Symptoms of a syphilitic infection. Syphilis: definition, etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment

is an infectious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner, through blood transfusion, and when the pathogen enters through wounds. Since the discovery of penicillin in the middle of the 20th century, the spread of this disease in to a large extent been controlled, but efforts to eradicate the disease have so far been unsuccessful.

Therapist: Azaliya Solntseva ✓ Article checked by Dr.

Syphilis in women - 4 stages

Without treatment, the disease progresses and passes through 4 stages: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. It can be acquired or congenital (transmission route - in utero from an infected mother).

Syphilis manifests itself in many ways and can mimic many other infections and immunological processes in the later stages. That is why, he earned the nickname "the great impostor".

The causative agent Treponema pallidum (pallid treponema) almost cannot survive outside the body. The transmission of the microbe requires direct contact with the carrier of the infection, the microorganism is exclusively a human pathogen.

Treponema does not survive drying or exposure to disinfectants. Therefore, household transmission (for example, when sharing toilets) is practically impossible. Unprotected sex is a major risk factor for infection.

Syphilis remains a common disease in many developing countries and in some areas of North America, Asia and Europe, especially in its eastern part. Most new cases occur in women aged 20-29 years.

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How the disease manifests itself - signs

How does syphilis manifest itself in women? After the primary stage, the symptoms of which are the appearance of a painless ulcerative chancre (node) at the site of infection, and an increase in lymph nodes, the next stage of the disease begins.

Secondary syphilis manifests itself in different ways. It usually presents as a skin rash that appears within 2 to 10 weeks of the initial chancre. The rash is most pronounced 3-4 months after infection. Lesions can also be subtle: 25% of patients may not be aware of skin changes.

Typical is a localized or widespread mucosal rash (usually non-pruritic and bilaterally symmetrical) with systemic, non-intense enlargement of the lymph nodes. Patchy alopecia and condylomatosis may also be observed.

There are common symptoms of syphilis in women: malaise, migraine, anorexia, nausea, bone pain and fatigue, as well as fever and spasm neck muscles. A small number of those infected develop acute syphilitic meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain) and deafness.

Other less common manifestations include hepatitis, nephropathy, proctitis, arthritis, and optic neuritis.


Stage latent syphilis in women, which follows the secondary phase, can last from several years (up to a maximum of 25). Patients can recall the symptoms of the primary and subsequent stages of the disease.

In the latent phase, there are no symptoms and the disease is detected only by serological tests. At the stage of late latent syphilis, women can transmit the disease in utero to the fetus.

During the tertiary phase, the disease progresses slowly, can spread in the body and affect any organ. At this stage, the disease is usually not considered contagious (capable of infecting others).

How the disease manifests itself:

• chest pain, back pain, stridor (noisy and wheezing), or other symptoms associated with aortic aneurysms;
• imbalance, sensory disorders (paresthesia), urinary incontinence;
• neurological problems, including hearing loss and vision loss;
• dementia.

Lesions usually develop within 3-10 years after infection. Symptoms of damage to the central nervous system depend on the affected area: headache, dizziness, psycho-emotional reactions in the form of mood swings, spasm of the neck muscles, blurred vision, weakness of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and limbs.

Some patients develop behavioral changes and other signs of dementia 10 to 20 years after infection, suggesting paresis.

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The first symptoms of syphilis on the genitals

How long does it take for syphilis to show up? The initial signs of syphilis in women occur 10-90 days after the bacteria enter the body. The first symptoms appear mainly on the vulva or cervix.

Ten percent of syphilitic lesions are found around the anus, in the mouth, on the fingers, tongue, nipples, or other non-genital organs. The invasion is followed by a local, unexpressed enlargement of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).

Lesions (chancres) usually begin as solitary, raised, hard, and red papules (nodules), up to several centimeters in diameter. They collapse, creating a crater with slightly raised edges around the central ulcer and a red border. It usually heals with rough scarring within 4 to 8 weeks, regardless of treatment.

Although genital chancres are often solitary, they may be multiple in some patients. Sometimes they appear as "kissing lesions" on opposite surfaces of the skin, such as the labia.

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How long does it take for the disease to show up?

After contact with the carrier and entering the body, the bacteria quickly penetrate into unaffected mucous membranes or microscopic skin abrasions and within a few hours are in lymphatic system and bloodstream contributing to the development of systemic infection.

The incubation time from exposure to the development of primary lesions that appear at the site of entry of pathogens into the body averages 3 weeks, but can vary from 10 to 90 days.

Studies show that spirochetes (the order of bacteria that treponemas belong to) can be detected in the lymphatic system as early as 30 minutes after the initial introduction. This suggests that syphilis is a systemic disease from the very beginning.

Primary syphilis in women is characterized by the development of a painless chancre (hard nodule) at the site of infection after a 3-6 week incubation period.

The incubation period of the secondary stage, i.e. how long the disease develops is 4-10 weeks after the onset of the initial lesion. During this stage, the spirochetes multiply and spread throughout the body.

The central nervous system (CNS) becomes infected early stage infections; studies show that in the secondary stage more than 30% of patients have abnormal results in cerebrospinal fluid. During the first 5-10 years after the onset of the disease, lesions are detected meninges, fabrics and blood vessels leading to neurosyphilis.

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Allocations for this pathology

Atypical occurrence in this disease. It is important to understand that female body in normal condition secretes from the genital tract, which are designed to maintain the constancy of the environment and flora of the genital organs, as well as to ensure the physiological functions of the body.

In the case of the location of the primary focus (chancre), on the genitals, unexpressed mucous secretions are noted, transparent, without an unpleasant odor. A change in these parameters may indicate the addition of another infection, such as chlamydia or candidiasis.

With ulceration of a chancre located in a zone rich in blood vessels, streaks of blood may appear.

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Rash in the fair sex

In the primary phase, there is usually a single, painless nodule (papule) that quickly breaks down and hardens. The edge and base of the ulcer have a cartilaginous texture to the touch.

Although classic chancres are painless, they can be uncomfortable if contaminated with bacteria or located in the anus. Non-genital chancres occur most commonly above the neck, usually affecting the lips or oral cavity.

