Development of dyskinesia in the duodenum and its treatment. Intestinal dyskinesia - what is it? Treatment of intestinal dyskinesia

Often a person is lost in the unknown: what happened to his intestines? An insidious disease encircles the entire abdomen. The patient is perplexed about what is bothering him, why constant constipation suddenly gave way to frequent diarrhea, and unbearable pain sometimes bothers him for hours... Intestinal dyskinesia is a common disease among both adults and children. How to recognize the disease, relieve pain and normalize intestinal functionality?

Dyskinesia or spastic colitis– a common disease, especially among the female population. The disease manifests itself as a whole complex of digestive disorders, small and large intestines. Irritable bowel syndrome is another name for dyskinesia. Against the background of pain, the functionality of the colon mucosa is disrupted. Let's consider the types of spastic colitis, the main symptoms, the causes of the disease and acceptable methods of therapy.

Symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia in adults

The symptoms of colon dyskinesia vary significantly among patients, so it is often difficult for a doctor to diagnose the disease. Characteristic symptoms spastic colitis:

Pain syndrome in the abdominal area - main feature illness. Often the patient is not able to explain where it hurts, since the pain is localized widely.
Varied nature of pain. This is a boring or aching, dull or paroxysmal, cutting pain that lasts from several minutes to several hours.
Another sign of the disease is that the pain stops at night, but returns again when the person wakes up.
Feeling of pain in the intestines after meals, against the background of psycho-emotional disorders.
Spastic colitis is manifested by frequent bowel movements in the form of diarrhea.
Frequent constipation, alternating loose stools with or without mucus. Many people note relief after bowel movements and the release of gases that swell the stomach and cause bloating.
Constant rumbling in the abdomen also makes it difficult to feel comfortable. There are cases that rumbling in the stomach is the only symptom that manifests itself with dyskinesia, making it difficult to make a diagnosis of insidious, hidden disease.
Patients complain of dull pain in the heart or back, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and depression.

Types of disease

Colon dyskinesia is of two types:

as an independent disease with impaired intestinal motility, called “primary spastic colitis”,
a disease that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of other organs digestive tract(liver disease and poor flow of bile, pancreatitis, gastritis, cholecystitis) and hormonal changes in the endocrine system (so-called “secondary colitis”).

Judging by clinical picture course of the disease, dyskinesia is distinguished with painful diarrhea, constipation and mucous colic (hypermotor colitis).

Spastic (hypermotor) dyskinesia

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Hypermotor or spastic dyskinesia of the intestine is manifested by an increase in its tone and the presence of spastic contractions. The patient is exhausted by constant loose stools, which is accompanied by pain and colic. Abdominal pain is paroxysmal. There is bloating in the abdomen due to the accumulation of gases (flatulence). Often the patient notices belching, feels heaviness, fullness of the intestines and abdomen.

Atonic (hypomotor) dyskinesia

Atonic or hypomotor dyskinesia is characterized by a sharp weakening of peristalsis and tone of the colon and, as a result, intestinal constipation occurs. This problem is often aggravated by bursting pain in the lower abdomen from the accumulation of dense fecal masses. Against the background of constant constipation, the general condition of the body worsens, the patient suffers from nausea, belching, weakness, and constant mood swings. Chronic constipation intestines lead to the formation of hemorrhoids, fissures, and rectal polyps.

Causes of intestinal dyskinesia

There is an opinion that primary spastic colitis occurs due to factors psychogenic in nature: stress, tension, prolonged depressive states, negative emotions. The nature of the food consumed in the diet also makes its mark on the condition of the colon: a limited amount of fiber provokes the development of the disease. Primary dyskinesia is also due to the penetration of pathogens intestinal infection.

Secondary colitis manifests itself as a result of previous and chronic organ ailments abdominal cavity(liver, pancreas, spleen, as well as the formation of ulcers in the stomach). Hormonal disorders (pituitary gland), diabetes are also considered harbingers of the disease in question - colon dyskinesia. Excessive use of antibiotics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, psychotropic drugs- a sure way to the occurrence of secondary spasmodic colitis of the intestine.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dyskinesia is based on the use of an exclusive exclusion method. A phased examination includes:

exclusion of dangerous pathologies of the large intestine (tumors, polyps, diverticulum),
scatological research,
stool test for the presence bloody discharge,
irrigoscopy,
endoscopy,
intestinal biopsy if necessary.

Find out more: intestinal diverticulosis - what it is, how to treat the disease.

Methods for treating intestinal dyskinesia

Treatment of colitis is carried out both with medication and with the help of folk remedies. Doctors often recommend approaching the problem of dyskinesia in a comprehensive manner, combining medications, healing agents herbal medicine, psychotherapy methods. It is important to always monitor your diet - nutrition should be balanced, rich in vitamins, fiber. Sufficient quantity fresh vegetables, fruits, juices reduce the risk of relapse of spastic colitis. To avoid the development of the disease, prolonged constipation should not be allowed, that is, monitor bowel movements and avoid stress.

Drug treatment

The method of treating intestinal colitis depends on the type of dyskinesia:

In case of hypermotor intestinal colitis, the use of laxatives is excluded, and antispasmodic tablets (no-spa, papaverine) are prescribed.
For the second type of colon disease, enzyme preparations are used, choleretic agents, a combination of vitamin B1 and potassium chloride, metoclopramide.
To avoid constipation, patients are advised to take laxative plant extracts: buckthorn bark, senna, rhubarb, alternating them and consuming them orally no more than twice a week.

To relax the nervous system, antidepressants and antipsychotics are prescribed. Abuse of these drugs is unacceptable. Additional methods of treating dyskinesia (spastic intestinal colitis) include psychotherapeutic methods: autogenic training, meditation, hypnosis, yoga and a physical therapy complex of special exercises (physical therapy). According to experts, the best therapeutic effect comes from the combined effects of existing methods for treating dyskinesia.

Special diet

Products must be of high quality, without preservatives, dyes and various flavoring additives.
Porridges are healthy (oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, wheat), but the consumption of rice should be limited.
The daily diet should be varied with a sufficient amount of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in fiber to restore intestinal functionality.
It is good for chronic intestinal constipation to drink juices (apple, carrot, beetroot, cabbage) on an empty stomach.
Drink a large number of liquids per day (from 1.5 l).
Steam or boil food. Eliminate fried, fatty, spicy dishes.
Do not consume fatty sour cream, fatty fish and meat.
Fermented milk products should be on the menu every day.
Eliminate flour products, sweets, white bread, white cabbage, garlic, radishes, turnips, and mushrooms from your diet.
Don't add enough salt to your food.
It is useful to drink rosehip decoction, but without sugar.
Doctors, as a rule, recommend eating small portions, at least 5-6 times a day. Don't overeat.

By following these simple recommendations, you will be able to achieve significant success: intestinal motility will improve, preventing the occurrence of constipation. As a result, spastic colitis does not progress, but rather the opposite: intestinal dyskinesia recedes.

Folk remedies

Considering effective methods alternative treatment, we can highlight acupuncture and herbal medicine. Traditional medicine is used for a long time to achieve the desired effect and complete cure neluga. Folk recipes will help women during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Infusion for the treatment of colon dyskinesia

Ingredients: a mixture of oak bark, sage herb, motherwort, St. John's wort flowers, yarrow - 2 tbsp. l.

Indications: intestinal diseases, in particular spastic colitis or dyskinesia.

Application: cook medicinal infusion, pouring the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water. Leave for 2 hours. Strain and take 100 ml before meals four times a day.

