Diseases and recommendations for the Cane Corso Italiano. Hereditary diseases inherent in the dog breed Italian Cane Corso Cane Corso watery eyes

The most common diseases of the Cane Corso

Each Cane Corso owner must be able to provide first aid to a pet in order to prevent its death or complications of the disease in the event that it is not possible to immediately contact a veterinarian or when a few minutes determine what the outcome of the disease for the animal will be.

It is very important to know the symptoms of underlying diseases and their treatment methods, but still you should not try to make a diagnosis yourself. The owner's suspicions may turn out to be incorrect due to the atypical course of a particular disease, and treatment will only bring harm. Noticing the signs of one or another of the diseases described in this book in a dog, first of all, you need to contact a veterinarian. It is also necessary to call a doctor if the pet has a fever, refuses to eat, is apathetic or, conversely, shows excessive anxiety, etc.

The heat can cause 5-degree burns. With a first-degree burn, external manifestations are swelling, hyperemia, and in the case of thermal exposure to a flame, also charring of the dog's coat. In stage II, caused by longer exposure, one or more blisters appear. Flame burns may not give such an effect due to the charring of not only the wool, but also the epidermis, and instead of bubbles there will be a strong swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Blisters with second-degree burns usually burst, the wound becomes infected without proper treatment, which leads to purulent dermatitis.

With a third-degree burn, the papillary layer and subcutaneous tissue are involved in the process. IV degree burn is characterized by necrosis of the entire dermis and subcutaneous tissue. With extensive IV degree burns, self-healing is impossible. In order for epithelialization to occur, small (1x1 cm) pieces of skin are transplanted. The most severe - V degree burns. It captures a layer of muscles, causing their necrosis, and leads to death.

Treatment for burns varies depending on the extent of the injury. At a low degree, immediately after the burn, it is necessary to remove the coat from it and treat the affected area with solutions of potassium permanganate or silver nitrate, cooled to 2-4 ° C. If you apply lotions in time, you can avoid the formation of bubbles. For more serious lesions, you should immediately call a veterinarian.

Sometimes inflammation caused by pyogenic microorganisms leads to the formation of pathological hemispherical cavities. These are the so-called abscesses. On palpation, the formations fluctuate, they are painful and cause a high local temperature. The general body temperature of the dog also rises.

In the initial stages, the abscess is a hot to the touch swelling of a pasty consistency with clearly defined edges. If left untreated, it passes into the stage of cellular infiltration, characterized by thickening of the edema, an increase in body temperature, and the appearance of pain in the affected area. Interstitial pressure increases 3 times, loose fiber dies off. The last stage of abscess formation is the stage of abscess formation, in which the swelling acquires a hemispherical shape with areas of softening, the cell barrier is replaced by a granulation one, which completely delimits the affected tissues from healthy ones.

At the 1st stage of the disease, alcohol-drying dressings are applied for treatment with a short novocaine-antibiotic blockade with the solution brought under the inflammation site. The benign course of the disease and timely assistance lead to the attenuation of inflammation and the complete resorption of the abscess. At the 2nd stage, the abscess is not treatable, the measures recommended at the 1st stage only help to create a cellular barrier and isolate the necrosis zone from healthy tissues.

A fully mature abscess is opened by making a downward incision. The cavity of the opened abscess after the leakage of its contents is washed with hydrogen peroxide or a weak, not more than 1: 1000, solution of potassium permanganate. Strong solutions of antiseptics at this stage are contraindicated, as they destroy the granulation barrier and can lead to the penetration of the infection beyond the inflammatory focus. In the absence of signs of necrosis of the granulation barrier, drainage is introduced into the abscess cavity with a 5-10% solution of calcium chloride with furatsilin in a ratio of 1: 5000. Compresses in the treatment of an abscess of the 3rd stage are contraindicated.

Treatment of wounds depends on their type and degree of damage.

The edges of the incised wounds are even, they bleed heavily. Bitten, bruised and lacerated wounds bleed less profusely, but heal much worse than incised ones. Puncture wounds are the least noticeable due to the coat of the dog, do not give large external bleeding, but can be very deep. The first thing to do when finding a wound in a dog is to cut or shave the hair around the wound. Then the wound is washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and its edges are lubricated with iodine. If the wound is less than 2 cm long and you are sure that it is not deep, you can leave it sutured. Otherwise, the dog must be taken to the veterinarian. After the wound has been cleaned and disinfected, it should be bandaged. Any clean cloth can be used for dressing.

If the capillaries or veins are damaged, the bleeding is usually insignificant, the blood is dark in color. In such cases, it is necessary to treat the wound and apply a tight pressure bandage. An ice pack can be placed over the bandage so that the vessels narrow from the cold and the bleeding decreases. The most dangerous is arterial bleeding, in which blood flows out in a pulsating jet of bright red color. In this case, a rubber tourniquet (or a twist from improvised means - a scarf, a leash, etc.) should be applied above the wound, and the dog should be immediately transported to a veterinary clinic. Every 20-30 minutes, the tourniquet must be loosened for 1-2 minutes so that blood circulation is not disturbed.

When suppurating wounds, first of all, it is necessary to remove pus and dead tissue with sterile swabs, and also shave the hair around the damaged area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin to a width of 3-5 cm. The procedure must be repeated 2 times, then fill the wound with swabs soaked in iodized alcohol in a ratio of 1: 1000. In case of a serious injury, you should consult a doctor.

