitourinary system. In order to correctly determine the choice of remedy, it is necessary to carry out a urine culture on a sterile culture and thus identify the type of pathogen, find out the degree of sensitivity to each of the groups of the above drugs. The treatment of an acute form, and sometimes an exacerbation of a chronic disease, takes place in a hospital, respectively, the medication is taken under the strict supervision of the attending physician. Outpatient treatment is possible only if the patient has an exacerbation of a mild chronic illness.

If within 2 days there is no positive effect from taking the prescribed medication, it is canceled and another one is prescribed. If for some reason the doctor does not have the opportunity to check the sensitivity of the pathogen to drugs, the choice of a suitable remedy is carried out among antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action.

Successful treatment is considered, which at the 1st stage combines the administration of antibiotics from the group of penicillins and cephalosporins. Moreover, in the acute form, preference should not be given to tablets, but to the introduction of drugs intramuscularly and intravenously. Such injections are preferable, since in this case the maximum concentration of the drug in the tissues of the kidneys is observed.

The standard course of antibiotic therapy on average does not exceed 2 weeks. The dosage of each drug is calculated individually, taking into account the age and weight of the patient. For example, penicillins are not taken once, the dosage is divided into 3-4 doses per day.

Another possible treatment for kidney inflammation is to prescribe Amoxicillin and Amoxiclav, or Amoxicillin, or Trifamox. Preference is given to penicillins because of their easy tolerance by patients and a small number of allergic reactions that are observed when using antibiotic drugs of other groups. An important factor is their low degree of toxicity to the body. In addition to allergies, there may be disorders of the digestive system in the form of dyspeptic disorders.

What antibiotics treat nephritis?

If a patient has nephritis, then Benzylpenicillin is prescribed for a course of 10 days. In this case, the dose is 1 million units, which are administered up to 6 times within 24 hours.
If Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes the cause of inflammation of the kidneys, then the treatment regimen is selected taking into account this fact. In this case, the choice falls on penicillins that can fight this pathogen, for example, Pipracil and Securopen. If these funds are not suitable for any reason, they are replaced by Gentamicin or Amikacin.

If the patient had problems with the kidneys even before the inflammatory process, then he is prescribed Ciprofloxacin with the control of a biochemical blood test.

Cephalosporin antibiotics are effective in the treatment of both pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. This type of antibiotic is excreted from the body mainly by the liver, so they can be used for any kidney disease. Taking most antibiotics excludes alcohol.

Separately, it is worth dwelling on the list of antibiotics approved for use in pregnant and lactating mothers. It includes cephalosporins, protected penicillins and macrolides. All these drugs successfully inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms and at the same time belong to low-toxic drugs. Macrolides have the weakest effect on pathogens and are prescribed during pregnancy, if the use of drugs from the other 2 groups for some reason becomes impossible. Most often, drugs from this series are prescribed to pregnant women with an exacerbation of the chronic form, when the course of the disease is not so intense. When breastfeeding, preference is given to Amoxicillin, Cefoperazone, Cefobid. These drugs are quickly excreted from the body and do not accumulate in the tissues of the organs.

What antibiotics to drink for inflammation

In the treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract, which include bronchitis, tracheitis, pleurisy, pneumonia and a number of others, antibiotics are used.

The most effective of them in respiratory diseases are penicillins, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and macrolides.

Among the penicillins used in diseases of the respiratory tract are Augmentin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin with its analogues Flemoxin and Solutab and a number of other drugs. They are active against most of the microorganisms that cause inflammation of the respiratory tract.

The fluoroquinolones Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin and their analogues Avelox and Moximac are also often used in such diseases, primarily in pneumonia. These drugs are very effective against most bacteria associated with respiratory diseases, even those that are resistant to penicillins.

Very effective against bronchitis, pleurisy and pneumonia and cephalosporins, which include Cefixime (Supraks) Cefuroxime axetil (Zinacef, Aksetin, Zinnat), and a number of others.

And macrolides are usually prescribed in case of suspicion of atypical pneumonia, which can be caused by chlamydia or mycoplasmas. The list of these drugs includes Azithromycin (Sumamed, Hemomycin and others).

In inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs , which, in particular, include pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis and a number of others, use antibiotics that are active against streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus. These include Penicillins, Macrolides, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones.

Among the Penicillins used to treat such diseases are Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, and they are most effective for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sinusitis (This is frontal sinusitis, sinusitis and others)

Of the macrolides used in the treatment of otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin are best known.

Cephalosporins are prescribed for severe forms of ENT infections, in addition, they are used when treatment with other drugs has not given the desired effect. These drugs include ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.

Fluoroquinolones are applicable in the treatment of almost all inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, such as pharyngitis and other sinusitis, otitis media, etc. These are drugs such as Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin.

Antibiotics for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

In inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, fluoroquinolones are used.

Salmonellosis, dysentery and a number of other inflammatory bowel diseases usually manifest as flatulence, diarrhea, pain and rumbling in the abdomen, fever, thirst and some other symptoms. For the treatment of such diseases, Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin, and other Fluoroquinolones, which are used in combination with Biseptol, are used.

With dysentery, they are prescribed as Biseptol, Doxycycline, Nevigramone.

For bacterial diseases of the digestive system, enteroseptics are used: Intetrix, Enterosediv, Nifuratel, Nifuroxazide, which are also used for giardiasis, amoebiasis and other intestinal diseases.

Against inflammation of the urinary organs

In diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics are used Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones and Monural, which is effective in the treatment of cystitis.

Inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs, in particular pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, are usually caused by E. coli, and much less often by Klebsiella, Proteus and other bacteria.

Penicillins are used for mild forms of the disease. These include Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Amoxicillin.

Cephalosporins are prescribed in the treatment of pyelonephritis, both in conjunction with other antibiotics, and on their own. These drugs are Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefepime.

And Ciprofloxancin and Moxifloxacin are very effective in the treatment of cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis.

Reliably about antibiotics in female inflammatory diseases of the appendages

An infectious-inflammatory lesion of the appendages (fallopian tubes, ligaments and ovaries) is called salpingo-oophoritis. The course of the disease can be acute and chronic, with periods of relapse.

For inflammation of the appendages, complaints are characteristic: severe pain in the lower abdomen, fever, impaired urination (pain, burning, frequent urge), bloating, discharge from the genital tract (bloody, purulent, mucous), dyspareunia (pain during intercourse).

The infectious process can be:

specific, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, gonococci, pale spirochete, Trichomonas, etc.
non-specific (staphylococci and streptococci, mycoplasma infection).

The feasibility of antibiotic therapy

The goal of treatment is to eliminate intoxication and pain symptoms, eradicate (destroy) the pathogen, prevent the transition of the inflammatory process to the chronic stage and prevent further complications.

Combined treatment regimens (simultaneous administration of several drugs from different groups) have maximum efficiency.

Preference is given to broad-spectrum drugs, since the infection, in the vast majority of cases, is of a mixed type.

The rationale for the use of ABP is the bacterial nature of inflammation, less often associated with herpetic viral infection (antibacterial therapy is used in severe forms, to prevent the activation of secondary flora).

Antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages serve as basic therapy. Treatment of the acute period and recurrence of chronic salpingo-oophoritis is carried out only in a hospital, in the absence of the effect of conservative therapy for three days, surgical intervention is indicated.

Conservative treatment

In the treatment of acute inflammation of the adnexa, it is preferable to use the second and third generation fluoroquinolones.

Fluoroquinolones

Preparations of the fluoroquinolone group have high activity against gram-negative (including gonococci) and gram-positive flora, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intracellular microorganisms.

2nd generation:

Ciprofloxacin (Tsiprobay, Arfloks, Tsifobak, Citeral);
Ofloxacin (Tabrin, Zanotsin, Tarivid);
Norfloxacin (Normax, Spectrum, Nolicin);
Pefloxacin (Abaktal, Perty).

3rd generation:

Sparfloxacin (Sparflo);
Levofloxacin (Levoflox).

Second-generation drugs do not act on spirochetes, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and are ineffective in streptococcal infections. In relation to these pathogens, it is advisable to use the third generation.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages have good effectiveness, however, with prolonged use, dysbacteriosis and the development of superinfection associated with Candida fungi and staphylococci may occur.

