How is testosterone produced naturally in men? Healthy lifestyle

The main male sex hormone (androgen), which plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues (testes, prostate), in the formation and development of male secondary sexual characteristics; occupies an important place in metabolism, sexual desire, mood regulation; affects the cognitive functions of the brain (the ability to understand, cognize, study, realize, perceive and process the information received).
Normal testosterone levels play a huge role in maintaining optimal weight, and also reduces the risk of degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer.
Testosterone - anabolic steroid hormone, also used by athletes to build muscle mass, increase physical energy(strength) and endurance. Long-term use may cause a temporary decrease in the production of your own testosterone.

Physiological effects of testosterone

The physiological effect that the hormone testosterone has on the body of mammals, including humans, can be classified as:

Anabolic effect includes accelerating the growth of muscle mass and physical strength, increasing bone density (bone calcification), stimulating linear bone growth, and promoting bone maturation. The anabolic effect of testosterone stimulates protein synthesis in the body, participates in the regulation of lipoprotein synthesis by the liver, modulates the synthesis of b-endorphins ("hormones of joy"), insulin, ensures retention of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphates, as well as sodium, chlorine in the body, water.

Androgenic effect in men it is expressed by the formation of the reproductive system according to the male type, the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (changes in voice timbre, growth of beard and axillary hair, etc.), activates sexual desire, spermatogenesis and potency, and is responsible for the psychophysiological characteristics of sexual behavior.
In women, testosterone is involved in the mechanism of follicle regression in the ovaries and in the regulation of the level of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland.

The effects of testosterone can be classified according to time periods

Prenatal period

IN prenatal period(from 4 to 6 weeks of pregnancy) under the influence of androgens occurs:
Genital virilization (in this process the role of testosterone is much less than dihydrotestosterone).
Development of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
Feminization or masculinization of the fetus occurs, i.e. formation of the sex of the unborn child. Gender identity is biological in nature, inherent in every person from birth and is not a matter of choice and is not subject to education.

Early childhood period

The level of androgens (testosterone) begins to increase, which is observed in both boys and girls and is expressed:
Adult type body odor. Sebaceous and apocrine glands become active during puberty. Apocrine sweat glands - (they are located in the armpits, around the nipples and in the groin), begin to function upon reaching puberty, when the hormonal status in the body changes. The glands secrete a secretion (sweat), which is believed to act on a subconscious level as a signal to attract the opposite sex.
Increased oiliness of skin and hair, acne. Most often, blackheads (acne) form in adolescence, as a rule, this is caused by an increase in testosterone levels, which steadily increases during puberty, regardless of the sex of the child.
The appearance of pubic and armpit hair, hair growth on the upper lip. Beginning of puberty.
“Growth spurt”, accelerated maturation of skeletal bones

Puberty

Puberty, or the period of puberty, is a time when sharp changes occur in the physical condition of a teenager, in particular a “growth spurt”, the formation of secondary sexual characteristics; Girls begin to menstruate (menarche), and boys experience the ability to ejaculate. In addition, this period is characterized by important changes in the psyche.
The average age of puberty for women ranges from 10-13 years, and for men, about 10-14 years. Puberty occurs earlier in girls than in boys.

Effect of pubertal hormones:
Extension sebaceous glands, this can lead to acne. Reduction of subcutaneous fat on the face.
Enlargement of the phallus, clitoris. Increased libido. Increased spermatogenesis, male fertility.
Pubic hair extending to the thighs and up to the navel, facial hair growth (sideburns, beard, mustache), legs, chest, armpits.
Loss of hair on the scalp (androgenetic alopecia).
Increased strength and muscle mass.
Deepening and deepening of the voice. Adam's apple growth.
Growth of the jaw, forehead, chin. The shoulders become wider and the chest expands.
Completion of bone tissue maturation.

Testosterone biosynthesis

The largest amount of testosterone (> 95%) in men is produced by the testicles. In the testicles of men, testosterone is secreted by the Leydig cells of the testes. In small quantities in both sexes, testosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex and even the skin (Zouboulis CC, Degitz K 2004).
The female body produces testosterone in much smaller quantities than the male body. The ovaries are responsible for the synthesis of testosterone in women; in addition, the placenta is capable of secreting testosterone.
Like other steroid hormones, testosterone is derived from cholesterol.

The amount of testosterone produced is regulated by hormones that are produced in the brain appendage - the pituitary gland, under the influence of neuroendocrine transmitters of the hypothalamus (liberins and statins).
The mechanism of testosterone synthesis can be considered on the so-called “Hypothalamus-pituitary-testes arc”.

When testosterone levels are low, the hypothalamus, located just above the brain stem, produces the hormone gonadorelin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Next, these two hormones, circulating in the blood, stimulate the testicles to produce testosterone.
Subsequently, these hormones are involved in the regulation of testosterone levels in the blood: increased testosterone levels feedback through the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to inhibit the release of GnRH and FSH/LH, respectively. Those. we see a feedback system of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - testicles.

Most testosterone circulating in the blood is bound to a carrier protein, which helps it move in the blood plasma from the site where testosterone is produced to the areas (target tissues) where it has an effect. This protein is called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).
When testosterone is transported by SHBG, it is considered "bound". In the form bound to transport proteins, testosterone hormone is inactive and unavailable for metabolic inactivation. Bound testosterone cannot play an active role in the body, and only unbound or free testosterone, entering various cells of the body, exerts its androgenic and anabolic effects. Thus, anything that affects the function or amount of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can also affect the total amount of circulating active testosterone.

Testosterone level

On average, in an adult male, the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma is 7-8 times higher than in adult woman, and, due to the fact that the metabolic needs of testosterone are greater in men, its daily production is approximately 20 times greater in men than in women, who are more sensitive to the testosterone hormone.
Testosterone levels can be identified using a simple laboratory blood test. Blood sampling for analysis is usually prescribed in the morning, when, regardless of sexual activity, testosterone levels are highest; during the day, testosterone levels can decrease by as much as 13%.

Normal total testosterone levels in men range from 300 to 1000 ng/dL (or 11 to 33 nmol/L)
Levels between 500 and 700 ng/dL are considered sufficient for young, healthy men 20 to 40 years of age.

In women, the maximum concentration of testosterone is determined in the luteal phase and during ovulation. In pregnant women, testosterone concentration increases by the third trimester, exceeding almost 3 times the concentration in non-pregnant women. During menopause, testosterone concentrations decrease.
Normal testosterone levels in women are 7 - 78 ng/dL (0.24-2.7 nmol/L).

Table. Testosterone levels in men and women

			Median ng/dl	Reference value, ng/dL
Testosterone levels in men 20-49 years old			625,0	286,0 - 1511,0
Testosterone levels in men over 50 years of age			438,0	212,0 - 742,0
Testosterone levels in adult women	After puberty and before menopause	Follicular phase	48,0	up to 118.0
		Ovulatory phase	58,0	21,0 - 104,0
		Luteal phase	44,0	up to 119.0
	Common for women
	Pregnancy	First trimester	70,0	3,0 - 230,0
		Second trimester	90,0	30,0 - 200,0
		Third trimester	110,0	30,0 - 190,0

In different clinical laboratories, testosterone levels can be measured in different systems units. Testosterone measurement units: nmol/L or ng/dL.

Conversion factor: ng/dl * 0.0347= nmol/l

Low testosterone levels. Testosterone deficiency. Testosterone deficiency. Hypotestosteronemia

Beginning around the age of 30, men experience a decline in testosterone of about 1.5 percent per year. Testosterone depletion is a normal consequence of aging in men and one of the reasons for the increased risk of developing. Men with a 10-12% decrease in the level of the male sex hormone testosterone are effeminate, soft, and sensitive. Conversely, those whose blood serum testosterone levels are 10-12% higher than normal are characterized by aggressiveness and a decreased sense of self-preservation. As soon as representatives of the stronger sex get a little nervous, overexert themselves, get sick or go hungry, the level of the male hormone testosterone in the blood decreases. A lack of the male hormone testosterone in the blood can cause changes in men's behavior, making them more irritable and causing them to experience bouts of depressed mood.
Clinically, a decrease in testosterone is manifested by symptoms of hypogonadism (loss of muscle mass and strength, decreased bone density, increased amount of adipose tissue, decreased libido, etc.).
Typically, a man's plasma total testosterone level below 300 ng/dL is considered low, and treatment is often prescribed for total testosterone levels below 350 ng/dL.
After menopause, women's bodies produce only significant amount testosterone levels and women are at much greater risk of developing osteoporosis/osteopenia and other chronic diseases later in life.