After providing assistance on the spot, be sure to take your pet to the veterinary clinic, where an experienced specialist can perform the operation. It should also be noted that penetrating wounds to the thoracic and abdominal cavities must be treated within the first 2 hours, otherwise the dog may die.

Sprains, sprains, bruises

If the pet is lame in the absence of external signs of damage to the limbs, it is necessary to check if he has a dislocation, sprain or bruise of the joint. The main sign of dislocation is the dog's unwillingness to step on the injured paw. At the same time, the shape of the dislocated joint is changed, because of the sharp pain, the dog squeals. If the owner has experience in treating such injuries, you can try to set the dislocated joint yourself. Otherwise, the dog must be given a painkiller and urgently taken to the nearest veterinary clinic. Sprains are more common in young dogs. With such damage, the dog practically does not step on the diseased limb, the joint area is painful.

First aid is to apply a tight bandage to the joint area, you can put an ice pack on top. Pain medications are given to reduce pain. Sometimes lameness is the result of a bruise. In this case, there is a painful reaction to feeling the bruised joint or bending the limb, but the joint is not deformed. To treat a bruise, a cold compress is applied and an analgesic is given to the dog.

fractures

Fractures are one of the most difficult types of injuries. The main cause of fractures is mechanical damage to the limbs: bruises when falling from a height and traffic accidents, sharp muscle contractions, forcible release of a pinched limb, etc. There are also indirect causes that increase the possibility of a fracture: rickets, beriberi, osteomalaria, pregnancy (in case of lack of calcium in the body).

Fractures are divided into open and closed, as well as fractures with and without displacement of bone fragments; in the second case, the fracture is usually closed. If the dog is lame, feels pain on palpation of the injured limb, the bone outside the joint on the paw is mobile and deformed, but there is no open wound, a closed fracture can be diagnosed.

An open fracture is characterized by a wound, against the background of which the deformation of the damaged area of ​​the bone occurs. Pieces of it stick out from the wound. To help a dog with a closed fracture without displacement of bone fragments, a fixing splint should be placed on the limb and an analgesic given to the animal. The fixing plaster bandage should, like the temporary splint, capture the fracture zone and 2 nearest joints. In this regard, it is impossible to plaster fractures of the femur and humerus. Other methods are used to fix them. Gypsum is removed at 45, and in young dogs - at 30 days.

An open non-displaced fracture can also be treated with a plaster cast, but a window should be left over the wound for treatment. In addition, cases of such fractures in animals are extremely rare. Most open fractures in dogs occur with displacement of bone fragments and require surgical treatment.

First aid for an open fracture is to stop bleeding, compensate for blood loss, and eliminate shock. The limb is fixed with a temporary splint, and the dog is taken to the veterinary clinic.

Distemper of dogs (distemper)

The acute contagious disease caused by the virus is known as canine distemper, and colloquially distemper, quite often affects unvaccinated young dogs.

Infection can occur 2 weeks after the end of the suckling period. Cases of the disease in earlier childhood were noted only when puppies were fed by a sick mother, as well as with insufficient zoohygiene and the presence of a highly virulent infection.

After the illness, the animals are virus carriers for about 2-3 months, that is, they can infect surrounding dogs without getting sick themselves. Also contagious and dogs in the incubation period, when the infection has not yet manifested itself, but the infection has already occurred. Usually this period in Cane Corso lasts from 2 to 3 weeks, although with a weakly virulent strain of the virus and good conditions, it can stretch up to a month.

Infection with plague occurs not only from other animals, but also through care items, bedding belonging to sick dogs, their feces. Birds, rodents, blood-sucking insects, and a person who does not follow the rules of hygiene when communicating with a sick animal can also carry the virus. The virus enters the Cane Corso's respiratory tract, as well as the gastrointestinal tract, which causes infection.

The classification of forms of canine distemper is carried out according to the nature of the course and the external manifestation of clinical signs. There are acute, subacute, chronic, fulminant, abortive, typical and atypical course of the disease, as well as its manifestation in the form of catarrhal, intestinal, pulmonary and nervous forms. In practice, there are no pure forms of the disease; distemper occurs in a mixed form.

Usually, in the first days of the illness, the temperature rises in the Cane Corso, fever begins. If these symptoms are combined with the appearance of a small red rash on hairless areas of the skin, which after 2 days turns into nodules and vesicles with yellowish-green contents, then there is a high probability that the pet is sick with plague.

A few days later, sick Cane Corso refuse to eat, signs of photophobia appear, the nose becomes covered with dry crusts, and vomiting is sometimes noted. Another external sign of distemper can be considered conjunctivitis developing on the 2-3rd day after the temperature rise. A serous, and then a purulent secret constantly oozes from the nostrils of the dog, the nostrils stick together, which leads to difficulty breathing. During this period, dogs develop catarrhal lesions of the intestine.

The stool changes, in liquid feces yellow or gray-yellow, and then brown with an unpleasant odor, you can notice streaks or blood clots, mucus and undigested pieces of food. Due to persistent diarrhea, the dog may develop dehydration, as well as rectal prolapse.

