Why does hormonal imbalance occur in a woman’s body? What is hormonal balance? Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders in men and women

Disorders of the body's endocrine functions are one of the most common prerequisites for serious disorders of women's health. There are many prerequisites for such disorders; they are caused by constantly changing hormonal levels during a woman’s life, her diet, stress, sudden changes in weight, pregnancy, childbirth, taking oral contraceptives and hormonal medications. Hormonal disbalance occurs in women at menopausal age, during puberty, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There are two main hormones constantly present in the female body: progesterone and estrogen. Their imbalance, caused by increased estrogen levels, is often the cause of hormonal imbalance.

You should know that endocrine dysfunctions and diseases are difficult to treat, but their timely detection can greatly facilitate this process. What are the main signs of hormonal disorders, and what may accompany them?

1. Unstable menstrual cycle. The main symptom of hormonal imbalance in women is the disruption of the menstrual cycle. Menstruation may be irregular, last too long, or, conversely, be short-lived. The nature of menstrual flow may also not correspond to the norm - it may be too abundant or scanty. There are cases when menstruation is completely absent for several months. This effect is often found in girls and women who follow a strict diet and suffer from anorexia nervosa.
2. Disorders of the central nervous system. This sign of hormonal imbalance manifests itself, first of all, in severe nervousness, a tendency to melancholy and depression for no apparent reason, an unstable mental state, sudden and frequent mood swings, and a constant pessimistic mood. Uncontrollable attacks of aggression, unusual for a woman up to this point, may occur. Hormonal imbalance is characterized by a painful reaction to things that previously did not cause stress and moral decline. An exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome is characteristic, especially its painful and nervous course.
3. A sharp increase in body weight. Hormonal imbalances can manifest themselves in a sudden increase overweight, at the same time, body weight cannot be controlled and corrected. A woman cannot eliminate body fat by using physical activity and compliance strict diet. There are cases where weight did not fall even after prolonged fasting. This symptom does not depend on how a woman eats and what foods are included in her diet. Excess weight appears for no apparent reason.
4. Decreased libido levels. Women have lingering headaches, libido decreases, sometimes to the point of its complete absence. There may be antipathy towards a regular partner, an acute reluctance to have sexual contact with him. Any caresses that previously brought a woman into sexual arousal turn out to be ineffective and often irritating when there is a hormonal imbalance. The secretion of mucous secretion from the vagina is disrupted during sexual intercourse, as well as during the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Sexual intercourse may be accompanied by severe vaginal dryness and irritability, and unpleasant and painful sensations during friction.
5. Signs of the condition of hair and nails. With hormonal imbalance, women often experience rapid hair loss, thinning and a general painful condition. The same thing happens with nails: they begin to break, peel off, have a yellowish or gray tint, and a distinctly unhealthy appearance.
6. Skin rashes. The main concomitant of hormonal disorders is a change in the condition of the skin of the face, back and chest. Hormonal rash and acne often appear. Acne does not respond well to any treatment. Cleaning, cryomassage, and the use of medications aimed at eliminating the rash are ineffective. In some cases, women experience a change hairline on the body. Hair grows intensively and thickly, which causes an additional aesthetic defect.
7. Sleep disturbances. Hormonal imbalance is often accompanied by acute disorders sleep. Prolonged insomnia, inability to fall asleep for a long time, anxious, sensitive sleep may appear, frequent awakenings during night sleep. Increased fatigue is noted, while a woman can lead a calm lifestyle and not be subjected to special physical and mental stress.
8. Problems from outside reproductive function. The most difficult sign of hormonal imbalance for a woman may be the inability to conceive and bear a healthy child. With hormonal imbalance, there is a long-term impossibility of fertilization, recurrent miscarriages, and fading of pregnancy in the early stages.

You should be aware that self-treatment of endocrine disorders may worsen the problem rather than solve it. If you find one or more signs of hormonal imbalance, be sure to contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist who can prescribe the correct treatment for you after an in-person examination, checking tests and assessing the clinical picture. Do not prescribe under any circumstances oral contraceptives on one's own. All of them contain certain dosages of hormones that suppress ovulation, and those drugs that have not caused side effects in others may bring them to you. Remember that hormonal levels are individual for every woman, and only an experienced doctor can help you choose the right contraceptives and medications.

All life cycles the human body are directly related to physiological changes hormonal levels that ensure growth and reproduction, development and withering.

The importance of the normal state of hormonal levels is difficult to overestimate, since the endocrine system has a decisive influence on many functions of the central nervous system (emotions, feelings, memory, physical and intellectual performance), and also participates in the regulation of the work of all vital functions. important organs.

Initially, pathology was called “hormonal imbalance” endocrine system in women, which was clinically manifested primarily by menstrual irregularities.

However, recently the phrase “hormonal imbalance” is increasingly used to refer to various kinds of troubles associated with disturbances of endocrine regulation in men.

The fact is that, despite all the differences in the structure of the reproductive system, hormonal imbalances cause both men and women to have many similar symptoms that have a systemic manifestation (disorders of the central nervous activity, obesity, osteoporosis, development of severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, etc.).

Causes of hormonal imbalance in women and men

Causes hormonal imbalances men and women are very diverse. First of all, it should be noted that hormonal levels are the result of a complex interaction between the central system of neuroendocrine regulation located in the brain (the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary system) and endocrine glands located on the periphery (male and female gonads).

So, according to their origin, all factors of hormonal imbalance can be divided into:
1. Causes associated with disturbances of central regulation.
2. Causes due to pathology of peripheral glands (infectious and inflammatory diseases, congenital hypoplasia (underdevelopment), tumors, injuries, etc.).

Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, in turn, can be caused by its direct organic damage(severe traumatic brain injury, tumor, encephalitis), or indirectly influenced by unfavorable external and internal factors (chronic fatigue syndrome, general exhaustion of the body, etc.).

In addition, the general hormonal background is strongly influenced by endocrine glands that are not directly related to reproduction. This is especially true for the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland.

The causes of hormonal imbalance can be nervous or physical stress, acute infectious diseases, vitamin deficiency. According to statistics, practically healthy girls studying on an intensive schedule (lyceums, gymnasiums, etc.) are at risk.

Clinically, JUM is uterine bleeding that develops in girls during puberty (usually within 2 years after the first menstruation), after a delay in the next menstruation for a period of two weeks to several months.

Such bleeding is usually profuse and leads to severe anemia. Sometimes SMCs are not abundant, but long-lasting (10-15 days).

Severe repeated bleeding can be complicated by an imbalance between the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood (DIC), against the background of which the bleeding intensifies even more - this condition poses an immediate threat to life and requires emergency medical care.

Signs of hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age

Amenorrhea

Long absence menstruation not associated with pregnancy or lactation in women of reproductive age is called amenorrhea, and indicates a hormonal imbalance.

According to the mechanism of occurrence they distinguish:
1. Amenorrhea of ​​central origin.
2. Amenorrhea associated with dysfunction of the adrenal cortex.
3. Amenorrhea caused by ovarian pathology.

Severe amenorrhea of ​​central origin can lead to mental trauma, as well as physical exhaustion caused long illness or nutritional factors (prolonged fasting). In addition, direct damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary system is possible due to injuries, infectious-inflammatory or oncological processes.

In such cases, hormonal imbalance occurs against a background of nervous and physical exhaustion, and is accompanied by symptoms of bradycardia, hypotension, and anemia.

Amenorrhea can also be one of the manifestations of Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. In such cases, hormonal imbalance leads to severe damage to many organs and systems. Patients have a very specific appearance: Cushingoid obesity (moon-shaped purplish-red face, fat deposits on the neck and upper body with atrophy of the muscles of the limbs), male-pattern hair growth, purple stretch marks on the body. In addition, arterial hypertension and osteoporosis are characteristic, and glucose tolerance is reduced.

Itsenko-Cushing syndrome indicates overproduction of adrenal hormones, so its cause may be neoplasms that secrete these hormones, or pituitary tumors that stimulate the synthesis of steroids in the adrenal glands.

However, the so-called functional hypercortisolism (pseudo-Cushing syndrome) occurs quite often, when hormonal imbalance is caused by functional disorders activities of the neuroendocrine system associated with obesity, alcoholism, and neuropsychiatric diseases.

The most common cause of ovarian amenorrhea is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can occur under the influence of stress factors such as the onset of sexual activity, abortion, childbirth, etc. In addition to amenorrhea, the leading symptom of hormonal imbalance in PCOS is obesity, reaching the second or third degree, as well as male-pattern hair growth (on the upper lip, chin, and inner thighs). Very characteristic features There are also dystrophies of the skin and its appendages (striae on the skin of the abdomen, chest and thighs; brittle nails, hair loss). Subsequently, disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism develop - there is a tendency to develop atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus second type.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age occurs, most often, as a result of hormonal imbalance caused by nervous or mental stress, infectious diseases, abortion, etc.

In this case, the normal periodicity of the menstrual cycle is disrupted, and a predisposition to malignant neoplasms of the endometrium arises. The ability to conceive and carry a child normally is reduced in women with DUB.

This kind of hormonal imbalance most often occurs after 30 years, but it can also develop in young girls. The causes of PMS are not fully understood. Hereditary predisposition is of great importance (the family nature of the pathology is often traced). Provoking factors are often abortions, severe nervous shock, and infectious diseases.

Risk factors for the development of PMS are exposure to stress and physical inactivity (living in large cities, intellectual work, sedentary lifestyle life), as well as unhealthy diet, chronic gynecological diseases and damage to the central nervous system (trauma, neuroinfection).

PMS gets its name from the time of occurrence: symptoms appear several days before the onset of menstruation, reaching a maximum on the first day menstrual bleeding, and completely disappear with the end. However, in severe cases, progression of PMS is observed - its duration increases, and the light intervals decrease.

Conditionally everything PMS symptoms can be divided into several groups:
1. Neurosis-like disorders: irritability, tendency to depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance (drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night).
2. Migraine-like syndrome: severe headache, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Signs of metabolic disorders (swelling of the face and limbs).
4. Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia (lability of pulse and blood pressure, flatulence).

In severe cases, vegetative-vascular disorders occur as sympathoadrenal crises (unmotivated attacks of fear of death, accompanied by increased blood pressure and increased heart rate, ending with copious urination). Such crises indicate involvement of the adrenal medulla in the process.

Most women complain of increased sensitivity to odors and painful engorgement of the mammary glands. Often there are disorders of various organs and systems (heart pain, slight increase in body temperature, itchy skin, allergic manifestations).