Testosterone deficiency (also called hypotestosteronism or hypotestosteronemia) is abnormally low testosterone production. It may occur due to testicular dysfunction (primary hypogonadism) or due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (secondary hypogonadism) and may be congenital or acquired.

What interferes with testosterone production?

Firstly, alcohol. Ethanol suppresses the synthesis of the male sex hormone testosterone. The second antipode of testosterone is excess weight. Over time, excess body fat can turn a man into a creature of the middle sex. The point is that in male body In addition to androgens and testosterone, a small amount of female hormones is always produced, and in the female - male hormones. If a man's weight is 30% higher than normal, the endocrine system stops the production of testosterone and increases the production of estrogen and progesterone. Under their influence, the male figure takes on effeminate forms. Here we can advise you to do strength exercises. Scientists have long found out that testosterone levels increase significantly after exercising with dumbbells.

Causes of low testosterone levels

A decrease in testosterone levels is caused by:
∙ Violation of the production of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland (including hyperprolactinemia);
∙ Taking glucocorticoids (reduce the sensitivity of tissues to hormones thyroid gland and sex hormones);
∙ Adrenal insufficiency;
∙ Hypogonadism;
∙ Chronic prostatitis(men);
∙ (men);
∙ Taking medications such as: danazol (in low doses), buserin, carbamazepine, cimetidine, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, dexamethasone, goserelin, ketoconazole, leuprolide, levonorgestrel, magnesium sulfate, methandrostenolone, methylprednisolone, metyrapone, nafarelin (women), nandrolone, octreotide, oral contraceptives in women, pravastatin (men), prednisone, pyridoglutethimide, spironolactone, stanozolol, tetracycline, thioridazine;
∙ Intake of easily digestible carbohydrates, vegetarianism, fasting, alcoholism, diet with low content fat (in women).

High testosterone levels

It is known that high levels of testosterone increase libido, so a man whose level of this hormone is high is usually sexually active, easily aroused and tireless in sex.
However, there is negative signs which indicate that a man has high testosterone levels.
∙ Often an excess of testosterone is the cause of teenage skin problems (acne, blackheads and oily skin).
∙ High levels of testosterone provoke an increase in hematocrit (the portion of blood volume accounted for by red blood cells).
∙ Exacerbation of sleep apnea. Apnea is a condition characterized by the cessation of pulmonary ventilation during sleep for more than 10 seconds.
∙ Increases susceptibility to.
∙ High testosterone promotes excessive body hair and causes “male” type, thinning hair.
∙ Exogenous testosterone causes suppression of spermatogenesis and can lead to infertility.
∙ High testosterone levels in men are believed to accelerate the aging process.
Testosterone is sometimes called the winning hormone. Its level in the blood increases after a victory in a fight, after successfully solving some problems. The feeling of satisfaction and festive mood that surrounds the winner slows down the formation of stress hormones that ensured the achievement of victory. There is an increased release of testosterone. It is clear that stress hormones (cortisol) and testosterone act in opposite ways
Recent research (2012) showed that men with increased testosterone levels lied less. According to the researchers, the testosterone hormone likely increases feelings of pride and the desire to create a positive self-image in one's own eyes.

Causes of High Testosterone Levels

An increase in testosterone levels is caused by:
∙ Itsenko-Cushing's disease and syndrome;
∙ Adrenogenital syndrome(women);
∙ Testosterone-producing testicular neoplasms (men);
∙ Chromosome set XYY (men);
∙ Virilizing ovarian tumor (women);
∙ Decrease in the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG);
∙ Taking medications such as: danazol, dehydroepiandrosterone, finasterine, flutamide, gonadotropin (in men), goserelin (in the first month of treatment), levonorgestrel, mifepristone, moclobemide, nafarelin (men), nilutamide, oral contraceptives (women), phenytoin, pravastatin (women), rifampin, tamoxifen;
∙ Excessive physical activity.

Stabilization of testosterone levels

∙ Nutrition is key to stabilizing testosterone levels. It must be a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, plant fibers, phytonutrients. Grains and glucose stimulate higher levels of insulin and cortisol. Cortisol is a regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in the body, and also takes part in the development of stress reactions (stress hormone); its high levels play a critical role in the process of blocking testosterone (cortisol is the antithesis of testosterone). A healthy blood sugar balance has crucial to stabilize cortisol and increase testosterone levels.

∙ Mono- and poly unsaturated fats Not only will they help normalize cholesterol levels, but they will also qualitatively improve the catalytic processes in your body. A study from the University of Iowa noted that unsaturated fats help you absorb more nutrients from foods. For example, fat as one of the components of salad dressing promotes better absorption useful substances from vegetables. Additionally, eating unsaturated fats is directly related to testosterone levels. The meal plan should consist of adequate amounts of good fats such as,.

∙ Avoid xenoestrogens - synthetic compounds that have the same effect on the body as female sex hormones, reducing testosterone levels. Xenoestrogens are found in tap water, plastics, household cleaning products, deodorants, soaps, cosmetics and body lotions.
The xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) is a weak estrogen and it has long been believed that household doses of it do not have a significant effect on health. But it has now been proven that, accumulating in the body, BPA can have a hormone-like effect on all organs and systems that have estrogen receptors.

∙ High intensity exercise is critical for increasing testosterone. Exercises should be explosive in nature with maximum muscle overload. The workout should be short (5-30 minutes) with minimal rest time between sets.

∙Using high quality whey protein sources post-workout increases testosterone. It's connected with high concentration branched chain amino acids such as leucine in whey protein shake. Whey protein is obtained from whey produced during the production of cheese.

(Zn). Zinc deficiency reduces testosterone levels. To increase your testosterone levels, you first need to take care of your zinc levels in your body. Include seafood in your diet (for example, oysters are high in zinc), wholemeal bread, brown rice, green leafy vegetables, lean, lean meats and brittle cheeses such as Cheshire or Lancaster. One of the best sources of zinc is pumpkin seeds.
Zinc increases sperm count and sperm motility. High zinc levels also mean lower estrogen and prolactin levels, thereby reducing the risk of prostate disease.
Too much zinc can lead to mineral imbalances and can absorb other minerals, leading to immune problems.

∙ According to a study conducted by scientists from Medical University Graz, Austria, published in the journal Clinical Endocrinology, tanning increases testosterone in men. Since vitamin D is produced by the body when exposed to sunlight, scientists recommend that fair-skinned people get at least 15 minutes daily sunbathing on the face and hands, while people with dark skin may take three times longer. Researchers tested the relationship between vitamin D and testosterone in 2,299 men over several months. They found that vitamin D levels and testosterone levels peaked during the summer months and fell during the winter. They also found that men who had at least 30 ng of vitamin D in every milliliter of blood had the highest levels of circulating testosterone.

∙ You also need to make sure that the body gets enough, especially B6 and B12, which bring testosterone and other sex hormones into a happy balance.

Testosterone and Cardiovascular Health

Recent studies have shown conflicting results regarding the importance of testosterone in maintaining health. of cardio-vascular system. However, maintaining normal testosterone levels in older men improves many parameters that reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as increased muscle mass, decreased visceral fat mass, etc.
Men whose testosterone levels are slightly above average are less likely to have high blood pressure, are less likely to have heart attacks, are less likely to be obese, and rate their health as good. However, men with high testosterone levels are more likely to be injured, are more likely to drink alcohol, are more likely to have had sexually transmitted infections, and are more likely to smoke.