Secondary syphilis in women presents in a variety of ways, but usually involves a localized or diffuse mucosal rash. The exanthema may be patchy, nodular, or mixed.

The initial lesions are usually bilateral and symmetrical, ranging from pale red to Pink colour(in fair-skinned people) or pigmented (in dark-skinned people).

The rash is separate, round, consists of evenly colored spots with a diameter of 5-10 mm, distributed over the trunk and extremities. After a few days or weeks, red nodules 3-10 millimeters in size appear. The elements become necrotic (purulent) and often spread to the hands and feet.

10-15% of patients with secondary syphilis develop painless superficial mucosal erosions in the palate, pharynx, larynx, vulva, or in the anus and rectum.

These spots are round, silver-gray defects with a red areola (border). They are a reservoir of treponema and a source of infection.

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Analyzes and diagnostics

Treponema pallidum cannot be cultured and is too small to be seen under a light microscope. Serological testing is considered standard method detection of all stages of the disease.

When acquired syphilis is suspected, the traditional approach is to first perform a non-treponemal syphilis test, or a newly developed antigen test, and then a specific test.

A distinctive feature of the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis in a woman is the lack of 100% results. The specificity of the development of microorganisms is cyclicity, even with obvious symptoms, the test can give negative result. Therefore, regular examinations by a gynecologist and laboratory testing are recommended.

The sensitivity of the first assay is 78-86% for detecting the primary phase, 100% for detecting the secondary and 95-98% for the tertiary process.

Specificity ranges from 85 to 99% and may be less in people with vascular collagen (connective tissue) disease, pregnancy, intravenous use drugs, tuberculosis and malaria. The test results become positive 1-2 weeks after the formation of the chancre.

Because of the possibility of getting false positive results confirmation of any positive or equivocal result of the above analysis should be accompanied by a treponemal test, (eg fluorescent antibody uptake). Sensitivity is 84% ​​for detecting primary infection and almost 100% at other stages.

Dark field microscopy is possible way assessment of moist skin lesions such as chancre of primary syphilis or condyloma of secondary.

Confirmed patients are tested for other sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection.

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How to treat the disease

Penicillin was created as an effective remedy for combating syphilis. It remains the foundation of treatment and the standard by which other therapies are judged.

How to treat syphilis in women while using penicillin:

1. Primary or secondary syphilis - benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units intramuscularly in a single dose.
2. The early hidden stage is similar.
3. Late latent syphilis or unknown duration - benzathine penicillin 7.2 million units. It is administered as 3 doses of 2.4 IU with an interval of 1 week.

The principles of treatment of the disease include the following:

1. Penicillin is the main drug for the treatment of the disease.
2. Doxycycline is the best alternative in the treatment of early and late latent stages of the disease. Syphilis in a woman associated with HIV infection does not require any enhanced antimicrobial therapy.
3. In the treatment of the disease with weekly injections on late stage, skipping a dose for 10-14 days does not require restarting the entire course of injections.
4. An interval of 7-9 days between medications may give the best results.

Surgery is reserved for the treatment of complications of tertiary syphilis (eg, aortic valve replacement).

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Proper disease prevention

The main goal is to limit the spread of syphilis. This entails counseling people on the use of safer sexual practices and educating patients who abuse intravenous drugs. The latter should never share needles and are required to use clean syringes.

Identification and treatment of sexual partners and drug companions is of paramount importance. Prevention also involves special training for healthcare professionals on the precautions to take when treating such people.

One dose of benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM is recommended for all individuals who have had sexual contact with a partner who has tested positive for primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis within the previous 90 days.

Circumcision does not help prevent transmission, although it may help reduce the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV infection.

Syphilis - serious disease, which is characterized by damage to the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs of a person.

He is attributed to classical diseases sexually transmitted. Unprotected intercourse with an unreliable or random sexual partner can cause syphilis.

The symptoms of syphilis are very diverse, and the manifestations of the disease largely depend on its period. Previously, this infection was considered incurable, but in our time it is successfully treated with antibiotics.

How is syphilis transmitted?

In most cases, syphilis is transmitted through sexual contact in the vagina, mouth, or rectum. Treponema enters the body through small defects in the mucous membrane of the genital tract.

However, there are cases of infection in the household way - the disease is transmitted from one partner to another through saliva during a kiss, through objects of common use on which there is a dry discharge containing pale treponema. Sometimes the cause of infection can be a transfusion of infected blood.

Pathogen

A mobile microorganism from the order of spirochetes, pale treponema is the causative agent of syphilis in women and men. It was discovered in 1905 by German microbiologists Fritz Schaudin (German: Fritz Richard Schaudinn, 1871-1906) and Erich Hoffmann (German: Erich Hoffmann, 1863-1959).

Incubation period

On average, it is 4-5 weeks, in some cases the incubation period of syphilis is shorter, sometimes longer (up to 3-4 months). It is usually asymptomatic.

The incubation period may increase if the patient has taken some antibiotics due to other infectious diseases. During the incubation period, the test results will show a negative result.

Symptoms of syphilis

The course of syphilis and its characteristic symptoms will depend on the stage of development at which it is. However, the symptoms in women and men can be very diverse.

In total, it is customary to distinguish 4 stages of the disease - starting from the incubation period, and ending with tertiary syphilis.

The first signs of syphilis make themselves felt after the end of the incubation period (it proceeds without symptoms), and the beginning of the first stage. It is called primary syphilis, which we will discuss below.

Primary syphilis

The formation of a painless hard chancre on the labia in women or the head of the penis in men is the first sign of syphilis. It has a dense base, smooth edges and a brown-red bottom.

Sores are formed at the site of penetration of the pathogen into the body, it can be other places, but most often chancres form on the genitals of a man or woman, since the main route of transmission of the disease is through sexual intercourse.

7-14 days after the onset of a hard chancre, the lymph nodes closest to it begin to increase. This is a sign that triponemes with blood flow are spread throughout the body, and affect the internal organs and systems of a person. The ulcer heals on its own within 20-40 days after the onset. However, this cannot be regarded as a cure for the disease; in fact, the infection develops.

At the end of the primary period, specific symptoms may appear:

• weakness, insomnia;
• headache, loss of appetite;
• subfebrile temperature;
• pain in muscles and joints;

The primary period of the disease is divided into seronegative, when standard serological reactions blood wear negative character(the first three to four weeks after the onset of a hard chancre) and seropositive, when the blood tests are positive.