Healing collection for restoring normal peristalsis of the rectum

Ingredients: valerian root (1 tsp), mint leaves, chamomile flowers.

Indications: an infusion of the above ingredients is used for stool disorders and for the treatment of spastic (atonic) colitis.

Application: Take 1 tsp. each plant, pour a glass of boiling water. You need to insist for at least 20 minutes. Strain and drink half a glass three times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Mineral waters will also help:

Regular consumption of low-mineralized water will help with intestinal diarrhea (Essentuki 14, Jermuk). Drink warm before meals, a glass of liquid. Acceptable daily norm– twice a day: morning and evening.
For constipation, take highly mineralized mineral water (Batalinskaya or Essentuki No. 17). Nutritionists recommend taking 200 g three times a day, half an hour before meals.

Including fiber-rich vegetables, fruits, and bran bread and cereals in your daily diet will help prevent constipation from recurring. At the moment when abdominal pain worsens, they switch to a “gentle” diet. Its duration is 3-5 days. These days it is recommended to eat a boiled egg, lean chicken broth, rosehip decoction, and jelly. A compress on the abdominal area has excellent effectiveness:

Ingredients: vinegar – 1/2 cup, water – 3 liters.
Indications: the compress is used to relieve spastic colic and pain due to dyskinesia.
Application: moisten gauze in a vinegar compress and apply it to the stomach. Leave for an hour.

Also effective for spastic colitis pine baths, paraffin applications. Using many of the above recipes in combination will allow you to enjoy life, and not experience constant inconvenience and painful sensations associated with the disease. The person will perk up, and the illness will recede.

Features of the disease in children

Atonic or spastic colitis often occurs in early childhood. As in adults, the disease progresses in almost the same way in children: constipation is replaced by diarrhea. With the spastic type of dyskinesia, the child suffers from abdominal pain that does not go away even with a large dose of antispasmodic drugs. It is easy to diagnose intestinal problems in a baby if the stomach is swollen and your touch causes the baby to cry. In addition, in the presence of the following symptoms, the development of intestinal colitis is confirmed:

the child refuses to eat (lack of appetite),
pale skin,
physical activity is reduced.

Secondary manifestations of the inflammatory process in the large and small intestines in children:

a sharp decrease in body weight,
muscle dystrophy,
intestinal dysbiosis,
anemia.

During the treatment of dyskinesia, it is important to regulate the regimen physical activity, nutrition and rest of the child.

Often, dysfunction of the intestinal digestion begins due to a decrease in the amount of enzymes produced. Secondary spastic colitis develops as a complication of chronic pancreatitis. The same condition of the patient is observed with improper functioning of the bile ducts of the liver. As a result of untimely supply of bile gallbladder fermentation occurs in the intestines and an insidious, debilitating disease develops. A characteristic symptom in this case will be fatty stool with a small admixture of mucus.

How can I help my child with a digestive disorder called colon dyskinesia?

To relieve pain, apply a warm heating pad to your tummy, the effect will be in just a few minutes.
If a child constantly suffers from intestinal constipation, give him a laxative in the dosage indicated in the instructions.
When frequent urges A decoction of chamomile and calendula, a hard-boiled egg or thick jelly will help with the act of defecation. Take these measures before the pediatrician arrives.

Find out in more detail what intestinal colitis is - symptoms and treatment in adults.

Video by Dr. Komarovsky about intestinal dyskinesia in a child

Diseases duodenum occupy one of the leading places among all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, if previously they appeared in people over 30 or 40 years old, now the diseases have become significantly “younger”. And therefore, in order to prevent their further development in time, it is necessary to know the symptoms of manifestation in order to promptly contact a specialist.

Duodenum

At twelve duodenum the process of intestinal digestion begins.

Before moving on to what diseases a person may develop and what symptoms they will manifest, it is necessary to pay attention to the organ itself, learn about its functions and purpose.

It must be said right away that the name duodenum was given for a reason. Its length is 25-30 centimeters, or as they also consider 12 sizes of a human finger (transverse). The intestine is divided into four sections:

Upper. This part of the intestine is directed obliquely, and then forms a slight bend and passes into the next part. Its length is approximately 5 or 6 centimeters
Descending. This section is located immediately after the upper one. And if we talk roughly about its location (to make it more clear), then it is approximately at the level of the lumbar region to the right of the spine. In this part of the intestine there is a very important fold with a papilla from which ducts extend. The length of this part of the intestine is approximately 7 to 12 centimeters
Lower. This area is located transverse to the spine. Its length is approximately 6-8 centimeters
Rising. This is the shortest part of the intestine, the length of which is from 4 to 5 centimeters (depending on individual characteristics organism). This part is located directly at the level of the lumbar region. But in some people it is not clearly expressed

In addition, the duodenum has one anatomical feature that depends on age and fullness. So, in people who are fuller and younger, it is located much higher than in thin or elderly people. If we talk about the functions of the organ, they are as follows:

The process of intestinal digestion begins in it, that is, the food bolus is treated with acid and alkali to such a state that its further passage is possible
Regulates the release of pancreatic enzymes depending on what food is ingested and how much effort is required to digest it
Supports feedback between the stomach, that is, it has a direct impact on the normal functioning of all digestive processes

And therefore, if some pathological changes occur in the duodenum, and it stops working as the body requires, this will negatively affect all organs digestive system, and then in general throughout the human body.

Duodenitis

Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum.

One of the most common diseases of this organ is duodenitis, or otherwise inflammation of the duodenum. There are many reasons for the development of the disease, however, doctors note that as an independent disease it is quite rare. It mainly develops due to the influence of the following negative factors:

Food poisoning. At least once in his life a person ate foods that caused him food poisoning. For some it could occur in a weaker form, but for some it had to be caused ambulance. And it is precisely this kind of poisoning that can provoke the development of duodenitis
Poor nutrition, namely abuse of spicy foods. Since the mucous membrane becomes inflamed only because it is damaged in some areas, something must be damaging it. And just like that spicy food negatively affects the condition of the mucous membrane, contributing to its destruction
Abuse of alcoholic beverages, which negatively affect not only the duodenum, destroying it, but also the entire body as a whole
Damage to the mucosa foreign object. Such damage can occur if the remains of shellfish, bones, etc. enter the body.
The presence of foci of infections in the body
The presence in the body of such a harmful bacterium as Helicobacter, which has a destructive effect on the stomach and duodenum, respectively
Stress, during which the body’s main forces are aimed at maintaining emotional state, and this is done at the expense of the well-being of other organs
Taking certain medications that negatively affect the mucous membrane, destroying it

Depending on what caused the development of the disease, the chosen treatment tactics will depend, because initially doctors fight not only the symptoms, but also the irritants (provocateurs). If we talk about the symptoms of duodenitis, there are a lot of them:

Digestive problems, which can manifest as heaviness in the stomach, a feeling of overeating, even if not much food was eaten
Poor appetite due to digestive problems
Attacks of nausea and sometimes vomiting that occur during an exacerbation
Painful sensations in the abdominal area, and the pain does not have a specific character of manifestation
Night hunger pains, which cause a person to get up at night and either eat or take a pill
Impurities of blood in the stool or vomit, which appear there due to damage to the mucous membrane. And this means that the damage is much more serious than the person himself assumes
Anemia, which indicates that there is a bleeding site in the body
Constant weakness due to anemia, poor appetite

Depending on which part of the duodenum the lining of the duodenum is damaged and inflamed, symptoms may vary slightly, especially when it comes to pain after eating. If damaged upper section, then it will appear much earlier than if the lower one.

Peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcers can be caused by Helicobacter bacteria.

Almost every person knows that there is such an unpleasant and dangerous bacteria, like Helicobacter, which provokes the appearance of ulcers in gastrointestinal tract, and the duodenum is no exception. Of course, this is not the only reason.

This also includes increased acidity gastric juice, which enters the upper intestine, weak immunity, genetic predisposition, stress, poor diet, etc. But the cause does not play a special role in the manifestation of symptoms. They will be the same in any case. To the main symptoms peptic ulcer duodenum include:

Painful sensations, which are one of the most basic symptoms that a person has developed an ulcer. Moreover, duodenal ulcers are characterized by special manifestations of pain. So, it appears mainly on an empty stomach, or after about 2 hours have passed after eating. But that's not all. Patients note that most often they are tormented by pain at night, which occurs due to a strong accumulation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach at night. Sometimes pain occurs in case of poor nutrition, namely the consumption of spicy, fatty, salty, alcohol, etc.
Heartburn, and some patients note that it begins abruptly and does not go away on its own. I have to drink special drugs because at some moments the heartburn becomes unbearable
Belching. This is one of those symptoms that causes a person more discomfort, as it appears very suddenly and at inopportune moments.
Bloating
Nausea, which can occur at any time of the day or night
Vomiting, and it brings relief to the patient. And often, in order to somehow improve their well-being, a person specifically calls it
Constipation. For people with duodenal ulcers, stool retention lasts for several days, and in the most severe cases, for several weeks.
An admixture of blood in the stool, which appears due to damage to the mucous membrane. But to a greater extent, blood is present in the stool after long-term constipation, when the stool itself can damage the intestinal walls
Losing weight while the person continues to eat normally and consumes the same amount of calories as always

Doctors note that symptoms may appear once a year, or several times. Yes, and a certain seasonality stands out. Thus, most patients with duodenal ulcers note that there are much more attacks in spring and autumn than in summer and winter.

The following video will tell you in detail about peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum:

Duodenal dyskinesia

Another serious disease, the symptoms of which are similar to those listed above, is duodenal dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is a disorder of motor function, due to which chyme is retained in the intestine. Symptoms of the disease will be as follows:

Pain after eating, which will intensify immediately after eating, and subside a little after a while
Constipation, which causes many others discomfort. Moreover, the most dangerous thing that can happen as a result prolonged constipation– this is an intoxication of the body, during which a person’s well-being will sharply deteriorate. And if treated incorrectly, it can be fatal.
Poor appetite, and after this the patient’s weight will decrease
Heaviness after eating, which is difficult to relieve with medications
Nausea and sometimes even vomiting

The symptoms are quite common, and therefore only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis, who, based on the research carried out, can prescribe the correct treatment.

Duodenal cancer

Duodenal cancer develops quickly and is therefore difficult to detect at an early stage.

Every year the number of cancer patients increases, and if previously tumors mainly appeared in the mammary glands, stomach, and lungs, now the disease is gradually moving to other places.

And those forms that were common before have now faded into the background. Duodenal cancer is no exception. This diagnosis is often made today. Symptoms of a tumor (malignant) include:

Pain that occurs due to tumor enlargement. At the moment when the tumor begins to grow, it puts pressure on the nerve endings, which transmit such impulses to the brain. The larger the tumor, the more it puts pressure on the endings, the stronger the pain
The appearance of biliary hypertension, which is manifested by stool discoloration, jaundice (both weak and strong), dark urine. Moreover, hypertension can cause neurological disorders, including unreasonable irritability
Constant fatigue. Sometimes a person can walk long distances and not feel tired, and sometimes in the morning it is even difficult for him to get out of bed, his body is so exhausted
Dramatic weight loss, with some patients noting that their diet has not changed much
Skin itching. Moreover, the use of creams and antihistamines and hormonal drugs Does not help
Fever, when a person gets hot and cold. And this condition is very difficult to control

Duodenal cancer develops quickly, so doctors are not always able to detect it at an early stage.

The symptoms of duodenal disease are almost the same, which is why, in some cases, making an accurate diagnosis can take much longer than initially expected. But the most important thing is to pay attention to the ailment in general, so that there is a chance to recover and return to a normal and fulfilling life.

Intestinal dyskinesia is a pathology caused by a decrease in intestinal tone and motor function. The main category of patients is women and children; intestinal dyskinesia is much less common in men. In women, gynecological diseases are added to the provoking factors common to all.

Problems of the pelvic organs cause disturbances in the motility of the digestive organs. Children suffer from this disease due to their excitability or hypovitaminosis, which has a detrimental effect on the growing body.

Diet is an important part of treatment

If you have dyskinesia, you should not eat fatty foods.

Most often, this disease is provoked by dietary disorders and bad eating habits.

In children, such habits are formed by parents, so most of the responsibility for the appearance of dyskinesia in a child falls on them.

Excess weight is another cause of intestinal pathology. Following a diet will help restore the optimal weight of a sick person.

In addition to overeating, dyskinesia is caused by dietary disorders - an excess of refined foods and animal fats. To achieve sustainable remission, you will have to stick to the diet for a long time. Basic Rules:

Do not eat fatty foods;
Adhere to gentle methods of food processing - stewing, steaming;
Keep your food intake even - at least 5-6 times a day.
Avoid overeating, eat small portions.

In case of exacerbation of dyskinesia, adhere to the following nutritional principles for 2 weeks:

You need to eat pureed food, or twisted through a meat grinder, evenly chopped.
Fruits are baked in the oven or rubbed through a sieve;
Fresh fruits should not be consumed during an exacerbation; even bananas are steamed and wiped afterwards;
Fruit and berry juices are diluted by half or a third with water; vegetable juices are not consumed at all.

Principles of diet for intestinal motility disorders

Fruits and vegetables must be sterile.

There are 2 types of intestinal dyskinesia. Treatment of each of them, as well as the diet used, requires taking into account the symptoms of the disease.

Hypomotor dyskinesia is a decrease in peristalsis and general intestinal motility. Symptoms of hypomotor dyskinesia: rare stools, constipation, flatulence, pain and heaviness in the abdomen.

The main factor of dyskinesia is excessive sterility of products, especially fruits and vegetables, a minimum amount of fermented milk products, cereals, and wholemeal bread in the diet.

Hypermotor dyskinesia is excessive intestinal motility. The bolus of food passes through the intestines too quickly, the main substances are not absorbed through its walls, rushing to the exit. The main symptoms of hypermotor dyskinesia are attacks of spasmodic pain, frequent cases bowel movements, diarrhea.

The main reason for this pathology is incompatibility of products, poisoning by microorganism toxins. Each diet has its own patterns aimed at improving the patient’s condition, however, there are general principles for the formation of a diet and new eating habits. Basic principles of the diet:

Meals should only be fractional, the total diet should be divided into 5-6 servings, replacing the usual 3-4 meals.
To prevent overeating, portions should be made small, the average volume of each is 200-250 ml.
Plant fiber is very important for optimal bowel function. To obtain it, they eat vegetables, fruits, berries, and herbs. These products should be present in every meal; chopped herbs are sprinkled on every dish.
Refractory animal fats are not included in the diet of a person with dyskinesia. You can include unrefined sunflower oil in its menu (up to 10 ml/day).
Salted, pickled, smoked, spicy foods and dishes are not included in the diet of a patient suffering from this pathology. The preferred processing method is boiling in water or steaming, baking in the oven.
Complex carbohydrates and refined foods are excluded from the menu for dyskinesia, share simple carbohydrates is reduced to a minimum. This confectionery such as cookies, as well as tea and other dishes with added sugar (no more than 30 g in total).