Today, the list of symptoms of hormonal imbalance during PMS has exceeded 200 items, but psycho-emotional disorders are the most common. At the same time, depression is more typical for young women, and irritability is more typical for mature women.

Hormonal imbalance in women after abortion

Hormonal imbalance is one of the most common complications of abortion. It is caused by both a serious mental shock and a disruption of the complex neuroendocrine restructuring of the body, which begins in the first weeks of pregnancy.

As a general rule, with abortions in first-time mothers, the likelihood of complications is much higher, regardless of the method of termination. Of course, the earlier the intervention was performed, the lower the risk.

But if we are talking about medical abortion, then in this case hormonal disruption occurs during the intervention itself. That's why after medical abortion Be sure to carry out a course of hormonal therapy to restore the cycle.

Normally, the menstrual cycle should resume one month after the abortion. If this does not happen, you should immediately consult a doctor.

In addition, symptoms of hormonal imbalance after an abortion are:

• weight gain;
• the appearance of stretch marks on the skin;
• symptoms from the nervous system (irritability, headache, fatigue, depression);
• instability of blood pressure and pulse, sweating.

Hormonal imbalance in women after childbirth

After childbirth, a physiological restructuring of the body occurs, which takes quite a lot of time. a long period time. Therefore, the time it takes to restore a normal menstrual cycle is highly variable, even in cases where a woman is not breastfeeding.

Weight gain after childbirth during lactation is physiological - it is a side effect of hormones that stimulate milk production. Therefore, lactating women can only be advised to move more, and also to exclude easily digestible high-calorie foods (sweets, baked goods, etc.). During lactation, diets are contraindicated.

As a rule, after a period of feeding, weight gradually decreases as hormonal levels return to normal.

If during the post-lactation period, despite dietary restrictions and normal physical activity, your weight does not return to normal, you can suspect the presence of a hormonal imbalance.

Thus, you should consult a doctor in cases where the following symptoms are observed after childbirth and the end of the lactation period:

• unmotivated weight gain;
• signs of virilization (male pattern hair growth);
• irregular menstrual cycle, spotting bleeding between periods;
• symptoms of neurosis (headaches, irritability, drowsiness, etc.).

Such a hormonal imbalance after childbirth can be triggered by various unfavorable factors: stress, acute infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic somatic ailments, gynecological pathology, overwork.

Signs of hormonal imbalance in women during menopause

Menopause is the period of attenuation of reproductive function. In women, it begins after 45 years of age and continues until the end of life. Irregular menstruation after 45 years is considered a physiological phenomenon if it does not lead to heavy bleeding and is not accompanied by any unpleasant symptoms. It should be noted that for many women, the cessation of menstruation occurs suddenly and painlessly.

However, physiological decline of reproductive function today is less common than the so-called menopausal syndrome - a symptom complex caused by hormonal imbalance.

According to the time of onset, all symptoms of pathological menopause are divided into the following groups:
1. Early - appear two to three years before menopause (complete cessation of menstruation).
2. Delayed - develops over two to three years after menopause.
3. Late - occur five or more years after menopause.

TO early signs include the most characteristic symptom of hormonal imbalance during menopausal syndrome - the so-called hot flashes, which are attacks of heat, especially strongly felt in the facial area.

Other early symptoms of pathological menopause are in many ways similar to the signs of hormonal imbalance during premenstrual syndrome: psychoemotional disorders (irritability, depression, increased fatigue), vegetative-vascular pathology (palpitations, lability of blood pressure, pain in the heart), possible attacks of headaches reminiscent of migraine.

Delayed symptoms are associated with a deficiency of female hormones - estrogen. Estrogen deficiency causes dystrophic lesions skin and its appendages.

These processes, as a rule, are most pronounced in relation to the mucous membranes of the female genital organs, and lead to the development of a complex of urogenital disorders (vaginal dryness, drooping of its walls, pain during sexual intercourse, discomfort during urination, urinary incontinence), in severe cases they occur inflammatory processes (cystitis, vulvovaginitis).

In addition, increased dry skin, brittle nails, and hair loss are often observed.

Late symptoms of hormonal imbalance during pathological menopause are signs of a gross disturbance of metabolic processes. The most typical are systemic osteoporosis, disorders of lipid metabolism (vascular atherosclerosis) and carbohydrate metabolism (decreased glucose tolerance, development of type 2 diabetes mellitus).

The causes of hormonal imbalances during pathological menopause are not fully understood. However, the importance has been proven hereditary predisposition. Stress, poor diet, physical inactivity, and bad habits (smoking, frequent alcohol abuse) are identified as provoking factors.

The risk group for the development of pathological menopause includes women with the following pathologies:
1. Neuroendocrine disorders: premenstrual syndrome, toxicosis of pregnancy and dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the anamnesis.
2. Diseases of the central nervous system: neuroinfections, neuroses, mental illnesses.
3. Gynecological pathologies: chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, endometriosis.
4. Complicated obstetric history: abortions, miscarriages, difficult births.

Causes of hormonal imbalance in men

Male sex hormones (androgens) are produced in the sex glands - the testicles. Their products ensure the development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys, as well as tall growth, powerful muscles, and aggressiveness.

Interestingly, for the normal functioning of the male body, female sex hormones (estrogens) are also needed, so the blood of a healthy man contains more estrogens than the blood of a woman during menopause.

Clinical studies have proven that it is estrogens that ensure normal libido (sexual desire decreases with both an excess and a lack of female sex hormones in men). In addition, estrogens are responsible for normal sperm maturation and cognitive abilities, and also influence lipid metabolism. Another important function of estrogens is to provide normal exchange calcium in bones.

Most of the estrogens in the male body are formed as a result of the transformation of testosterone in the liver and adipose tissue. Only a small percentage is synthesized directly in the gonads.

In men, as well as in women, the regulation of the activity of the gonads is coordinated with the help of a complex hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Thus, hormonal imbalances in men can occur as a result of direct damage to the testicles ( congenital anomalies, injuries, infectious and inflammatory processes, etc.) and in case of dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Accordingly, primary and secondary hypogonadism are distinguished (primary and secondary failure production of male sex hormones).

Secondary hypogonadism (hormonal deficiency of central origin) in men occurs for the same reasons as in women (tumors of the hypothalamic-pituitary zone, trauma, neuroinfections, birth defects development).

In addition, hormonal imbalance in men may be associated with an increase in the formation of estrogen from testosterone. This often happens during chronic intoxication, when the metabolism of androgens in the liver is disrupted and their transformation into estrogens increases (chronic alcoholism, drug use, professional contact with certain poisons, exposure to radiation).

Less commonly, insufficiency male hormones can be caused by endocrine pathologies (hyperthyroidism), hormone-active tumors, severe damage to the liver and kidneys, occurring with intoxication (uremia, liver failure).

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in men

Puberty

Just like in women, untimely (too early or too late) sexual development occurs in men. Despite the difference in the structure of the sexes, the causes and symptoms of untimely development are similar.

Precocious sexual development (PPD) in boys is usually associated with neoplasms of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Constitutional early sexual development also occurs. With PPD, secondary sexual characteristics in boys appear before the age of 7-8 years, increased growth is observed, which suddenly stops at adolescence due to premature ossification of bone growth zones.

There are also false PPR associated with pathology of the adrenal cortex. In such cases, it is combined with obesity and other signs of metabolic disorders. Similar clinical picture develops when eating foods containing large amounts of hormones (milk and meat of animals that have been stimulated with steroid drugs).

Delayed sexual development (DPD) in boys is said to occur when development is delayed by more than two years compared to the average period. Hormonal imbalance in such cases is most often associated with damage to the central nervous system (trauma, infection, intoxication, etc.), endocrine pathology(obesity, thyroid pathology) or severe chronic diseases that lead to general exhaustion of the body.

When making a diagnosis of mental retardation, differential diagnosis should be made with hypogonadism (primary or secondary), and also take into account the possibility of constitutional mental retardation (hereditary developmental features in healthy children).

Symptoms of hormonal imbalances in men of reproductive age

Hormonal imbalances in men of reproductive age, as a rule, occur with absolute or relative hyperestrogenemia, and are manifested by the following symptoms:

• gynecomastia (enlarged mammary glands);
• obesity;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• decreased libido, sexual and reproductive disorders.

Hormonal imbalance can be caused by a variety of reasons: both external (stress, unhealthy image life, overeating, smoking, excessive drinking) and internal (diseases of the central nervous system, endocrine diseases, intoxication, severe liver or kidney damage). Therefore, the clinical picture will be supplemented by signs of the pathology that caused the hormonal imbalance.

Signs of hormonal imbalance during menopause in men

Normally, sexual function in men gradually decreases with age. However, this process is often accompanied by a number of pathological symptoms, the totality of which is called “menopausal syndrome in men.”

With pathological menopause in men, as well as in women, symptoms of disorders of higher nervous activity come first:

• irritability;
• fast fatiguability;
• mood lability with a tendency to depression;
• tearfulness;
• low self-esteem;
• feeling of uselessness;
• panic attacks;
• decreased cognitive and creative abilities.

Another characteristic symptom of pathological menopause in men is a sharp decrease in sexual function, which is accompanied by disorders of the genitourinary system (painful urination, urinary incontinence, etc.).

Hormonal imbalance is manifested by symptoms characteristic of relative hyperestrogenemia: increased mammary glands, there is rapid weight gain with fat deposits female type(on the abdomen, hips, chest), often the type of pubic hair growth resembles that of a woman, hair growth on the face and body stops or weakens.

Dystrophic changes in the musculoskeletal system are rapidly increasing: osteoporosis, sagging and muscle weakness develop, patients complain of pain in the joints and bones.

Disorders of the cardiovascular system are very typical: pain in the heart area, palpitations, hypertension and atherosclerosis develop.

The skin becomes dry and atrophic, nails become brittle, and hair falls out.

Disorders of the vegetative-vascular system resemble the symptoms of female menopause: hot flashes and increased sweating are common.

The development of pathological menopause in men is facilitated by past illnesses central nervous system (traumatic brain injury, neuroinfections, intoxication), pathology of the endocrine system (obesity, thyroid disease), liver disease, unhealthy lifestyle (physical inactivity, poor diet, alcohol abuse, smoking).

Hormonal imbalance can be triggered by severe prolonged nervous tension or severe somatic illness. There is evidence of a hereditary predisposition to hormonal imbalances. In addition, men who have a history of hormonal imbalances (delayed sexual development, sexual dysfunction during the reproductive period) are at risk for the development of pathological menopause.