Secondary syphilis

After the end of the first phase of the disease, secondary syphilis begins. Symptoms that are characteristic at this moment are the appearance of a symmetrical pale rash all over the body, including the palms and soles. It doesn't cause any pain. But it is the first sign of secondary syphilis, which occurs 8-11 weeks after the appearance of the first ulcers on the patient's body.

If the disease is not treated even at this stage, then over time the rash disappears and syphilis flows into a latent stage that can last up to 4 years. After a certain period of time, a relapse of the disease occurs.

At this stage, there are fewer rashes, they are more faded. The rash is more common in areas where the skin has been exposed to mechanical impact- on extensor surfaces, in inguinal folds, under the mammary glands, in the intergluteal fold, on the mucous membranes. In this case, hair loss on the head is possible, as well as the appearance of flesh-colored growths on the genitals and in the anus.

Tertiary syphilis

Today, fortunately, infection in the third stage of development is rare.

However, if the disease is not treated in a timely manner, then after 3-5 years or more from the moment of infection, the tertiary period of syphilis begins. At this stage, the infection affects the internal organs, foci (threshing floors) are formed on the skin, mucous membranes, heart, liver, brain, lungs, bones and eyes. The bridge of the nose can sink, and during meals, food enters the nose.

Symptoms of tertiary syphilis are associated with the death of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, as a result, dementia, progressive paralysis may occur in the neglected third stage. The Wasserman reaction and other tests may be weakly positive or negative.

Do not wait for the development of the last stage of the disease, and at the first anxiety symptoms see a doctor immediately.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of syphilis will directly depend on the stage at which it is located. It will be based on the symptoms of the patient and the tests received.

In the case of the primary stage, hard chancres and lymph nodes are subject to examination. On the next stage the affected areas of the skin, papules of the mucous membranes are examined. In general, bacteriological, immunological, serological and other research methods are used to diagnose infection. It should be borne in mind that at certain stages of the disease, the results of tests for syphilis can be negative in the presence of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose the infection.

To confirm the diagnosis, a specific Wasserman reaction is performed, but it often gives false results of the analysis. Therefore, for the diagnosis of syphilis, it is necessary to simultaneously use several types of tests - RIF, ELISA, RIBT, RPGA, microscopy, PCR analysis.

Treatment of syphilis

In women and men, the treatment of syphilis should be comprehensive and individual. This is one of the most formidable sexually transmitted diseases leading to serious consequences for improper treatment Therefore, under no circumstances should you self-medicate at home.

The basis of the treatment of syphilis is antibiotics, thanks to them, the effectiveness of treatment has approached 100%. The patient can be treated on an outpatient basis, under the supervision of a doctor who prescribes a comprehensive and individual treatment. Today, penicillin derivatives in sufficient doses (benzylpenicillin) are used for antisyphilitic therapy. Premature termination of treatment is unacceptable, it is necessary to complete the full course of treatment.

At the discretion of the attending physician, they may prescribe additional treatment with antibiotics - immunomodulators, vitamins, physiotherapy, etc. During treatment, any sexual intercourse and alcohol are strictly contraindicated for a man or a woman. After the end of treatment, it is necessary to pass control tests. These may be quantitative non-treponemal blood tests (for example, RW with cardiolipin antigen).

Effects

The consequences of treated syphilis usually include a decrease in immunity, problems with endocrine system, lesions of the chromosomal series of varying severity. In addition, after the treatment of pale treponema, a trace reaction remains in the blood, which may not disappear until the end of life.

If syphilis is not detected and treated, it can progress to the tertiary (late) stage, which is the most destructive.

Late stage complications include:

1. Gummas, large ulcers inside the body or on the skin. Some of these gums “dissolve” without leaving any traces; syphilis ulcers form in place of the rest, leading to softening and destruction of tissues, including the bones of the skull. It turns out that a person simply rots alive.
2. Damage to the nervous system (hidden, acute generalized, subacute (basal), syphilitic hydrocephalus, early meningovascular syphilis, meningomyelitis, neuritis, spinal cord, paralysis, etc.);
3. Neurosyphilis, which affects the brain or the membrane that covers the brain.

If the infection with treponema occurred during pregnancy, then the consequences of the infection may occur in a child who receives pale treponema through the mother's placenta.

Prevention

most reliable prevention syphilis is the use of a condom. It is necessary to carry out timely examination in contact with infected people. It is also possible to use antiseptic preparations(hexicon, etc.).

If you find yourself infected, it is important to tell all your sexual partners about it so that they also undergo the appropriate examination.

Forecast

The prognosis of the disease in most cases is favorable. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment leads to a complete recovery. However, with a long-term chronic course and in cases of infection of the fetus in the womb, persistent irreversible changes develop, leading to disability.

every woman needs at least twice a year. In a woman's life, situations often arise when it is necessary to good advice obstetrician-gynecologist, answer to a question, consultation. But even if a woman has no complaints, it must be borne in mind that in recent times asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted infections and gynecological tumors, is very common. Even pathological discharge from the vagina with such diseases is not always the case. Without analysis to distinguish them from normal discharge difficult. With the latent course of female diseases, there is no pain in the abdomen, bleeding, disorders menstrual cycle and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs preventive gynecological examinations and basic tests ( general analysis blood, urine, smear on flora and cytology), the results of which make it possible to detect the presence of hidden asymptomatic gynecological diseases and infections in the early stages. The number of preventive gynecological examinations depends on previous diseases and other factors.

When you need a good doctor's advice, you can come to a gynecologist's consultation at our gynecological clinic, ask the doctor your questions about your health, undergo an initial gynecological examination and, if necessary, further examination and treatment.

Consultation with a gynecologist for early diagnosis of pregnancy

A gynecological consultation and gynecological examination are also necessary for early diagnosis pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like discharge from the vagina is possible, pregnancy tests can be false negative. For an accurate early diagnosis of pregnancy, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist, pelvic ultrasound and determine the level of hCG in a blood test.