The video will introduce you to the features of the diet for intestinal dyskinesia:

Features of nutrition for hypomotor dyskinesia

Dried fruits stimulate intestinal function.

Since the main goal of this type of diet is to stimulate motility and speed up bowel movements, it is important to include certain dishes in the menu.

Despite the restrictions, such a diet must take into account all the needs of the body. Foods and dishes that stimulate bowel function:

fresh, baked, stewed, steamed
vegetables, greens;
fresh fruits, berries, apples are especially useful;
dried fruits;
hard-boiled eggs (no more than 2 pieces per day);
wholemeal bread;
dairy products;
first courses, mainly cooked in vegetable broth (borscht, pickles, cereal-based soups);
well-boiled porridge cooked in water;
lean varieties of veal, beef, rabbit, chicken,
turkey, offal, sea and river fish;
natural butter, vegetable oils;
sweets in minimal quantities (honey, jelly, jam, ice cream);

It is very useful to add bran from various cereal crops (wheat, buckwheat, rye) to the first and second courses in courses of 6 weeks. They are poured with boiling water in advance or mixed with soups and side dishes. Bran helps to establish regular bowel movements. For the same purposes, it is recommended to eat cold food.

Spices are added to dishes moderate amount. Recommended drinks are kvass, weak black and green tea. It is undesirable to consume foods that stimulate fermentation and rotting of food, or foods that remain in the digestive tract for a long time.
Prohibited products:

fatty varieties of meat and fish products, canned food from them;
rice products, semolina, rolled oatmeal, pasta;
pastries, white bread, cookies;
confectionery with chocolate, coffee, cocoa;
astringent fruits (blueberries, quince);
cabbage and legumes;
juices from apples and grapes;
alcohol of any strength.

Features of nutrition for hypermotor dyskinesia

Kissel slows down progress food bolus.

With increased intestinal motility, the main goal of the diet is to provide the body with mineral salts, vitamins, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, lacking due to too rapid bowel movements and frequent diarrhea.

They begin to be introduced into the diet after a persistent improvement in health, preferably in boiled form, as well as in the form of juices (from a quarter to half a glass 2-3 times a day). Foods and dishes to slow down intestinal motility:

Slimy soups, pureed porridges, jelly - the best astringents to slow down the movement of the food bolus without irritating the intestinal mucosa.
Compotes and baked desserts from pears, bird cherry, quince, blueberry, dogwood. The tannins contained in these berries and fruits bind and firm the stool. In their raw form, these products have the opposite effect, stimulating peristalsis.
Strong green tea.
Side dishes and dishes made from rice and semolina.

To slow down peristalsis, it is advisable to eat food warm. Slag-free diet with minimal fiber content and increased concentration vegetable fats will help treat hypermotor dyskinesia. Prohibited foods for increased peristalsis:

Fatty meats (pork, lamb, beef, goose, duck);
Fatty fish (mackerel, salmon, sturgeon);
Baking, white bread;
Food with high content starch;
Products that cause gas formation and irritate the mucous membrane (white cabbage, radish, peas, radishes, onions, garlic);
Carbonated drinks, alcohol in any form;
Fried, smoked, canned, pickled foods.
Hot seasonings, spices (mustard, horseradish, pepper, adjika).

Sample menu

The morning should start with cottage cheese.

Morning - porridge with water, salad boiled vegetables or cottage cheese with sour cream, or buckwheat with dried fruits. Drinks – tea with dried bread, fermented baked milk.
Second breakfast - fresh fruit or compote, jelly.
Lunch – vegetable soup with cereal or vegetarian soup with vermicelli, for the second - vinaigrette with vegetable oil or stewed fish with vegetables, for the third - dried fruit compote, jelly.
Afternoon snack – fresh fruit, compote with dry cookies, biscuits, crackers.
Dinner – buckwheat or millet porridge, steamed omelette, tea with bread.
Snack before bed - kefir with soaked dried apricots or prunes.

Correct selection of dishes, careful selection of products corresponding to the type of dyskinesia will significantly improve the patient’s well-being, eliminate negative symptoms diseases, normalize weight, improve metabolism.

Intestinal dyskinesia is a pathology characterized by impaired intestinal tone and motility. When diagnosed, the patient does not have any organic damage, but the functional activity of the colon is significantly reduced. The disease has a negative impact on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and provokes indigestion. It is impossible to cure intestinal dyskinesia on your own - if the first symptoms of pathology occur, you should contact a gastroenterologist for full examination and drug therapy.

Intestinal dyskinesia is accompanied by inflammation and pain

Etiology

The causes of intestinal dyskinesia are not fully understood, but most often diarrhea or chronic constipation result from neurological disorders. It is not surprising that the disease is diagnosed mainly in the fair sex, who are less resistant to stress compared to men. Dyskinesia of neurogenic origin is a difficult to diagnose pathology and requires a special approach to treatment.

Factors that provoke a decrease in motor skills also include:

lack of products with high content fiber in the diet;
abuse of fatty, fried, high-calorie foods;
decreased motor activity;
developmental predisposition allergic reactions;
bacterial and viral intestinal infections;
diseases of the endocrine system - hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal insufficiency;
genetic predisposition to colon dyskinesia;
course treatment with pharmacological antibacterial drugs, anticholinergics, anesthetics;
emotional instability.

Intestinal dyskinesia in children develops as a result of a deficiency of vitamins in the body, increased nervous excitability and disruption of the production of hormones by the endocrine glands. It is extremely rare that the cause of intestinal dyskinesia is the penetration of helminths into it.

Classification

Treatment of intestinal dyskinesia is based both on reducing the severity of symptoms and on eliminating the main cause of the decrease. functional activity colon. Therefore, when diagnosing, it is important to determine the type of pathology. Gastroenterologists classify the disease as follows:

primary - occurs as an independent pathology;
secondary - develops against the background of already existing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or endocrine system.

Intestinal dyskinesia is divided according to the predominance of certain signs in the clinical picture:

digestive disorders;
neurological disorders;
painful sensations.

Gastroenterologists also use the classification of the disease based on its occurrence:

neurogenic. The cause of the pathology is organic lesions of the central or peripheral nervous system;
psychogenic. The disease develops against the background of depression and various neuroses;
endocrine. A factor provoking intestinal dyskinesia is a disruption of the functioning of one of the endocrine glands;
toxic. Pathology occurs after the penetration of spoiled food products, poisons of plant and animal origin, heavy metals, caustic alkalis and acids into the human gastrointestinal tract;
medicinal. The disease appears in people who take laxatives or restorative medications for a long time and uncontrollably;
nutritional Dyskinesia is diagnosed in patients who have rapidly lost or gained weight;
hypodynamic. The pathology develops after surgical interventions on the abdominal organs and in people with asthenic syndrome.

Intestinal dyskinesia can be hyperkinetic or hypokinetic. In this case, motor reactions become the determining factor.

Unbalanced diet and alcohol are the main causes of intestinal dyskinesia

Main types of pathology

Intestinal dyskinesia is characterized by impaired peristalsis as a result of a decrease or increase in smooth muscle tone. Depending on the type of pathology, etiotropic and symptomatic treatment is carried out.

Hypertensive

The disease develops against a background of persistent spastic contractions of the intestines, which can cause painful colic and progressive constipation. The pain is localized in the lower abdomen and sides, it is sharp and cramping. Only bowel movement helps reduce their severity until the next exacerbation of the pathology.