The duration of the disease depends on its form. With fulminant plague, dogs die in one day without showing clinical signs, the hyperacute course is characterized by a 2-3-day course, ending in coma and death. Fortunately, both of these forms of distemper are quite rare, with acute and chronic forms of the disease most common. In the first case, the disease lasts from 2 weeks to 1 month, in the second case it can take up to six months.

In chronic distemper, periods of exacerbation alternate with periods of remission, the coat looks disheveled, there are crusts in the corners of the eyes and on the nose. With such a course of the disease, the animal is threatened with various complications, which often cause the death of the dog.

In the absence of treatment, as well as the acute form of canine distemper, towards the end of the disease, a lesion of the nervous system develops, which is expressed in short-term excitement, convulsive muscle contraction, paralysis of the hind limbs, epileptic seizures and profuse salivation. The defeat of the nervous system indicates an extremely unfavorable prognosis. About 90% of dogs in which they are observed die.

Treatment is carried out with drugs of various groups. They must be prescribed by a veterinarian. At the onset of the disease, calcium gluconate is administered 1-5 ml daily for a week, while injections of 6% vitamin B12 5 ml are recommended. 40% urotropin, 1% diphenhydramine, 1.5% ascorbic acid, etc. are shown. To prevent infection of other dogs, the infected animal is isolated, and all care items and the room in which it was located are treated with 2% formalin solution or sodium hydroxide.

Rabies

Rabies is one of the most dangerous diseases for both dogs and humans. It has a viral nature and affects dogs, cats, foxes, etc. Rabies in Cane Corso has several forms, of which the most common are abortive, violent and paralytic (silent). Regardless of the form of the course of the disease, the incubation period ranges from 14 days to 3 months, and infection occurs only in 1/3 of bitten people and animals (the disease is transmitted through saliva when bitten, and clothing and wool can become a barrier to its entry into the body, except In addition, the immunological state of the bitten person matters). The most dangerous are the bites of a rabid animal in the head and areas of the nerve nodes. In this case, the pathogen affects the nervous tissue much faster.

The most common among dogs is the violent form of the disease. With rabies proceeding in this way, the Cane Corso dies in 6-11 days. At the nervous stage, the animal shows apathy, hides from people in a dark place and stubbornly does not respond to the call of the owner. If these symptoms appear in combination with recent bites from other animals, you should immediately contact your veterinarian. In some Cane Corso, instead of fear, hypersociality appears. The dog clings to the owner and strangers, tries to lick their hands and face, which is extremely dangerous due to the presence of a virus in the saliva. Later, both in one and in the other case, aggressiveness is sharply manifested. For no reason, the pet lies down and jumps up, makes movements as if catching flies, he has shortness of breath and itching at the site of the bite, the pupils dilate, viscous saliva begins to flow profusely from the mouth. Appetite worsens, swallowing is difficult due to paralysis of the lower jaw, vomiting is noted.

The second stage of the disease is characterized by even greater excitement and aggressiveness. The pet begins to rush at all the people and animals it sees, even bites objects and the ground, it has increased endurance, there are cases when runaway dogs in the second stage of rabies ran up to 50 km in a day and returned home. The bites of an affected animal become so severe that it may break its teeth or jaw. The dog has salivation with a drooping jaw, aggressiveness, head and tail lowered.

The dog bites without warning, without showing preliminary signs of aggression in the form of barking or growling. The barking itself becomes hoarse, more reminiscent of a howl. Progressive paralysis of the hind limbs and pharynx. The animal tries to swallow food and water, but cannot do so. It was because of this feature that rabies was called rabies in the Middle Ages.

Periods of rampage in the second stage alternate with rest, and then disappear altogether. The dog becomes indifferent, its hind limbs, pharynx and lower jaw are completely paralyzed. Usually this stage lasts no more than 5 days and ends with the death of the dog in a coma. In the last days of life, rabid Cane Corso not only paralyzes the limbs and lower jaw, but also some internal organs cease to function.

With paralytic rabies, the violent form is absent. Cane Corso does not show aggression, behaves calmly, retains his appetite. Characteristic signs may be paralysis of the lower jaw and pharynx, creating a feeling that the animal choked on a bone. Usually, attempts to extract this non-existent bone lead to human infection. The abortive form of rabies manifests itself after vaccination against this disease, is extremely rare in nature and has not been sufficiently studied. The main characteristic of this form of the disease in dogs is that after the classical first stage, the disease suddenly subsides and disappears completely.

The disease is not treatable, dogs die on the 6th-11th day with a violent form and on the 2nd-4th day with a paralytic one. Cane Corso who have been diagnosed with rabies must be compulsorily euthanized immediately.

Dogs suspected of having rabies or bitten by stray or wild animals that may be suspected of having rabies, as well as Cane Corso biting people while walking, are isolated and quarantined for up to 10 days, during which research is carried out. If an infection is detected, the dog is euthanized, and the aviary where it was kept is disinfected. If the animal turned out to be healthy, it is returned to the owner after quarantine.

Leishmaniasis

The causative agents of leishmaniasis: a - non-flagellated form; b - flagellate form

The disease proceeds both acutely and chronically, its skin form is manifested by ulcerations on the back of the nose, lips and eyebrows. Body temperature practically does not change. Lymph nodes are slightly enlarged, with a long course of the disease they become bumpy, thickened, but remain mobile, unlike tumors. The lymph nodes of a sick dog contain many pathogens of leishmaniasis. Over time, nodes form on the affected areas.