A good gynecologist is, first of all, a good diagnostician. Diagnosis of gynecological diseases is based on experience and knowledge. The gynecologist during the initial gynecological examination will determine whether there is a need for more detailed diagnostics, consultations of other doctors. According to the indications you will receive everything necessary recommendations for treatment and referral for testing. This will dispel many fears and doubts, notice adverse changes in time. women's health, take measures to correct them, start treatment on time.

A woman is sometimes afraid or ashamed to come to a gynecologist's consultation and gynecological examination. She is frightened by the examination procedure, and even the appearance of the gynecological chair. Nevertheless, even a healthy woman should visit the gynecological clinic twice a year. The main task of an obstetrician-gynecologist gynecological clinic is to preserve the health of a woman, which is possible only with the prevention of gynecological diseases and their timely detection on initial stages. At the appointment with a gynecologist in our gynecological clinic, you will forget about the fear of a gynecological examination. Polite clinic staff do their best to provide you with the necessary medical services quickly and efficiently.

Features of the consultation of a gynecologist. Gynecological examination

Every healthy woman should undergo a gynecological examination twice a year in order to maintain her health, prevent and detect gynecological diseases in the early stages. To avoid the development of sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological tumors, it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor, but to come for a preventive examination and consultation with a gynecologist.

The gynecologist must know individual characteristics your body, all gynecological diseases that you have suffered. Communication with the gynecologist at the appointment should be easy and trusting. Every woman should have her own obstetrician-gynecologist.

It is advisable to come to a gynecologist's consultation for the first time at the age of 15-16, especially if the girl has not yet begun her menstrual cycle. It is also necessary to come to an appointment with a gynecologist if a woman has already started or plans to start sexual life. Gynecologists advise not only to undergo a preventive gynecological examination twice a year, but also to take basic tests, especially when a new sexual partner appears, to do colposcopy and gynecological ultrasound, because the asymptomatic (hidden) course of gynecological diseases is very common and difficult to diagnose. Many gynecological diseases, if not treated in time, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Stages of gynecological consultation and gynecological examination

Questions for a gynecologist

You can come to a gynecologist's consultation and preventive gynecological examination if there are no complaints or already with certain complaints. A consultation with a gynecologist begins with a conversation. First, the gynecologist asks questions and fills out a medical record. By asking questions, the gynecologist will find out with what problem the woman came to the doctor's office. It is important for a gynecologist to know what diseases a woman has had throughout her life, which will tell him about her predisposition to certain diseases. Some questions may seem too intimate or unnecessary, but they must be answered with absolute honesty. Answer all the questions of the gynecologist and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because the state of your health depends on it.

External gynecological examination

A gynecologist's consultation may include procedures such as measuring pressure, determining weight, and examining the mammary glands. After that, the gynecologist proceeds to a gynecological examination of the female genital organs. For this, a woman needs to lie in a special gynecological chair. The gynecologist conducts an external examination in order to identify possible secretions, irritations, rashes, warts, gynecological tumors and other pathological changes external female genital organs. Having finished the external gynecological examination, the gynecologist proceeds to the internal gynecological examination.

Internal gynecological examination

During an internal gynecological examination, an obstetrician-gynecologist inserts disposable plastic mirrors into the vagina to examine the cervix. At the same time, the gynecologist also evaluates the presence of secretions and other pathological processes. After removing the speculum from the vagina, the gynecologist conducts vaginal examination. The fingers of one hand, dressed in sterile disposable gloves, are inserted into the vagina by a gynecologist. The gynecologist puts the other hand on the front abdominal wall. Thus, the doctor notes the size, shape, position, mobility, soreness of the uterus and appendages, draws attention to the presence of pathological volumetric formations in the small pelvis. If you experience pain during probing, you should immediately inform the gynecologist about this, as this may be a sign of an inflammatory or other gynecological disease. Sometimes the gynecologist may rectal examination(for example, when examining virgins), when there is not enough data from other examinations.

Taking a smear for flora during an internal gynecological examination

A mandatory step in a preventive gynecological examination should be taking a smear. Bacteriological research is a smear test gynecological discharge. In a smear, the number of leukocytes is counted and infectious agents are looked for. More than 10 white blood cells in the field of view may indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or inflammation of the female genital organs. The results of the smear can detect fungi (candidiasis), "key cells" (bacterial vaginosis), changes normal flora in secretions from vaginal dysbacteriosis. The gynecologist prescribes seeding of the discharge and PCR diagnostics of the discharge to clarify the causative agent of the infectious process, if the smear shows the presence of an infection, but does not reveal its pathogen.

Taking a smear for cytology during an internal gynecological examination

A cytological examination (cytology) is an obligatory stage in the early diagnosis of cervical diseases and a mandatory analysis carried out before its treatment. Even if the woman is not bothered by anything and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye, the woman should regularly (every year) undergo a cytological examination of the cervical scraping. A gynecologist takes a scraping during an internal gynecological examination. Scraping is taken with a little pressure, while scraping off the deeper layers of cells. it painless procedure. This is done because the malignant process begins with the lower layers of the epithelium of the cervix and progresses to the surface of the mucous membrane. Therefore, if only surface layer, the diagnosis can be made only when the disease is already at a late stage of development.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix under a special microscope - a colposcope. The gynecologist uses colposcopy in the internal gynecological examination in order not to miss initial signs a malignant tumor, if the patient is not bothered by anything and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye.

Colposcopy has a huge diagnostic value on suspicion of cervical cancer, for diagnostics erosion cervix, dysplasia, leukoplakia. Only extended colposcopy can help to make an accurate diagnosis of cervical disease in the early stages and determine its malignancy.

Extended colposcopy is an examination of the cervix after treatment with a 3% solution of acetic acid. The action of acetic acid lasts about 4 minutes. After studying the colloscopic picture of the cervix treated with acetic acid, the gynecologist conducts a Schiller test - lubricating the cervix with a cotton swab moistened with 3% Lugol's solution. The iodine contained in the solution stains glycogen in the cells of a healthy, unchanged squamous epithelium necks are dark brown. thinned cells (atrophic age-related changes), as well as pathologically altered cells in various dysplasias of the cervical epithelium (precancerous conditions) are poor in glycogen and do not stain with iodine solution. Thus, a gynecologist during colposcopy reveals areas of pathologically altered epithelium and, if necessary, designates areas for a biopsy of the cervix.