Warning: “With this type of disease, bowel movements may not occur for several days, and then a large amount of feces is released. Certain areas of the colon dilate, which has a negative effect on its contractility. The sphincter tone gradually decreases and the person develops stool incontinence.”

Hypermotor dyskinesia is always accompanied by excessive gas formation. A person experiences a feeling of distension and bloating in the abdomen, an unpleasant smell from the mouth, and a formation of white coating. Palpation reveals heterogeneity of the colon - some areas are dilated and spasmodic.

Hypotonic

This type of pathology is characterized by a sharp weakening of peristalsis and a decrease in the tone of the intestinal muscle wall. A person develops chronic constipation, dull painful cramps appear in the abdomen, and a feeling of fullness and bloating occurs. The pain spreads to the entire abdominal area; it is impossible to even approximately determine its location. Hypomotor dyskinesia provokes a slowdown in metabolic processes; food stagnates in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, which causes weight gain, despite a frequent lack of appetite.

During bowel movements, feces are passed out with difficulty and in small quantities.

Warning: “The danger lies in incomplete passage of stool. Feces remain in the intestines and lead to the absorption of undigested breakdown products. Symptoms of general intoxication of the body arise - fever, indigestion, lethargy, apathy, drowsiness.”

Hypomotor dyskinesia often causes the development of allergic reactions due to a sharp decrease in immunity and chronic intoxication metabolic products. The evacuation ability of the intestines is impaired as a result of insufficient motor activity or unbalanced diet. In the absence of medical intervention, the pathology degenerates into intestinal obstruction, which can only be eliminated by emergency surgery.

Symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia can be eliminated with Motilium

Clinical picture

Despite the dissimilarity of symptoms various types dyskinesia, there are also general signs of impaired intestinal motility. Their severity depends on the age and gender of the person, a history of diseases, and the body’s resistance to viral and bacterial intestinal infections. What is characteristic of the pathology:

increased painful spasms due to emotional shock or neurological disorders;
increasing pain after each meal;
absence of pain during sleep and its resumption after breakfast;
excessive gas formation: belching with unpleasant smell, rumbling and seething in the stomach;
chronic constipation followed by diarrhea;
the appearance of greenish mucus in the stool;
pain of neurogenic origin in the heart or spine;
increased anxiety, nervous excitability, depression.

Due to chronic intoxication of the body and emotional instability, a person’s mental and physical performance. Often people consider chronic constipation or diarrhea to be an unimportant problem and are in no hurry to make an appointment with a doctor. Self-medication with laxatives or fixative drugs only aggravates the disease.

Diagnosis and treatment

Colonic dyskinesia can be detected by differential diagnosis, that is, the gradual elimination of diseases with similar symptoms. What studies does a gastroenterologist recommend for a patient:

laboratory tests of stool, urine and blood to determine the location of the inflammatory focus;
coprogram for identifying intestinal dysbiosis;
sigmoidoscopy to assess the condition of the colon;
colonoscopy to determine the type of dyskinesia;
irrigoscopy to detect damaged areas of the colon.

If the information content of these methods is insufficient, instrumental studies are carried out: ultrasound, MRI, CT scan intestines.

When choosing therapeutic tactics the gastroenterologist takes into account all factors: the type of disease and its immediate cause, symptoms. Diet for dyskinesia is one of the most important stages in the treatment of adults and children, comparable in importance to taking pharmacological drugs.

Advice: “In some cases, it is enough to adjust your diet to get rid of constipation and flatulence forever. At the initial stage of therapy, strict restriction of certain foods is required, and then gradually the list of permitted foods expands.”

Diet

A decrease in the functional activity of the intestines is always complicated by symptoms of flatulence, so you should exclude from the diet foods the consumption of which provokes excessive gas formation and triggers the processes of putrefaction and fermentation. The diet for intestinal dyskinesia is based on the absence of the following products in the daily menu:

legumes - lentils, beans, peas;
whole milk (especially if you are lactose intolerant);
potatoes, white cabbage, raw onions;
fatty meats and fish;
rich broths;
fresh white bread, various types of black bread;
alcoholic drinks;
baked goods made from puff pastry and butter dough;
strong coffee and tea;
chocolates, confectionery with custard and butter cream.

Gastroenterologists recommend that patients eat fractionally (6-7 times a day), but in small portions. During treatment, you should drink about 2 liters of clean still water daily, but only before or after meals. If you drink drinks during meals, the concentration of gastric juice will decrease, which will affect the quality of digestion. What can you eat if you have dyskinesia?

clear broths;
seafood, lean fish and meat;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese, soft cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk, Varenets;
puree soups;
juices from fresh fruits and vegetables;
dried white bread;
infusion of rose hips;
cereal porridge;
hard cookies.

At the initial stage of treatment, it is necessary to exclude from the daily menu products containing essential oils: spicy fresh herbs, radishes, radishes.

Pharmacological drugs

To reduce pain, patients are recommended to take antispasmodics: Drotaverine, Duspatalin, Buscopan, Spasmalgon. If intestinal dyskinesia is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, metoclopramide and its analogues are used in treatment. The use of antacids is advisable when there is excessive production of hydrochloric acid by the walls of the stomach. What drugs are the most effective:

Gastal;
Rennie;
Maalox;
Phosphalugel.

These drugs not only reduce acidity, but also form a strong protective film on the gastric mucosa.

Laxatives are rarely used in the treatment of the disease, as the body quickly gets used to them. IN further patient It will be difficult to empty the intestines, and the dose of these drugs will have to be constantly increased. Gastroenterologists advise taking mild cumulative laxatives with lactulose - Duphalac, Prelax.

To improve peristalsis, a course of treatment with Motilak, Trimedat or Motilium is carried out. They reduce the severity dyspeptic disorders and stimulate intestinal motility. If the causes of the pathology are neurogenic in origin, then it is necessary to take sedatives, sedatives, and in some cases tranquilizers and antidepressants - Afobazole, Tenoten, Adepress, peony tinctures, valerian, motherwort.

Dyskinesia is often diagnosed in people who neglect their diet - they like to snack on the run and consume incompatible products. Only by reviewing your diet and following medical recommendations will you be able to defeat this insidious disease forever.

Malfunctions in the intestines never go away without leaving a trace. Yes, violation normal functioning organ significantly affects both the general condition of a person and the work of many internal systems body.

One of the most common diseases that disrupt the motor function of the digestive system is intestinal dyskinesia. With this disorder, a sharp failure occurs simultaneously in several organs of the gastrointestinal tract - the small intestine.

Concept

Most often, intestinal dyskinesia is hidden from us under more familiar in medical terms is spastic colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.

In each individual case, the disease may have its own specific causes, symptoms and signs.

According to ICD 10, intestinal dyskinesia is not a separate ailment, but a whole complex of diseases. Given functional disorder manifested by pronounced pain, a feeling of discomfort in the abdominal cavity, as well as periodic changes in the consistency and frequency of stool.

A dysfunction of the organ occurs as a result of impaired tone and peristalsis. Although organic lesion there is no intestine, it is not able to work correctly.

Thus, dyskinesia is based on autonomic and neurogenic disorders that directly affect the functioning of the digestive system.

Classification

Intestinal dyskinesia does not always have a single clinical picture. So, in medical practice There are two main types of pathology - atonic and spastic, each of which can occur in primary and secondary forms.

