What blood indicator indicates thick blood. Blood viscosity test: blood plasma proteins prothrombin and fibrinogen are not critical

Monitoring changes in the state of the cardiovascular system is important so that serious diseases can be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. In this case, studies are being conducted that are aimed at, but few people attach importance to blood density indicators. Thick blood in men and women can cause many diseases.

Blood purpose

As one of the main fluids of the body, it is designed to distribute respiratory gases, hormones, and nutrients throughout the body. If the blood changes, that is, the blood becomes thicker, the level of sugar and cholesterol increases in it, or becomes acidic, then its main function of transporting nutrients is disrupted, and along with it, important processes in all organs do not proceed as they should.

Normal may vary among people of different ages. Hemoglobin and red blood cells are higher in children than in adults.

The symptoms will be different from those of thickened blood in an adult. Also, do not forget that all diseases in children proceed completely differently, unlike in an older person, and the immune system can react very sharply to even the slightest changes.

Therefore, it is extremely important to determine blood viscosity in advance to avoid serious consequences.

If we compare the norm of blood tests in women and men, then in the fair sex it is lower, which is associated with physiology.

Therefore, men are more likely to develop more viscous blood than women. , in both men and women, can lead to serious complications if not prevented.

Thick blood is much more common in older people than in younger people. An increase in blood density is more typical for men, so they are more likely to suffer as one of the consequences of blood density than women.

When hormonal levels change in women, the thickness of the blood can also change, this is based on the connection of platelets, then the blood flow slows down and the blood thickens. This may occur during menopause or pregnancy.

If a woman is pregnant, then she should be very careful about her condition and especially about the state of blood viscosity.

Due to the fact that during gestation the body changes a lot and the load also increases.

But the viscosity of a pregnant woman’s blood can be affected by the same number of factors and diseases described above. If the blood is very thick and viscous, this can lead to fetal death or premature birth.

When the blood undergoes such changes, it is called high blood viscosity syndrome, or hyperviscose syndrome. The normal blood counts have not been determined, as they change with age. Certain blood cells are simply not able to function normally when the blood becomes thicker, as a result of which the organs do not receive the substances that they need and cannot cleanse themselves of waste products.

They can also form and this leads to additional stress on the heart, since great efforts are made to pump it. Therefore, there is a possibility for a person.

How to detect excessive blood viscosity

It can reveal blood viscosity, which will indicate an increased hematocrit, which has become higher due to. This result will help the doctor identify the causes and how the blood density increases in an adult. If an increase in blood density is diagnosed in time, the development of a number of diseases can be prevented.

Blood regulation occurs through many factors.

It is necessary to consider the causes of thick blood:

• blood clotting is increased;
• hemoglobin levels increase;
• severe dehydration of the body;
• water is poorly absorbed by the body
• severe blood loss;
• body enrollment;
• disruption of the spleen;
• lack of necessary enzymes;
• lack of vitamins and minerals;
• irradiation;
• a large amount of sugar and carbohydrates enters the blood.

If at least one of these disorders occurs, then an increase in blood viscosity may occur, but sometimes the blood can change due to a number of factors.

Reasons why blood becomes viscous and thick:

• lack of oxygen;
• certain forms;
• a disease associated with the appearance of antibodies that lead to the formation of blood clots;
• polycythemia;
• diseases in which;
• improper functioning of the adrenal glands;
• all types of hepatitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• pancreatic diseases;
• pregnancy.

Depending on the disease, the symptoms of blood thickness may vary. May be temporary or disappear after recovery.

The main symptoms of thick blood:

• constant dry mouth;
• early fatigue;
• the person constantly feels sleepy;
• the person becomes distracted;
• weakness appears;
• melancholic state;
• migraine;
• legs become heavy;
• In any weather;
• impaired blood microcirculation;
• nodules on the veins.

Sometimes, with increased blood density, symptoms do not appear and can only be detected after a blood test.

To cure increased blood density, you must first diagnose the disease that gives this result and treat it directly.

In order to reduce blood viscosity, treatment is approached in a comprehensive manner:

Cardiopyrin, thrombo ACC, cardiomagnyl. All of these anticoagulant medications can bring the blood condition back to normal, the main thing is that there are no contraindications for these medications.

If blood clotting is increased, then add: heparin, warfarin, fragmin.

Medicines that thin the blood must be selected for each person individually.

If blood density is increased and there is a tendency to bleeding, then the following are prescribed: plasmapheresis, platelet transfusions, symptomatic therapy.