Ultrasound of the pelvis and fetus

In gynecology, ultrasound of the small pelvis complements the gynecological examination and is used very widely, because. with its help, with a high degree of reliability, it is possible to conduct an examination of the pelvic organs and monitor the development of pregnancy (fetus). Ultrasound of the pelvis is a method of examination that allows the gynecologist to get an idea about all the organs of the small pelvis, including the uterus and ovaries, which is of great importance in the diagnosis of gynecological tumors and inflammation of the female genital organs, anomalies in the development of the uterus.

Ultrasound of the pelvis makes it possible to determine the causes of abnormal discharge, uterine bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen and menstrual irregularities that are not visible during a routine gynecological examination.

Ultrasound can determine the presence of pregnancy and abnormalities in the development of the fetus. Also, ultrasound plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and is always performed before the abortion procedure to confirm the presence of gestational sac in the uterine cavity.

Consultation with a gynecologist based on the results of a gynecological examination and tests

To make a diagnosis, a gynecologist compares the results of a gynecological examination with anamnesis data (a woman's life and illness history), gynecological tests, complaints, and the results of other examinations. Therefore, in order to make a diagnosis or make sure that there are no gynecological diseases, a woman needs at least two consultations with a gynecologist.

At the first consultation, the gynecologist performs the above-described gynecological examination, colposcopy, pelvic ultrasound, and takes material for gynecological tests. If a woman has complaints and symptoms of gynecological diseases, the gynecologist during the first consultation recommends to the woman what tests (except smears) she needs to pass and prescribes symptomatic treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease (pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding, itching, etc.).

A woman can pass many tests during the first gynecological examination, but for some tests she needs to come to the gynecologist again for fence material for analysis on a certain day of the menstrual cycle, after necessary training or on an empty stomach.

At the second visit, the gynecologist advises the woman on the results of smears and other tests, if they were taken during the first gynecological examination. The results of the tests may indicate the presence of a gynecological disease in the absence of its symptoms, confirm the preliminary diagnosis established at the first examination, or indicate the need for further examination to make a diagnosis.

A complete treatment regimen for a gynecological disease is signed by a gynecologist after a diagnosis is made. After the treatment, and sometimes during the treatment, a woman needs to come to a gynecologist's consultation and take gynecological tests repeatedly to monitor the results of treatment.

Preparing for a gynecological examination

A woman needs to visit a gynecologist's office several times a year if she cares about her health. For a preventive examination by a gynecologist, the most optimal period is after menstruation. One day before the consultation with a gynecologist, it is not recommended to have sexual intercourse. It is necessary to take a shower before a gynecological examination, but douching has a negative effect, because. the doctor needs to see the real condition of the vaginal secretions and take a swab. You don't need to shave your hair before seeing a gynecologist. If a woman has taken antibiotics and other medications, then it is necessary to warn the doctor about this. Sometimes testing for infections must take place no earlier than two weeks after the end of treatment in order to get correct results. If you have to take tests for chronic infections, then it is better to do this before or immediately after menstruation.

An obstetrician-gynecologist consultation with an examination usually takes about 30 minutes. Try not to be nervous during the inspection. Answer all the doctor's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because. your health depends on it.

It is imperative to visit a gynecologist in the following situations

Recently, the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, has been very common. There are vaginal discharges with such diseases, but more often they are the only symptom and appear periodically. Without analyzes it is difficult to distinguish them from normal secretions. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Pathological vaginal discharge is the main symptom of almost all gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases. When they appear, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist with an examination and analyzes for determining infections, including those transmitted sexually.

Uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle, increased and prolonged bleeding during menstruation. Gynecological consultation with examination and ultrasound in this case are necessary to determine the source of bleeding. Bleeding that occurs during pregnancy requires immediate hospitalization.

Abdominal pain. In female gynecological diseases, it is most often observed in the lower abdomen. A consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, tests and other examinations are necessary to identify the cause of the pain.

Problems with conception. Conceiving a child requires preparation. Gynecological diseases can adversely affect pregnancy and the unborn baby. Therefore, it is very important to come for a consultation and examination to a gynecologist to identify and cure them before conception.

At pregnancy planning a woman needs to come for an examination and consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist, be examined and pass in advance analyzes to identify infections, including - ureaplasmosis. Planning pregnancy and during a gynecological examination allows you to avoid complications and unpleasant surprises during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy before a missed period are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like discharge is possible. In order to diagnose pregnancy in time, at the slightest suspicion, it is necessary to go to a consultation with a gynecologist, do an ultrasound scan and a blood test for hCG.

Termination of pregnancy (medical abortion). In the event of an unwanted pregnancy, an obstetrician-gynecologist will provide you with qualified advice on its termination. Medical abortion is the least traumatic for a woman.

Contraception. Each woman should choose with the help of a gynecologist the means of protection against unwanted pregnancy that is most suitable for her. This requires a consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, ultrasound, if necessary, a study of the hormonal background and other tests.

Hormonal disbalance. Often the main cause of diseases of the female reproductive system is hormonal changes (hormonal imbalance). At the consultation, the gynecologist will prescribe the necessary examinations for the diagnosis of hormonal disorders.

Menstrual disorders. Ovarian dysfunction is most often a symptom of serious gynecological diseases. Consultation with a gynecologist with an examination is necessary to identify these diseases.

From symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ninety percent of all women are affected. Before menstruation a woman can experience a lot of unpleasant and painful sensations, which normally should not be. A woman should not put up with these feelings and suffer in silence, it is necessary to come for a consultation with a gynecologist.

tides and painful sexual intercourse are the most frequent symptoms menopause. A gynecologist at a consultation will tell a woman how to alleviate the course of a pathological menopause. Highly dangerous symptom- appearance spotting from the genitals after menopause. When they appear, a woman should come for a consultation with a gynecologist with an examination immediately.

Cervical erosion. One of the most common diseases that may not manifest itself in any way and can only be detected during a preventive gynecological examination.

uterine fibroids. It may also not manifest itself in any way and be detected only during a preventive gynecological examination. Asymptomatic leakage can lead to severe node growth, bleeding and surgical intervention.

endometrial hyperplasia often asymptomatic, but more often manifested by dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Often, the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is made when a woman comes to an appointment with a gynecologist about infertility.