A severe, specific complication is damage to the tendons, up to their ruptures. Prohibited for use simultaneously with glucocorticosteroid therapy (the risk of complications increases).

The use of cephalosporins

ABPs of this group have a powerful bactericidal effect on gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Ceftriaxone with gonococcal inflammation of the ovaries has the maximum efficiency.

As a rule, these drugs are well tolerated by patients, have fewer side effects compared to other antibacterial drugs.

Side effects include: phlebitis, cross-allergic reactions to penicillin, urticaria, risk of anaphylactic shock, leukopenia, eosinophilia, hypoprothrombinemia and dyspeptic disorders.

Generation classification:

Cefazolin (Kefzol).
Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Cefumax, Cefutil).
Cefotaxime (Claforan), Ceftazidime (Fortum), Cefoperazone (Cefobide), combination of Cefoperazone with sulbactam (Sulperazone), Ceftriaxone (Rofecime, Cefaxone, Forcef, Sulbactomax - combination with sulbactam).
Cefepime (Maxipim).

Of the third-generation drugs, cefotaxime and cefipime have the maximum activity against staphylococcal flora. When the inflammatory process spreads to the uterus, combined preparations are preferred.

Penicillins

From the group of penicillins, with gynecological inflammations, the most effective are extended-spectrum antibiotics, protected and anti-staphylococcal.

These drugs are characterized by a low level of toxicity and high efficiency against grammatical flora. However, they are weakly effective against spirochetes and moderately effective in the treatment of gram-positive flora.

The disadvantages include high allergenicity, a decrease in hemoglobin levels and neutropenia when using antistaphylococcal penicillins (Oxacillin).

Extended-spectrum drugs

Ampicillin (Pentrexil, Ampen, Ampilin, Ultrabion, Zimolen, Domicillin).
Amoxicillin (Flemoxin, Amin, Grunamox, Taysil).

Amoxicillin / clavulanate (Augmentin, Amoxiclav).
Ampicillin / sulbactam (Unazine, Sulacillin).

Due to low toxicity, penicillin preparations are approved for use in pregnant women.

Tetracyclines

Tetracycline antibiotics in gynecology are effective against bacterial flora and protozoa. The most effective is the semi-synthetic series of Doxycycline (Abadox, Doxacin, Vibradoxil) and Metacycline.

Macrolides have a predominantly bacteriostatic effect, are highly active against strepto- and staphylococcal infections, intracellular pathogens (mycoplasma and chlamydial infection).

A wide spectrum of action, minimal toxicity, the possibility of use during pregnancy and the absence of cross-allergic reactions determines their popularity in gynecology.
The simultaneous use of macrolides with aminoglycosides is not recommended.
Natural macrolides include:

Erythromycin and Josamycin are considered the safest antibiotics from all groups of antibacterial drugs.

Vilprafen is preferable to use in the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (easily tolerated, does not cause side effects from the gastrointestinal tract).

Aminoglycosides

Of the aminoglycosides, Gentamicin and Amikacin are used. They are effective against gonococci, staphylo- and streptococci, tuberculosis mycobacteria.

They have low allergies. The negative consequences of the use include: toxic effects on the kidneys and inner ear.

To reduce the risk of side effects, it is forbidden to take several drugs of this group at the same time, treatment should be carried out taking into account creatinine clearance (monitoring kidney function) and audiometry (assessment of hearing damage).

Lincosamides

Lincosamide drugs (Clindamycin) are effective in the development of chlamydial arthritis, however, they have a limited spectrum of activity (gram-positive bacteria).

Nitroimidazole derivatives

Metronidazole (Klion-D, Trichopol) is the "gold standard" in the treatment of inflammation of the appendages associated with protozoa (Trichomania).

Works well in combination with other antibacterial drugs. Undesirable effects include neurotoxicity, dyspeptic disorders, the possibility of developing leukemia and neutropenia.

Combined treatment regimens

In the combined treatment of salpingo-oophoritis and inflammation of the uterus (endometritis), the appointment of cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generations, in combination with gentamicin, is recommended.