If you have been diagnosed with thick blood, then you need to follow a certain diet. It is necessary to include dietary meat and fish in the diet, exclude carbohydrates and consume foods that thin the blood. It will be necessary to monitor the balance of vitamins in the body.

The scourge of our time is diseases that we all already know by heart. Why are we! Even a schoolchild can list their names - stroke, heart attack, thrombosis - all these are symptoms of thick blood.

Blood

Blood is the most important fluid of our body, which includes formed elements, and plasma is water in which electrolytes, metabolites, vitamins, proteins and other components are dissolved. The blood remains liquid due to the coordinated work of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems, a fairly constant ratio of the composition and state of the plasma to other elements and the speed of blood flow.

If any of these three factors that maintain the blood in the necessary liquid state is weakened or disrupted, we may experience some of the symptoms of thick blood. These signals should not be ignored.

causes, symptoms

The viscosity and thickness of blood can only be checked in a laboratory way. There are conditions in which, in order to avoid serious consequences, you need to urgently consult a doctor for a blood test.

Symptoms

Blood carries oxygen throughout our body, and its increased viscosity leads to a weakening of this vital action, as a result of which mild symptoms of thick blood can be observed - dizziness, weakness. This happens because the brain suffers primarily from a lack of oxygen.

Severe symptoms of thick blood are a more serious diagnosis - heart failure, thrombosis of various vessels, strokes, heart attacks and all their consequences.

Causes

The most obvious reasons are drinking insufficient amounts of water and a sedentary lifestyle, but, unfortunately, it is precisely these simple actions that modern people cannot cope with. Drink and move - this is a simple rule to keep the body in good shape! And if we drink, it’s coffee, sweet juices and soda, alcohol, and many don’t even remember about water. And movement is limited at best. All this is not enough to maintain the required blood flow speed and plasma volume in

Hormonal levels are also affected, especially in women, due to its instability (menstruation, pregnancy).

Thick blood: treatment

We all know that preventing a disease is easier than treating it, so let’s talk about prevention, which will help prevent even mild symptoms of thick blood.

Drink enough water (about two liters per day). In addition, it is necessary to introduce fermented milk products, fruits and berries, fatty fish, sunflower oil, and garlic into the diet. There should not be a lot of these products, especially fatty ones, but they should be regularly present on your table.

Give up bad habits and move more.

There are many plants, the use of which in the form of decoctions and infusions will help thin the blood and help relieve the symptoms of thick blood, these are:

• ginkgo biloba;
• Dioscorea Caucasus;
• horse chestnut;
• sweet clover

If you already have very thick blood (symptoms), treatment is carried out exclusively under the supervision of a doctor or in a hospital.

We know well that it is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases, strengthen the heart muscle, and very often we do not pay attention to the condition of our blood. But the state of the entire cardiovascular system, and ultimately the health of the entire body, largely depends on the state of the blood.

Blood– this is the main living environment, on the quality of which all processes occurring in organs and cells depend.

Blood consists of two parts: plasma (the liquid part) and the formed elements suspended in it (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets).

The main function of blood is the transport function. It involves the blood transporting respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), hormones, minerals and many other substances to organs and tissues.

If the quality of blood is impaired, primarily thickening, acidification, increased cholesterol, blood sugar, etc., its transport function is hampered, which leads to disruption of redox processes throughout the body, including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys and etc. This is why it is so important to maintain blood quality within optimal homeostasis.

Causes of blood thickening

Very often, the main cause of thick blood is a lack of water in the body. If the body does not have enough water for its vital functions, it extracts it from the blood, which leads to a decrease in the mass of the liquid part of the blood and it becomes more viscous.

Diabetes, drinking alcohol, smoking, hypothermia and even stress can lead to blood thickening.

How does a person feel if his blood is thick?

Increased blood viscosity does not have any characteristic symptoms. Blood thickening is often accompanied by general weakness, drowsiness, headache, memory loss, confusion, fatigue, and depression. Many people experience dry mouth and increased blood pressure. Venous nodules may appear on the legs, and the extremities are constantly cold.

Such symptoms can occur in many other diseases, and we rarely associate our poor health with the presence of thick blood.

Sometimes there are no symptoms at all and hypercoagulation is discovered by chance during blood tests. This is why annual physical examinations are so important.

How can you confirm your fears that your blood is thick?

In order to determine whether your blood is really thick, you need to take the following tests: a general blood test, a test for blood clotting and bleeding duration, a coagulogram, hematocrit (the sum of all blood elements - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, in relation to the total blood volume ).

