Carrying out rehabilitation of the oral cavity. What is oral hygiene? Sanitation of the oral cavity is different

Often, patients receive instructions from the doctor about the sanitation of the oral cavity. This term refers to a number of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving the oral cavity.

Many do not know what oral sanitation is and are afraid of the new term. Oral sanitation is a regular procedure that is carried out twice a year and guarantees the health of teeth and gums.

This treatment includes the following activities:

Timely and regular sanitation of the oral cavity will avoid the development of serious diseases and prevent carious tooth decay.

Elective oral treatment is indicated in all cases, including:

children's preschool age;
alignment of the bite by wearing a bracket system;
preparation for surgery;
preparation for long-term hospitalization;
trips to other countries.

For every person who cares about the health of their teeth, regular sanitation of the entire oral cavity should become a familiar event.

Sanitation stages

The decision on the feasibility of sanitation and the necessary procedures is taken by the doctor after examining the patient. The complex of measures for the rehabilitation of the oral cavity consists of several stages:

Teeth cleaning and whitening are optional. They are prescribed by a doctor if indicated.

When registering in the gynecological department, the attending physician will definitely refer the pregnant woman to the dentist. After the examination, the dentist must write in the card about the sanitation. Often women are faced with a lack of information about what does the inscription mean that the oral cavity is sanitized? This means that there is no risk of carious enamel damage and gum disease, which can cause the loss of healthy teeth.

Sanitation

Often, the sanitation of the oral cavity takes place in several stages and not in one visit to the dentist.

Sanitation includes several stages:

examination for the presence of various diseases;
professional removal of dental deposits and soft plaque;

Removal of dental deposits

if necessary, a panoramic picture or X-ray diagnostics is assigned;
treatment of carious cavities and periodontal soft tissues;
treatment of gum disease;
extraction of teeth;
prosthetics and orthodontic procedures;
At the request of the patient, teeth whitening is performed.

All rehabilitation activities are carried out with mandatory consultations on proper oral care, the choice of paste, brush, floss and rinse, taking into account individual characteristics.

All procedures are performed by a dentist-therapist, if necessary, he refers the patient to a surgeon or orthodontist.

Is it possible to fully sanitize the oral cavity? Proper care with the use of therapeutic or prophylactic pastes, rinses, dental floss, visual inspection of the tongue, gums and teeth will help maintain the health of the oral cavity and prevent the formation of foci of infection.

Sanitation of the oral cavity in children

A visit to the dentist in childhood should occur already in the first year of life. The next visit must be planned before visiting the kindergarten. Sanitation of the oral cavity depends on the degree and intensity of the development of the underlying disease. In therapeutic dentistry, this is the caries intensity index. The method allows to calculate the intensity of the destruction of the molars and create a plan for effective therapeutic and preventive measures. The scheme is used for children aged 6-12 years, when there is a change of bite.

Permissible terms at which the development of severe forms of caries is minimized:

I degree - 13 months;
II degree - 7 months;
III degree - 3, 5 months.

The main causes of tooth decay in children:

the presence of chronic diseases;
gestosis or bacterial infections suffered by a woman in the 1st trimester of pregnancy;
taking medication during pregnancy;
improper care of the oral cavity or its absence.

When carrying out orthodontic procedures, which can last 2.5 -3 years, the sanitation of the teeth is carried out without fail. During this time, you may have to visit the dentist up to 8 times.

To prevent the negative consequences of visiting the clinic, as well as for some diseases of the central nervous system, allergic reactions, fear of manipulation, a large amount of dental work, sanitation of the oral cavity under anesthesia is allowed. During the manipulations, the neuropsychic state of a small patient is relaxed, there are no pain and tactile sensations, which makes the whole process calm and comfortable.

Sanitation of the oral cavity during pregnancy

Sanitation of teeth during pregnancy is mandatory. It is recommended to undergo procedures to improve the oral cavity before conception.

Important! Visiting the dentist during pregnancy will keep the mother's teeth healthy and will prevent the negative impact of infections on the baby's health.

During the period of bearing a baby, significant changes in the hormonal background occur in the woman's body, which provokes inflammation of the gums. In addition, the acid-base balance, the mineral composition of saliva changes. This leads to a loss of calcium, a weakening of the density of dental tissue, as a result, the enamel becomes thinner and the teeth are destroyed.