In severe cases of the disease, the cephalosporin series is combined with aminoglycosides and metronidazole.

With isolated inflammation of the appendages, the following schemes are effective:

Intramuscular use of cephalosporins + intravenous administration of a tetracycline series, or Doxycilin with Metronidazole (tablet form).
Lincosamides intravenously + aminoglycosides intramuscularly.
In gonorrheal etiology of inflammation, protected penicillins are used in combination with doxycillin.

Treatment lasts up to two weeks.

Treatment of salpingo-oophoritis in pregnant women

Antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages in pregnant women are selected taking into account their possible teratogenic effect on the fetus, toxicity and ability to penetrate the placental barrier.

antibiotics of the chloramphenicol series (chloramphenicol, levomycetin), due to high toxicity, the ability to quickly cross the placenta and inhibit the fetal bone marrow and hematopoietic processes;
quinoxaline derivatives (dioxidine), its teratogenic effect on the fetus has been proven;
combinations of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Biseptol), contribute to the formation of congenital heart defects;
aminoglycosides (tobramycin) - nephrotoxic, form congenital deafness, due to toxic effects on the inner ear.
preparations of the tetracycline series are hepatotoxic, disrupt the mineralization of bone tissue;
fluoroquinolones, have a toxic effect on the joints.

Antibiotics acceptable for use in female inflammation in pregnant women

During childbearing, the use of certain macrolides (azithromycin) is acceptable.

They are effective for the treatment of chlamydial infections and have no proven toxic effect on the fetus. Metronidazole (Trichopol) can be used in the later stages, in the first trimesters it has a neurotoxic effect on the fetal brain.

Name of antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages in women, approved for use during pregnancy:

cephalosporins are recognized as safe and non-toxic to the fetus;
penicillin preparations and erythromycin, josamycin (vilprafen).

These drugs do not have a teratogenic effect and cannot lead to congenital anomalies and impaired development of the child. However, it is important to remember that any antibiotics are potent drugs. Selection of therapy and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages in children and adolescents

List of antibiotics used in gynecology in the treatment of inflammation of the appendages in children:

Metronidazole.
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin.
Amikacin.
Erythromycin.
Ceftriaxone.

For the treatment of salpingo-oophoritis associated with gonococcal, staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, a combination of penicillins with macrolides, less often aminoglycosides and sulfonamides, is used.

In the treatment of trichomonas, nitroimidazole derivatives are prescribed.

General principles of antibiotic therapy

To achieve maximum efficiency and reduce the risk of developing unwanted complications, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the scheme prescribed by the doctor and follow the recommended dosages.

Tablets should be taken with plenty of water. Fluid intake should be increased to 2-2.5 liters per day.

Alternative Therapy

Surgical treatment is indicated in the absence of the effect of the use of conservative methods within 3 days.

Emergency indications for surgical intervention are an increase in intoxication, an "acute abdomen" clinic, an increase in inflammatory markers in a blood test (ESR, leukocytes, stab neutrophils).

In the presence of purulent fusion of the tubes, pronounced adhesive processes, the formation of abscesses, pelvioperitonitis, it is recommended to perform tubectomy, adnexectomy, excision of abdominal adhesions, installation of drains and anti-adhesion barriers.

Physio-, phytotherapy. vitamins

In order to detoxify therapy and improve the rheological properties of blood, Ringer's solutions, glucose with ascorbic acid, riboxin, pentoxifylline are effective.

With severe intoxication and hypoproteinemia, albumin solutions are used in biochemical analysis.

For restorative and tonic purposes, vitamin therapy is used.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are aimed at preventing the adhesive process, improving the blood supply to the pelvic organs and preventing congestion. Effective use of low-intensity ultrasound, UHF, magnetotherapy.

After the elimination of acute symptoms, it is possible to use herbal medicine (red brush, boron uterus, oregano, nettle, St. John's wort, mint). Herbal treatment is possible only in the absence of contraindications and allergic reactions, and "female herbs" are not recommended for pregnant women, as they can provoke a miscarriage.

The article was prepared by an infectious disease doctor
Chernenko A. L.