Why is thick blood dangerous?

Thick blood leads to slower blood flow, which leads to oxygen starvation and disruption of organ trophism. The most dangerous consequence of increased blood viscosity is the formation of blood clots.

If you do not pay attention to the symptoms in time and do not eliminate the causes of blood thickening, very unpleasant consequences can occur.

Thick blood can cause hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, heart attack and stroke.

More often, thick blood occurs, of course, in older people, but there is a tendency to increase the number of young and middle-aged people with this pathology. Increased blood viscosity is more common in men than in women. The risk of myocardial infarction is very high in young men with an increased number of red blood cells and hemoglobin who do not pay attention to their health. But by eliminating the causes of blood thickening, they could avoid it.

What to do if you have thick blood

To solve the problem of thick blood, doctors usually prescribe Aspirin (1/4 tablet per day) and other drugs based on it (Aspirin-cardio, Cardiopyrin, Cardiomagnyl, ThromboASS), as well as Coumadin (Warfarin).

I want to tell you on the prevention of blood thickening and treatment with folk remedies .

Many people drink very little pure water, replacing it with tea, coffee, and sweet soda. An adult should drink 2 – 2.5 liters of liquid per day, of which at least 1 liter should be clean water. Even more so in hot weather. Teach your children to drink water. Natural water is a very powerful remedy against blood thickening and blood clots.

Follow a diet for thick blood

If you have thick blood, you need to watch your diet. Eliminate fatty and fried foods, smoked foods, canned foods and marinades from your diet. Sugar and any other sweets are not recommended.

Blood thickening products should be limited. Here is a list of them: meat broths, fatty meats, sausages, jellied meat, bananas, mangoes, cabbage, cream, white bread, chokeberries, viburnum, lentils, grape juice, rose hips, buckwheat.

But don’t be upset, there are a lot of delicious foods that, on the contrary, will help thin the blood.

Blood Thinning Products: garlic, beets, ginger, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, apples, cherries, plums, lemon, orange, grapefruit, pomegranate, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, red bell pepper, artichoke, sprouted wheat grains, sea fish, cocoa, dark chocolate , sunflower seeds.

To thin the blood, products containing the amino acid taurine are recommended. Most taurine is found in seafood (fish, shellfish, shrimp, etc.). These products must be consumed at least 2 – 3 times a week. Please note that when cooked, the amount of taurine in food is significantly reduced. Therefore, to obtain the required dose, you should take high-quality dietary supplements with taurine.

Eat seaweed regularly. Dry seaweed can be ground in a coffee grinder and eaten instead of regular salt.

An additional source of Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids is flaxseed oil, which can be taken one tablespoon per day. Prostaglandins synthesized from these acids lower cholesterol levels and thin the blood. Olive oil (unrefined, cold pressed) has the same properties.

Walnut increases blood viscosity, but in combination with other herbs it is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, varicose veins, consequences of stroke, etc. The same applies to Sophora japonica.

Large amounts of salt increase blood viscosity.

Physical activity

Don't forget about physical activity. To maintain a healthy circulatory system, you need to move. This could be running, swimming, fitness, dancing, yoga - any sport that suits your taste.

Running is the simplest and most accessible of them. Many people think that you need to run in the morning, but this is not true. In the morning, blood viscosity is increased and it is difficult for the heart to push it through the vessels, even without a load. It is better to run in the evenings, and in the morning you can do a light warm-up.

Quit smoking and alcohol

They significantly increase blood viscosity.

Attention! Diuretics, hormonal and contraceptive drugs, as well as Viagra, thicken the blood.

Medicinal herbs that thicken blood

These herbs include: plantain, shepherd's purse, knotweed, tansy, valerian, horsetail, St. John's wort, burnet, corn silk, nettle (fresh leaves). Herbs should be taken in courses and in no case constantly.

Medicinal herbs that thin the blood

To thin the blood in folk medicine, the following are used: wormwood, chicory, lungwort, meadowsweet, peony, hawthorn, lemon balm, red clover, ginkgo biloba, Caucasian dioscorea, willow bark, mulberry, acacia, sweet clover, horse chestnut (but only its peel, the chestnut fruits are very poisonous), aloe juice and Kalanchoe.

Traditional medicine recipes for thick blood

In folk medicine, there are many effective remedies that can replace Aspirin. I will share some of them with you.

1. Meadowsweet (meadowsweet).

1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of meadowsweet into one glass of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Strain and drink like tea. Meadowsweet decoction is indicated for various problems with the blood and vascular system, and tumors. It improves memory, cleanses blood vessels, and has a sedative effect. Can replace Aspirin.