Internal leishmaniasis differs from external leishmaniasis in the presence of fever, anemia, malnutrition, and diarrhea. The dog's head and back become bald, conjunctivitis may occur, and the nasal mucosa may ulcerate. The prognosis is unfavorable, most often a few weeks after the first signs of the disease appear, the dog dies. An autopsy shows an increase in the liver and spleen by at least 2 times, the bone marrow is prone to hyperplasia, is colored red. Treatment of the internal form of the disease has not been developed, while the external form is treated by chipping primary nodules and secondary lesions with a 5% solution of quinacrine. Prevention consists in the destruction of dogs with an internal form of leishmaniasis and the extermination of carriers of the disease.

¦ NEMATODOSE

Classic manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis

The development cycle is the same as that of roundworms, helminth eggs are excreted with feces into the environment, where they reach the invasive stage. After infection through contaminated food or water, nematode larvae penetrate into the intestinal cells, are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body (primarily into the lungs), from where, penetrating into the tissues, they enter the oral cavity and are re-introduced into the intestines, where their final maturation takes place.

Sick animals lose weight, their gastrointestinal tract is disturbed, their appetite disappears. Often there is bloating, which gives the impression of rickets, and the dog eating its own feces.

Decaris and tividin are mainly used for treatment, although deworming by other means can also be carried out. Preparations are given after a 12-hour fast, mixed with minced meat. The administration dose is usually 0.002-0.003 g per 1 kg of dog body weight. 1 hour after feeding with Decaris, it is recommended to give the puppy a laxative.

To prevent infection with nematodes, it is necessary to follow zoohygienic rules, to teach the puppy not to pick up the feces of other animals. In addition, contamination of feed with earth and manure is unacceptable. To avoid re-infection, the faeces of sick dogs are destroyed (burned) up to the sixth day after deworming.

In order to prevent nematodosis and other helminthic diseases, all puppies at the age of 25 days are subjected to deworming.

Arachnoentomoses

¦ CAUSES OF ITCHING SCABIES

Itching mites live in the thickness of the epithelial tissue, gnaw through it and thereby cause scabies. The average life expectancy of a female is 50 days; males die almost immediately after the transition to the adult stage, having only time to fertilize. After fertilization, the female bites into the skin, lays eggs in it, and then also gnaws aerating passages. Each tick lays at least 30 eggs, from which larvae hatch after 3-6 days. After another 3 days, the larva molts and turns into a nymph.

Several molts with transitions of the larva from one stage of development to another take an average of 10 days, then the transformation into an adult male or female occurs.

Itching mites: 1 - genus Sarcoptes; 2, genus Notoedres; a – male, ventral surface; b - female, dorsal surface

The treatment of this disease is long and complicated. Hexalin, colloidal sulfur and activated creolin are usually prescribed. The bath temperature when bathing a dog should be 30-32 ° C, the duration of the procedure should be at least 2 minutes.

At the time of processing, it is better for the animal to intercept the jaws with a ribbon in order to exclude biting. It is necessary to ensure that the dog's skin is well moistened with a medicinal preparation. To do this, several times run along the limbs of the dog and its body with a hand against the hair. Toward the end of the bath, close the nostrils and mouth of the dog with your hand and 1-2 times dip it into the water with its head. According to the same scheme, they wash twice a week with suspicion of dogs for scabies. The total number of baths in this case may not exceed 3 times.

In the cold season, bathing and keeping sick animals is permissible only in well-ventilated warm rooms, where they should remain until completely dry. If there is no opportunity to bathe a dog infected with a tick, it is treated with sulfur dusts, as well as kosan or thiovit. The content of the active substance in the preparation must be at least 80%. After such treatment, combing the affected areas of the skin and licking them should not be allowed. For this purpose, it is best to put on a wide cardboard collar on the dog.

To prevent infection, it is necessary to treat all care items for a sick dog with a 2% solution of chlorophos or a hot 3% aqueous creolin emulsion. The same means process the premises. To prevent infection with scabies, do not come into contact with stray animals.

¦ EAR MITE

Mechanical injury to the skin and waste products of the ear mite cause severe irritation and itching. Cane Corso combs the ear, the inner surface of which at the beginning of the disease remains clean, but hyperemic and slightly swollen. Later, exudate begins to sweat, which mixes with the scales of dead skin and secretions of the sebaceous glands and the mites themselves. A specific viscous brown lubricant is formed, which, when dried, forms scabs that clog the ear canal and increase irritation and itching.

In later stages, a purulent mass flows from the ear, gluing the hair in front of the auricle, the animal bends its head, turning the sore ear down. The transition of inflammation to the meninges leads to seizures and death of the dog, but this rarely happens: most often, owners notice an ear mite infection in time for classic symptoms (itching in the dog's ear and a brown mass in the ear canal) and begin treatment.

Male ear mite (dorsal)

This disease is treated with Hexalin, Hexatalp, Nicochloran (all three drugs at 0.03% concentration), Gardon 5%, Phenothiazine 40%, or Acrodex. Dilute preparations with non-irritating animal or vegetable fats. Before treatment, the ear is cleaned of exudate with a cotton-gauze swab or napkin, and the composition is heated to 30 ° C.