Polyps of the uterus (endometrium) and cervix(cervical canal). In recent years, polyps of the body of the uterus and cervix are found even in girls. adolescence. For a long time they do not manifest themselves in any way and over time can become malignant. For their timely detection every woman needs a gynecologist's consultation and preventive examination twice a year.

Ovarian cyst. At preventive examination on ultrasound, a gynecologist can detect an ovarian cyst in a woman. Some cysts may disappear on their own, but in many cases a course is required. hormonal treatment, and in some, surgical intervention is also required to get rid of the source of danger.

spikes formed when acute inflammatory process in the female genital organs becomes chronic and the healing process is stretched over time. Adhesive disease is practically untreatable. Therefore, to avoid the formation of adhesions, when symptoms occur inflammation Go see your gynecologist right away.

cervicitis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix. It can be manifested by pathological discharge, burning, itching. With a latent course, it may not manifest itself in any way. Therefore, every woman at least twice a year needs a preventive consultation with a gynecologist with an examination. The causative agents of infection are often gonococci, Trichomonas.

Thrush (or vaginal candidiasis) caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Often acquires a chronic course with improper self-treatment. To select the right treatment and identify infections that often accompany an exacerbation of thrush, which a woman may not even be aware of (including sexually transmitted infections), it is necessary to come to a gynecologist's consultation with an examination.

Dysbacteriosis of the vagina is a violation normal microflora vagina. Most women suffer from this disease, it is often the result of improper self-medication. Dysbacteriosis can lead to the development of inflammatory gynecological diseases. Before prescribing drugs to normalize the microflora of the vagina, a consultation with a gynecologist, examination and tests is necessary.

For examination for syphilis a woman can also come for a consultation and examination to a gynecologist . Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, many internal organs, bones, and the nervous system. Recently, it often proceeds completely asymptomatically. Used to diagnose syphilis, RW (Wassermann reaction) is often false positive and false negative and is very outdated.

Benefits of Demetra Gynecological Clinic

• Reception is conducted by highly qualified gynecologists with great experience work
• Given the frequent imitation of gynecological diseases in the pathology of other organs, close cooperation is carried out between gynecologists and the therapist for the benefit of patients
• Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, incl. laboratory tests, pelvic ultrasound and pregnancy ultrasound, colposcopy
• Treatment of diseases without hospitalization (outpatient)
• Convenient location of the clinic in Kyiv: Darnytskyi district, near Poznyaki metro station
• Convenient opening hours by appointment only
• If you have any questions, call us, our employees will provide all the necessary information

Instruction

With syphilis, all body fluids are affected. Therefore, infection can occur not only during intercourse, but also during oral sex and even, especially if there are microcracks on the skin. And in most cases the symptoms syphilis(hard chancre) appear precisely at the point of penetration of the pale spirochete - the causative agent of the disease.

Unlike others for syphilis characterized by a long incubation period. That is why its first signs may not arouse suspicion and remain without proper treatment. And meanwhile it's happening further development illness.

Most often, the first symptoms syphilis appear 40 days after infection. Appears at the site of infection hard seal- chancre - an ulcer with clear boundaries and gentle edges, a dense base and a bluish-red color. It can form on the external genitalia or on the cervix (). And yet the only sign syphilis during this period there can only be an increase in lymph nodes. That is why the stage of the disease can go unnoticed.

The appearance of a hard chancre is accompanied by malaise, fever, headache, muscle and bone and joint pain (mainly), as well as insomnia and anemia. If these signs of the disease are given a completely different meaning, and left without due attention, then syphilis will successfully move into another article, which is characterized by the episodic appearance of a rash.

For the second stage syphilis peculiar long course(up to 4 years or more). The disease is manifested by periodic malaise, strong fallout hair (up to bald spots) and a rash on the skin, mucous membranes, and sometimes on the soles of the feet. Moreover, they change in shape and appear in the form of spots, pustules, merging plaques. A characteristic feature of this stage is the "necklace of Venus" - on the neck like a collar. Its appearance indicates damage to the nervous system.

If untreated, the disease progresses to hidden form and without any special manifestations lasts for years. And despite the absence visible signs syphilis, there is a gradual damage to the osteoarticular, muscular and nervous systems, and after 5 years syphilis passes into the last stage.

In the third stage, syphilis affects all organs and tissues. The nervous system is especially affected. And, despite the fact that during this period the disease, irreversible changes occur in the affected organs, leading to disability or deformity. And so destruction cartilage tissue, a clear sign of the last stage syphilis is the absence of the nose - its cartilaginous part.

With suspicious symptoms - swollen lymph nodes, the appearance of a rash or sores, it is better to immediately undergo a laboratory test. It will help rule out or confirm syphilis. The most common diagnostic method syphilis is a blood test for RV (Wassermann reaction), in which blood is taken from cubital vein. No less common is a serological blood test.

At a positive result, to confirm syphilis, make the reaction of immobilization of pale treponema. In rare cases, with obvious signs syphilis, but at negative analysis, may assign computed tomography.

Sources:

• how to know if you have syphilis

Venereal is called infectious diseases transmitted from person to person sexually (they may also be called STIs or STDs). To date, venereology has more than twenty such diseases. They can be caused by protozoa, bacteria, viruses, yeast mushrooms and arthropods.

Instruction

All venereal diseases are characterized by a combination different currents(latent, chronic or asymptomatic). For staging accurate diagnosis and choosing the right course of treatment, it will be necessary to conduct numerous laboratory studies, and at all stages of monitoring the infectious process (it will also be necessary initial examination, and the dynamics of the course of the disease, and determining the effectiveness of treatment).
In addition, we should not forget that any disease is easier at a very early stage of development. This means that in case of any suspicion of infection, you should immediately contact a venereologist and conduct an examination.