Diagnostics

If signs of hormonal imbalance appear, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive medical examination, including all the necessary tests to determine the level of hormones, as well as a study of the condition internal organs who could suffer from hormonal imbalance (diagnosis of osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.).

In addition, it is necessary to exclude severe organic pathologies, which often cause hormonal imbalance (hormone-producing tumors, severe damage to the central nervous system, liver cirrhosis with gynecomastia, etc.).

Of course, it must be carried out differential diagnosis between various neuroendocrine disorders (primary or secondary hypogonadism, hormonal deficiency or Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, etc.).

Treatment of hormonal imbalance

In cases where it is possible to radically eliminate the cause of hormonal imbalance (hormone-producing tumor), etiological treatment is carried out.

If the cause cannot be eliminated (menopausal syndrome, primary hypogonadism), hormone replacement therapy is prescribed according to indications.

Hormonal imbalances in women and men during the reproductive period can often be corrected by a course of hormonal medications, in cases where they are not caused by serious organic pathology.

A healthy lifestyle is of great importance in the treatment and prevention of hormonal imbalances in women and men:

• correct daily routine;
• healthy eating;
• dosed physical activity;
• getting rid of bad addictions (smoking, alcoholism, drug use);
• prevention of stress reactions.

According to indications, vitamin therapy, herbal medicine, physiotherapy, and sanatorium treatment are carried out.

16 symptoms of hormonal imbalance that everyone should know in order to take action in time - Video

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Hormonal levels and their changes throughout life

“If you focus on one gland, imagining it and repeating that it is functioning perfectly, you will soon see that its performance has actually improved. The concentration method should be used regularly (preferably every day). This will only take you a few minutes – in the morning and before bed.”

Justit Glass

Let us remember that hormones are biologically active substances, produced by the endocrine glands, as well as some organs of the exocrine system. Their level has a strong impact on the functioning of the human body, because they are involved in many vital processes occurring inside us. The activities of the hormonal and nervous systems are inextricably linked. By their chemical nature, hormones are proteins, steroids, amino acid derivatives, and peptides.

The purpose of this chapter is to find out how and why hormonal levels change and how to maintain them at normal levels.

Hormonal background is a set of hormones in the human body, the ratio and quantity of which changes under the influence of the internal and external environment. Internal environmental factors include age, emotions, diseases, developmental anomalies, etc. External influences are exerted by climatic conditions, ecology, radiation, etc.

It is generally accepted that a person’s hormonal levels change between the ages of 25 and 45 years. The explanation for this is simple - age-related changes in the body. And since everyone wants to be healthy, you need to constantly monitor the level of hormones, organize your diet correctly - in such a way that everyone necessary vitamins and microelements entered the body in the required quantities and on time. And, in addition, regularly consult a doctor.

However, our endocrine system is vast, and therefore its different organs are often examined by different specialists. It turns out that doctors are simply trying to “tear our body into pieces.” But everyone knows: what suits one organ can have a detrimental effect on another (as they say, “We treat one thing, cripple another”). And therefore, I would really like that in the future doctors could find an alternative to this approach, find a way to holistically consider such a serious and important problem, like hormonal levels and their changes throughout life.

Probably many of you have noticed that in different times We feel differently every year. This is a consequence of changes in hormonal levels. For example, with the onset of winter, many processes in the human body slow down (it seems that some organs seem to go into hibernation!).

With the onset of spring, the body begins to “gain momentum”, its activity increases, and much more energy is required. It is this time that is marked by a hormonal explosion, which is accompanied by increased sensitivity of pain receptors.

The lifestyle and stress on the body may remain the same, but a person feels differently, since the main role here is played by the biological laws by which our body lives. It is at this time that vitamin deficiency begins to appear.

As a rule, changes in hormonal levels affect both men and women. The latter, by the way, even more so.

It is known that couples who want to have offspring first need to put the hormone levels in their bodies in order. Firstly, a woman will experience fewer difficulties during pregnancy; and secondly, the likelihood of a healthy baby being born increases (about the relationship expectant mother and a child on hormonal level you will find out below).

Another thing we can say about the female hormonal background is that it is not constant. Every month a different amount of hormones is produced - there is no specific norm, because our internal organs are not automatic machines.

An increase in hormonal levels occurs during pregnancy: greatest number hormones are produced in the first trimester, the next two are not marked by violent surges, but in the period from the fourth to the ninth months of pregnancy, the expectant mother’s body gradually begins to get used to the level produced in the first weeks after conception.

There are many glands that produce hormones in our body, but the thyroid gland and pituitary gland can rightfully be called one of the main ones. Hormones tend to have high biological activity and are directly associated with proteins. They are formed in the body in small quantities - the count goes to tenths of a gram (they are measured in micrograms), they affect the body through the blood, i.e. humorally. Their action depends on many conditions - timely intake of all necessary vitamins into the body; the required concentration of potassium, calcium, iodine, phosphorus, etc. ions. Therefore, such important role nutrition plays a role (for example, some amino acids are not synthesized by our body, but their presence in the foods we eat can compensate for the deficiency).

The endocrine system of our body consists of eight parts: the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands and reproductive organs (gonads), pituitary gland, thymus gland and pineal gland.

All of them perform endocrine functions. Their activities, directly dependent on each other, ensure the normal functioning of the body. Each part has its own specific function. The pituitary gland is responsible for the production of hormones that regulate the activity of the remaining endocrine glands.

Thyroid hormones regulate the processes of growth, development and metabolism in the body's cells. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium metabolism in the body. The adrenal glands are divided into two sections, each of which produces certain hormones that affect various processes: the adrenal cortex produces sex hormones, as well as hormones that regulate protein, fat, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism s; V medulla– adrenaline and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the normal functioning of the heart, blood glucose levels, body temperature and pressure.

Pancreatic hormones affect the metabolism of carbohydrates and other substances in the body. The gonads provide the formation of germ cells and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The pineal gland (pineal gland) regulates rhythmic or cyclic processes. Finally, the thymus gland produces hormones that ensure the proliferation of immune system cells. Now we can talk about each gland in more detail.

The pituitary gland is considered the “eldest” gland in our body. It is located at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland consists of three parts, each of which produces its own hormones. Hormones of the anterior lobe are divided into two groups: tropic and prolactin. Prolactin is responsible for the growth of mammary glands. Tropic hormones are similar to tissues and organs.

In turn, tropic hormones come in several types. Somatotropin, for example, is responsible for the formation of protein in the body, thereby increasing body weight and influencing the growth and development of cartilage and bone tissue. If it is not enough, then the person suffers from sexual insufficiency, and in boys the deviation occurs twice as often as in girls. Also, with its deficiency, dwarfism is observed. Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones, the human body produces sex cells: in men - androgens, in women - estrogen, which stimulates the production of male hormones. Thyroid-stimulating hormones are the thyroid gland’s own hormones; their deficiency leads to its atrophy.

Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) are hormones that influence the activity of the adrenal cortex; This hormone is characterized by daily fluctuations: in the morning it is produced less than in the evening. The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland produces one type of hormone - melanotropin (the hormone responsible for pigmentation). The posterior lobe produces oxytocin (an interesting feature of which is that if a man’s content exceeds the norm, then he chooses one girlfriend for life. Consequently, if there is little oxytocin, then companions change very often. In women, this hormone affects the muscles uterus and milk secretion by the mammary gland) and antidiuretin (a hormone responsible for urine secretion and vasoconstriction; its second name is vasopressin). It is worth dwelling on the last hormone in more detail: with its deficiency, it develops diabetes insipidus, accompanied by severe thirst and the release of large amounts of urine (4 liters per day or more).

The pituitary gland secretes seven hormones: three of them - effector hormones, somatotropin (responsible for growth), prolactin (luteotropic and melanocyte-stimulating hormones) - have a direct effect on target tissues and organs.

The remaining four hormones are called triple hormones (adrenocorticotropic, luteinizing, thyroid-stimulating (in some sources: thyroid-stimulating) and follicle-stimulating), affecting the peripheral endocrine glands. The production of somatotropin is clearly regulated by the hormones of the hypothalamus (releasing hormones and inhibitory hormones somatostatins). This hormone, as noted above, is responsible for the growth and development of a young body.

With the onset of puberty, growth hormone (GH) continues to be released, but no longer has an effect on bone growth. With excessive production of somatotropin, an adult develops acromegaly (an increase in the volume of soft tissues, significant changes in bone tissue are possible).

IN at a young age When bones are still growing, the production of this hormone also plays an important role: with an excess of somatotropic hormone, gigantism develops, and with its deficiency, dwarfism (dwarfism). This violation entails not only short stature, but physical and sexual underdevelopment.

As you know, many children are very active creatures, so restricting their movement can often cause tears and hysterics. It turns out that if you constantly prohibit a child from running, jumping, etc., somatotropin will be produced in very small quantities, and this can lead to slower growth and developmental delays.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ensures normal development of the adrenal cortex. It is formed through the action of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Normal production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TG) ensures the growth and development of the thyroid gland and, as a result, regulates the release of its hormones. The production of this hormone directly depends on the amount of iodine-containing thyroxine - the less it is, the higher the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone becomes.

Luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormones and prolactin are gonadotropic (sex) hormones, so their function is clear: puberty, development of the genital organs and processes in the body. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) controls the number of pigment cells in the body and also stimulates the biosynthesis of melanin (skin pigment).

The thyroid gland is one of the main ones in our body, because the general condition of all its components depends on its normal activity! It is laid back in intrauterine development, at 4–5 weeks of pregnancy, and at 1.5–2 months, the normal development of the fetus depends on its hormonal activity.

Therefore, there is an opinion that during pregnancy, mother and fetus have one hormonal tongue. The thyroid gland produces two thyroid hormones (hormones containing iodine): thyroxine (T4), which has 4 iodine atoms; and triiodothyronine (T3) - it has 3 iodine atoms, respectively. Metabolism depends on the production of these hormones, since they are stimulators of fat oxidation.

The formation of thyroid hormones directly depends on the amount of iodine entering the body.

There is a so-called daily requirement for iodine, which corresponds to a particular age. In the first year of life, children require 50 mcg of iodine per day (i.e., 2–3 g of iodized salt); from 2 to 6 years – 90 mcg (respectively 4–5 g); 7 – 12 years – 120 mcg of iodine; from 12 years and older (adults) – 150 mcg of iodine; Pregnant and lactating women should consume approximately 200 mcg of iodine per day, i.e. 10–12 grams of iodized salt (naturally, because this daily dose is divided into two: mother and fetus). It is not necessary to add iodized salt to your food; you just need to eat natural foods that contain it.