If several animals are kept in one room, then it is necessary to treat all of them for damage by ear mites, and outwardly healthy, kept together with patients, carry out several preventive treatments according to the scheme prescribed by the veterinarian. Also, for the purpose of prevention, communication of Cane Corso with stray animals and domestic cats with signs of infection with ear mites is not allowed.

¦ DOG, CAT AND HUMAN FLEAS

Due to the speed of their movement, fleas are quite difficult to spot until they breed in the dog's coat. Much more often, in the early stages of an infestation, owners find immobile small white eggs dotting the undercoat of the dog near the tail, or black grains of discharge on the skin.

The flea development cycle is as follows: on the 8-14th day, larvae hatch from the eggs laid by the female, feeding on the feces of adult insects; Moulting three times in the process of growth, the future flea finally wraps itself in a cobweb cocoon and turns into an immobile chrysalis that does not require food. After 12 days, the pupa turns into an adult insect. The lifespan of an adult flea can range from a few months to 1 year.

When a flea bites, its saliva is secreted into the wound, causing skin irritation. Cane Corso begins to comb itchy areas of the skin, which leads to their additional injury and complication of micro-wounds with purulent and other infections. The animal becomes naughty, inattentive, restless. Puppies, in addition, suffer from anemia and malnutrition.

Flea development stages: a – egg; b - larva; c - pupa; d - adult insect

¦ VLASOEDY

61 The body of the Vlas-eater is strongly chitinized and flattened, the head has a quadrangular shape, exceeds the chest in size. The oral apparatus is designed for chewing skin flakes. Vlasoyed also feed on young hair.

Treatment is reduced to treating the dog and the room in which it is kept with Intavir, Stomozan or Cypermethrin at a concentration of 0.08, 0.02 and 0.01%, respectively. The animal is bathed in these solutions, heated to 20 ° C (higher temperatures may weaken the effect of the drug).

adult lice

The duration of bathing is 2 minutes, and the frequency of treatments is 1 time in 14 days. Usually 2-3 baths are enough. In addition to the listed drugs, zooshampoo is successfully used against lice, as well as against fleas. Prevention is identical to that of flea infestation.

VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY
THIS IS A MYSTERIOUS THIRD EYELID...
(functional purpose, anatomy and main pathologies)
Perepechaev Konstantin Andreevich,
veterinary ophthalmologist, Moscow.
www.konstantp.narod.ru
e-mail: [email protected]
The third eyelid is one of the most important protective and functional structures of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. When touching the eye or pressing on the eyeball, the third eyelid instantly, like a barrier, closes the surface of the cornea, protecting it from damage. Interestingly, similarly, the third eyelid covers the cornea when the animal's head is lowered. At the same time, the eyeball, moving down under the influence of gravity, stretches the musculoskeletal apparatus of the eye, and it is this stretch that is the factor initiating the protective movement of the third eyelid.

Picture 1. Appearance of the third century
From an evolutionary point of view, this is an extremely ancient mechanism that protects the cornea of ​​herbivores when eating vegetation. In the thickness of the third eyelid there is an additional lacrimal gland, which provides the production of 30% of the tear. With the movement of the third eyelid, the tear is distributed over the surface of the cornea, simultaneously washing away foreign particles and bacteria from it (Figure 1).

On the inner surface of the third eyelid there is a significant accumulation of lymphoid tissue, in the form of many follicles, which have the general appearance of a bright pink bumpy surface.


Figure 2. Follicular tissue of the third eyelid
("raspberry") is the most powerful node of the immunological protection of the eye (Figure 2). The follicular tissue of the third eyelid, unfortunately, is VERY FREQUENTLY mistaken by illiterate specialists for the focus of the inflammatory process and they begin to ruthlessly destroy it in all possible ways, under the pretext of the diagnosis "FOLLICULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS" - this is illiterate and absolutely UNACCEPTABLE.

The internal structure of the third is rather complicated.
At the base of the eyelid lies a T-shaped cartilage, which, due to its rigidity and elasticity, maintains the shape of the third eyelid, forming its inner frame. At the base of the cartilage, covering it from all sides, there is a glandular tissue that produces a tear (we have already talked about it) (Figure 3). This glandular tissue is additionally attached to the periosteum of the inferior wall of the orbit (periorbita) by a thin elastic ligament. The third eyelid is covered by the conjunctiva (the lining of the eye). Its outer (palpebral) surface is smooth, and on the inner (bulbar), as we already know, follicular tissue is located. The movement of the third eyelid is carried out by smooth muscle fibers, it is autonomous and reflex (ie, the animal cannot consciously control the position of the third eyelid). The edge of the third eyelid, adjacent to the cornea, is very thin and elastic; it is this edge that ensures constant and uniform contact between the edge of the third eyelid and the surface of the cornea (similar to a brush


Figure 3 Internal structure of the third century
car wiper). The third eyelid may be pigmented (brown-black pigment) or completely devoid of pigment (pale pink), this is especially noticeable by the color of the edge of the third eyelid. Lack of pigment is not a pathology. It is believed that the unpigmented mucous membrane of the third eyelid and conjunctiva is more sensitive to the damaging effects of the ultraviolet spectrum of sunlight and irritating environmental factors.