Testosterone and Prostate Cancer

Prostate (prostate) cancer can develop in any man over 45-50 years of age. Its reasons have not yet been fully elucidated. The development of prostate cancer is associated with hormonal changes in older men, in particular with high levels of testosterone, the male sex hormone. Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor; its growth is stimulated by testosterone. Therefore, in men whose blood testosterone levels are higher normal indicators, occurrence cancer prostate cancer is more likely and its course will be more severe.
A 2006 article in the journal Urology noted that: “Prostate cancer can become clinical within a few months to several years of starting testosterone treatment. ... When prescribing testosterone supplements, physicians should inform patients receiving them of this risk. The doctor should frequently perform a digital rectal examination of the prostate during treatment.”
WITH advanced education dihydrotestosterone from testosterone in prostate tissue has been linked to prostatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, the development of prostate adenoma, and possibly an increased likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

Testosterone, sex and family

Men with high testosterone levels are more likely to have extramarital sex and divorce.
Fatherhood reduces testosterone levels in men and is thought to result from emotional and behavioral changes and promote paternal care.
Marriage or commitment can actually lead to lower testosterone levels.
If “love has passed”, testosterone levels decrease in men, and testosterone levels increase in women.
Men who watch sexually explicit films have an average of 35% higher testosterone levels than those who watch sexually neutral films. Testosterone reaches its maximum level 60-90 minutes after the end of the film. Men who watch sexy movies also report increased optimism and decreased fatigue.

Testosterone and sport

Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone that acts by increasing muscle protein synthesis and is used by athletes to develop muscle mass, strength, and endurance. As a result, muscle fibers become larger and recover faster than the average person. Testosterone is considered a form of doping in most sports. There are several methods for increasing testosterone levels: intramuscular injections, transdermal gel and patches (testosterone absorption occurs through the skin), implantable capsules, oral and nasal products. Long-term use of drugs that increase testosterone can cause a temporary decrease in the production of your own testosterone hormone. And also, with a long course of testosterone in athletes, a decrease in testicle size was observed.

Testosterone and women's health

Testosterone patches are effective in treating low libido in postmenopausal women. Low libido can occur as a symptom or as a result of hormonal use. contraception. Women can also use testosterone therapy to increase vitality and energy, to treat or prevent loss of bone density, muscle mass, and to treat certain types of diabetes.
Low testosterone levels in women after menopause can trigger the development of osteoporosis and other chronic diseases.
Women treated with testosterone due to changes in bone density and muscle tissue, may experience weight gain without an increase in body fat.
Undesirable effects of testosterone therapy in women can include thinning hair and increased oiliness of the skin, which leads to the formation of acne.
There is a theoretical risk that testosterone therapy may increase the risk of breast or gynecological cancer.

Testosterone and baldness

In men, approximately 5-7% of testosterone is metabolized into the more active androgen dihydrotestosterone. Increased production of dihydrotestosterone in hair follicles is associated with excessive body hair and/or “male” type baldness (androgenetic alopecia) on the head in both sexes.
Unlike other androgens such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone cannot be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol.
Men with androgenetic alopecia typically have higher levels of 5-alpha reductase, decreased levels of total testosterone, increased levels of unbound (free) testosterone, and higher levels of total free androgens including dihydrotestosterone.
The 5-alpha reductase genes are responsible for converting free testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, so medications that inhibit the process of testosterone conversion (for example, finasteride) are used to treat hair loss.
Women with elevated dihydrotestosterone levels may develop androgynous secondary sexual characteristics (deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair). Women are less likely to suffer from classic male pattern baldness. Instead, hair becomes thinner throughout the entire scalp. This variety androgenetic alopecia in women, rarely leads to complete baldness.

New discoveries
In August 2012, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is present on the scalp of balding men at much higher levels than normal, inhibiting hair growth and preventing hair follicles from maturing. Dr. George Cotsarelis and his team report that discussions are ongoing with several pharmaceutical companies and treatments for androgenetic alopecia will be available within two years.

A 2012 study by Korean scientists found that Grateloupia elliptica, a red algae native to Jeju, South Korea, has great potential for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia as well as alopecia areata.

The effect of medicinal plants on testosterone

Testosterone levels decline with age, but numerous herbs and nutrients can help increase blood levels of this hormone. Low testosterone levels increase the risk of heart problems, depression, osteoporosis and dementia. Decreased testosterone causes a condition known as andropause.
Increasing testosterone in the blood will help restore health and reverse the signs of aging.

∙ Most clinical trials on fertility show that the sheets do not affect the fertility of men and women. However, one study found that an aqueous extract of stevia leaves reduced testosterone and sperm levels in male rats.

∙ Japanese researchers have shown that the active ingredient in the root, glycyrrhizic acid, causes a clinically insignificant decrease in testosterone levels. Licorice drugs reduce high testosterone levels in women with ovarian cysts and increase them reproductive functions. Large amounts of licorice long-term use can increase blood pressure.

∙ According to some advertising brochures presenting Tribulus terrestris ( Tribulus terrestris) On the market sports nutrition, it follows that Tribulus helps build muscle mass by increasing the synthesis of the hormone testosterone. The plant was borrowed from Ayurvedic Indian medicine. But these claims are based on unclear and questionable evidence rather than the results of serious scientific research. There are no positive data on the effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on androgen production.
Tribulus terrestris was actually used in Indian medicine as well as a stimulant. As a result of numerous studies conducted on laboratory animals, it was revealed that some substances contained in Tribulus terrestris promote sperm formation and increase libido, thereby affecting the level of reproduction of offspring. But about such an action of this herbal remedy It is quite difficult to judge people, since such studies have not been conducted. So all such statements are more conjectural than conclusive. There are serious doubts about the effect of this plant on muscle growth and testosterone production in humans. In any case, Tribulus terrestris should only be used under the supervision of a physician or herbalist.
P.S. The common name for Tribulus Terrestris is Puncture Vine. A study was found in which, under the influence of Tribulus, there was an increase in testosterone in chimpanzees by more than 50%. The effects were noticeable only after a few days.

∙ Muira Puama ( Ptychopetalum olacoides) - South American shamans and healers have used this plant from the Brazilian rainforests for generations. Muira Puama is considered the most powerful aphrodisiac and has been used for many centuries as the most effective remedy treatment of impotence and as a tonic for the nervous system. Relieves stress, optimizes the functions of the nervous system, and especially that part of it that is responsible for the “erotic mood” of a man. As a result of research at the University of California (UCLA), it was possible to prove that Muira Puama increases testosterone production in men.

∙ Polygonum multiflora ( Polygonum mutliflorum) (in Chinese Fo Ti, Hoshou Wu) used in oriental medicine as a stimulant and a means of longevity. Polygonum multiflorum is a natural testosterone booster.

∙ The root was used in South America as a drink to increase male strength. In a test involving men with prostate cancer, maca increased libido but only slightly increased testosterone levels in the blood.

∙ and cauliflower contain natural ingredients, which help the body eliminate estrogen, thereby increasing testosterone.

∙ Tea helps reduce testosterone levels

∙ Another way to increase testosterone is to consume foods rich in essential amino acids -.
A recent study found that men who took about two grams of L-arginine per day for two weeks experienced improvements in testosterone production. Another study where men took five grams of L-arginine per day showed similar results.

∙ Smilax forget-me-not or Sarsaparilla ( Smilax myosotiflora) is a herbaceous shrub native to the tropical evergreen forests of Thailand, East India, the Malay Peninsula, China, Japan and the Pacific Islands. It has been used in Eastern medicine for centuries and is known for its powerful stimulating effect. Moreover, this effect applies to both men and women. For a long time This plant was considered magical, and only recently the mechanism of its action was discovered.
Smilax stimulates the body's production of testosterone by blocking the action of statins, activates the synthesis of corticoid hormones (powerful anti-inflammatory agents), reduces excess production of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland (occurs in hypogonadism, gonadal dysgenesis, castration syndrome), stimulates the work of Leydig cells (cells that produce testosterone in men ), helps to increase the quantity and quality of sperm (which improves reproductive function).

∙ Research has also shown that the dietary supplement acetyl-L-carnitine increases testosterone production. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is used to burn fat and build muscle, this is important nutrient increases testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels.

HORMONE OF KINGS AND KING OF HORMONES

The methods considered on how to increase testosterone in men are most effective in combination. By following them, you can achieve not only feeling great, but also great successes both in social and sexual life.