2. Horse chestnut.

Crush the horse chestnut fruits with a hammer and collect the brown peel. Throw away the fruits themselves (they are poisonous), and pour 50 g of the peel into 0.5 liters of vodka. Leave for 2 weeks in a dark place, then strain. Take one teaspoon 2-3 times a day, mixed with ¼ glass of warm water. Drink on an empty stomach. You can eat no earlier than 30 minutes after taking the tincture.

3. Nutmeg.

Grind the nutmeg. Pour 100 g of nutmeg into 0.5 liters of vodka. Leave in a dark place for 2 - 3 weeks, then strain. Drink 20 - 30 drops per ¼ glass of warm water, 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

4. Garlic, honey and lemon.

1/3 jar of finely chopped garlic and 2/3 vodka. Bank of any size. Infuse for 2 weeks in a dark place, shaking once every 2-3 days, then strain. Add honey and freshly squeezed lemon juice to the tincture in a 1:1:1 ratio. To stir thoroughly. Take one tablespoon 1 time per day before bed. Store in a cool, dark place.

Dietary supplements (BAA)

• Flavit – dihydroquercetin powder (obtained from the wood of Siberian larch and Dahurian larch). For prevention, take one capsule per day.
• Dihydroquercetin is made from the same raw materials. Take one tablet once a day.
• Capilar is the same raw material. Reduces blood viscosity. Take 1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day.

To prevent blood thickening, these drugs are used in courses of 3 weeks. The break between courses is 7 – 10 days.

Hirudotherapy for blood thickening

The most effective method of traditional medicine in the fight against high blood viscosity is hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches). Leeches, by injecting saliva containing many different enzymes (including hirudin), can significantly improve the properties of blood and reduce its viscosity.

Drowsiness, general malaise and rapid fatigue are the first and main symptoms of increased blood viscosity.

With further deterioration of health, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and tingling in the heart area occur.

Frequent accompanying manifestations include blurred vision, memory, headaches and dizziness, irritability, temporary loss of coordination, and bloating.

Such conditions serve as an alarming signal for the disease PWS (hyperviscosity syndrome), which, when intensified and in a chronic form, has extremely serious consequences. If you have suspicions, it is better to immediately consult a doctor, undergo diagnostics, identify the causes and take health measures as early as possible.

Diagnostics

Causes and counteraction to SPV

Blood thickening is associated with various diseases, unhealthy habits, and side effects of medications. Common reasons:

temporary acute PWS occurs with intestinal infections such as dysentery as a result of diarrhea and vomiting, dehydrating the body; The main remedy against acute dehydration: drink a lot of water with a small addition of salt ("coarse sulfur", without harmful additives);

also, temporary acute PWS occurs with extensive burns - the body produces a lot of leukocytes and platelets, suffers from an excess of damaged protein dissolving in the blood, the person feels feverish, he sweats; We also recommend lightly salted water;

chronic overeating of sweets, potatoes, noodles and the resulting acidification and slagging of the body, diabetes; recovery consists of changing the menu with the abandonment of “refined” and easily digestible carbohydrates, replacing them with natural and incompletely digestible carbohydrates that have cleansing properties (for example, vegetables and fruits with pulp, seaweed, krill paste);

various diseases that cause disturbances in the functioning of the adrenal glands and kidneys; diagnosis and treatment of these diseases eliminate the cause of blood thickening;

diseases accompanied by an increase in protein in the blood, as well as erythremia (excessive production of red blood cells and other blood elements);

hepatitis of various nature; we treat “jaundice” - we get rid of the problem;

pancreatitis of the pancreas; We often eat in moderation and undergo treatment;

diuretics, contraceptives, hormones, Viagra and other drugs - reconsider, are they really necessary?

Occasionally, thrombophilia and varicose veins are indicated among the causes of PWS; we believe that these are effects, not causes.

A person with increasingly thick and sticky blood naturally increases the risk of strokes, heart attacks, heart attacks and high blood pressure, blood clots, and sometimes varicose veins (more often in women).

Treatment and prevention

When treating thick blood, you should not rely only on medications and procedures. Lifestyle and proper nutrition are very important.

So, in severe forms of PWS, when there are already problems with the heart, blood vessels, after a stroke, intense physical activity is contraindicated, but small ones are mandatory and very useful. Just try to do at least a few regular activities and exercises, and your blood will naturally become more fluid, adding many good quality years to your life!