If the sanitation of the oral cavity during pregnancy was not carried out, the pathogenic infection enters the body of the expectant mother, changing the properties of breast milk (it becomes bitter), and causes the development of caries of milk teeth that have just been laid down. It has been scientifically proven that harmful microflora is located and actively develops in the grooves of the tongue of even a toothless baby.

Research results show that almost every pregnant woman suffers from bleeding gums, from inflammation. If you do not turn to the dentist in time, then gingivitis can gradually turn into a more serious form - periodontitis, which is problematic to cure. The constant presence of harmful microflora in a woman's mouth provokes negative consequences for the formation of all life processes of the unborn child. Therefore, rehabilitation during pregnancy is simply necessary.

It should be borne in mind that treatment manipulations are carried out only in the second trimester. In the second and third, only procedures related to acute pain are performed.

Conducting an examination and a set of measures to improve the oral cavity are carried out without harm to the health of the baby. There are separate contraindications for the extraction of teeth, but if such a need arose, the doctor uses a special anesthesia for pregnant women.

Dental treatment

Complete sanitation of the oral cavity is considered completed if all carious cavities are sealed and inflammatory processes are eliminated. This safe procedure will keep your teeth healthy and your smile beautiful.

Sanitation of the oral cavity- a set of measures to improve the oral cavity. It includes the treatment of caries and the elimination of defects in tooth tissues of a non-carious nature by filling, the removal of tartar, the treatment of periodontal diseases, the removal of decayed teeth and roots that are not subject to conservative treatment, orthodontic and orthopedic treatment.

Sanitation of the oral cavity is necessarily carried out for persons who are about to have a planned operation, as well as those who go on long business trips, on geological expeditions, etc. Children of sanitation. oral cavity is carried out before planned hospitalization. Depending on the predominance of a particular dental disease, treatment can be started both with filling the teeth and with the elimination of inflammation of the gingival margin.
Extraction of teeth and oral surgery are usually performed after the completion of dental and periodontal treatment. Patients with an overly excitable nervous system are recommended to be specially prepared for sanitation of the oral cavity by prescribing a complex of sedatives for 3-5 days, or to carry out sanitation under general anesthesia. Oral sanitation activities necessarily include teaching oral hygiene skills with recommendations on choosing a toothbrush, type of toothpaste (hygienic, therapeutic, preventive, etc.), using floss (dental floss) and elixirs.

Allocate sanitation of the oral cavity according to negotiability, i.e. the initiative of the patient, and planned. Planned sanitation of the oral cavity is carried out at the place of work in medical units or in clinics. First of all, the oral cavity is sanitized for people working in hazardous industries or in industries with such working conditions that contribute to the intensive development of a specific dental disease, for example, dental caries in workers of confectionery and flour mills; acid necrosis of enamel in persons in contact with acid vapors; gingivitis in greenhouse workers, etc.
Planned sanitation is also indicated for persons suffering from various chronic somatic diseases in order to avoid the formation of foci of odontogenic infection. Planned sanitation of the oral cavity is carried out for all children in organized groups of kindergartens, schools, boarding schools, sanatoriums, pioneer camps, as well as in pediatric hospitals.

Organizational forms of planned sanitation of the oral cavity are determined by the working conditions of the dentist conducting it. The most effective is the rehabilitation carried out in the dental offices of schools, preschool institutions, boarding schools, vocational schools. This form is called decentralized and is based on the precinct principle. The local doctor carries out sanitation for a number of years, monitors the development of the dentoalveolar system, and implements a prevention program.
The decentralized form also includes planned sanitation carried out in mobile dental offices by the team method, however, the quality of treatment under these conditions is significantly reduced. With a centralized form, planned sanitation of the oral cavity is carried out in a clinic where children and adults are invited. It is carried out by doctors at their workplaces, using stationary equipment for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

The maximum coverage of planned oral sanitation of the attached population is achieved gradually and, with a high incidence, takes (at the rate of 4 doctors per 10,000 adults and 4.5 doctors per 10,000 children) 3-5 years. The work is planned taking into account the need to inspect and provide assistance to persons previously sanitized, but already in need of repeated scheduled inspections.