Experts call testosterone the hormone that made humans. Testosterone levels largely determine sexual orientation and style of behavior of men. Sculpted muscles on broad shoulders, a more active metabolism than women, the ability to procreate? This is not a complete list of the functions of testosterone in the male body. Men with a 10-12% reduced level of testosterone, this male sex hormone, are effeminate, soft, and sensitive. Conversely, those whose blood testosterone levels are 10-12% higher than normal are characterized by aggressiveness and a decreased sense of self-preservation.

Functions of testosterone

1. Increase muscle mass
2. Fat burning
3. Activation of metabolism
4. Strengthening bone tissue
5. Protection against cardiovascular and other diseases
6. Providing secondary sexual characteristics and erection
7. Control over sperm production and their ability to fertilize
8. Maintaining an increased interest in the female sex
9. Extending youth and increasing life expectancy
10. Recharging with vigor and optimism
11. Formation of a male character that is offensive, active, proactive, relaxed, fearless, gambling, prone to adventures and improvisations.

Symptoms of Low Testosterone Levels

1. Decreased libido
2. Erectile dysfunction
3. Decreased orgasm intensity
4. Reduction of sexual intercourse
5. Reduced testicular volume and density
6. Increased irritability
7. Decreased ability to concentrate
8. Decrease in cognitive functions and memory
9. Depression
10. Insomnia
11. Decrease in “vital energy”
12. Decreased muscle mass and strength
13. Increase in the amount of adipose tissue
14. Osteoporosis
15. Decreased skin tone and thickness (“sagging” skin)

So how can you increase testosterone levels in a completely safe way for your health?

General rules

1. The first method is rather psychological in nature. The point is to reproduce the state that is usually maintained by normal levels of the hormone testosterone. It's about about the need for victories. This option is the fastest way to increase hormone production in the body. To do this, it is enough to set yourself real problems and achieve them. Soon you will see that the amount of male hormone has really increased.

2. Think like a man. To feel like a man, you must think like a man! What is our purpose, what are we born for? Be confident in yourself and in relationships with the opposite sex!

3. Keep yourself in sexual tone. Watch films with erotic content, buy men's magazines. Visit dance floors regularly and meet girls. The more friends you have, the better. You should not chase the number of sexual contacts. Even simple everyday communication with girls increases the secretion of testosterone.

4. Think about sex. This may seem a little strange, but when you think about sex, you stimulate testosterone production.

5. Follow biorhythms. Set sexual, sports and work records when the testicles release large batches of testosterone into the blood: at 6-8 and 10-14 hours. From 15 to 24 hours, try not to strain yourself - during this period the hormonal “factory” functions at low speed. The maximum amount of the hormone is produced at 7 am, testosterone levels reach their lowest point at 8 pm.

6. Morning sex. In addition to burning a few extra calories each morning, you'll get a boost in testosterone. So us men have one more reason to stir up our girlfriend in the morning.

7. Laughter and relaxation. Cortisol – main enemy testosterone. Cortisol blocks testosterone production and increases estrogen levels. Laugh, get rid of stress, and you can rest assured that your testosterone levels will soon increase.

8. Good sleep. Sleeping less than 7-8 hours can disrupt your circadian rhythm. Therefore, do not be surprised if after many hours of work, visiting dirty sites, and clubbing until the morning, your sexual one begins to break down. Try to get 7-8 hours of good sleep at night. Go to bed no later than 11.

9. Burn excess fat. Fat promotes estrogen secretion. That is why men with a “beer belly” have feminine features (wide pelvis, narrow shoulders, enlarged breasts). If your weight is 30% more ideal weight, you can forget about normal testosterone production.

10. Don't be afraid to sunbathe. The sun is very important for increasing testosterone levels. And it’s not just about vitamin D, the sun plays a very important role in the functioning and rejuvenation of the human body. This doesn't mean you have to look like a mucloman =) Just keep in mind that at least occasionally the sun should shine through your T-shirt! According to a study conducted by scientists from the Medical University of Graz, Austria, published in the journal Clinical Endocrinology, tanning increases testosterone in men thanks to vitamin D. Because vitamin D is produced by the body when exposed to sunlight, scientists recommend that fair-skinned people get at least 15 minutes of sunbathing daily on their face and hands, while dark-skinned people may need three times as long. Researchers tested the relationship between vitamin D and testosterone in 2,299 men over several months. They found that vitamin D levels and testosterone levels peaked during the summer months and fell during the winter. They also found that men who had at least 30 ng of vitamin D in every milliliter of blood had the highest levels of circulating testosterone.

11. Excess of estrogens and xenoestrogens. To get rid of excess estrogen, which reduces your body's testosterone production, you can eat more raw cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, bok choy, radishes, turnips. These vegetables contain a substance called diindolylmethane, which helps the body get rid of excess female hormones. You can also eat more fiber to naturally cleanse your body and get rid of toxins that cause excess estrogen. Most fruits and vegetables, nuts and legumes contain high amounts of fiber. Xenoestrogens are man-made estrogens found in pesticides, artificial growth hormones and steroids, air fresheners and plastic containers. Xenoestrogens increase female hormone levels, reducing testosterone levels. Therefore, try to avoid consuming fruits and vegetables that contain pesticides, animal products (meat and dairy), grown with artificial growth hormones and steroids. When storing food and water, use glass rather than plastic containers, as plastic products tend to contain xenoestrogens. Do not use perfumes or air fresheners that contain paraben as an ingredient, which is a xenoestrogen.

12. Say goodbye to alcohol. To maintain healthy testosterone levels and good erections, you need to get rid of alcohol. Alcohol affects the endocrine system, causing your testicles to stop producing male hormones. Alcohol consumption also causes the production of the stress hormone cortisol. Which breaks down muscle fibers. Everyone knows about the dangers of alcohol for an athlete’s body. In addition to the negative effect on internal organs, it also contains estrogen, which further suppresses own testosterone. In addition, alcohol flushes zinc from the body. To a greater extent, all this applies to men’s favorite drink - beer. If you have to choose between beer, vodka or cognac, give preference to stronger drinks (vodka, cognac).

13. Smoking. It has been scientifically proven that nicotine and cotinine in cigarettes also inhibit and reduce testosterone production.

14. Overheating of the testicles. Your testicles need to be a few degrees cooler than your body temperature to function better and increase testosterone production. If you wear tight-fitting underwear, tight jeans, take long hot baths, hold a laptop on your lap, or do other things that cause your testicles to overheat, you will inhibit testosterone production.

Nutrition, vitamins and minerals

15. Eat small amounts more often. By “more often” we mean 5-6 times a day. Goal: speed up metabolism. You know that the better your metabolism, the faster the fat burning process occurs, which means testosterone production improves. It is important that your body naturally increases testosterone levels by providing a slow and steady flow of nutrition. This goal is achieved by fractional nutrition. Moreover, breakfast should be the most nutritious.

16. Use everything that nature created. Does not consume processed food products and drinks that contain chemicals and additives. This is the main cause of low testosterone. Chemicals and processed foods disrupt our hormones and cause obesity, anxiety and depression. Eat unprocessed, whole foods.

17. Eat carbohydrates. Low-carb diets destroy your testosterone levels because carbohydrates are the main source of fuel in every cell in our body. If proteins consumed in food are the building blocks for building tissues of the whole body, then carbohydrates are the builders.

18. It has been scientifically proven that healthy fats increase testosterone levels in the blood. Eat healthy fats. Eat plenty of healthy fats throughout the day. This is a great way to increase testosterone and sex drive levels.

What fats are healthy for you:

Bananas, salmon, linseed oil, peanut butter
- nuts, milk, olive oil
- egg yolks

19. Consume more zinc. Beneficial features zinc were discovered relatively recently, but their effect on the athlete’s body turned out to be truly important. Zinc has been shown to prevent testosterone from converting into estrogen. In addition, it stimulates the conversion of estrogen to testosterone. This suggests that zinc plays a critical role in maintaining high levels of testosterone in the blood. Along with food additives There are also foods rich in this substance.

20. Selenium – dose 200 mg. Selenium is involved in the biosynthesis of testosterone. Has a direct effect on hormone function and fertility. Every man over 40 needs to take zinc and selenium on a regular basis. There is a lot of selenium in garlic. Sperm without selenium is motionless. It involves detoxifying male toxins in the liver such as gasoline and anything related to cars.