It is useful to drink 8-10 glasses of liquids daily (unsweetened teas, water, preferably infused with shungite or silicon, spring water). Avoiding fine white salt with harmful additives, consume rock or other salt in moderation.

Restrictions:

exclude or limit in the diet chokeberry, leafy and green vegetables, bananas, as well as buckwheat, soy products, products with trans fats (margarine, mayonnaise, chips), marinades;

It is better to replace white bread and loaf, pasta with gray and black bread, cereals;

avoid salty foods and smoked foods, overcooked fatty foods;

give up smoking and alcohol;

Sugar and sweets literally thicken and make the blood sticky - they are avoided.

What to do? Taking aspirin?

The problem can strike when you are quite young, in your forties and fifties. This is a known fact that has led to the widespread use of daily aspirin to thin the blood. However, after publication in JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) 2012; 307:2286-94 this practice is increasingly being criticized.

Then a study of more than 370,000 patients found that people taking low-dose aspirin daily were 55% more likely to have serious brain or intestinal bleeding (hemorrhage). The actual risk of aspirin-induced bleeding was 5 times greater than previously estimated. Serious risks even when taking small doses of aspirin force many, if not to abandon aspirin-containing drugs, then to reduce the doses taken and turn to “natural treatment.”

In modern medical practice, the leadership of aspirin in the universal treatment of thick blood is challenged by at least two drugs - Nattokinase-Serrapeptase and Warfarin or Coumadin (a herbal preparation from sweet clover that blocks the action of vitamin K, which promotes blood clotting). Aspirin-containing “Agrenox”, “Heparin”, “Enoxaparin”, “Plavix” continue to be used.

The course of taking medications based on aspirin and sweet clover is supposed to be accompanied by a certain diet; they are all quite effective, but are dangerous due to intestinal bleeding.

Black stool indicates bleeding in the intestines.

There are also more “gentle” ways of recovery and treatment. Among the specialized drugs: “Aspercard”, “Curantil” and “Eskuzan” are recommended to improve the condition of veins, and “Cardiomagnyl” is recommended for regular use by elderly patients to prevent heart attacks.

Diets consisting of natural products, with a constantly updated assortment, are still popular.

Previously, bloodletting was widely used to thin the blood; now it is usually avoided or replaced by donation. By the way, normally a white person wears rouge; usually the absence of blush indicates either anemia and anemia, or, on the contrary, thick and viscous blood. After donating blood, donors prone to anemia turn pale, and those prone to thick blood turn pink (this is where doctors prefer to take blood).

The fashion for hirudotherapy is returning - treatment with medicinal leeches. Hirudin (a group of biologically active substances injected into the wound with a leech), in addition to thinning the blood, has a number of other useful properties:

the hypotensive effect facilitates the functioning of the kidneys, promotes the outflow of lymph, and relieves swelling;

anti-sclerotic effect allows you to get rid of stagnation of venous blood, prevents ischemia and cancer;

bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effect improves general condition and well-being, promotes the disposal of toxins, and relieves neuralgia.

Thinning the blood at home

At the everyday level, we pay special attention to nutrition and the “natural pharmacy”.

Garlic, onions (regular onions, leeks, shallots and green onions) contain antioxidants that reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

A regular menu with wild fatty fish (trout, salmon, herring, sardines and mackerel) saturates the body with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fats.

Unclarified vegetable oil, sprouted wheat sprouts, and nuts thin the blood not only with Omega-3 fats, but also with the presence of an active agent against the formation of blood clots - vitamin E.

Seafood and ginger contain taurine, which is an excellent blood thinner.

Nightshades (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants) are an excellent thinning agent.

Mint, honey, various berries and fruits, fruit vinegar and cider are sources of salicylates, which thin the blood.

The absence of overeating, therapeutic fasting, and physical exercise help thin the blood in terms of proteins.

Taking vitamin C or foods rich in it, such as citrus fruits, peppers, kiwi, berries. The benefits of this vitamin are not limited to simple cold prevention - it also includes ensuring the removal of excess proteins from the blood and creating high-quality collagen and elastin. They help you look good, strengthen blood vessels and reduce the risk of high blood pressure and strokes.

It is better to replace meat with poultry, eggs, and white fish.

Raspberries in any form, wheat sprouts, and tincture of horse chestnut peel with vodka are excellent blood thinners.

The condition of the blood plays an extremely important role in the overall health of our body. And every adult needs to periodically monitor its composition and changes. This allows you to prevent various diseases and disorders, identify and correct them in a timely manner. One of the most important blood indicators is blood viscosity. The lifespan of the cardiovascular system depends on it. Let's talk about what the blood viscosity should be normally in a person.