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Now it is difficult to imagine how people lived without antibiotics. Then the mortality rate was a hundred times higher than today. But, we must say thanks to Alexander Fleming, who in 1928 conducted a routine experiment with pathogenic bacteria. And he noticed an interesting thing, which in the future he called "penicillin". Namely, he was the first antibiotic in the world. True, at first he was not recognized at the meeting of the Medical Club.

And only in 1938 there were daredevils who proved the usefulness of such medicines. Moreover, this coincided with the beginning of hostilities in the world and caused a storm of positive reviews. So, we can say that antibiotics during the Second World War saved the life of more than one soldier.

Antibiotics have antibacterial effects and are available in many forms:

Powder;
syrups;
solutions;
Drops;
Aerosols;
Ointments.

Today, these drugs act selectively. That is, they find only a pathogenic cell of a microorganism, while they do not affect the human body. Some tools have a wide range of impact, others - a narrow one. A wide spectrum of action fight several types of bacteria at once. Such antibiotics are used for various types of diseases.

For example, one and the same drug treats otitis, inflamed tonsils, etc. They are believed to have minimal impact on humans.

Gynecology has also not lagged behind other areas of medicine in the issue of antibiotics. Doctors widely and successfully use them in their practice.

Antibiotics in gynecology come from three types. This:

Vegetable;
Animal;
And semi-synthetic origin.

With the help of these properties, these medicines can cure many diseases caused by inflammation.

And in their many:

Antibiotics and gynecologists

Vaginitis. Inflammation of the walls of the vagina;
- inflammation of the external genital organs;
Colpitis;
Inflammation of the uterus;
inflammation of the ovaries;
Appendages;
Fallopian tubes;
cervical canal;
Labia;
Diseases of the endometrium;
Cervicitis. Cervix;
And much more.

Usually, in nature, if one organ in a woman becomes inflamed, then, often, it will pick up another organ. Especially if the disease is allowed to take its course or they try to treat it on their own. The causes of these diseases are many:

hypothermia;
Actions of medicines;
Allergy to sperm or to (its material);
Side effect or childbirth.
Other.

Diseases of the genital organs of a woman may not come on their own, but with additional inflammation in the body.

For example, fever, headaches, fatigue, digestive problems and more.

It should be borne in mind that female organs can become infected with infections, such as:

Chlamydia;
Staphylococcus;
yeast infection;
And so on.

To detect inflammation or infection in a woman, you need to start by seeking help from a gynecologist. He, in turn, will examine her, take smears, send her for additional tests. And according to the results, treatment will be prescribed.

If you need an antibiotic with a narrow action, then you need to do a test for the sensitivity of the body to this drug and the sensitivity of the bacteria to this drug.

But, most often a broad-spectrum antibiotic is prescribed. The course of treatment can be from 5-10 days. Some of these drugs can affect the intestinal microflora or cause vaginal yeast (), then in such cases, additional medications are prescribed to prevent the occurrence of consequences.

Unfortunately, such diseases begin with a "bouquet" of symptoms, moreover, in an acute form. If you ask for help in time, then it will be possible to get rid of the problem this or next week. And the exacerbation of the disease will be removed on the second day after you start taking medication.

In situations where a girl starts the disease, it becomes chronic. And she will treat her almost all her life. So it's better to immediately take a course of antibiotics and live life to the fullest.

Without a doctor, few people can give a correct diagnosis of their disease. Dear women, you do not want to harm yourself with an unconscious action, do you?

We have already said that there are broad-spectrum antibiotics and are aimed at a narrow range of microbes.

So, I would like to note the most popular drugs of the new generation, which were noted by many doctors and patients according to the final result.

So, among the wide spectrum of action is:

An antibiotic that contains penicillin: amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ticarcycline;
Tetracycline group: this is called Tetracycline;
Fluoroquinolone groups: Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gatiprofloxacin and Gatifloxacin.
The aminoglycoside component is found in Streptomycin;
The substance amphenicol is present in Chloramphenicol (common Levomycitin);
The content of carbapenem is found in Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem.

Here is a short list of broad spectrum antibiotics.