21. Another way to increase testosterone is to consume foods rich in the essential amino acid arginine. A recent study found that men who took about two grams of L-arginine per day for two weeks experienced improvements in testosterone production. Another study where men took five grams of L-arginine per day showed similar results.

22. Meat is the food of a predator. Not a single vegetarian product will provide the body with cholesterol - the basis for the production of testosterone. Also, a real man’s metabolism needs zinc. Steak, minced beef, beef stroganoff should be on the menu every day - this will solve the problem of testosterone levels in men. But the meat should be lean. 2 chicken breasts or 200 grams of canned tuna is a sufficient portion of animal protein for the day. It’s better to forget about pork, lamb and beef.

23. Pay attention to seafood: oysters, shrimp, squid, scallops and crabs. Their influence on male libido and potency has been known since ancient times.

25. Use olive oil. Olive oil will help you increase testosterone. It is a well-known fact that olive oil helps in the restoration of tissues in the human body and increases hormone levels.

26. Forget about soy and soy products. Soy has been shown to lower testosterone levels. So when buying products in stores, pay attention to the content of ingredients in sausages, sausages, frankfurters and other “meat” products.

27. Salt very sharply reduces testosterone production. Men love salty foods because the body is acidic. The fact is that sodium, which is part of the salt, reduces the overall acidity of the body. But sodium has an unpleasant property: if you consume a lot of salt, it reduces testosterone levels.

28. Sugar. If a man wants to increase his testosterone levels, he needs to almost completely stop eating sugar and salt. Men, on average, eat 12 tablespoons of sugar per day. In fizzy drinks such as Sprite and Coca-Cola, 1 liter of drink contains 55 tablespoons of sugar, despite the fact that 6 teaspoons of sugar is the upper permissible limit per day for a man. Women, unlike men, are luckier: they do not have to limit themselves in the amount of sweets.

29. Caffeine. While it is present in the body, it virtually stops the production of testosterone and sperm. In fact, caffeine entering the bloodstream destroys testosterone molecules. It is permissible for a man to drink no more than 1 cup of coffee per day, and specifically natural coffee. By the way, it is strictly forbidden for a man to drink instant coffee, since the effect of this coffee is such that the testosterone contained in a man’s body, under the influence of instant coffee, instantly turns into estrogen (the female sex hormone). If you (I mean men) don't want your breasts to grow, your face to become more feminine, and your facial hair to stop growing, don't drink instant coffee. Tea, unlike coffee, increases testosterone and you can drink it as much as you like.

30. Meat with hormones. All imported meat (beef, pork, poultry) is now produced with hormones. In order to increase the weight and amount of fat in cattle faster, they are literally stuffed with hormones. 80% of the hormones that are given to increase the amount of fat faster are “female” hormones. Normal meat nowadays can probably only be found at the market or in the village. As a rule, there are no estrogens in lamb and fish.

31. Fast food. If a man wants to be a Man, he shouldn't eat fast food. Fast food contains mainly the products listed in the previous paragraphs of this and other harmful ingredients. There is such a wonderful film called “Double Help”. Take a look, and your desire to visit fast food will disappear.

32. Vegetable oil and mayonnaise.
Sunflower oil can also be consumed, but remember that it slightly reduces testosterone levels. It all depends on the combination of polyunsaturated acids that make up the oil. Men are not recommended to eat a lot of mayonnaise, as it consists mainly of vegetable oil.

33. Fizzy drinks(With carbon dioxide) starting from mineral water and ending with coca and energy drinks. They contain substances that “acidify” the body, sugar, thirst enhancers (such drinks, oddly enough, dehydrate the body!!!), caffeine.

34. Smoked products due to smoking liquid. Smoked meats directly affect testicular tissue, which actually produces testosterone. Smoking should be natural, it is better if it is hot.

35. Dry red wine. It is grape red wine, and not colored alcohol, which is very often sold under the guise of wine. Red wine inhibits aromatase, which converts testosterone to estrogen. The amount of wine per day is no more than a glass. This does not apply to vodka, champagne, cognac, moonshine, or white wine. These drinks negatively affect testosterone production.

36. Spices suppress external xenoesterone (phytohormones). Cardamom, red pepper, curry, garlic, onion, turmeric. Spices are the basis of Indian cuisine. Studies show that the level of spermatogenesis (sperm development) in Indians is orders of magnitude higher than in Europeans. Spices play a huge role in this.

37. Take vitamin C. Along with strengthening the immune system, this vitamin, like zinc, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. You should not buy vitamin C separately, it is better to buy it immediately multivitamin complex, which in addition to vitamin C also contains other important microelements.

38. Take vitamins A, B, E. These vitamins also help the production of testosterone in the body. Competent balanced diet will help maintain their level, but a multivitamin complex will also not hurt.

39. Vitamin E. It has a very special function. There is a certain distance between insulin and testosterone. Insulin should not come close to testosterone, otherwise it will inactivate it, that is, destroy it. Vitamin E is a transport base that is built between them if they approach each other. Vitamin E is an antioxidant miracle of nature. Vitamin E – protects testosterone function. Female hormones are very persistent, they themselves can extinguish any aggression, but the male hormone, on the contrary, needs protection, and best protection– this is vitamin E. Vitamin E prevents excess hydrogen from clinging. Vitamin E has anti-corrosion treatment.

40. Do strength exercises with dumbbells, barbells or machines, but not more than 3 times a week.

The safest and most effective are progestogen drugs. Use cyproterone, it has antiandrogen activity. Due to its progestogenic properties, cyproterone suppresses, thereby preventing the synthesis of hormones in. It also helps to increase the level of the hormone endorphin, which has a positive effect on the patient’s psycho-emotional state.

To eliminate the symptoms of androgenesis, take a course of the available Diane-35. The drug is recommended in a complex treatment of mild degrees. With prolonged use of the drug, the menstrual cycle is regulated, a decrease in size is observed, and the amount of acne is noticeably reduced.

Be sure to read the instructions for the drug to avoid the appearance of side effects.

No medicine will effectively protect you from viruses or fight the disease if the body’s immunity is weakened and does not fight the disease on its own. The best way to increase the body's resistance is to folk remedies, tested for more than one century.

You will need

• - garlic;
• - dried berries rowan, honey;
• - walnuts;
• - birch leaves with buds;
• - chokeberry, sugar;
• - aloe, honey;
• - dog-rose fruit;
• - cranberries, walnuts, green apples, sugar.

Instructions

Use the most popular remedy among people to boost immunity – garlic. Finely chop 3 small cloves of garlic, pour 200 g of boiling water over them and let it brew for about 40 minutes. Place this infusion in your nose or use it as a gargle.

Take dried rowan berries (2 tablespoons) and pour boiling water (2 cups) over them. After 20 minutes, strain and consume half a glass 4 times a day before meals. Strengthen the healing properties of rowan berries by adding a spoonful of honey.

Eat 5 walnuts daily for at least one month.

Pour boiling water (1.5 cups) over birch leaves with buds (1 tablespoon) and leave for about a quarter of an hour, then strain. Take 50 grams 4 times a day before meals.

In the fall, after harvesting, prepare chokeberry, for which rub 1 kg of such berries along with 1.5 kg of sugar. Do not forget about contraindications: this product should not be used for more than 3 weeks if you suffer from gastritis or duodenal or stomach ulcers.

Boost your immunity the Spanish way - by eating red foods. Eat red meat, kidney, and red fish daily. Serve vegetables as a side dish: bell peppers, carrots, tomatoes. Don't forget about a glass of good red wine.

Plant aloe in your window. Juice it useful plant(take medium leaves of aloe, which is more than 2 years old), mix in equal proportions with honey and half an hour before meals, take 1/3 teaspoon of the mixture, washing it down with warmed milk. Carry out this course of immunity enhancement for three weeks. Remember that aloe juice is contraindicated for diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys or liver, stomach upsets, hemorrhoids or bleeding. It is not recommended to use it in the latter age, as well as at the age of 40 or more years.

Prepare a healthy drink from rose hips. Add 8 tbsp to 4 cups of boiling water. spoons of dried rose hips and 4 tbsp. spoons of sugar. Cook all this for 1/6 hour, then leave for 4 hours. Strain the broth and drink in any quantity.