Atonic (hypomotor) type

With the atonic type of dyskinesia, intestinal motility is sharply weakened, which leads to the person suffering from constipation for a long time.

The most pronounced symptoms are: Blunt pain and bloating. In advanced cases, the patient develops intestinal obstruction.

Spastic (hypermotor) type

This disease is a separate and independent disease characterized by impaired peristalsis of the organ.

Due to this, the sick person experiences an increase in intestinal tone, which leads to the appearance of a spasm. In the future, constipation may develop with the occurrence of painful colic.

Primary forms of intestinal dyskinesia most often appear due to certain psychological factors.

Thus, it is possible that intestinal dysfunction may occur due to stress, emotional shock, or traumatic events.

Secondary forms of the disease appear against the background of existing gastrointestinal diseases. Due to this, diagnosis and treatment are significantly difficult, since dyskinesia has quite a lot of similar symptoms with signs of other pathologies.

Causes of the disease

Intestinal dyskinesia most often occurs in people who lead an inappropriate lifestyle, namely, poor diet, abuse of alcohol and harmful products nutrition.

However, the disease can appear for completely different reasons. In this case, genetic predisposition and weak stability of the psycho-emotional background cannot be completely ruled out.

Most often, intestinal dyskinesia occurs in people aged 30-40 years. During this period of life, a person is most active, and, therefore, most likely susceptible to stress and infectious diseases.

In percentage terms, dyskinesia affects women more often than men. However, after 50 years, the gender line rapidly disappears, equalizing the number of cases.

Irritable bowel syndrome may appear in the following cases:

infection;
poor nutrition;
lack of diet;
diseases of the endocrine system;
hereditary predisposition;
acute intestinal diseases;
stress, emotional overstrain;
some gynecological diseases;
chronic stress.

Symptoms of the disease may not appear immediately. Quite often, the first signs of the disease appear several weeks or months after the start of the unfavorable period.

Irritable bowel syndrome most often affects people who suffer from increased anxiety, inability for emotional release.

Gastroenterologists have been able to establish a strong relationship between psychological and physiological factors. By acting collectively on the human body, they provoke the development of hypersensitivity, impair peristalsis and disrupt the normal evacuation of feces.

Symptoms

Dyskinesia occurs with a number of symptoms. In some cases, they are quite similar to the symptoms of other gastrointestinal diseases.

Often, when diagnosing, this misleads not only the sick, but also the doctors themselves.

It is unacceptable to start self-medication even with harmless symptoms. Quite quickly they can develop into a more acute form, which subsequently causes significant and tangible complications.

So, in standard form Intestinal dyskinesia manifests itself as follows:

severe abdominal pain;
belching air;
nausea;
feeling of heaviness;
feeling of overcrowding;
flatulence;
disorder;
discharge of mucus from the anus;
the appearance of colic;
constipation.

A diagnosis can only be made after a series of studies. First, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of the presence of organic diseases and disorders. The disease is often confused with the presence of appendicitis, which can lead to false surgical intervention.

Dyskinesia of the large intestine

Hypertensive type is characterized by:

weakness of peristalsis;
constipation;
dull pain in the abdomen;
gaining extra pounds;
allergic reactions.

For hypomotor dyskinesia, emergency treatment is indicated surgical intervention, since this problem irreversibly leads to intestinal obstruction.

Mixed intestinal dyskinesia is extremely rare. This disorder combines a number of symptoms from the first and second types of the disease. However, the treatment is more than serious.

Thin

Disease of the small intestine is characterized by the following symptoms:

bloating;
feeling of heaviness and fullness;
dull pain near the navel;
rumbling;
changes in stool consistency;
insignificant spasmodic pain.

Duodenum

Duodenal dyskinesia is most often asymptomatic. However, during an exacerbation the following symptoms may appear:

pain in the epigastric region;
heaviness in the stomach;
nausea;
vomiting with bile;
loss of appetite;
weight loss;
bloating;
stool disorder;
spastic contractions.

Colon

Dyskinesia by hypotonic type characterized increased degree danger, as it can provoke long-term stagnation of feces.

Most often it manifests itself with the following symptoms:

decreased peristalsis;
severe and frequent constipation;
expansion of the pelvic veins;
presence of hemorrhoids;
headache;
weakness;
nausea;
increased sweating;
drowsiness.

Sigmoid colon

Symptoms of sigmoid colon disease include the following:

paroxysmal abdominal pain;
dyspepsia;
gas formation;
constipation and intestinal upset;
neurotic disorders.

Features of pathology in children

In children, atonic and spastic colitis are quite common. With this condition, children may experience sudden changes in intestinal upset and constipation.

In the case of the spastic form, children suffer greatly from pain. In this case, the pain symptom practically does not respond even to strong painkillers. However, in some cases, you can help the child by applying a warm heating pad to the stomach.

The following symptoms are characteristic of children, indicating the presence of the disease:

loss of appetite;
weakness and low activity, uncharacteristic for a child, drowsiness;
pallor of the skin.

In addition to these symptoms, there are a number of secondary manifestations of intestinal dysfunction. These include sudden loss weight, anemia, muscle weakness turning into atrophy and dysbacteriosis. For maximum effectiveness, it is very important to regulate the baby’s daily routine and nutrition.

Diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract

The basis of diagnosis for intestinal dyskinesia is in some sense exclusive. In order to make this diagnosis, the doctor must exclude every disease that has similar symptoms.

Only after this can the doctor come to a final conclusion regarding dyskinesia. Among the causes of similar symptoms are usually listed some developmental anomalies.

First, the doctor conducts a preliminary examination and collects an anamnesis. Only after this the specialist prescribes laboratory tests, which include blood biochemistry and general analysis.

A mandatory measure is stool analysis. The coprogram is studied in several different forms:

Bacterial sowing;
Analysis for the presence of helminths;
Occult blood test.

The patient is also prescribed endoscopy, irrigoscopy and ultrasound. During an endoscopy, the doctor collects tissue. This is necessary for their research and implementation to obtain results about the presence of malignant cells in the intestinal tissues.

Treatment methods

The approach to the treatment of dyskinesia is always comprehensive. Therapy includes several components, including:

Drug therapy;
Psychotherapy;
Diet therapy;
Physiotherapy.

The most important component is proper, well-functioning nutrition. The correction should also concern the lifestyle in general. The patient must refuse bad habits, get rid of excess weight and do physical activity.

Treatment of the disease is almost always carried out on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is necessary only for diagnostic measures, as well as in case of certain difficulties in carrying out and prescribing therapeutic measures.

The main goal of treatment is to relieve obsessive symptoms and restore social activity. In the latter case, patients often require the help of a psychologist.

Medicines

The patient may be prescribed some psychotropic medications. These include antipsychotics, antidepressants and tranquilizers.

It is not recommended to use such drugs for a long time. Psychotherapy also plays a very important role in treatment. Dyskinesia is treated within means different methods, including autogenic training and hypnosis. The treatment tactics themselves are chosen by the psychologist.

An obligatory component of drug treatment is taking antispasmodics. The most effective is nifedipine and drug analogues. Its action allows you to restore intestinal motility. For the same purpose, a number of other drugs are prescribed, including:

No-shpa;
Halidor;
Papaverine;
Gastrocepin and much more.

If one of obsessive symptoms If there is diarrhea, the patient is prescribed indomethacin and other astringent and enveloping agents. These include:

Gastal;
Almagel;
Maalox and more.

Dyskinesia is also often treated with acupuncture.