These include: seafood (shrimp, cod, haddock, herring, salmon, kelp ( seaweed), oysters, mussels, etc.); some fruits also contain iodine (feijoa, persimmon, which, by the way, is better to eat unripe, astringent, because, according to scientists, the iodine content in it is much higher than in ripe or overripe); milk, yeast (beer and culinary). Iodized salt is convenient because it does not change the taste of dishes, is an accessible, inexpensive product, and is also excellent for preserving individual foods.

Recent studies show that the thyroid gland normally produces just required amount hormones for the functioning of the whole organism. Therefore, even the slightest disruption of its functioning causes an immediate response from the organs. Insufficient activity of the thyroid gland is noticeable in the literal sense of this expression: pale and rough skin, its constant peeling, mood fluctuates from good nature to apathy, all reactions are slow. By the way, a lack or complete absence of thyroxine in the body leads to a deterioration in memory and mood.

Hypothyroidism occurs, which in the case of untimely application Seeing a doctor, refusing a thorough examination and neglecting treatment and prevention can develop into a more severe form - hypothyroid coma (severe iodine deficiency in the body). As a rule, this disease manifests itself in the cold season, more often in older people.

Among other things, hypothyroid coma can occur due to taking certain drugs in prescribed doses.

Hypothyroidism is very difficult to detect in older people because the symptoms are similar to other diseases. Therefore, special tests are prescribed, one of them is to check the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyroxine) in the blood. This hormone itself is produced by the pituitary gland, but thanks to it the formation of thyroid hormones occurs.

An overactive thyroid gland causes itchy skin and red spots on the legs. A violation can also be indicated by heavy sweating at normal temperatures and without additional physical activity.

Very often, people with a diseased thyroid gland become irritable and sensitive to everything. The lifestyle of a modern person provokes a malfunction of all endocrine glands. Therefore, therapists recommend that everyone, without exception, arrange a preventive visit to an endocrinologist from time to time.

There is a known case in which a woman underwent surgery on the thyroid gland. After that, her whole life changed. She completely lost control of her emotions, which caused difficulty communicating with others. You can remain in this state for as long as you like until you pull yourself together and begin systematic treatment.

Why does our mood depend on the thyroid gland? The lack of iodine-containing hormones, accompanied by a slowdown in basal metabolism, causes insufficient energy supply to brain cells.

Hence all the external manifestations: apathy, drowsiness, dullness in the eyes, gray skin, irritability, etc. This disorder is called hypothyroidism. It is one of the reasons why people very often begin to gain weight and “puff up.”

This condition is the opposite of overly active work of the thyroid gland, i.e. hyperthyroidism: there seems to be a lot of energy, but the person quickly gets tired of even the simplest work. Also possible frequent change mood: crying can turn into a fit of laughter, and a nice conversation with a loved one turns into a furious scream, and then into a lot of apologies for it. A person ceases to control his emotions. The patient is very often haunted by a state where he feels either hot or cold.

According to statistics, women suffer from thyroid disorders approximately 4-5 times more often than men. Almost every tenth woman who reaches 40 years of age is susceptible to a decrease or increase in thyroid function. Therefore, for women who have reached this age, doctors strongly recommend that, along with consulting a gynecologist, an endocrinologist also conducts an examination in order to detect an endocrine disorder at an early stage of its manifestation.

Throughout life, hormonal levels can change due to diseases, which will be discussed later in the book. There is an opinion that hormonal levels may also depend on geographical features. For example, let’s take thyroxine (remember, the thyroid hormone): people living in the area of ​​Lake Issyk-Kul have this hormone in excess (up to 49 g!), while Africans, on the contrary, suffer from its deficiency. What explains this is unknown.

In Russia there are also “disadvantaged” regions where people suffer from iodine deficiency, which, in turn, leads to serious disorders in the body. A pronounced lack of iodine can be seen in the Republic of Tyva (South-East Russia); average severity in Yakutia (Republic of Sakha), Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, Tyumen, Tambov and Voronezh regions; mild endemic - in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Bryansk, Kaluga, Novosibirsk, Oryol, Tver, Tula and Yaroslavl regions. If iodine reserves are not replenished, this can lead to the development of mental retardation of varying degrees of severity.

At first, the epiphysis (pineal body) was not perceived by people as a full-fledged organ. It was considered simply an appendage that people inherited from reptiles. But when it was discovered that this appendage produces hormones, many became interested in it.

The pineal gland is located above the brain and consists of glandular cells that produce melatonin (night hormone) and serotonin (day hormone), which indicates their connection with lighting. When a person goes to bed late, in the morning he remains sleepy and lethargic for a very long time, all this happens because melatonin has not had time to be utilized during sleep. This hormone is also responsible for mood. Among other things, melatonin is an antagonist of melanocyte-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland; it inhibits the development of the gonads.

Serotonin is not only a light hormone. It turns out that our good mood, sleep and even appetite depend on its content in the body. Serotonin levels increase after eating a meal enriched with proteins and carbohydrates. Scientists believe that serotonin affects cancer cells and stimulates their self-destruction. Perhaps in the future a new option will be found to combat cancer.

The parathyroid (parathyroid) gland is located behind the thyroid gland and produces parathyroid hormones (parathyroidocrines), which, as mentioned above, regulate the exchange of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

In addition, calcium enhances the function of osteoclasts (bone cells), which destroy bone tissue, and also participates in the process of excitation of nervous and muscle tissue. A deficiency or excess of parathyroid hormone also causes changes in the body.

Insufficient production of it causes a decrease in the calcium content in the blood, but the phosphorus content, on the contrary, increases. This is accompanied by convulsive muscle contractions, constant headaches and ringing in the ears. Along with this, disorders of the nervous system also appear. Hypoparathyroidism occurs. If all this is not stopped in time, then the consequences may not be the most pleasant: the violations, progressing, can lead to fatal outcome! Excess parathyroidcrine leads to hyperparathyroidism, which develops against the background of tumors of the parathyroid glands, and the bone structure is disrupted; unlike hypoparathyroidism, calcium levels are increased; felt constant weakness, depression, gastrointestinal disorders.

The adrenal glands also produce a variety of hormones that affect the cardiovascular, reproductive, excretory and nervous systems, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. The adrenal glands have two layers: the outer, cortical, and the inner, medulla. The cells of the medulla (epinephrocytes) produce the well-known hormone adrenaline, which is of considerable importance for humans (it takes part in the work of the heart, controls blood glucose levels and carbohydrate metabolism), and in norepinephrocytes - norepinephrine (a hormone that maintains blood vessels in tone , as well as transmitting excitation from nerve fibers to organs).

It turns out that this hormone is produced in greater quantities in those who regularly exercise. This promotes overall calm and less susceptibility to stress, during which the concentration of adrenaline and norepinephrine increases, and the hormones have a depressing effect on the brain's appetite centers. The adrenal cortex has three zones that produce certain hormones: the outer, middle and inner zones.

The result of the production of the outer zone is mineralocorticoids, for example aldosterone, which is involved in electrolyte metabolism and changes the permeability of cell membranes to potassium and sodium ions. IN middle zone glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisone, hydrocortisone and cortisol) are produced, regulating glycogen content in the liver and muscles. And finally, the inner zone specializes in sex hormones: androgens in men and estrogens in women.

Serious disorders in the body can be caused by hypo- (decreased) or hyperfunction (increased) concentrations of glucocorticoids in the body. Excess cortisol, for example, leads to obesity, fluid retention, and hypertension. Decreased adrenal function (as well as decreased corticosteroid levels) has a very harmful influence per person - the body acquires a bronze color, blood pressure drops, and chronic fatigue syndrome develops, i.e., sure signs of Addison's disease. Excess aldosterone leads to increased blood pressure, fluid retention, etc.

Deficient production is accompanied by dehydration, loss of sodium and increased potassium levels in the blood and tissues. Just like the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands regulate sweating, so its excess indicates various disorders. If there is an excess of cortisone in women, such a serious disease as partial virilia can occur. It is accompanied by the manifestation of secondary male sexual characteristics (a gradual decrease in the size of the mammary glands up to complete atrophy, deepening of the voice, male-type hair growth, etc.). In addition, it is known that less cortisone is produced at night than during the day. And according to some information, it alleviates the course of the childhood disease diphtheria (croup).

The second name of the adrenal glands is “the glands of confrontation and survival”, because thanks to their hormones our body is provided with energy and strength.

Hormonal levels change throughout life, and in order to maintain them normally, it is necessary to constantly visit an endocrinologist who will check the functional state of the endocrine system and, if necessary, prescribe appropriate drugs or their analogues plant origin. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe adherence to a certain diet, but this is only if only a disorder has arisen that is the cause of the development of the disease.

The pancreas is “two-faced”, since it carries out both intrasecretory and exocrine functions, which indicates its involvement in both the exocrine and endocrine systems.

The pancreas contains the islets of Langerhans, clusters of hormonal cells that produce insulin and glucagon (hormones that regulate blood sugar levels). The islets are very small in size, but include cells A, B, D and PP, the hormones of which regulate three main metabolisms in the body: fat, protein and carbohydrates. Insulin is a secretion of B cells. This hormone is known to reduce sugar levels. If its production is disrupted, then a serious disease such as diabetes may occur.

But there is another one interesting fact: Since B cells are made up of two parts, the secretion is slightly different. In the first part, proinsulin is produced, which goes directly into the blood; it's difficult to say which hormonal function it delivers, especially considering it's virtually inactive. In the second part, the main product is the familiar insulin. B cells process proinsulin, after which C-peptides are eliminated in the Golgi complex.

As a result of this reaction, active insulin appears, which is then combined into secretory granules, which are released into the blood if necessary. As you can see, the process of insulin formation is quite complex and long. Normally, the blood content of insulin is 95%, and proinsulin is only 5%. According to research, the release of insulin into the blood occurs when glucose levels rise sharply. The following body reactions are included: with the help of insulin cell membranes become more permeable to glucose, which facilitates its absorption and production of glycogen, which is deposited in the muscles and liver. This significantly reduces the sugar content.

The “enemy” (antagonist) of insulin, the hormone glucagon, is produced by A-cells. The mechanism of its action is exactly the opposite. This hormone increases sugar levels by pulling glycogen from the muscles and liver.

Glucagon and insulin, in addition to regulating glucose levels, are controllers of the activity of the entire pancreas. At the same time, they still help each other: glucagon inhibits the production of digestive enzymes and blocks their release from cells, while insulin stimulates their synthesis.