Make jam: ½ kg cranberries, a glass of walnuts and 3 green apples, ½ kg sugar, ½ glass of water. Cook over low heat until it boils. Place into jars.

Video on the topic

Quite often, laptop users, after several months of use, begin to notice that the device begins to slow down and malfunction. There can be several reasons for failures, and in most cases they are fixable.

Why does the laptop hang?

A computer or laptop may malfunction in a number of cases. For example, one of the problems is overheating of the system unit. You can check the temperature of the radiator by simply touching the palm of your hand, but you can get burned and even get an electric shock. Therefore, it is best to install a special program to diagnose all processes. For example, the Everest application has proven itself well in this.

Constant installation and removal of programs greatly pollutes the memory registry, leaving so-called “tails”, which, in turn, adversely affects the operation of the computer.

Can seriously slow down your laptop various viruses and spyware, which are typically installed during Internet visits and software downloads.

Outdated drivers, as well as an overloaded hard drive and the simultaneous operation of several programs, also have an adverse effect on the condition of the laptop. Hardware problems can also affect the performance of your computer.

All problems can be solved

Naturally, every problem that causes a laptop to malfunction must be eliminated. Special programs and regular maintenance provide significant assistance in this.

Remember that a laptop, like any computer, needs to be cleaned from dust, prevent the system unit from overheating, etc.

To avoid the penetration of viruses and spyware applications that are terrible for the system, be sure to install Windows Firewall, Firewall, and antivirus. It is also useful to run an additional utility every month to search for and eliminate Trojans, worms, etc. For example, free scanner applications from antivirus software manufacturers Kaspersky, DoctorWeb and others have proven themselves in this regard.

The advantage of these utilities is that they do not conflict with an already installed antivirus and provide additional protection for your computer.

For clear, well-coordinated operation of the laptop, you need to regularly clean the system of “garbage”: registry errors, various useless files that the computer stores. Naturally, it is quite difficult to independently find and determine whether a particular file is needed on a laptop. But it will cope with this task perfectly special program. For example, the free Cleane utility solves the problem of removing system garbage perfectly.

After cleaning, it is useful to defragment the hard drives, which also helps speed up the laptop.

Comprehensive system maintenance will help you perform special applications that can remove system garbage, defragment disks, optimize the system, and, if necessary, speed up the Internet connection and update drivers. Among useful programs- Auslogics BoostSpeed, Uniblue PowerSuite and many others.

Hydrometallurgical method

About 85% of all zinc is obtained by the hydrometallurgical method. First, flotation concentration of zinc concentrates is carried out to remove sulfur. After which the ore is fired in suspension or in a fluidized bed furnace, and the cinder is leached with a spent electrolyte containing sulfuric acid.

The resulting solution of zinc sulfate is cleared of iron by treating it with zinc oxide or excess of the original cinder. This stage is called neutral leaching. Together with iron, arsenic, antimony, aluminum, and other impurities are deposited. Cadmium, nickel and copper are removed by the action of zinc dust, resulting in a copper-cadmium cake. Cobalt is removed using sodium or potassium ethyl xanthate, and chlorine is removed using zinc dust, copper or silver.

Zinc is precipitated catalytically from the resulting purified solution, for which aluminum is used. The spent electrolyte is used for leaching. Its remains, the so-called zinc cakes, usually contain a significant amount of zinc in the form of poorly soluble compounds, for example, ferrite. The cakes must be additionally leached with concentrated sulfuric acid or fired together with coke. This firing is called Waelz firing and is carried out in drum rotary kilns at a temperature of approximately 1200 °C.

Pyrometallurgical method

Production using the pyrometallurgical method begins with oxidative roasting to produce lump material, for which powdered cinder is sintered or fired in a sintering room. The reduction of agglomerate in a mixture with coke or coal takes place at a temperature exceeding the boiling point of zinc. For this purpose, retort or shaft furnaces are used. The zinc metal vapor is condensed, and the most volatile fraction containing cadmium is collected and processed separately. Solid residues are processed by Waelz treatment.

Zinc smelting

Previously, rows of heated horizontal retords were used to smelt zinc; their operation was periodic. Subsequently, they were replaced by vertical ones with continuous action. These processes are not as thermally efficient as blast furnace processes, where fuel combustion occurs in the same chamber where oxide reduction occurs. the main problem- reduction of zinc by carbon does not occur at temperatures below boiling, so cooling is necessary for vapor condensation. In addition, the metal is re-oxidized in the presence of combustion products.

The problem is solved by spraying zinc vapor with molten lead, which reduces its re-oxidation to a minimum. Rapid cooling and dissolution of zinc occurs, which is released in the form of a liquid; it is further purified by vacuum distillation. In this case, all the cadmium present is reduced, and the lead is released from the bottom of the furnace.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• HiMiK.ru, Zinc

Tip 7: Increased testosterone in women: methods of reducing

Testosterone is considered a male hormone, but is also found in female body, only in smaller quantities. Normally, in women, this hormone is constantly at a low level, increasing slightly during pregnancy and during ovulation. Elevated testosterone levels in other periods may be a sign of serious disorders in the body.

The reason for the increase in testosterone levels in the female body may be increased activity of the adrenal glands, which leads to an excess of hormones. This may be due to ovarian diseases (neoplasms, tumors), due to which some hormones, including, do not undergo fermentation and are not converted into glucocorticoids. Possible causes include dysfunction of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for the functioning of the glands. internal secretion, which are involved in the production of testosterone and other hormones. Poor nutrition with consumption of large amounts of animal fats and refined sweets, taking hormone-containing drugs (contraceptives, barbiturates, steroids, etc.), hereditary predisposition– all this can lead to an increase in testosterone levels in the female body. It is worth mentioning that a slight increase in the hormone is recorded in women during the period of ovulation and in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Fluctuations in testosterone levels during ovulation and pregnancy naturally stabilize.

With an increase in testosterone levels in women, symptoms such as dry skin, hair loss, and a gradual transformation of the physique into a masculine one are observed. At the same time, the voice becomes rough, hair begins to appear in places where girls should not have it.

With elevated testosterone levels, physical activity and sexual desire, causeless irritability and rudeness will appear, and the menstrual cycle will be disrupted.

Increased testosterone secretion leads to the development clinical syndrome called hyperandrogenism. For this state characterized by menstrual irregularities, delay or even disappearance of ovulation. These problems threaten infertility or complications during pregnancy. This is why it is so important to reduce testosterone levels to normal.

Often, gynecologists prescribe oral contraceptives to solve problems with hormones. However, their choice should be made exclusively by a specialist after passing the necessary tests.

Following the principles of proper nutrition can also give the desired effect. It is worth giving up or minimizing the consumption of industrial sweets and sugar, alcoholic beverages, and coffee. It is advisable to include more fresh vegetables, fruits, natural juices, fish dishes, and milk in your diet.

Physical activity and rest help reduce testosterone levels. Sports training promotes the activation of metabolism and the harmonious functioning of all body systems. Strength training increases testosterone, so it should be replaced with gymnastics or other types of aerobics. Good effect They give yoga classes. In addition, it is important to get enough sleep, sleeping at least 8 hours a day.

ethnoscience offers her own way to reduce the hormone. Tinctures, decoctions and natural preparations based on marina root, licorice and chaste vitex help normalize hormonal status.

In any case, you need to remember that before starting testosterone-lowering measures, it is important to find out the cause of the hormonal imbalance. First of all, it is necessary to treat the diagnosed disease, and not its symptoms.

What is testosterone? It is well known that it is a sex hormone. Where is testosterone produced in men? This biologically active substance is synthesized in the testes by specific substances. By the way, there is another organ that produces testosterone.

The hormone is produced through androstenedione, which, in turn, is produced in the adrenal cortex. Usually healthy man testosterone is normally 10-40 nmol/l. You should know that this hormone is found not only in the male, but also in the female body.

Hormone production in women

Where is testosterone produced in women? In the female body, it is produced through the adrenal glands and eggs. Its level is considered normal if it does not exceed 0.31-3.78 nmol/l.

Testosterone: where is it produced and what is its function in the body?