Diet

Diet therapy includes a lot of features. These include proper nutrition, the products themselves and methods of their preparation, as well as meal patterns. Food should be steamed or pre-boiled. Intake of fermented milk products is important. Such food must be present in the daily diet.

A very useful product is porridge with water. You can take all kinds of cereals, except rice.

Flour is completely excluded from the diet, fresh bread, smoked meats, spices, canned food. Under no circumstances should you eat fatty meats or spicy foods. Instead of white bread, you should give preference to rye bread. Some vegetables are also excluded from the diet. Among them:

White cabbage;
Garlic;
Radish;
Mushrooms;
Turnip.

If you have dyskinesia, drinking alcohol, soda, coffee and strong tea is prohibited. You can replace them with dried fruit compotes or rosehip decoction. However, sugar should not be added to drinks.

Meals should be fractional. Eat in small portions and often. It affects digestion in a positive way and helps patients recover and get rid of dyskinesia.

Folk remedies

There are a number of traditional therapy methods that can help overcome the unpleasant symptoms of dyskinesia.

Other methods also help with dyskinesia, including pine and oxygen baths, decoctions of herbs that have a calming effect, and much more.

Exercise therapy

Physical therapy is very important for dyskinesia. Exercises target all muscle groups. The exercises are performed both without equipment in the form of a regular warm-up, and with the help of additions in the form of dumbbells, small weights, hula hoops and other tools. The pace of classes is moderate to fast.

The main emphasis in physical therapy is on the abdominal muscles. The most important exercises are those that shake the intestines. Among them:

Jumping rope and without;
Jogging;
Sharp, dynamic squats with jumps and more.

Such exercises not only improve the condition of the abdominal muscles, but also help normalize peristalsis. No less important are the following types classes:

Rowing;
Basketball;
Table tennis;
Swimming;
Aerobics;
Skiing and ice skating.

The main basis of exercises is the load on abdominal muscles. To do this, we work with the patient abdominal breathing, abdominal exercises, running and push-ups. The duration of classes depends on the patient’s health, age and interest.

Preventive actions

All of the preventive methods usually focus on compliance healthy image life.

The emphasis should be on giving up bad habits and on the predominance of foods rich in minerals, vitamins and useful elements food.

A person who wants to prevent dyskinesia should take care of his own psychological state. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations, nervous shock and depression.

Prevention should also include treatment of emerging gastrointestinal diseases. If diseases appear, the patient must take up their treatment and consult a doctor in time.

It is important to pay attention to the physical component of the body. At least do simple exercises needed daily. Will do morning work-out, walking or jogging.

Video about intestinal dyskinesia:

Intestinal dyskinesia - what is it?

Dyskinesia or spastic colitis is a common ailment, especially among the female population. The disease manifests itself as a whole complex of digestive disorders, small and large intestines. Irritable bowel syndrome is another name for dyskinesia. Against the background of pain, the functionality of the colon mucosa is disrupted. Let's consider the types of spastic colitis, the main symptoms, the causes of the disease and acceptable methods of therapy.

Symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia in adults

The symptoms of colon dyskinesia vary significantly among patients, so it is often difficult for a doctor to diagnose the disease. Characteristic symptoms of spastic colitis:

Pain in the abdominal area is the main symptom of the disease. Often the patient is not able to explain where it hurts, since the pain is localized widely.
Varied nature of pain. This is a boring or aching, dull or paroxysmal, cutting pain that lasts from several minutes to several hours.
Another sign of the disease is that the pain stops at night, but returns again when the person wakes up.
Feeling of pain in the intestines after meals, against the background of psycho-emotional disorders.
Spastic colitis is manifested by frequent bowel movements in the form of diarrhea.
Frequent constipation, followed by loose stools with or without mucus. Many people note relief after bowel movements and the release of gases that swell the stomach and cause bloating.
Constant rumbling in the abdomen also makes it difficult to feel comfortable. There are cases that rumbling in the stomach is the only symptom that manifests itself with dyskinesia, making it difficult to make a diagnosis of an insidious, hidden disease.
Patients complain of dull pain in the heart or back, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and depression.

Types of disease

Colon dyskinesia is of two types:

as an independent disease with impaired intestinal motility, called “primary spastic colitis”,
a disease that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of other organs of the digestive tract (liver disease and poor outflow of bile, pancreatitis, gastritis, cholecystitis) and hormonal changes in the endocrine system (the so-called “secondary colitis”).

Judging by the clinical picture of the course of the disease, dyskinesia is distinguished with painful diarrhea, constipation and mucous colic (hypermotor colitis).

Spastic (hypermotor) dyskinesia

Atonic (hypomotor) dyskinesia

Atonic or hypomotor dyskinesia is characterized by a sharp weakening of peristalsis and tone of the colon and, as a result, intestinal constipation occurs. This problem is often aggravated by bursting pain in the lower abdomen from the accumulation of dense fecal masses. Against the background of constant constipation, the general condition of the body worsens, the patient suffers from nausea, belching, weakness, and constant mood swings. Chronic intestinal constipation leads to the formation of hemorrhoids, fissures,...

Causes of intestinal dyskinesia

There is an opinion that primary spastic colitis occurs against the background of factors of a psychogenic nature: stress, tension, prolonged depressive states, negative emotions. The nature of the food consumed in the diet also makes its mark on the condition of the colon: a limited amount of fiber provokes the development of the disease. Primary dyskinesia is also caused by the penetration of intestinal pathogens.

Secondary colitis manifests itself as a result of previous and chronic ailments of the abdominal organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, as well as the formation of ulcers in the stomach). Hormonal disorders (pituitary gland), diabetes mellitus are also considered harbingers of the disease in question - colon dyskinesia. Excessive use of antibiotics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, psychotropic drugs is a sure way to the occurrence of secondary spasmodic intestinal colitis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dyskinesia is based on the use of an exclusive exclusion method. A phased examination includes:

exclusion of dangerous pathologies of the large intestine (tumors, polyps, diverticulum),
scatological research,
stool analysis for the presence of bloody discharge,
irrigoscopy,
endoscopy,
intestinal biopsy if necessary.

Video by Dr. Komarovsky about intestinal dyskinesia in a child

The term “intestinal dyskinesia” is collective in nature and unites a set of intestinal disorders that can arise as a result of long-term disturbances in the tone of the intestinal muscular lining and motility. Such disorders are especially characteristic of the large intestine. In this case, no pathological changes are detected, but the organ is still not able to perform its job normally. As a rule, the disease is more common in women, and this diagnosis is also often made in children.

Forms and types of intestinal dyskinesias

There are primary and secondary forms of disorders. Primary dyskinesia is quite independent disease, the development of which was not affected by concomitant gastrointestinal diseases. The occurrence of a secondary form is associated with taking medications (some antibiotics, diuretics and psychotropic drugs). However, it is sometimes very difficult, and sometimes simply impossible, to accurately determine the form of violations.

The nature of the disturbance in intestinal motility determines the type of intestinal dyskinesia:

Hypermotor, or spastic, is characterized by increased tone and convulsive contractions, leading to the appearance intestinal colic. Also, the main symptom of hypermotor dyskinesia is constipation.

Hypomotor, or atonic, is marked sudden weakening muscle tone and slower motor skills. The result is regular constipation, a dull ache that can last for several hours, and a feeling of fullness that can lead to intestinal obstruction both acute and chronic.

Clinical symptoms of bowel dysfunction

Symptoms of primary dyskinesia include intestinal and neurotic complaints. Some of them allow you to suspect already at an appointment with a gastroenterologist functional disorders bowel function, which will require appropriate diagnostics to confirm.