D cells of the islets of Langerhans are producers of somatostatin, a hormone that acts within the pancreas. Thanks to it, protein synthesis decreases, and digestive enzymes cannot be released from the cells of the digestive gland.

A lack of insulin is accompanied by an increase in blood sugar levels, which inevitably leads to the development of diabetes mellitus, which is one of the incurable diseases. But relatively recently, a simply unique operation from a medical point of view was performed! A girl suffering from severe diabetes received a kidney and some parts of the donor's pancreas. This breakthrough is truly important: the patient, who had been on drugs for a long time, got rid of insulin dependence, as he acquired functionally healthy organs.

In principle, when a person undergoes an annual medical examination, doctors should refer him to check his blood sugar levels, which is often used recently, although this may depend on the qualifications of the doctor.

The gonads (sex glands) secrete hormones that influence the formation of secondary sexual characteristics.

Hormones begin to be produced by the body as early as prenatal period. At the beginning of pregnancy, female hormones are produced inside the fetus, but this does not mean that a girl will be born. Gradually, male hormones (androgens) begin to be produced, the amount of which decreases by the time the formation of a male child is completed. At the time of birth, the amount of male and female sex hormones in the body of children (both boys and girls) is approximately the same.

Gradually, the level of male hormones increases and at about three months of age the child reaches its maximum level. The role of this hormonal surge is not yet fully understood. Male sex hormones - testosterone and dihydrotestosterone - are secreted by glandular cells of the testicle.

Unlike men, women produce more hormones: gonadotropin, progesterone and estrogen (testosterone is also present in small quantities). Gonadotropin and estrogen are formed in the granular layer of the ovarian follicles. Their functions are reduced to maintaining the growth and development of germ cells. Progesterone is produced in the cells of the corpus luteum. Thanks to progesterone, the lining of the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg. But estrogen can prevent women from developing cardiovascular diseases.

During menopause, however, the amount of hormone produced gradually decreases, which is the cause of heart problems. Therefore, estrogen replacement therapy is often prescribed here, the consequences of which will be reflected in the fourth chapter of our book. A study of men who additionally took estrogen-containing drugs did not reveal the same protective effect as in women.

As for the male hormone testosterone, there is an interesting fact about it. Recent research by Yale University scientists has shown that excessive use of steroids (artificial hormones that increase muscle mass) can increase testosterone levels in the body! And as you know, this can lead to very serious consequences: death of brain neurons, changes in behavior, even attempted suicide. A similar reaction was observed in most cases in men, but experiments with estrogen (a female hormone) did not give a similar result. This is explained by the fact that an increased concentration of testosterone, when exposed to nerve cells, “programs” them to self-destruct.

In principle it's quite useful process for the body - to destroy excess cells, but everything should be in moderation, however, during the period of taking steroids, the “sense of proportion” is disrupted. According to research, the symptoms accompanying these reactions are similar to those of Alzheimer's disease. So this hormone can be called a killer of those people who do not know the limits in using steroids. But the troubles of athletes do not end there: male hormones are the basis for the production of female ones. Therefore, additional intake of drugs containing testosterone also leads to the development of gynecomastia (enlarged mammary glands, increased timbre of the voice). A decrease in testosterone levels in the blood leads to an increase in estrogen levels and, as a consequence, the development of erectile dysfunction.

Testosterone plays an important role for a man, since the normal level of production of this hormone contributes to the natural growth of muscle mass, lengthening of bones, increase in cartilage and, as a result, the coarsening of the voice at a certain age. A significant involuntary decrease in the level of this hormone can lead to obesity. But female hormones expand the pelvis (which is why women usually have wider pelvises than men). Well, and last but not least, an unauthorized decrease in the level of hormones in the body.

It's no secret that constant or periodic consumption of alcohol affects not only appearance a person, but also on the functioning of internal organs (for example, hormonal levels change very much). True, the absence of testosterone also has its advantage - in this case, a person gets rid of acne, and the skin becomes clean and smooth. But hormonal deficiency in a man leads to his complete or partial reluctance to have sexual intercourse.

Relatively recently, it was found that such “hormonal impotence” in only ten cases out of a hundred is a consequence of a decrease in the level of testosterone in the blood (and even then through disruption of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland)! It turns out that the main cause of disorders can be ordinary diabetes of various forms of severity!

It is impossible not to notice that male hormones make people more excitable and make them more likely to show aggression towards others. Previously, it was generally accepted that testosterone regulates sperm production, but this turned out not to be the case: this process is stimulated by pituitary hormones (and they also control the production of testosterone itself)! If a man with normal function testicles take androgen-containing drugs for a long time, then over time the testicles completely lose activity and die.

Recently, experiments have been conducted confirming that the production of sex hormones affects not only the behavior of women, but also their mental abilities. And all because more estrogen penetrates into the brain, which leads to the activation of many processes.

Hormone levels rise approximately 10 days after the start of a new menstrual cycle, and by 7 days mental activity rises and the woman becomes more “charming and attractive” (of course, this does not mean that on other days she is stupid and ugly, it’s just during this period that the so-called exacerbation occurs). By the way, the last indicator was assessed by men - they immediately noticed the difference! In addition, this week women become more cunning, one might say, more insidious. They develop a competitive streak, a desire to gossip (dear men, this is exactly the time!) or to say nasty things to someone.

The remaining days of the menstrual cycle may be accompanied by a decrease or exacerbation of hearing, vision, smell, tactile sensitivity, logic; a woman may have poor or good orientation in space. Well, it’s probably not worth talking about the connection between the menstrual cycle and emotions: sudden mood swings and emotional outbursts associated with “critical days” are familiar to many women. It turns out that the emergence stressful situation provokes an increase in the amount of testosterone hormone in the body junior schoolchildren, which in turn increases the activity of the sebaceous glands. Consequently, the pores become clogged and blackheads form.

It is also noted that during normal development, women should produce a small amount of male hormones - this gives the weaker sex its own specific smell. If this does not happen, then the woman (clean, of course) “does not smell” at all.

An interesting situation with hormonal levels was noticed in women during the menstrual cycle: at the beginning of the cycle, women’s bodies produce a large amount of estrogens, on which well-being and memory depend, the level of these hormones increases gradually.

The release of estrogen that occurs during egg maturation (ovulation) can lead to conception. This time is also marked by increased sexual activity. At the end of the ovulation period, another hormone, progesterone, begins to predominate in the body. It is associated with a state of so-called pseudo-pregnancy, which is accompanied by a decrease in attentiveness and activity.

During this period, many women experience a temporary increase in the volume of the mammary glands (engorgement), abdomen and body weight up to 2 kg, which return to normal after the end of the “critical days”. The end of the cycle is marked by a sharp drop in the level of all hormones, which causes a response from the body - regulation (menstruation). In this case, hormone deficiency can again lead to sudden mood swings, insomnia, loss or, on the contrary, increased appetite. Everything goes away with the beginning of a new menstrual cycle: estrogens are formed again and the egg matures. This case provides an example of changes in hormonal levels over the course of about a month. But the regularity of the cycle directly depends not only on the disrupted production of sex hormones, but also on the mental state of the woman.

For example, very often there is a disorder of the menstrual cycle and, as a consequence, its delay (dysmentorrhea) due to strong experiences, the cause of which can be anything (this largely depends on the impressionability of the woman herself). By the way, in the East, women are prohibited from preparing food during the regul. Probably, according to the sages, at this time a woman is not completely clean, because all dead cells leave the body with menstrual flow. Some people are disheartened by this ban, but, dear ladies, sometimes you kindly envy your eastern companions about being excommunicated from the kitchen!

One of the main male reproductive glands is prostate. She plays a big role in a man’s life, it’s not for nothing that she is called the “second heart”.

This gland consists of two parts, one of which - internal - is under the influence of female sex hormones (they are also produced in the male body, but in very small quantities); the second part - cortical - male, regulates the normal functioning of the genital organs. It is the female part that causes a lot of controversy. It has not yet been studied enough, but, apparently, the internal part acquires the greatest importance for a man with the onset of menopause(the restructuring in the body is similar to a female disease - partial virilia, but here everything is not so scary, if only because men practically do not pay attention to these changes), when changes in character, behavior, figure, physique occur.

Disruptions to the endocrine system can cause sexual dysfunction. Therefore, the doctor examining the patient can conduct several tests to determine the level of hormones of the endocrine glands.

As a rule, these are the male sex hormone testosterone and pituitary hormones (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating). There are three different combinations of these hormones.

1. Low levels of production of testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones indicate disorders of the pituitary gland and its insufficient stimulation of the gonads. All accompanying diseases are easily curable.

2. Normal or increased levels of testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones are a signal that the sensitivity of germ cells to androgens is reduced (as a result of which the body produces a large amount of estradiol), and this contributes to the excessive production of prolactin (in this case, its level is also measured), action which has not yet been fully studied in men.

3. Testosterone levels are low, but pituitary hormones are in excess: this indicates testicular defects.

Now let's move on to consider changes in hormonal levels throughout life. First of all, we can say that these changes occur against the background of diseases.

When there is a deficiency or excess of one or another hormone, a restructuring occurs in the body, leading to the development of the disease. Each endocrine gland has its own rate of secretion production, and since they are all interconnected, a corresponding failure occurs throughout the body. It would seem that a person may not notice an excess or deficiency of hormones, but the body feels it instantly, the reaction manifests itself even with a slight deviation from the norm.

First, let's look at the state of the body when the norm is exceeded.

At the level of the pancreas: when excess insulin production occurs (caused by β-cell tumors (insulomas) or diffuse hyperplasia), the disease "psherinsulinism" can occur. Expressed in attacks of hypoglycemia (lack of glucose). Readers will read more about this below.

The next disorder is diabetes mellitus, a very complex and serious disease. The reason for this, unlike the previous one, is an increased level of sugar in the blood, by which the type of diabetes can be determined (first or second). Among other things, diabetes can lead to the development of many ailments associated with the activity of organs not related to the endocrine system. And since it simply makes it difficult to produce insulin, to maintain vital important functions body, doctors prescribe intravenous and subcutaneous administration of an artificial hormone obtained from the pancreas of animals or artificially.

Cause of malfunctions parathyroid glands is, again, insufficient or excessive secretion of one’s own parathyroid hormones.