Suspicion may well cause the following: itching, discomfort, feeling of pain and pain in urethra, itching in the vagina, the presence of (any) of the urinary organs, the appearance of rashes

When diagnosing syphilis in a victim, experts mean venereal disease chronic course that affects the skin and mucous membranes on the body, internal organs, bone tissue, and the central nervous system. The formation of the disease is provoked by a pale spirochete, which, being outside the human body, is characterized by poor resistance to alcohol, soapy water, high temperature conditions. At the same time, syphilis is a very dangerous condition, since the causative agent of the disease is able to penetrate into human body through damage even invisible to the eye.

Ways of transmission of pathology

Consider syphilis and its distribution. It is not for nothing that the disease is called venereal, since the disease is transmitted from the carrier to the victim, with the exception of only 5% of cases, through sexual contact. In this case, infection occurs not only in the process of vaginal contact, but also during anal, oral intercourse. Also, syphilis can be:

• Household - this form is extremely rare, because even if treponema gets on personal hygiene items, it quickly dies.
• Congenital (observed in infants) - infection occurs either during gestation, or during labor activity. The lactation period is also quite dangerous if the mother is sick with syphilis.
• Another rare method is blood transfusion. Modern medicine carefully examines donors, moreover, when the substance is preserved, the pathogen dies within five days. increased danger represents only direct transfusion from the host, which happens infrequently.

But even if contact with the carrier has taken place, manifestations of syphilis may be absent in 20% of cases - infection does not occur, since there are no necessary conditions for this. In particular, the number of viral agents in the infected biomaterial can be very small, the absence of microtrauma or individual immunity plays a role. The risk of infection increases when a patient has primary or secondary syphilis, accompanied by erosive and weeping elements of pathological rashes. If a we are talking about late pathology- hidden or tertiary - in the process of contact with a carrier, infection occurs very rarely.

Since a syphilitic rash can form in any area of ​​the skin or mucous membrane, condoms cannot be considered reliable protection, they only reduce the risk of infection, also protecting against urogenital infections that usually accompany the underlying disease.

As for how long syphilis manifests itself, it is important to have an idea about incubation period. On average, its duration is from three to four weeks, but the interval can be reduced to two weeks or increased to six months if the victim takes antimicrobials for any reason. It should be understood that even in the case of the active development of pathology, symptoms at first may be absent. Laboratory studies can determine the presence of the disease only two to four weeks after its primary period has begun. Accordingly, all partners of the carrier who had sexual contact with him during this period are at risk of infection, hence the need to test for syphilis.

How the disease begins to manifest itself

Standard primary signs pathology - the formation of a hard chancre along with an increase in the size of the lymph nodes. A chancre is an ulcer erosive lesion round shape, with clear boundaries. Usually it has a red tint, secretes a serous substance, while acquiring a "lacquered" appearance. The secretions contain an increased number of pathogens; when examining the liquid, they can be detected even in cases where there is nothing suspicious in the blood during laboratory tests. The base of the chancre is solid, its edges are slightly raised, forming a shape similar to a shallow saucer. Usually syphiloma is not accompanied by pain or other uncomfortable symptoms.

There are many places for the formation of syphiloma - these can be the genitals, oral cavity or anus, it all depends on the type of sexual contact. The formation of primary symptoms takes place in stages:

• From the moment the pathogen enters the body to the formation of the considered symptom, it usually takes from two to six weeks.
• An increase in the lymph nodes that are closest to the syphiloma usually begins after seven days.
• After another three to six weeks pass, the ulcers heal, so visible symptoms missing.

There is also a number additional features that accompany the formation of a hard chancre, in this case, the first manifestations include:

• sleep problems, the formation of insomnia;
• fever (high body temperature);
• headache and joint pain, discomfort in the bones;
• general malaise;
• swelling of the genitals.

Atypical symptoms of the pathology include the appearance of amygdalitis chancres in the areas of the tonsils, the formation of panaritium chancres on the fingers, indurative swelling in the area of ​​the labia, regional lymphadenitis and lymphangitis.

Clinical periods of pathology

Characterizing syphilis, it can be attributed to systemic pathologies that can completely affect the body. External clinical manifestations often similar to the symptoms of other diseases, respectively accurate diagnosis includes laboratory research skin and blood sampling for the Wasserman reaction. What specific symptoms of pathology will appear in the victim depends largely on a number of factors, including his age category, lifestyle, immune status, other individual characteristics.

The development of syphilis occurs in three periods - primary, secondary, tertiary. They are preceded by a three-week asymptomatic - incubation - period. Consider how syphilis manifests itself in different periods formations.

We discussed the incubation and primary periods above. Perhaps it should be added that during the incubation period the carrier is not infectious, so that the Wasserman reaction will also show a negative result. With regard to primary syphilis, at this stage in the development of the disease, the patient becomes contagious. Now about the chancre - its disappearance occurs without any treatment, while a scar is formed in the place of the syphiloma. At this stage, it is required to show increased attention- even in the case when the chancre completely disappears, one cannot talk about healing, since the development of the disease continues.

After the treponemas enter the lymph nodes, they are carried throughout the body along with the blood flow. The presence of a primary period of pathology can be indicated by both unilateral and bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually observed in inguinal zone. They differ in dense elastic consistency, mobility and painlessness. In the first half of this period, the Wasserman reaction, along with other blood tests, continues to be negative. However, in the second half of the period - usually this is the sixth or seventh week from the onset of infection - blood tests show a positive result, revealing the presence of syphilis in the body. The above weakness, fever and pain occur at the end of the primary stage of syphilis - these signs can be considered harbingers of the formation of a generalized rash, which marks the beginning of the secondary stage of pathology.

About ten weeks after infection of the body - the typical development of pathology in syphilis is implied - signs appear on the skin that indicate a fresh secondary stage of the disease. We are talking about a syphilitic rash, including pustules and spots, nodules. None of these elements cause discomfort. The rash disappears after a few weeks, without requiring the use of any medications. After it passes, we can talk about the onset of secondary latent syphilis. It is characterized by certain manifestations, among which:

• syphilitic rash;
• hair loss;
• discolored spots on the skin of the neck;
• positive Wasserman reaction, along with other conducted at.

Any of the elements of the rash at this stage is highly contagious, but completely painless.

A feature of the secondary period of syphilis is an increased risk relative to the possibility domestic infection. The duration of this stage is usually two to four years.