In addition to them, they also talk about such popular drugs as:

Sumamed;
Cefamandol;
Unicodes Salutab;
Rulid;
Amoxiclav;
Lincomycin;
Cefaperazone;
Cefotaxime;
Cefixime.

If we talk about a narrow spectrum of action, then drugs with the substance penicillin are used here. They are taken from the vital activity of some mold fungi.

And the antibiotic itself is made from the most active benzylpenicillin:

Antibiotic Bicillin,
oxacillin,
Ampicillin
And so on;

Such drugs are aimed at microorganisms with a name (streptococci, staphylococci, etc.), and also with a list of sperochetes. They do an excellent job with severe skin lesions, such as: boils, lichen.

Penicillin drugs are prescribed even for children who have problems with pyococcal diseases: dermatitis, pseudofurunculosis, pemphigus of newborns. Lupus erythematosus and scleroderma are also treated.

Streptomycin is also noted for narrow-spectrum antibiotics. It is produced by a radiant fungus called Actinomyces globisporus streptomycini and some other organisms. Their action is aimed at a group of bacteria such as gram-negative, gram-positive and acid-resistant.

Among them are such well-known names as:

streptomycin sulfate;
Dihydrostreptomycin pantothenate;
Dihydrostreptimycin ascobbinate.

Often such drugs are prescribed for diagnoses of tuberculosis, and they can also treat many skin diseases.

A narrow-purpose antibiotic is prescribed only by a doctor. It is necessary to strictly observe the dosage and recommendations for admission, and also read the instructions before starting the course.

Separately, I would like to highlight antibiotics. In many cases, the gynecologist resorts to such a convenient and effective antibiotic. They are created from one active substance on a special basis.

Their advantage is a soft and comfortable shape, which is stored at a certain storage temperature. And when they reach their destination, they turn into a fat-like form, which is perfectly absorbed by the woman's body.

Candles are divided into the following types:

Rectal. Introduced into the rectum;
Vaginal. Inserted into the woman's vagina. The most popular suppositories among inflammatory diseases in;
sticks. They are inserted into the ureter or into the cervix.

The popularity of candles is easy to explain. They are aimed at the focus of inflammation itself, and their harmfulness is minimal. After entering the suppository, the active substance enters the bloodstream within 30-60 minutes. Yes, and almost no one causes allergies.

In the world there are candles against such ailments as:

Inflammation of the appendages. In their composition, which can be used for preventive purposes.
infections. Such suppositories with metronidazole, and they treat Trichomonas infection.
bactericidal action. They normalize the microflora of the vagina.
Pimafucin. All problems are related to yeast diseases.

Analgin and paracetamol are added to some suppositories, so they relieve pain and reduce fever.

Everyone knows where there are positive aspects, there are also negative consequences from the same drug.

Consider the most common side effects from taking an antibiotic:

Allergic reactions. May be in the form of urticaria, Quincke's edema, asthma, etc.;
intestines. The intestinal microflora is disturbed.
Decrease ;
Toxic effect on: liver, circulatory system, digestive tract;
Anaphylactic shock;
Antibiotics for children can destroy the formation of bones and teeth;
Different types of candidiasis;
And other.

Plus, after taking such drugs, immunity decreases. This is due to the fact that the antibiotic kills, in addition to pathogenic bacteria, also the microbes that the body needs. After the end of the course of the drug, there is an active settlement of new microorganisms. And the immune system can't figure out so quickly what it needs and what it doesn't. Moreover, other bacteria are active, since the antibiotic has no effect on them. Hence the reduced immunity.

There are also contraindications to the use of such drugs. This:

Pregnancy. Some drugs can be used, but only if they are prescribed by a doctor;
Lactation. Same situation as ;
allergic reactions for certain antibiotics. Before taking, you need to do a test;
Part of drugs contraindicated for children of a certain age. You need to read the instructions carefully and listen to the doctor;
If the antibiotic contains tetracycline, then here should not be used in people with kidney failure;
Those who have leukopenia(decreased white blood cell count).

Take antibiotic treatment very seriously, any self-administration in the treatment of these drugs can cause irreparable harm. But, any woman wants to be a healthy, beautiful, loving mother, wife and just a Woman with a capital letter.