In general, the entire body suffers from dysfunction of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland regulates the production of hormones by other glands, so a lack of its hormones leads to physical and mental underdevelopment, as well as slow or accelerated work other organs. There are several diseases of the pituitary gland of this type: Simmonds' disease, Sheehan's disease, adipose-genital dystrophy, etc. The opposite of this disorder is the excessive production of “growth” hormones, leading to acromegaly and gigantism. Increased production of vasopressin and aldosterone causes hyperhydropexic syndrome. A reduced level of gonadotropic hormones leads to the development of diseases of the reproductive system (hypogonadism). Lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone provokes the occurrence of Itsenko-Cushing disease, etc.

The adrenal glands produce a large number of hormones, so their activity also affects everyone nearby organs. Lack of mineral and glucocorticoids contributes to the development of primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Excess hormones cause diseases such as androsteroma (increased androgen levels), primary hyperaldosteronism (increased aldosterone levels), corticosteroma (excessive production of glucocorticoids), etc.

At the level of the thyroid gland, with insufficient production of iodine-containing hormones, primary or secondary hypothyroidism occurs, which contributes to the development of more severe diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. In such cases, an individual selection of drugs and their doses is carried out for each person. An increased level of hormones causes the development of diffuse goiter, which immediately affects the appearance and psyche (irritability, increased excitability and aggressiveness, poor sleep, accompanied by nightmares).

Thyroid diseases are characterized by a dependence on the level of iodine in the body. This is explained, of course, by the dominant role of this substance in proper operation the whole body. Readers can learn about other diseases of the thyroid gland and other endocrine glands by opening the next chapter, which will present their more detailed description and course.

The functional state of the endocrine system directly depends on such sometimes unimportant things for us as normal blood circulation, correct posture, breathing and even train of thought. For determining functional state there are several thyroid glands laboratory methods: determination of metabolism (increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism); iodine absorption (the amount of iodine absorbed is determined at different time intervals. If before the study the patient was taking medications containing iodine, then the study is carried out 1.5–2 months after stopping the intake), etc.

We have already written about the connection between endocrine diseases and mood (or mental state), but we cannot help but add that at such moments a person must still try to overcome himself in the desire to commit this or that act. Changes in hormonal levels often cause the so-called endocrine psychosyndrome: the mood ranges from apathetic, anxious and depressed to elated (but associated with rapid fatigue); various desires appear (increased or complete absence of appetite, sexual desire, desire to steal, wander, insomnia, etc.). With advanced forms of endocrine disorders and reluctance to treat them, a person’s dullness may gradually develop, right up to dementia. So get treatment on time and treat your body with care!

Recently, not only doctors, but also metaphysicians have been searching for possible options for curing diseases (not only endocrine ones). The latter explain the disruption of organ activity negative thoughts in relation to yourself. In their opinion, we ourselves provoke insufficient or excessive production of hormones with the mere power of thought! Scientists have not only found thought-causes, they have also developed thoughts-cure! This may seem nonsensical to some, but people who “tried” it on themselves were satisfied with the results achieved. So let's begin (the data used is taken from Louise Hay's book Heal Your Body).

Diseases of the pituitary gland, the control center of all internal organs, are eliminated by the following thought form: “My body and consciousness interact perfectly. I control my thoughts."

Adrenal dysfunction is associated with anxiety and a negative or indifferent attitude towards oneself. Healing thought: “I love myself and approve of my actions. It’s completely safe to take care of yourself.” Addison's disease occurs as a result of bitterness towards oneself, so the thought carries a positive attitude: “I lovingly take care of my body, thoughts, emotions.” We must act in a similar way with Itsenko-Cushing’s disease, which arises as a result of the formation of destructive ideas: “I reconcile my body and spirit with love. Now in my head there are only thoughts that improve my well-being.”

Each type of thyroid disease also has metaphysical causes: hyperthyroidism (increased activity) occurs when a person feels ignored by others, he is constantly afraid of something; hypothyroidism (decreased activity) is a consequence of feelings of hopelessness and hopelessness. Therefore, healing affirmations for hyperthyroidism are: “I am at the center of life, I approve of myself and everything I see around me” or “I am safe. All pressure disappears. I'm very well"; with hypothyroidism it is: “Now I’m building new life according to rules that completely satisfy me.”

A goiter develops when there is a feeling of inadequacy as an individual. To avoid this or at least alleviate your condition, you need to convince yourself that “I am the power in my life. Nobody stops me from being myself."

The occurrence of diabetes (pancreas), by the way, is also a consequence of “unhealthy” thoughts: deep grief, dislike for life, memories of unfulfilled dreams... Of course, this does not sound very optimistic. This means you need to change your mindset: “This moment is filled with joy. I begin to instill the sweetness of today!”

From all this we can conclude that the level of our hormones changes due to our attitude towards ourselves. We need to change it! This may sound strange, but almost always we ourselves become “stimulators” of the development of sometimes very serious diseases.

Each of our internal organs has its own needs, and if they are not met on time, difficulties may arise in “communicating” with our body. Naturally, a person consists of many organs and muscles that are inseparable from each other, therefore the treatment of any ailment must be comprehensive, establishing a connection between all the components that make up such complex mechanism. The activity of our body depends on the state of the endocrine system.

Everything in our body is interconnected: if there is not enough of any important microelement in the blood, the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, and excretory organs is disrupted, and, as a result, a depressed mood occurs and bad feeling. There are many methods of restoring the body, but most of them require a lot of time. The safest measures are preventive measures.

Tips for maintaining hormonal levels naturally.

Each endocrine gland has its own needs for vitamins and microelements. Almost all of them need B vitamins, the only exception being the adrenal glands. The list of vitamins also includes vitamins A, C and E.

With microelements, everything is completely different: the supply of iodine and magnesium is considered vital for the thyroid gland; the functioning of the adrenal glands largely depends on the level of potassium and sodium; the activity of the gonads (sex glands) largely depends on the content of iron and copper; the thymus gland is only a provider of the functions of other organs, therefore the intake rates of microelements are not fixed; the pituitary gland and pineal gland, being components of the brain, regulate the activity of all glands of the endocrine system, therefore they equally need all microelements; parathyroid glands – “calcium” and phosphorus; microelements of the pancreas - sulfur and nickel.

The thyroid gland has a very strong influence on a person’s overall well-being. With her quality work, people are cheerful and energetic. Therefore, signs that the activity of the gland is impaired are quite easy to notice.

This primarily affects the psychophysical level - fatigue, lethargy, slow reaction, decreased performance, memory impairment and inappropriate behavior; external signs - sagging skin, metabolic disorders, swelling, weight loss or gain, dull hair, brittle nails; at the physical level - a lack of organic calcium and, as a consequence, fragility of teeth and bones.

Here you can give one piece of advice: pay attention to your diet! Iron lacks nutrients and vitamins. If you do not pay attention to this in time, the thyroid gland begins to “fight for life.” It all starts with its increase, which may not be noticeable in the first stages. Over time, normal hormone production is maintained only due to the appearance of endemic goiter, which becomes the initial stage of the development of the disease. Experts distinguish three stages of thyroid enlargement.

The first degree is when the gland is easily palpable with your hands; the second degree is considered to be noticeable contours of the gland in the normal position of the head or during swallowing food; third degree, which is also the last and most difficult - the gland is visible to the naked eye even at a distance.

The latter is not only external cosmetic defect. People experience a feeling of suffocation, knots appear in the gland, which subsequently become malignant tumors. And here you cannot do without surgical intervention. By the way, there is an opinion that the disorder may be congenital, and the disease may arise for other reasons. In this case, predisposition is its catalyst. Research in this area has also proven that women are much more susceptible to thyroid disease than men. The reason for this is that hormones play a more active role in the female body.

Due to disorders, a person may have a poorly developed thyroid gland, which causes a decrease in sexual desire and gonadal activity in general. With a lack of thyroxine (a hormone that stores iodine), a person’s goiter increases. Psychotherapy plays an important role in maintaining the normal thyroid gland. At the beginning of our work, we quoted as an epigraph the words of the representative of the science of the mind, Justite Glass: “If you focus on one gland, imagining it and repeating that it functions perfectly, you will soon be convinced that its activity has really improved. The concentration method should be used regularly (preferably every day). This will only take you a few minutes – in the morning and before bed.”

On a metaphysical level, the thyroid gland is the most important gland of the immune system. What destroys her is the feeling that you are being attacked by life. Conversely, positive statements like: “My kind thoughts strengthen the strength of my immune system. I have reliable protection inside and out. I listen to myself with love."

So, having understood the signs and causes of thyroid dysfunction, you can consider possible options for maintaining its normal functioning (in other words, maintaining its hormonal levels normal). The most important thing for preserving the supply of thyroxine in the blood is IODINE. No less important substances also include magnesium, vitamins B and C, and the amino acid thyroxine.

To check the iodine content in the body, it is a good idea to go to the doctor: a specialist will conduct a more in-depth examination and identify the fact of the violation or its absence.

In addition, there is one old proven method that can be used at home: four longitudinal (vertical) and three transverse (horizontal) lines of iodine (the familiar “mesh”) are applied to the front of the neck in the area of ​​the thyroid gland, if after 2 hours. iodine disappears, this indicates a severe deficiency, and, consequently, a high degree of dysfunction of the thyroid gland. If traces of lines remain for more than 7 hours, then we can say that this trace element is enough. Traces of iodine, noticeable for more than a day, indicate its obvious excess.

This method has been tested by many and is convenient because it does not require any special expenses, and it can be repeated periodically and at will. And then it’s up to the doctors! According to the Eastern Sujok system, the biologically active zone of the thyroid gland is located on the outside of the big toes.

Periodic lubrication of this area with iodine replenishes the body with this essential microelement. Food sources of iodine were discussed above, you can only add the following products: garlic, asparagus, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, onions, leeks, green pea, beans, radishes, tomatoes, turnips, sorrel, oatmeal, mushrooms, beets, strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, blueberries, dark grapes, melons, etc.

The full functioning of the thyroid gland also depends on the content of magnesium, the sources of which can be nuts (almonds, peanuts, walnuts), raw egg yolk, baked jacket potatoes, liver, lettuce, pumpkin, mint, parsley, chicory, olives, plums, tomatoes, rye bread, bran, beans, millet, whole grains of buckwheat, oats and wheat.

Sources of vitamins are not very different from sources of microelements. For example, B vitamins are found in asparagus, nuts, beans (in greens and fruits), beans, green peas, barley, bran, buckwheat, dried yeast, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, onions, celery, turnips, salad vegetables, beets , liver, meat, fish, cheese, egg yolk, sour and dry milk, soybeans, porridge from whole grains, wholemeal bread, cottage cheese, etc. Sources of vitamin C are cabbage, mushrooms, sweet and bitter peppers, watercress , tomatoes, turnips, peas, potatoes, rutabaga, beets, horseradish, carrots, black currants, citrus fruits, rose hips, cranberries, strawberries, as well as many other products of plant origin. The amino acid tyrosine is found in large quantities in dry and sour milk and in some protein products.