Let's see how tertiary syphilis manifests itself. Usually this stage is formed after five or more years from the moment of infection. The main features that characterize the tertiary stage include:

• The formation of gums - foci - in bone tissues, skin, liver and brain, lungs and heart muscle, and even eyes. Gummas are subject to decay, as a result of which the destruction of the site on which they were formed also occurs.
• The appearance of ulcers on the mucous layers of the sky and the back of the pharynx, nasal cavity.
• Possible damage to the nasal septum and its gradual destruction.
• The symptoms of this stage are closely related to the destruction of nerve cells in both the spinal cord and the brain, they manifest themselves in dementia and the appearance of progressive paralysis.

At this time, visible lesions hardly include spirochete pallidum and are therefore rarely contagious. When carrying out the reaction of Wasserman and other laboratory research note a weakly positive or negative reaction. Regardless of the syphilitic signs, each of the stages of the pathology is curable. However, at the third stage, the disease not only affects, but can also destroy many human organs cell regeneration is impossible. Quite often in such a case, the victim becomes disabled for the rest of his life.

Syphilitic rash - the main symptom of the disease

The main symptom of syphilis is a rash, the appearance of which is not accompanied by discomfort. At the initial stage of the pathology, it is a hard chancre, which can manifest itself in a variety of elements, from pink spots to papules and pustules. Centimeter-wide patches of gray, blue or red hues may appear on the skin. In this case, all types of rash can form simultaneously, most often localized on the hands or soles of the feet. Usually, pain or itching is completely absent. An unpleasant sensation occurs in very rare cases, when probing the papules.

Given the almost complete absence of discomfort, the victims often ignore the rash. In addition, it passes on its own, and therefore therapeutic measures activated with considerable delay. Nonetheless syphilitic eruptions have a number of characteristic features:

• The rash is copper colored.
• The lesion that accompanies the rash is peeling or the formation of dirty brown, gray scabs.
• The rash can both disappear and reappear - here the ratio of pale treponema and antibodies contained in the blood plays an important role.
• If there is a relapse, the rash can change. It becomes larger, ovals or circles form on the skin and mucous membranes. Such development can be observed within four or five years - all the time while secondary syphilis will proceed.
• In the presence of tertiary syphilis, subcutaneous seals occur. Their diameter can reach 1.5 cm. Such seals transform into ulcers over time. On the skin, tubercles can form, forming circles, in the center of which ulcerative lesions appear and necrosis is formed.

Given all the dangers of the disease, when suspicious symptoms appear, it is necessary immediate appeal to a venereologist for an accurate diagnosis and development of a therapeutic regimen.

Symptoms in the representatives of the sexes and methods of detection

When comparing the signs of pathology that develops in representatives of different sexes, it can be noted that the main differences are in the localization of foci of syphilis. In men, lesions focus on the scrotum or penis, in women - on the labia minora and the vaginal mucosa. If in love games there is anal and oral sex, negative phenomena focused on the sphincter, oral mucosa, throat, lips and tongue. The skin of the neck or chest may suffer.

In the fairer sex, the formation of a hard chancre occurs most often on the vaginal walls or on uterine cervix, in the region of the labia. The problem with the definition of the disease at the initial stages of development is possible when syphiloma is formed on the uterine neck. Much less often, a chancre is formed on the chest or in the mouth, on the thighs or in the perineum. Most often, one chancre is formed, but the formation of two at once, and sometimes more syphilomas, is not an exception.

If you do not pay attention to the symptoms that indicate the formation of a problem, syphilis can be in the body for not just years - decades! At the same time, its course is undulating, and over time, lesions take on a dangerous and severe character. Is it possible to independently identify signs of syphilis? Undoubtedly, if you follow a number of existing recommendations:

• If suspicious contact has taken place, two or three weeks after it, the whole body should be carefully examined. In this period, the main attention should be paid to the possibility of the formation of a painless hard chancre.
• If a chancre or a similar formation is found, it will be necessary to mentally analyze your condition. In this case, we are talking about primary syphilis, so attention should be paid to fever and fever, headaches, insomnia and muscle pain.
• The next step is palpation of the lymph nodes, primarily the most characteristic ones. Their increase, especially if there is a formation resembling a hard chancre, is a possible sign of syphilis. When probing, the lymph nodes should be mobile and elastic, fairly dense, but painless.

To confirm the presence of syphilis, it is necessary to contact a venereologist at the same time when the chancre was first discovered - only timely treatment prevents complications of pathology.

Signs of a congenital disease

In the process of carrying a child, a woman infected with syphilis is able to infect the fetus from the tenth week of pregnancy through the placenta. If secondary syphilis occurs, the infection of the child is one hundred percent, in the presence of late forms of pathology, infection does not occur so often. Rarely, infection of the fetus occurs in the case of primary syphilis in the mother. If the fetus is infected with syphilis, the consequences can be catastrophic - the death of the fetus with spontaneous abortion is possible. The possibility of a stillborn child is not ruled out. In the case when the baby is still born, he still has symptoms of congenital pathology in childhood, depending on when exactly the mother was infected. congenital pathology may be early or late. The first includes infection of the fetus, infants and young children:

• Fetal syphilis leads to fetal death in the sixth or seventh month, fatal outcome occurs due to exposure to toxins of the causative agent of pathology.
• At the age of a child up to a year, in the case when signs of pathology are visible, we can talk about the unviability of the baby. Immediately after its birth, a lesion of the skin occurs - syphilitic pemphigus. A syphilitic runny nose is observed, a lesion is often diagnosed bone tissue, spleen or liver. If the brain is affected, meningoencephalitis is formed.
• With congenital syphilis in babies from one to five years old, the signs resemble secondary syphilis, the symptoms include syphilitic rash on mucous and skin layers.

With late congenital syphilis, which manifests itself from 5 to 15 years, eye damage is observed, deafness develops, problems appear in the internal organs, and the central nervous system is affected.

Preventive actions congenital syphilis include mandatory tests for the presence of pathology, which are carried out three times during pregnancy. With a positive result, it is necessary to visit a venereologist - a specialist decides on the preservation of pregnancy and the treatment of pathology. If there is an increased risk of congenital syphilis, the pregnancy may be terminated in accordance with medical indications. Women who have had syphilis should plan to conceive no earlier than five years after the final cure.