Coverage of planned sanitation of the oral cavity of schoolchildren is carried out according to a certain scheme: every first year of work, children of grades 1, 5, 9 and 11 are initially sanitized. This is explained by the fact that the first 6-8 permanent teeth erupted in first-graders, in respect of which it is important to take therapeutic and preventive measures; in the vast majority of fifth-graders, all permanent teeth erupt; and 9th and 11th grades are graduation. Each subsequent year, initially sanitizing children of these classes, they re-sanitize children of grades 2, 6, and 10. In the third year of work, the dentist completes the primary sanitation of schoolchildren and continues to monitor the children taken for care in previous years. In preschool institutions, oral cavity sanitation begins with the younger group (children at the age of 3 years), because. in this age category of children, predominantly initial uncomplicated forms of dental diseases are observed, the treatment of which is quite effective.

The effectiveness of planned oral cavity sanitation (with the maximum coverage of the attached contingent) is evaluated by several indicators: the number (percentage) of those who are sanitized from those in need of sanitation, compliance with the terms of repeated examinations and sanitation of the oral cavity of the attached contingent, as well as a decrease in the number of people in need of sanitation, identified during repeated examinations, a decrease in the number of fallen fillings, relapses of caries and its complications, extracted teeth per 1000 attached for sanitation.

In organized groups and especially children, it plays a very important role in the overall health of the body. Planned preventive sanitation in the modern sense is a complex of therapeutic interventions in the general system of preventive measures aimed at improving the child's body and reducing. The most important task of planned rehabilitation is the fight against its complications. It also includes the improvement of the oral mucosa.

In accordance with modern requirements, a child is considered sanitized if all milk and permanent teeth affected by caries are sealed, teeth and roots that cannot be treated are removed, and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa are eliminated.

Planned reorganization is made up of a set of organizational measures that require the efforts of a whole team of various specialists and paramedical workers for their implementation.

The organization of dental care for children and adolescents and the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures are carried out in close contact with the administration or other children's institution, with teachers and educators.

For the purpose of planned and organized implementation of the necessary therapeutic and preventive measures in secondary schools, the Ministry of Education of the USSR and the Ministry of Health of the USSR in 1969 issued a special order that obliges the school administration to create the necessary conditions for conducting therapeutic and preventive work among schoolchildren. In accordance with this order, schools, together with the authorities, draw up a schedule for the implementation of therapeutic, preventive and anti-epidemic measures, which provides for the release (if necessary) of students from lessons for medical examinations and therapeutic measures. On the basis of these documents, the city or district departments of public education must issue internal orders on the allocation of special days during the school year for the planned sanitation of the oral cavity.

The experience of R. G. Sinitsyna, L. I. Pilipenko, V. N. Kuznetsova (1971) shows that in order to provide full-fledged planned dental care to children and adolescents of school age, it is necessary to allocate at least two days in the school year. These days should be provided for each class separately and taken into account when drawing up the curriculum and class schedule. The drawn up schedule for the rehabilitation of the oral cavity in children is agreed with the head teacher of the school and signed by the director (or head teacher) and the person responsible for its implementation (chief clinic, head of the dental department.).

There are three forms of planned sanitation of the oral cavity: centralized, decentralized, mixed.

With a centralized form, children in an organized manner with a class teacher or educator come to a medical institution in which all necessary medical and preventive measures are carried out, including x-ray examination, orthopedic, orthodontic treatment. It is advisable to use this form if there is a children's dental clinic or department (at least 5 - 6 seats) and when schools or kindergartens are located close to the medical institution. The centralized form of rehabilitation is convenient because it allows you to carry out all types of dental care. In addition, under the supervision of teachers, paramedical workers, while waiting for an appointment, children read books, participate in conversations, study stands, posters. In this case, it is appropriate to have a conversation about the importance of planned sanitation and timely dental treatment. Such an environment instills in children respect for the doctor, disciplines them, and contributes to the growth of a sanitary culture. Gradually, the child gets used to the environment and begins to understand how important this event is.