You can stop at the celery mentioned above for a while. The lines of the famous classic A.S. Pushkin about him immediately come to mind:

So that the husband is dearer to his wife,

Give him some celery...

Only in this case, celery is necessary for women at the onset of menopause (it is accompanied by weakness and sharp pains throughout the body): the seeds of miraculous greens are suitable for treatment, the course of which should be taken about 4 times a year. And the preparation recipe is very simple: half a teaspoon is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and infused for 8 - 10 hours. Then, for 27 days, you need to take a tablespoon of this infusion half an hour before meals 4 times a day. Along with this, celery can be added to almost any dish to taste, because it is useful not only for women, but also for representatives of the stronger half of humanity.

In addition to ensuring vital functions, the gonads (sex glands) are responsible for the reproduction of offspring.

It turns out that due to the entry of sex hormones into the blood, our body rejuvenates! Therefore, keeping the gonads in excellent condition is even beneficial for many! And if a person does not consume the necessary microelements in food, then not only is the function of the gonads disrupted, but it can also lead to complete sterilization (loss of fertility) or the development of other sexual diseases.

If a person does not strive for this (and this is probably the majority), then it is necessary to replenish the reserves of vitamins A, C, E and group B, arginine (amino acids), copper and iron in the body constantly. The most interesting thing is that the same vitamins are needed for different glands. By the way, if a person fasts for a long time, sexual desire may be partially or even completely lost.

Before moving on to listing the sources of vitamins and microelements, we need to talk about their functional significance. The vital activity of the ovaries and prostate gland depends on the intake of vitamin A in the body. Sexual desire is supported with the help of B vitamins. With a lack of vitamin C in men, the ability to reproduce is reduced and a loss of sexual desire occurs. Vitamin E supports the function of procreation, but in its absence or deficiency, sexual sterilization can develop. Well, we've sorted out the functions. Now you should choose those food products that contain the vitamins and microelements most required by the glands. Vitamin A (or retinol and carotene) is found primarily in carrots, as well as cabbage, lettuce, green parts of plants, fermented milk products, butter, cream, liver, fish, and egg yolk.

Products containing B vitamins were discussed above, so we will not repeat ourselves; the same can be said about vitamin C, but vitamin E is raw egg yolk, cereal grains, lettuce, vegetable oils and liver.

By the way, about onions... Since ancient times, “love” properties have been attributed to this vegetable; its use in combination with chicken eggs (they also contain many vitamins) gives the best results.

Onions also maintain hormone levels in the body and have a rejuvenating effect. So, advice from time immemorial that has survived to this day: “To get a powerful incentive for success in intimate relationships, it is useful to eat one egg yolk every day on an empty stomach or eat onions and eggs for three days in a row. And then you yourself will be amazed at the strength and imagination that has appeared in you.” So, dear men and women, eat more onions and eggs, and success with each other is guaranteed! Just don’t forget about breath fresheners after this, otherwise the effect may be the opposite. A protein diet containing arginine helps normal operation gonads. We remind you that proteins are found in fermented milk products, eggs, brewer's yeast, peanuts, oats, sprouted wheat, etc. Vitamins and amino acids alone are naturally not enough for the normal functioning of the gonads, so iron and copper act as support. To have “iron” health, it is enough to eat wheat, oats, raisins, nuts, eggs, beans, green vegetables, but it is better to refuse meat “metal”, since human body it is poorly absorbed. Copper is contained in beef liver, liver pate, parsley, asparagus, mushrooms, beans, sprouted wheat and lentils.

The parathyroid glands were separated (in figurative meaning this word) from the thyroid gland relatively recently. It would seem that the close location should have combined both needs and functions, but this is not so.

One of the main signs of dysfunction of the parathyroid (parathyroid) glands is considered to be increased excitability, insomnia, frequent nervous breakdowns, convulsions and spasms. Knowing the function of these glands, you can easily imagine their needs.

Firstly, their relationship with the thyroid gland conveys the need for B vitamins (fish and animal liver, dairy and dairy products, fish). As in previous cases, the parathyroid glands base their work on two microelements, only calcium and phosphorus. A varied diet is possible here! After all, there are products that contain calcium and phosphorus separately, while others combine these microelements! Any nuts, meat, pears, mushrooms, soybeans, lentils, barley, rye are phosphorus-containing foods.

Calcium is an integral part of apricots, pineapples, oranges, young turnip tops, grapes, cherries, blackberries, green beans, strawberries, fermented milk products, strawberries, the skin of all fruits and vegetables, gooseberries, onions, honey, almonds, carrots, cucumbers, bran, peaches, parsley, beets, celery, currants, dill and spinach.

The pancreas produces insulin, the deficiency of which causes diabetes mellitus. As in previous cases, B vitamins play a very important role in the functioning of this gland, but since they have already been discussed, a detailed description necessary products Let's omit the power supply. Instead, let's find out the sources of glutamic acid, nickel, sulfur and cystine - microelements that must enter the body in order to prevent the development of disorders and diseases associated with the activity of the pancreas. So, glutamic acid is found in foods, many of which have already been indicated in descriptions of the needs of other glands: these are fermented milk products, legumes, all types of nuts, various protein products, bran and grains. It turns out that we have not discovered anything new or unusual for ourselves here.

The source of nickel is fresh vegetables (unfortunately, such replenishment of microelement reserves is possible only in the summer-autumn season. For those who prefer to eat hothouse cucumbers “fresh from the garden” in winter, no one can guarantee that exorbitant doses of other microelements that have a detrimental effect on health will not enter the body) and lean meat of herbivores and birds (rabbit, chicken). It’s easier to find sulfur! After all, this microelement is not only easily accessible in the form of food and consumed at any time of the year, but also there are different variations of preparation! So, these are cabbage of all kinds, carrots, potatoes, beans, turnips, onions, garlic, radishes, horseradish, asparagus, watercress, pumpkin, wine berries, figs, gooseberries and plums – you can’t refuse such a healthy treat from nature.

Thymus closely interconnected with the adrenal cortex and gonads. It, like many endocrine glands, needs B vitamins.

Therefore, the products needed are the same as those indicated above. And finally, the adrenal glands. They have a close relationship with the activity of all glands. And you can learn about their work by the presence of the following diseases and disorders in a person: ovarian dysfunction, any form of diabetes, frequent colds and sore throats, muscle pain, apathy, impaired metabolism. The functioning of the adrenal glands is ensured by protein and vitamins A, C, E. There is a lot of protein in legumes, potatoes, sour milk, cheese, cottage cheese, eggs, nuts, liver, meat, fish and poultry.

Based on all of the above, we see that most common foods contain such a large amount of microelements and vitamins that we sometimes are not even aware of. Vegetables from the garden are a treasure trove useful substances. Here it is appropriate to say: “forewarned is forearmed.” Knowing what microelements are needed, you can replenish their supply naturally, without taking chemically derived drugs.

At the same time, we have the opportunity to organize the activities of several important bodies at once. But there is one small caveat. There should be a norm in everything, and mixing many seemingly compatible products can have a detrimental effect on the functioning of the body. From time to time you can allow yourself mono-diets (when the diet is dominated by foods of only one category (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, etc.)). Changes in hormonal levels can occur precisely as a result of indiscriminate mixing of products in the body. Relatively recently, it was found that 7-8 meals a day have a beneficial effect on the normalization of the entire hormonal system.

For some this may seem strange and terrifying, but the enzymatic system is in close connection with our endocrine system.

Still, medical intervention in the functioning of our body is sometimes necessary. Nowadays, almost at any time you can go to the clinic and have full examination body, determining its hormonal levels.

You can maintain hormonal levels, if not normal, then at least close to it in many ways. This includes the use of hormone-containing drugs, and the consumption of foods rich in vitamins and microelements, etc. But among the huge number of these “methods”, a certain place is given to urine therapy (urine treatment). It turns out that this liquid truly has unique properties, although most people turn their nose up at it. With the help of urine, you can get rid of many diseases that plague the body, including diseases of hormonal origin.

Urine intake is strictly regulated and does not require medical supervision. The only condition that ensures successful therapy is that urine is excreted by a healthy person who has virtually no abnormalities in the kidneys and the entire urinary system. More detailed information on this issue can be found in specialized literature, of which there is currently no shortage.

Hormonal imbalance in women is a common condition, similar in its manifestations to stress. Usually the concept of “hormonal imbalance” is associated with adolescence or menopause, but female body susceptible to hormones at any age. 80% of girls and women suffer from hormonal problems at one time or another in their lives.

Hormones regulate the functioning of other body systems. A minor glitch can make a woman feel bad and actually lead to long-term health problems. Many factors influence the production and functioning of hormones. One of the reasons for the disorder may be age. Pregnancy, a woman's menstrual cycle, thyroid problems or diabetes also greatly affect the endocrine system. Even more often, medications, especially birth control pills, can upset the delicate balance in the body.

Some women are genetically predisposed to hormonal imbalances, while for others their lifestyle becomes the culprit for unpleasant symptoms. Poor sleep, lack of exercise and wrong diet(including consuming too many calories) gradually begin to affect your health. In addition, stress can have a very detrimental effect on the endocrine system and the body as a whole.

When the body regularly does not receive the necessary nutrients, it is more than likely that a woman will experience one or more symptoms associated with hormonal imbalance, such as:

• menstrual irregularities,
• (PCOS),
• insulin resistance,
• lack of progesterone,
• androgen imbalance.

The ratio of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone is especially important for the normal hormonal balance of a woman. Levels of thyroid hormones, insulin, and cortisol also play a role.

HORMONAL DISTURBANCE IN WOMEN: SYMPTOMS

Hormonal imbalance in women usually manifests itself as irregular periods or heavy bleeding. Sharp changes in mood at certain times each month are another sign of fluctuating hormone levels; this may include premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Additionally, anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, poor concentration along with sudden weight gain, decreased desire, hot flashes and excessive sweating can be symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you have any of these signs.

Hormonal imbalance in women: symptoms

• Irregular or absent periods

Changes in the menstrual cycle signal a disruption in the hormonal activity that controls menstruation. Often the cause is an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, including due to.