The most common pathologies of the third century are largely due to its anatomical features:
ADENOMA OF THE THIRD CENTURY
In fact, the name of this pathology does not quite reflect the essence of the ongoing pathological process. To be precise, an "adenoma" is a benign tumor that occurs in the tissues of various glands. In our case, we mean by this term prolapse (prolapse) of the gland of the third eyelid (Figure 4). This pathology occurs due to the fact that a thin, rather fragile ligament is torn, attaching the gland to the periorbit of the eyeball. Most often, this pathology occurs in dogs during the period of 3-9 months, when there is active growth, both of the entire animal as a whole, and, accordingly, of the eyeball and third eyelid. Often, the factor initiating the rupture of the ligament that holds the gland is trauma to the third eyelid (self-injury at the time of active head movements, scratching with the paws), but it can also occur spontaneously. Most often, dogs of brachiocephalic breeds (French, American and English bulldogs, pugs), dogs with a loose type of constitution and a large head (Cane Corso, Mastino, Mastiff, Newfoundland) and Cocker Spaniels suffer. This is due to the loose retention of the gland of the third eyelid between the wall of the eyeball and the wall of the orbit in these breeds. Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the orbit, this pathology practically does not occur in cats.
The prolapsed glandular tissue is injured by the blinking movements of the eyelids, swells, and rubs the cornea. If the dog scratches the prolapsed gland, the process is aggravated by the development of mucopurulent conjunctivitis, sometimes with necrosis of the gland tissue and damage to the cornea. Attempts to reposition the prolapsed glandular tissue are usually unsuccessful.
TREATMENT:
With a single prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, if no more than 6-12 hours have passed since the incident, sometimes reduction brings success

Figure 4 Third eyelid prolapse
glandular tissue in combination with topical application of decongestant and anti-inflammatory drugs. In other cases, surgical restoration of the normal position of the third eyelid (reposition) is indicated. There are various options for this operation, but the criteria for the correct technique are as follows:
1. The prolapsed glandular tissue must be completely preserved.
2. The integrity of the third age must not be broken.
3. At the end of the postoperative period, the mobility of the third eyelid (its functional characteristics) should be fully restored.
Need to remember, the lack of skills and experience necessary to carry out such an operation CANNOT serve as an excuse for resection of the prolapsed glandular tissue or the third eyelid, since these operations are essentially crippling, disrupt the normal functioning of the eyeball, contributing to the development of the most severe pathology - keratoconjunctivitis sicca ("dry eyes").
INVERSION (INVERSION, BREAK) OF THE THIRD CENTURY
This pathology also occurs during the period of active growth of the eyeball and the third eyelid (3-9 months), occurs in both dogs and cats. The cause of inversion is excessive elongation of the "pedicle" of the cartilage of the third eyelid, which has a T-shape.


Figure 5. Third eyelid inversion
The cartilage seems to "break", and attempts to twist it, giving it a normal position, are useless (Figure 5). The everted third eyelid is not able to perform its function normally, the developing inflammatory process can lead to significant hyperplasia of the tissues of the third eyelid. To date, this pathology is most common in Great Danes, Central Asian Shepherd Dogs and Newfoundlands (often in combination with inversion of the lower eyelid).
TREATMENT: restoring the normal position of the third eyelid by excising a broken section of cartilage. This operation must be carried out very carefully, in small animals, it is desirable to use operating magnifying optics. Need to remove ONLY DEFORMED cartilage area. The anatomical integrity and functionality of the third eyelid must be fully preserved. Rough excision of the cartilaginous plate, poor adaptation of the incision edges, use of inadequate suture material can lead to irreversible deformation of the third eyelid and severe damage to the cornea.


Figure 6 Third century inversion

PROLAPSE OF THE THIRD CENTURY
Complaints of dog and cat owners that “the third eyelid suddenly crawled out and closed half of the eye” are quite common in veterinary practice and sometimes baffle general practitioners. This phenomenon is most often not an eye pathology, but a syndrome of certain diseases.
1. With unilateral prolapse of the third eyelid, it is necessary to exclude in dogs and cats:

Atrophy of the eyeball.
Inflammatory process / neoplasm of the maxillary, nasal bones, orbit.
Retro and parabulbar abscesses and hematomas
Syndrome of violation of sympathetic innervation (Bernard-Horner syndrome)
Paresis / paralysis of the facial nerve.
In cats - a consequence of herpes virus infection (simblefaron), unilateral viral conjunctivitis.
2. With bilateral prolapse of the third eyelid, it is necessary to exclude in dogs and cats:
Foreign body behind the third eyelid, damage to the cornea, trauma (bite, puncture of the third eyelid), inversion of the third eyelid, torsion of the eyelids.
Damage to the central nervous system (hemorrhages, neoplasms in the middle, medulla oblongata and brain stem); syndrome of violation of sympathetic innervation (Bernard-Horner syndrome).
Severe intoxication, dehydration, cachexia.
For cats:
Sequelae of herpes virus infection (symblepharon), bilateral viral conjunctivitis.
Worm infestations, latent viral infections (without pronounced clinical signs), stress.
As is clear from the above, as such, there is no treatment for third eyelid prolapse. When the main cause of the disease is eliminated, the third eyelid gradually restores its normal position.