For a man, this hormone is one of the most important. Testosterone is responsible for the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics on the human body. These include:

1. Hair on the body and face.
2. Low voice.
3. Character traits and behavior.

Lack of testosterone also affects the emotional background. A sharp decrease in its level often leads to neuroses and depression.

Also, the biologically active substance affects the condition of a woman’s skin and general well-being in general. Due to hormone deficiency, skin tissues become dry. Girls often complain of a burning sensation and tightness. Skin deprived of moisture is more susceptible to the formation of wrinkles.

It's no secret that representatives of the fair sex periodically face hormonal changes that are associated with the menstrual cycle. Of course, fluctuations in the level of certain substances affect the well-being, mood and behavior of girls. Sometimes to eliminate similar symptoms Doctors recommend taking special medications.

Is it possible to increase testosterone levels in the human body and how to do it?

First you need to determine the factors that affect the production of this hormone in the body. A man's testosterone levels fluctuate and are not constant. The amount of this substance is influenced by many factors, for example, the time of day. In the morning, the testosterone level in the stronger sex is at a high level, but in the evening it drops.

In order for testosterone to be produced in the right amount, a man needs to be supported physical activity. For example, playing sports in the gym, regular jogging, walking or swimming will have a positive effect on the functioning of the entire body, including the endocrine glands.

Of course, when choosing training you should take into account physical features every organism. Don't overdo the exercises and overload your muscles. A tired, exhausted body is not able to produce sex hormones in sufficient quantities.

Testosterone levels are highest in men aged 20 to 25 years. Then there is a slow decrease in the intensity of its production in the body. You should know that a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition have a positive effect on man's health, including the processes of testosterone synthesis.

You should not be lazy - you need to keep yourself in good physical shape and watch your diet. Of course, sometimes it’s difficult to start doing something (for example, jogging in the morning or going to the pool), but if you make it a habit, then over time these actions will be carried out automatically, without additional effort on yourself. In addition, a man should always remember that such a lifestyle will contribute to the production of testosterone, which, in turn, leads to increased sexual activity and an improved figure. Healthy hormonal levels are the key to the normal functioning of the whole body.

What negatively affects testosterone production in guys?

If a male representative’s lifestyle is associated with the consumption of alcohol or other harmful substances, the amount of the hormone may decrease to a minimum value. Smoking also has a negative effect on the production of biologically active substances.

Testosterone levels are also affected various pathologies, which may be present in the male body.

For example, cancer affects the amount of the hormone in the blood. Operational disruptions endocrine glands, in particular the hypothalamic-pituitary system, are also considered risk factors. Negatively on hormonal background Constant stress also takes its toll.

Contact your doctor!

If your body has low testosterone (you already know where this substance is produced), then it would be better to go to the doctor and get professional advice. In order to normalize the hormone level, you need to determine the reason for its drop.

Only after diagnosis will the doctor prescribe the necessary therapy and draw up effective scheme treatment. In addition to an insufficient amount of the male hormone, there may be an excess of it. Both of these cases are considered abnormalities and require treatment.

How do you know if testosterone levels are low?

Most the right way- laboratory blood test. However, there are a number of signs by which you can determine that testosterone levels are lower than necessary.

1. A person's level of vital energy decreases.
2. Lack of strength, muscle weakness.
3. There is practically no sexual desire, problems with erection appear.
4. Leaves muscle mass, and bone density decreases.
5. Subcutaneous fat begins to accumulate.
6. Blood pressure may rise.

For those people who are interested in sports, especially bodybuilding, testosterone levels are important as it affects muscle growth. On the other hand, you should not dope. The fact is that regular use of synthetic biologically active substances leads to atrophy of functional tissues that are responsible for the production of testosterone. The body stops synthesizing its own sex hormones, which leads to a host of dangerous problems.

The natural way

How to increase testosterone naturally? One of the main methods is proper training. There are a number of recommendations, following which you can achieve maximum results and raise the level of this hormone to normal.

What are some ways to increase testosterone?

1. It is worth paying attention to the multi-joint type of exercise.
2. Each approach should be repeated at least 4 times.
3. Repetitions when performing one exercise should be from 6 to 12.
4. Rest after physical activity.
5. The workout should last about an hour.
6. It is recommended to rest between sets.
7. Exercises should be performed at an average rhythm. There is no need to rush or, conversely, do them very slowly.

Nutrition

In addition to the training process, you should Special attention pay attention to nutrition.

If a person exerts himself physically in the gym, then his nutrition must be appropriate. The number of calories consumed should be sufficient to provide energy needs body. That is, a person must be full of strength in order to cope with physical activity. But don't overdo it, as you can get the opposite effect. It is necessary to keep the body in good shape.

It is recommended to eat meat (lean beef, chicken breast). There are statistics that people who do not eat it have lower levels of the male hormone. Of course, it is better to steam the dishes or bake them in the oven. Do not overuse fried foods and too fatty meats. You should include vegetables, herbs, and fruits in your diet.

A little conclusion

Now you know what testosterone is and where this hormone is produced. We also gave tips on how to increase it. We hope that the information in the article was useful to you. Do not forget that you need to carefully monitor your health and do not skip routine medical examinations.

The bulk of testosterone in the male body is produced in the testes (testes), and the pituitary gland stimulates this process, synthesizing special mediator cells that control the functioning of the endocrine system. Testosterone is also produced in small quantities by an organ such as the adrenal glands (including in women).

The hormone itself is inactive and does not bind to protein or carbohydrate compounds. But when exposed to the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, it is transformed into dihydrotestosterone, which stimulates intercellular metabolic processes (and at the same time the work of the testes and prostate gland in a mature man).

When does testosterone production begin in the male body? When a certain concentration of hypothalamic-pituitary mediators is reached in the blood, in particular GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) and LH (lutenizing hormone). And the process of its release is controlled directly by the brain.

Synthesis mechanism

What is the place of hormone synthesis? Testosterone in the testicles originates in the so-called Leydig cells, where it is produced by biochemical reaction from cholesterol (which ultimately breaks down into cholesterol - the same hormone). This process is stimulated by GnRH, produced by the pituitary gland. Afterwards, testosterone enters the blood, where it circulates both in free form and in conjunction with certain proteins (the main one is sex hormone-binding globulin).

If you believe the research, then its latest variation takes part in some metabolic processes, but the free hormone, entering the target cells, under the influence of 5-alpha reductase is transformed into dihydrotestosterone, which is precisely used by the reproductive system for the synthesis of sperm.

A significant portion is also released into the seminal ducts, where it comes into contact with androgen binding protein (it is fermented in Sertoli cells). Against this background, the concentration of androgenic mediators in the prostate gland increases, which ultimately triggers the process of spermatogenesis (starting from about 13 years of age).

On average, the adrenal glands produce only 5% of testosterone. from him total concentration in organism. The synthesis process is similar, but it is not cholesterol that breaks down, but the so-called “metabolic androgens” - carbon compounds. This occurs in the reticular and fascicular areas of the adrenal glands. The result is the same free form of testosterone, which is mostly responsible for the normal growth of organic tissues (skeleton, connective tissue, muscles).

REFERENCE! The functions of testosterone that bind to sex hormone-binding globulin are still poorly understood. It is only known that such a compound easily penetrates cell membranes, so its main effect is aimed precisely at the reaction with intracellular components.

What does the concentration of the hormone depend on?

Testosterone concentration depends on more than 10 factors, including even the time of day. In the body of a healthy man, the “peak” value of the sex hormone reaches in the morning after waking up (at 6-8 o’clock in the morning), and also closer to 5-7 o’clock in the evening. At 10-17 o'clock in the afternoon its concentration stabilizes.

It is during this period that it is recommended to take tests to determine the current level of androgens in the blood. And at approximately 22-24 hours of the night, the level of the hormone sharply drops to a minimum. What does this “schedule” depend on? First of all, from the activity of the brain and, in particular, the pituitary gland, which completely control the functioning of the endocrine system.

Does the concentration of testosterone depend on the state of a man (calm or excited)? No way. Moreover, the degree of possible arousal largely depends on the level of the sex hormone. If testosterone production is impaired or reductase activity in the body is reduced, then a man may even have erectile disfunction, complete lack of sexual attraction to the opposite sex (libido).