• Weight gain

Sudden weight changes, a sudden decrease in body weight, or, conversely, an increase in weight, making it difficult to lose weight, may indicate hormonal imbalance or problems with the thyroid gland. Changes in body shape and figure may be caused by endocrine disorders and disorders of the adrenal glands. Changes in hormone production during menopause can also contribute to the deposition of fat in the abdominal area. This can happen even if the woman has never had weight problems before. High stress levels and poor sleep make it difficult to lose fat around your waist.

• Irritability and/or moodiness

Feeling depressed, aggressive, abrupt change mood or constant fatigue may be caused by sudden changes in the balance of estrogen, testosterone and progesterone or an imbalance of adrenal hormones.

• Skin problems

1. Natural remedies

For minor symptoms, when the disorder is not caused by a severe disorder, congenital or hereditary disease, vitamins and herbal supplements can restore disrupted hormonal levels. Thus, increased prolactin is treated with herbs, decreased sensitivity to insulin is treated with vitamin D,

Hormonal imbalance is a dysfunction that is caused by pathologies of the neuroregulatory or endocrine system. It can appear in both women and men. When it occurs, it is disrupted normal functioning body, metabolism suffers the most. If you do not take any action for a long time, there is a high risk of developing serious illnesses. Changes in hormonal levels require immediate contact with a treating specialist; it is important to immediately begin drug therapy. Only she can help prevent the negative impact of this pathology.

Causes of hormonal imbalance in women

It is not always possible to determine the causes of hormonal imbalance in women. Provoke development this violation Various and, at first glance, harmless factors can occur. However, in all cases, the mechanism for the development of the malfunction lies in a decrease in the level of progesterone in the blood. Progesterone and estrogen are female hormones that maintain the normal state of the reproductive system. There is usually more progesterone in the blood than estrogen. However, in cases where its concentration begins to fall, a hormonal imbalance occurs in the body in women. This usually results in:

• • Genetic predisposition - if a woman suffers from congenital disorder hormonal levels, then such disruptions will be repeated over and over again. In this case, the pathology requires a more detailed examination and complex treatment.

• • Lack of ovulation - if a woman’s progesterone levels are disrupted, malfunctions occur in many organ systems. The reproductive system is no exception: with a low level of this hormone, the female body loses the ability to bear a fetus.

• • Excess body weight or obesity can also lead to hormonal imbalance in women. With an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat, the body cannot function normally; the hormones produced for regulation become insufficient.

• • Natural periods in a woman’s life - puberty, pregnancy, childbirth or menopause can also lead to serious disruption. A pathology of this nature is considered the safest; it does not always require drug therapy.

• • Unbalanced nutrition, strict adherence to diets - due to the lack of necessary vitamins, minerals and other components, sudden changes begin. Because of this, a serious failure can occur, the treatment of which consists of a complete review of lifestyle.

• • Women's diseases - if a woman has diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, breast cysts and other diseases, then these can be the cause of the imbalance.

• • Chronic diseases - bronchial asthma, migraine, atherosclerosis, hypertension and many other diseases also negatively affect hormonal levels.

• • Infectious diseases - if sore throats, tonsillitis, ARVI, influenza and much more often occur, its background is constantly changing. This may also cause a crash.

• • Sexually transmitted infections - syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and other diseases negatively affect the body's regulatory abilities.

• • Constant emotional stress, nervous stress - these factors have a direct impact on the production of hormones, which can lead to this pathology.

• • Excessive physical activity - being under constant stress, the body looks for ways to maintain its usual state, which is why an imbalance occurs.

• • Diseases of the endocrine system - due to malfunction the thyroid gland, excessive or insufficient amounts of hormones can be produced into the blood, which quickly causes a disruption of the natural background. Failure in women often occurs after removal of the thyroid gland.

• • Operations on abdominal cavity, surgical interventions in the vagina - due to artificial simulation, the body releases a huge amount of hormones into the blood, which leads to this pathology.

Symptoms of Hormone Imbalance

It is quite difficult to recognize the signs of hormonal imbalance in the early stages. Its manifestations are similar to many diseases that require a completely different method of treatment. When the first changes appear in her body, it is best for a woman to consult her doctor.

The most common symptoms of hormonal imbalance include:

• • Disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system - if previously a woman was calm and quiet, then with an imbalance her behavior changes significantly. She is subject to sudden mood swings, prone to depression and apathy. Unreasonable and short bursts of aggression are also common. The woman begins to get upset over all the trifles and little things, constantly worries about something, and begins to cry easily.

• • Unstable and irregular menstruation - in case of a long absence of a cycle or fast periods, a woman should immediately consult her doctor. Also, special attention should be paid to changes in the volume of secretions - if they become scanty, you should immediately take blood tests for hormones. Most often, this symptom of hormonal imbalance occurs in women with low body weight.

• • A decrease or complete disappearance of libido - lack of sexual desire also signals a disruption in the background. If previously a woman led an active and full-fledged sex life, and now any touch has begun to cause her some discomfort or disgust, it’s worth consulting a doctor. Dysfunction can also be recognized by the absence of secretion production during sexual intercourse, which makes it unpleasant and painful for a woman.

• • Violation of the reproductive system is the most difficult and dangerous moment, which is very difficult to treat with medication. In the case of a long-term course of the pathology, many ladies say goodbye forever to the opportunity to bear and give birth to a baby on their own. Of course, some of them manage to get pregnant, but the risk of miscarriage or miscarriage remains extremely high.

• • A sharp change in body weight - due to a change in background, the body begins to sharply accumulate fat or get rid of it. In some cases, such changes cannot be corrected - the woman, despite following a diet and exercise, continues to gain weight. In the absence of drug treatment, there is no way to stop this process.

• • Sleep disturbance, excessive fatigue - also the imbalance is accompanied by increased anxiety and sensitivity, the appearance of severe insomnia and apathy. Despite the lack of physical activity or nervous tension, the woman still constantly experiences extreme fatigue.

• • Deterioration in the quality of nail plates and hair - symptoms of hormonal imbalance can be recognized by severe hair loss hair, a change in their structure, the quality of the nails also deteriorates: they become brittle and peel heavily. No vitamins can cope with this problem.

• • Regular rashes - in the event of a malfunction, changes in the skin on the back, mammary glands and face occur first. Usually they complain about acne, which they cannot get rid of. Over time, black hairs begin to grow in their place.

Failure during puberty

During adolescence, every girl faces serious changes. The girl’s body becomes suitable for bearing a fetus. She develops secondary sexual characteristics: the mammary glands enlarge, menstruation occurs, and hair appears in places where there was none before. However, due to hormonal imbalance, these changes may be delayed or appear incompletely. With a serious deviation, secondary sexual characteristics may be completely absent.

If there is an insufficient amount of hormones in a girl’s body, then sexual development does not occur, and menstruation appears later than 16 years. This phenomenon can be provoked by stress, the influence of serious chronic diseases, regular lack of sleep, genetic predisposition and much more. If you begin to notice that your child has become overly irritable and aggressive, this is a good reason to consult an endocrinologist. Hormonal imbalance in women should be treated under the strict guidance of a specialist.

In most cases, the reasons for this phenomenon lie in in the wrong way life, which often haunts adolescents during this period of their development. To get rid of the negative manifestations of this pathology, it is enough to simply reconsider your lifestyle. Usually, after some time, hormone levels return to normal on their own. However, if the disorder is persistent, you should immediately contact your doctor to select effective drug therapy. Hormonal imbalance is a serious problem that requires a responsible approach to treatment.

Treatment of disorders

Once the fact of the imbalance is confirmed, the doctor will try to determine the cause of this phenomenon. This is necessary in order to prevent the re-development of the pathology. To do this, the specialist will send you a biochemical blood test and an ultrasound examination of the pelvic and abdominal organs. After the hormonal diagnosis is completed, you may be prescribed:

• • Hormones.

• • Homeopathic medicines.

• • Neuroleptics.

• • Preparations with high content calcium.

Hormonal imbalance is difficult to treat in overweight women. Therapy is prescribed after some of the extra pounds have been lost. To do this, it is necessary to constantly comply special diet, play sports, follow all recommendations for correct regimen day. To normalize nutrition, a woman is recommended to review her menu and add fresh fruits and vegetables to it. You can also take vitamin complexes at the doctor’s insistence.

Basic recovery principles

If you experience a malfunction, all prescriptions should be made by your attending physician based on the diagnostic results. This is the only way to choose an effective treatment method that minimizes the risk of developing serious complications. Before your doctor prescribes medications for you, you will be sent for extensive testing. First of all, you need to take a blood test, which will show the degree of hormonal imbalance. Only by knowing this parameter can you receive adequate and necessary treatment that will not provoke the development of other disorders.

Background restoration occurs in two ways. First of all, it is necessary to find the cause that influenced the development of this pathology, after which it is determined drug treatment, which brings hormone levels back to normal. If you ignore any of these points, there will be no point in therapy. The duration of treatment in each case is determined individually, it depends on the degree of damage. Usually, to restore normal background, tablets are taken from several weeks to several years.

If you have been diagnosed with a malfunction, under no circumstances should you waste time using traditional medicine methods or self-medication. This way you will only aggravate the situation, which will lead to the development of serious complications. Remember, therapy must be carried out by a qualified doctor. Only he can prescribe the correct medications. If you experience any side effects from using them, tell your doctor about this - he should reconsider the treatment regimen for hormonal imbalance. In rare cases, surgery is used to restore the body.

Consequences of failure

Hormonal imbalance is a serious problem that requires immediate medical treatment. Without the necessary treatment, a woman can develop a number of serious complications that completely change her lifestyle. Usually appear:

• • Problems with excess body weight.

• • Difficulty conceiving.

• • Complete loss of libido.

• • Diabetes.

• • Diseases of the pancreas.

• • Development of tumor formations.

• • Diseases of the cardiovascular system.

• • Osteoporosis due to poor absorption of calcium.

Prevention of hormonal imbalance

To prevent the development of hormonal disorders, do not forget to regularly take appropriate tests and undergo a medical examination. If there are predisposing factors, you must carefully monitor the condition of your body and, when the first symptoms of hormonal imbalance appear, contact your treating specialist. Prolonged absence of drug therapy can lead to serious consequences.

To minimize the risk of a disorder, try to lead a healthy lifestyle and not self-medicate. Eat right, exercise, start treatment for other pathologies on time, and then no failure will happen to you. If treatment for this disorder is ignored for a long time, infertility, breast cancer, obesity and many other complications can develop. Be sure to ask your doctor what hormonal imbalance is and why it is dangerous.