Intestinal dyskinesias are characterized by a whole complex of unpleasant symptoms that cannot go unnoticed by the patient himself.

1. Varied nature of pain. It can be dull, boring, aching, cramping, cutting. Painful sensations"spread" all over the abdomen. As a rule, there are no clear boundaries and localization locations. However, it is more intense in the lower abdomen and around the navel. Pain increases after eating and subsides after defecation or release of gas.

2. Abdominal bloating is especially worse in the evening and is accompanied by loud rumbling.

3. Feeling of fullness and heaviness in the stomach, frequent belching, constant nausea, independent of food intake.

4. Violation of stool frequency and stool consistency. Intestinal dyskinesias are characterized by constipation, which can sometimes be followed by short-term diarrhea. For dyskinesia small intestine constantly increasing diarrhea is observed.

5. Mental disorders (anxiety, depression, nervousness).

Such disturbances in the functioning of the duodenum are characterized by nausea, vomiting mixed with mucus and bile. Pain sensations are localized under the right hypochondrium or in the epigastrium. It should be noted that the pain appears in the morning and subsides at night. After awakening, its intensity increases. Constant constipation can cause hemorrhoids or anal fissures. The inability to defecate and the accumulation of feces causes intoxication, as a result of which patients complain of constant dizziness, headache, loss of strength, fatigue, decreased performance and attention, decreased appetite. Allergic reactions may occur.

Diagnostic tests confirming the diagnosis of intestinal dyskinesia

Due to the unclear location of the pain and symptoms that are very similar to those of others gastrointestinal pathologies, it is very difficult to accurately establish intestinal dyskinesia only from the patient’s words and regular examination. Therefore, gastroenterologists, as a rule, carry out diagnosis by the method of exclusion.

This diagnosis includes 3 sequential stages:

Exclusion of clearly localized (limited) intestinal pathologies: polyps, tumors, diverticula and other developmental anomalies.
Exclusion of inflammatory pathologies of the colon.
Separation of primary and secondary dyskinesia, determination of the causes intestinal disorders.

The following studies help clarify the diagnosis:

1. allow you to detect hidden blood in the stool and the presence of dysbacteriosis.

2. allows us to identify dyskinesia of the distal colon. The proctoscope is difficult to insert, and against the background of a slightly irritated mucosa, a convulsive contraction of the muscular lining of the intestine can be detected.

3. with hypermotor dyskinesia, it reveals a spasmodic area that looks like a cord, it is also noted incomplete emptying sigmoid colon. With hypomotor intestinal dyskinesia, decreased tone and expansion of the intestinal cavity are detected.

4. . Hypermotor dyskinesia is determined by the presence of peristalsis, healthy looking mucous membrane and the presence of individual spasmodic parts of the intestine. Hypomotor dyskinesia is characterized by the absence of peristalsis, the mucous membrane is usually dull and dry. Also, during the study, an intestinal biopsy can be performed, the results of which will help exclude oncological diseases intestines.

Treatment of intestinal dyskinesia

Therapy for bowel dysfunction requires integrated approach which includes:

treatment with appropriate medications;
physiotherapy;
changing not only your diet, but also your lifestyle in general.

Treatment of primary dyskinesia will require consultation with a psychotherapist, since very often it occurs against a background of constant stress and nervous tension. Psychological factor successfully eliminated by prescribing tranquilizers (Elenium), neuroleptics (Sonapax), antidepressants (fluoxetine), as well as psychotherapy sessions. The use of such drugs is possible only as prescribed by a doctor and is not advisable for a long time.

As a rule, treatment of intestinal dyskinesia is limited to proper diet. But sometimes dietary changes no longer help, and therefore resort to drug treatment, which is determined by the type of intestinal dysfunction.

Therapy for hypermotor intestinal dyskinesia includes:

to reduce pain - antispasmodic drugs (no-spa, papaverine, metacin);
antiemetics – cerucal, metoclopramide;
medicines for local application, such as oil microenemas (based on sea buckthorn, sunflower oil) and antispasmodic suppositories (buscopan, belladonna extract).

Despite the fact that constipation is a common accompaniment of dyskinesia, laxatives are contraindicated for hypermotor dyskinesia.

In case of hypomotor disorders, antispasmodics should not be used, since they promote even greater relaxation of the intestines, causing constipation and obstruction.

Drug therapy for such intestinal disorders includes:

drugs that stimulate motility - peristil, trimedate, domperidone, motilium, motilak;
antiemetics – metamol, ceruglan;
choleretic (ursosan) and enzyme (mezim, pancreatin);
anticholinesterase (ganatone, prozerin, peristil).

If drug therapy hypomotor dyskinesia does not produce results, then it is supplemented with laxative drugs. As such it is better to use herbal preparations: bisacodyl, senadexin, buckthorn bark, and also containing sodium picosulfate (guttalax). They should be taken no more than twice a week.

Diet for motor impairment

Diet is the foundation get well soon. It must contain all vitamins, minerals, essential trace elements and nutrients. However, it is necessary to include foods that stimulate intestinal motility in the daily diet, as well as exclude those that contribute to gas formation.

Following the basic principles of rational nutrition will help you get rid of unpleasant symptoms diseases. All dishes should be either steamed or well boiled. It is advisable not to chop the products, that is, cook them whole, but cut and chop them when serving.

To improve motor function, the menu should contain fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables that do not linger in the intestinal lumen and do not contribute to fermentation. These can be plums, white cabbage, apples.
Different types of intestinal disorders require adherence to a certain diet.
Hypomotor dyskinesia “requires” that daily menu consisted of fiber-rich foods such as avocado, broccoli, beets, zucchini, bell peppers, and carrots. However, you will have to exclude those vegetables and herbs that contain a large amount of essential oils (onions, celery, parsley, dill, garlic, radishes).

You should include black bread and cereals cooked exclusively in water, and low-fat soups in your diet. The presence of lean meats and fish, eggs, but not more than two per day is also permissible. In addition, every day you need to drink freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices, eat dried fruits, apples and bananas. Due to the content of organic acids, these products stimulate intestinal motor function. Fermented milk products containing live bifidobacteria are very beneficial.

To make bowel movements regular, you should eat cold food. Also in this case will help wheat bran. They need to be eaten in their pure form for 6 weeks. The bran is poured with boiling water and left for 15-20 minutes. This can be a separate dish, for example, a full meal hearty breakfast, and become an addition to any other (you can add it to soup or mix it with buckwheat and cook porridge).

Hypermotor dyskinesia “requires” a slightly different approach to nutrition. Such patients need to regularly consume vegetable oils, they will have to exclude white bread, baked goods, starch-containing foods, fatty fish and meat, spicy, smoked, fried foods, strong coffee and tea. It is advisable to consume foods that contribute to increased gas formation as little as possible.

A slag-free diet based on a large consumption of vegetable oils has also proven itself to be excellent. Foods containing fiber should be avoided as they increase contractile activity intestines and can cause abdominal pain.

As soon as intestinal motility begins to improve, you can gradually introduce vegetables, first well-cooked and then raw.

Preventive measures

First of all, people predisposed to developing intestinal dyskinesia should strengthen nervous system. To do this, you can undergo a course of treatment, if necessary, taking sedatives and tonics.

To strengthen the immune system and “fighting spirit”, it is recommended to exercise regularly and carefully monitor your diet. It is also very important to promptly treat any gastrointestinal disorders, seeking the help of specialists, rather than self-medicating.