Prolapse and hyperplasia of the gland of the third eyelid

The third eyelid gland is an accessory lacrimal gland that wraps around the crus of the T shaped cartilage of the third eyelid. It, as a rule, is located medioventricularly in relation to the eyeball and is not visible, although it actively participates in moisturizing the eyeball. Under certain conditions, this gland can increase in volume and fall out, i.e. appear between the cornea and the third eyelid in the form of a rounded swelling. On the other hand, this swelling may be due to neoplasm of the lacrimal gland or cartilage of the third eyelid.

Lacrimal gland prolapse usually occurs in young dogs of brachycephalic breeds with loose subcutaneous adipose tissue, such as American Bulldogs, Sharpei, Chow Chow, Canne Corso.

As for various oncological diseases, they are more common in older animals and do not have a pronounced breed predisposition.

Etiology.

The reasons for the prolapse of the lacrimal gland of the third century are the weakness of the ligaments that hold it in its normal position, eversion of the base of the cartilage of the third century, neoplasms of the lacrimal gland (adenoma), hyperplasia of the gland of the third century due to leukemia.

Symptoms.

Unexpected protrusion of an enlarged third eyelid gland between the margin of the third eyelid and the cornea is quite common in young dogs. Appears as a periodically or constantly appearing round intensely pink swelling with a diameter of up to 10-15 mm. In the inner corner of the eye. Neoplasias (tumors) of the lacrimal gland and cartilage of the third eyelid are relatively rare.

The treatment of this pathology is only surgical, it should be aimed at fixing the prolapsed lacrimal gland to the periosteum of the zygomatic bone.

Removal of the gland or cartilage of the third eyelid is carried out only as a last resort (in the presence of neoplasms), because. after removal of the gland, there is a high probability of developing dry eye syndrome, pigmentary keratitis and, as a result, loss of vision and pain in the patient.

In the postoperative period, the use of antibiotic-containing, anti-inflammatory drops for 7-10 days is indicated.

But, as it turned out, neither the high rating of the kennel, nor the eminent blood of the offspring, nor the expensive cost of a sweet puppy (the cost of "show class" puppies in Moscow ranges from 1.5 - 3 thousand USD) do not give any guarantees that the puppy will grow up healthy, without congenital diseases, such as hip dysplasia. And most importantly - that the puppy will have a balanced psyche, he will not be cowardly (imported puppies from Italy, they fly on an airplane in the cargo hold, the fear experienced in puppyhood can remain for life).

Agree, when buying a guard dog, you believe that it will justify your hopes and will protect and protect you and your family until the last breath, and not shake like an aspen leaf from every rustle. But for many breeders (in my opinion) this is the least of their worries. The main thing is the exterior, beauty, the ability to appear in the ring - and the fact that the dog is cowardly, nervous - this is carefully hidden.

Later, when you see that the dog is afraid of a lot, it will be pointless to make claims to the seller (maybe you yourself kicked the dog with a tarpaulin boot). Or, for example, in a litter a puppy was born with a wrinkled tail - no one will tell about this either, they will cut off a shorter tail, sell it cheaper, and this, by the way, is a congenital defect that is inherited.

Also, you need to be prepared for the fact that your dog turns out to be a food allergy (which we encountered). Bald ears, red eyes, an unpleasant smell - that's what can appear in a 6 - 8 month old puppy. You will be surprised "I feed the food that the breeder recommended to me." And the casket opens simply - at the time of buying a puppy, the allergen did not have time to accumulate in the animal's body, so shiny coat, a clear look give confidence that the dog is absolutely healthy.

When buying a grown dog, at the age of 5-7 months, it seems that all possible health problems are “on the face”, and rightly so, but only if the dog is socialized. If the pet lived in an aviary, a country house, and didn’t go anywhere further than the fence, it’s difficult to get used to the city (it’s not easy to bring a dog weighing 25 kg trembling with fear into the elevator 5 times a day). It will take at least a month to adapt the dog. Analyzing the above, I would like to advise future owners to choose a puppy together with a cynologist, a training instructor who knows the breed well. Show the puppy to the vet before payment. And in no case do not buy the dog that first came up, licked, etc.

12.01.2011

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A healthy one does not smell and sheds not year-round, but only seasonally, but it also requires minimal maintenance. Two or three times a week, and during the molt (in spring and autumn) we clean the Cane Corso much more often with a special rubber mitt or brush. At the same time, dead hairs, epidermis and dirt are removed, and at the same time it is an excellent massage for the skin.

After a walk, we wipe it, and in dirty weather, we rinse our paws and stomach. Cane Corso is rarely washed with soap and shampoo - only if necessary, for example, if the puppy has fallen out or been smeared in something harmful and smelly.

Once a week we examine the ears. We remove the accumulated dirt with a dry cotton swab, without penetrating deep into the ear canal. If the dog shakes its head, and the ear “squishes”, there is an unpleasant smell, purulent or other discharge from it, we turn to the veterinarian.