What might a “person on the street” ask about viscosity? Well, the fact that a drop of jam flows down the wall of a mug slowly, and a drop of tea flows quickly, and also the fact that you won’t get stuck in the water, like in a swamp. In addition, you may remember that to reduce blood viscosity, its thickness, and to thin it, experts recommend drinking more water. That's all that comes to mind at first. Not many, however, associative comparisons and images that the word viscosity forms are correct.

What is dangerous about increased blood viscosity?

Blood is the most important fluid in our body. It flows through the vessels and carries with it a variety of nutrients and breakdown products. An increase in blood viscosity indicates that not all of its cells can fully perform their functions. At the same time, the tissues and organs of our body are faced with a deficiency of nutrients and become contaminated with decay products. And excess blood viscosity requires especially powerful work of the heart, which is why it simply wears out. In addition, its high viscosity in humans increases the likelihood of blood clots forming in various parts of the body, and this in turn can result in blockage of blood vessels, acute heart failure, heart attack or stroke.

A significant increase in blood viscosity is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, general weakness, excessive fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Patients with this problem experience a sharp decrease in performance and constant drowsiness. If blood viscosity is not normalized, it later leads to the appearance of nodules in the veins and nosebleeds.

Many people also complain of constant coldness in the extremities, crawling sensations and stiffness in the legs. Absent-mindedness occurs, concentration decreases, dizziness and depression appear. If the viscosity is normal, then there are simply no such signs.

What is dangerous about a decrease in blood viscosity in humans?

Deviation from the norm in a downward direction can also harm a person. After all, low blood viscosity leads to it becoming more liquid. This is accompanied by a decrease in its coagulability. Accordingly, even a small wound can be complicated by severe bleeding and serious blood loss. With low blood viscosity, there is a decrease in blood pressure, as well as an increase in the size of the spleen. Quite often, with such a disorder, the patient periodically begins to bleed from the nose, gums, different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, etc. Blood loss usually leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia.

When is the best time to test blood for viscosity?

In order for the results of the study to be as accurate as possible, it must be carried out on an empty stomach - ten hours after a meal. In this case, it is better to avoid intense physical activity, not to consume excess water (more than usual) and to give up alcohol a day or two before donating blood.

Various research methods can be used to determine the level of blood viscosity. Most often, for diagnostic purposes, a coagulogram is performed - a set of tests, which take doctors one or two working days to evaluate and summarize.

What should be normal for a person in an analysis?

Coagulogram norms

Time it takes for blood to clot:

According to Lee-White - from five to ten minutes.
- According to Mass and Magro - from eight to twelve minutes.

Bleeding time:

According to Duke - from two to four minutes.
- According to Ivy - no more than eight minutes.
- According to Shitikova - no more than four minutes.

Other coagulogram indicators:

Thrombosed time according to Quick (PT) - from eleven to fifteen seconds;
- INR (stands for International Normalized Ratio - abbreviated INR) - from 0.82 to 1.18;
- activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) – from 22.5 to 35.5 seconds;
- activated recalcification time (abbreviated AVR) – from 81 to 127 sec;
- prothrombin index (abbreviated PTI) – from 73 to 122%;
- thrombin time (TT) from 14 to 21 seconds;
- soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (abbreviated RFMC) – from 0.355 to 0.479 U;
- antithrombin III (abbreviated AT III) – from 75.8 to 125.6%;
- D-dimer – from 250.1 to 500.55 ng/ml;
- fibrinogen – within 2.7-4.013g.

Additional Information

Unfortunately, not all doctors know how to correctly interpret a coagulogram and other similar studies to determine blood viscosity.

Many doctors rely on the prothrombin index to evaluate this criterion. c Normally, the viscosity according to its indicators should be approximately 73-100%. Experts also take into account the level of fibrinogen. It should be within 204 g/l.

Also, to assess blood viscosity, you can pay attention to the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (abbreviated ESR) or the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This criterion shows the ability of cells to settle, and the reaction is assessed over a certain time period. It is worth noting that too low ESR (ROE) indicators indicate high blood viscosity.

Normal blood viscosity when using a viscometer

A viscometer is a special device that helps determine the viscosity level of various substances. It is not always used, however, such a diagnostic method exists.

When using a viscometer, the blood viscosity for men is ideally 4.3 - 5.4 scale divisions, and for women, blood is normally thick at 3.9 - 4.9 scale divisions.