The level of hormone formation is also affected by:

1. The man's age. The maximum concentration is approximately 20-25 years old, then it gradually decreases and normalizes after 65-70 years.
2. Diseases of the endocrine system. These are the so-called primary and secondary hypogonadism.
3. Job digestive tract and cardiovascular system. It is with their help that the body accumulates required amount cholesterol and protein compounds, which are subsequently used by the endocrine system.
4. Correct brain work, namely its hypothalamic-pituitary part of the brain.

And here a sharp decline Testosterone levels, as directed by doctors, may be due to:

• abuse of nicotine, alcohol;
• obesity;
• congenital pathologies;
• inactive lifestyle (in which metabolism slows down);
• taking certain medications (mainly hormonal and steroids);
• mechanical injuries of the testes.

At the same time, the psycho-emotional state of a man also affects testosterone levels. The connection between mood and the functioning of the pituitary gland has been established for a long time. This is explained by the fact that during a stressful situation, great amount adrenaline, which is the protagonist of testosterone.

IMPORTANT! Some men may experience critically high levels of testosterone in their body. This is due to hyperactivity of the endocrine system and most often is a sign of a disorder of the pituitary-hypothalamic function or pathological processes in the testes, prostate gland (for example, the occurrence of a malignant tumor).

How to speed up secretion at home?

Testosterone concentrations should be increased by normalizing your lifestyle. That is, giving up bad habits, a healthy and balanced diet, good sleep - this already significantly helps to increase the concentration of androgens by optimizing biochemical processes.

1. Physical activity also promotes its synthesis. But the body does not need strength training itself, but rather stimulation of metabolism, during which fat is burned, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates are broken down. Excess weight also significantly inhibits metabolic processes in the body, thereby reducing the amount of the hormone.
2. And also Doctors recommend including so-called “aphrodisiacs” in your diet.– components that comprehensively stimulate testosterone production. The most popular in this regard is ginseng root, as well as hot spices.
3. More A full sex life allows you to normalize the level of the hormone and improve its quality. The more often a man has sex, the more actively both the testes and the prostate gland work. Moreover, as practice shows, banal masturbation does not have as positive an effect on testosterone as full contact with a woman.

Video on the topic

You can also learn how to increase hormone production at home in this video:

Drug stimulation

It is possible to increase testosterone levels with medication. For this the following can be used:

• synthetic forms of sex hormone (this is already considered replacement therapy);
• stimulants (most often these are dietary supplements).

Testosterone can be produced using stimulants. The most popular among them, used in medical practice:

1. Parity.
2. Tribulus.
3. Arimatest.
4. Vitrix.

In fact, these are drugs that accelerate or provoke the course of biochemical processes with the breakdown of cholesterol, and at the same time they compensate for the lack of vitamins and minerals.

You should not use such drugs without medical advice, as they long-term use may provoke a deterioration in the response of mediators of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

In summary, testosterone is the main male sex hormone, which is secreted by the ovaries and adrenal glands. Responsible for the reproductive function, and also takes part in metabolism, increasing the volume of bone, muscle, and connective tissues.

Its production is influenced by over a dozen factors, but the main one is the man’s lifestyle and normal functioning digestive tract. It is possible to enhance the production of testosterone with medication only by taking stimulants, or by administering a synthetic form of the hormone intramuscularly or intravenously.

When they talk about testosterone, they come to associations with courage, strength, and beauty. It is the main male hormone and is responsible for a large number of male functions. Without this hormone, a man turns out to be unhealthy and frail. If there is not enough testosterone in the body, then the man becomes fat, potency and reproductive functions decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to know where testosterone is produced, because it has a tremendous effect on the male body.

Effect of hormone

Testosterone is the main male sex hormone. A little of it is produced in women, but men get everything from it to be courageous and strong. Under the influence of the hormone they become thicker vocal cords, so the voice becomes low, metabolic processes occur faster, so excess fat is not deposited.

Efficiency increases, vitality increases, which promotes physical and intellectual activity in the male half of humanity.

Main functions:

1. influence on the size of the penis. During adolescence, the penis grows in boys. This process depends on the level of testosterone in the body;
2. identification of body hair. If the hormone is in excess, then quite early on the man becomes bald, and his arms and legs are covered with hair;
3. muscle development. Thanks to the male hormone, protein synthesis is stimulated, and muscles grow accordingly;
4. affects the distribution of fat throughout the body. In men it is mainly developed top part torso;
5. cholesterol is maintained at a low level, so atherosclerosis develops less frequently;
6. the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases, the risk of developing diabetes mellitus decreases;
7. bone tissue is dense;
8. improves mood, protection from stress and depression;
9. libido and erection are formed.

As you can see, a man’s health and testosterone are related and inseparable concepts. A man really needs it, and in case of deficiency or excess of the substance, disruptions in the functioning of most systems occur.

Where and how is the substance produced?

Where do men produce testosterone? The hormone is produced from cholesterol in the testicles, and Leydig cells also take part here. Therefore, this organ produces testosterone. Testosterone is also synthesized in the adrenal cortex, but in small quantities. Cholesterol is converted into this substance, which is why plaques do not form in the blood vessels of men until a certain age.

The work of Leydig cells is involved in the control of the pituitary gland, and this is the governing body in endocrine system. To increase testosterone, males must eat well and consume enough protein.

Which gland produces testosterone in men? This is the male reproductive gland (testes). The level of the hormone in the body cannot be constant. In the morning hours its concentration is high, and then until the evening it begins to decrease and reaches minimum quantity. The same thing happens with male sexual desire throughout the day.

When is testosterone produced? Many factors influence the production of the substance. The hormone increases during periods sports training when eating spicy food. Some researchers claim that when a man talks to a woman he likes, the production also becomes stronger. Even a few words contribute to the growth of matter.

To find out what level of the hormone is in the body, you should measure your waist circumference. With a high indicator, the girth is less than 94 cm. If the waist is more than 102 cm, then there is less testosterone. With a girth above 102 cm - a low indicator of the substance. The fact is that leptin is released by fat, and it prevents testosterone from being released. There is an imbalance.

Decreased substance levels

If you look at the statistics, every third man reduced level sex hormone. Until the age of 30, the hormone should be normal; this is serious growth, without any interruptions. Then the hormone decreases at a slow pace. This is physiology, but the decline does not occur quickly.

Reasons for decreased hormone levels:

1. unbalanced diet, alcohol, fatty foods, consumption of processed foods;
2. large body weight;
3. systematic stressful situations, neuroses, anger;
4. if a man is a vegetarian, then he does not receive animal protein, thanks to which the substance is produced.

The rays of the sun contribute to the production of the hormone. If men live in cold countries, this makes it difficult for him to be in a normal state.

The presence of infection has a detrimental effect on the male hormone. If testicular diseases are observed, then prescribe hormonal drugs, because testosterone is poorly produced. To promptly correct hormonal imbalances, you should consult a doctor. Only during the examination can the amount of testosterone be correctly determined.

Symptoms of low hormones:

• vitality leaves, already in the morning you feel tired;
• sleep disturbance;
• irritability, signs of anger, depression;
• libido decreases, there is no desire to have sex;
• poor erection;
• unstable pressure.

Where to get testosterone

When tests show disappointing results, it is necessary to increase the production of the substance. What testosterone depends on: food must contain protein so that cholesterol enters the body; normalization of weight. If a man is overweight, then his libido is weakened, systematic exercise and sports should be moderate. It is recommended to harden the body.

Use herbal preparations, which are created for the male half of humanity. As a result, the synthesis of the sex hormone increases and libido improves.

What does testosterone consist of? Active form is free testosterone. If it is not enough, then it threatens impotence. General hormone consists of a free substance and bound globulin, albumin and some other proteins.

What affects hormone levels:

• period of day;
• sports activities;
• age;
• men's health;
• Lifestyle;
• neuroses, depression.

It is incorrect to believe that testosterone is a sex hormone. He's got enough important functions in the male body. At low rates you should immediately contact a specialist. Only a doctor can determine pathologies. First, it is necessary to identify the causes of the anomaly.

In modern times, men should regularly exercise to replenish their energy potential. If you take a comprehensive approach to the process of normalizing the balance of the sex hormone, then within a few weeks the functioning of the man’s body will be restored, and he will be able to enjoy life.