The eyes do not require special care. Minor accumulations of discharge in the corners of the eyes after sleep are normal. You can wipe your eyes with a cotton swab dipped in tea. If your pet rubs his eyes with his paws, blinks hard or squints, tears constantly flow, his eyelids or cornea turn red - go to the doctor again. Sometimes a cane corso pops up with an adenoma. The third eyelid becomes inflamed, reddens, swells and creeps out over the eye. Do not rush to get scared and run to the first veterinarian that comes across. Watch the dog for a day or two - sometimes the adenoma goes away on its own or even matures, and may appear on the second eye. The dog feels uncomfortable, insecure - she has an unhappy, pathetic look. You can lay eye ointment (tetracycline, for example) behind the lower eyelid. This will take the edge off a bit. After 3-4 days, if the adenoma has not gone away, contact your veterinarian. An experienced doctor will cut out the adenoma under local anesthesia. If the dog is nervous, aggressive, uncontrollable and the owner cannot keep it, then the doctor will perform anesthesia. Ask to see the other eye as well. If an adenoma was removed from your dog, it does not threaten her again.

Pay attention to the claws too. As a rule, excessively long nails cause pain to the dog and can cause incorrect movement and placement of the limbs. During the walk, the claws grind off on the asphalt. If you walk a little or on soft ground (sand, earth, snow), then the regrown sharp edge must be carefully so as not to hurt a nerve or blood vessel, bite off with special dog nippers.

In dogs of this breed, the following diseases are most common:

Dysplasia of the hip joint. Abnormal development of the hip causes excessive wear and tear on the articular cartilage, eventually leading to the development of arthritis or osteoarthritis. It is believed that this is a genetic disease, but still environment and nutrition (prevention of obesity) matters.

Bloating is a serious, life-threatening problem for large breeds. Although the diagnosis is simple, pathological changes in the dog's body make treatment difficult, expensive, and not always successful. Clearly, prevention is essential. Twice a day unhurried daily meals. Avoid strenuous exercise for two hours after eating. If symptoms appear, surgery is needed to save the dog's life.

Demodicosis is a disease caused by various types of mites. Various treatments are available.

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It is rightfully considered one of the most ancient breeds of dogs that have survived to this day in an almost unchanged form, thanks to which we can clearly see what fighting dogs looked like several millennia ago.

Description, history and character of the breed:Ancestors of dogsCane Corso Italianothere were Molossian Great Danes, who were of enormous size and bravely fought in the ancient Roman arenas with gladiators and predatory animals. But such a bloody past has remained in history, and today the Cane Corso acts only as a true friend, companion and, if necessary, a bodyguard for the owner, as well as members of his family.

The first representatives of the breedCane Corso Italianoappeared in the countryside of Puglia and southern Italy. The main purpose of these dogs was to protect the possessions of their owners. By the way, "Cane Corso" in Italian means "a dog that guards possessions." The representatives of the breed turned out to be courageous, sensitive and very reliable watchmen. In addition, Cane Corso was used to bait wild animals. Despite its many positive qualities, at one time the breed was literally on the verge of extinction. It was possible to save the situation thanks to the exorbitant efforts of several fans of the breed. Today, nothing threatens the number of Cane Corso, and representatives of this breed are very popular in many countries of the world. Cane Corso owners claim that their pets inspire a sense of security and safety., which cannot be compared with any even the most modern security system. In addition, representatives of the breed are distinguished by their poise and stable psyche, and they show aggression only in case of real danger.The main value and meaning of the Cane Corso's life is his family. He is very devoted to each of the people close to him, and he simply does not have a soul in children, which makes him an excellent and reliable nanny.

Also an interesting fact is that, despite his athletic form, Cane Corso by nature is a real homebody. He does not like to stray far from his own home and is absolutely averse to vagabond antics.

In addition, the representatives of the breed are characterized by a natural upbringing. These dogs are peaceful, and almost always unconditionally recognize the authority of the owner.

Typical dog diseases cane corso italiano

Cane Corso Italiano diseaseepipathy - pliver failureis acute and chronic. The development of the acute form of the disease is rapid. Note that acute liver failure in dogs is characterized by reversibility recommend

Cane Corso Italiano diseaseancreatitis, toIn general, the exact cause of pancreatic injury in dogs is not known. Fatty foods, overweight, infectious diseases, obstruction can provoke the diseasepancreatic ductrecommend

Breed diseasefatty dystrophy of the liverrecommend

Enterocolitis dthis pathology inCane Corso Italianoassociated with improper feeding and predisposition to allergic conditions. In most cases, enterocolitis in dogs occurs against the background of acute infections.recommend

hip dysplasia diseaseatCane Corso Italianois a common congenital disorder. As a rule, large breeds face it. It is characterized by a violation of the activity of the musculoskeletal system of the hind limbs of the animalrecommend

Appearance and breed standardsCane Corso Italiano

The Cane Corso Italiano is a large, strong and muscular dog with an elegant build. Representatives of the breed are characterized by a massive square-shaped head with a short muzzle, hanging high-set triangular ears, which are often cropped at the base, and small dark eyes that look at the world around them with a penetrating and attentive look.

The height at the withers of the Cane Corso can vary between 60-68 centimeters, and the weight is from 40 to 50 kilograms.

The coat of the representatives of the breed is short, thick and shiny, with a weak undercoat. The color can be black, lead gray, slate gray, light gray, light red, dark red and brindle. The breed standard allows white spots on the chest, legs or on the top of the nose.

Features of the maintenance, care and health of the Cane Corso Italiano