In the decentralized form of rehabilitation, children are treated directly at the school or kindergarten. It is used more often when the remoteness of children's institutions from the clinic. This form allows you to study the situation on the spot, establish direct contact with the school doctor, find out the general state of health of the child, however, the working conditions of the dentist in this case do not allow for the full range of therapeutic and preventive measures. X-ray examination, complex surgical intervention, orthodontic treatment, etc. are excluded. Children in need of these types of assistance have to be referred to. However, this form of sanitation of the oral cavity is quite acceptable if it is properly organized. The experience of a number of dental institutions shows that in this case the most rational and effective is the team method of service consisting of two doctors and a nurse. The sister ensures that the children are called from the lesson, maintains documentation, prepares filling material and tools. After the completion of the main rehabilitation activities, a dental surgeon and a nurse should be sent to the school to perform the planned minor surgical interventions and complete the rehabilitation work.

With a mixed form, students of some schools are sanitized centrally in the clinic, others - at school or are first examined at school, and then those in need of treatment are sent to the clinic. This form is most acceptable in rural areas. Its disadvantage is that a certain part of the children do not get to the doctor.

The nurse must establish personal contact with each class teacher who directly monitors the progress of the sanitation of their students. A sanitary asset can be of great help, in particular, the nurses ensure a uniform flow of students into the office, keep order, help the nurse prepare tools, knead filling materials, etc. If good contact is organized with the class teacher and students, in this case it is possible to cover planned rehabilitation of the maximum number of children.

Sanitation of the oral cavity is a necessary procedure for people of any age. The procedure is carried out in order to improve the health of teeth and gums, to prevent infections. Sanitation is carried out in the dental office. It is practically painless and gives long lasting results.

What is oral hygiene and who needs it

Sanitation of the oral cavity is not complete without professional teeth cleaning.

Sanitation implies a complex of therapeutic and preventive procedures for the purpose of recovery, detection, treatment of functional disorders, prevention of dental diseases.

It includes the following procedures:

inspection;
removal of tartar;
plaque cleaning;
treatment (for caries, pulpitis, periodontitis);
removal of roots and teeth that have collapsed;
implementation of anti-inflammatory measures;
installation of prostheses;
removal of "wisdom" teeth;
bite correction.

an operation is due;
the patient goes on a long journey, a business trip;
planned hospitalization;
a woman becomes registered with a antenatal clinic for pregnancy;
imminent birth;
the child enters a state institution;
going on a trip abroad;
a certificate of employment is required;
the person works at the enterprise in harmful conditions;
planned implantation.

Sanitation and treatment is necessary if surgical intervention of an ophthalmological, cosmetic, gastroenterological, ENT profile is to be performed.

The oral cavity is associated with blood circulation in parts of the neck and face. The danger is that pathogenic bacteria and purulent processes in the mouth can lead to infection and blood poisoning.

Before the operation, the doctor must send the patient for sanitation.

More often than others (every 3 months), people suffering from diseases should visit the dentist's office:

asthma;
gingivitis;
tonsillitis;
diabetes
cardiovascular diseases.

In patients with the described problems, the protective functions of the body are reduced, which is why the teeth are destroyed faster. The risk of spreading the infection is higher than in healthy people.

After sanitation, the dentist issues a certificate stating that the oral cavity has been examined and cured. This document is optional. It is required for women applying for a antenatal clinic, when applying for a job, military service. A certificate will need to be brought to people traveling abroad, registering children in a camp, sanatorium.

Varieties and stages

The procedure for improving the oral cavity is divided into 3 categories:

individual;
planned;
periodic.

A description of each of them can be found in the table.

X-ray is one of the stages of sanitation.

Wellness procedures for the oral cavity are carried out in several stages and include the following procedures:

Reception and consultation with a dentist. Before sanitation, it is necessary to carry out measures of the therapeutic spectrum. If necessary, the patient is sent to a therapist, orthopedist, surgeon, periodontist, orthodontist.
Passage of the X-ray room (you need to get a panoramic picture).
Professional oral hygiene.
Drawing up a treatment plan taking into account the recommendations of other specialists.
Treatment.
Registration (not always necessary).
Drawing up a plan for preventive examinations. The specialist talks about how to properly use a toothbrush, paste (relevant for children), dental floss. Gives recommendations on brushing teeth, using mouthwash, irrigator (if necessary).

After sanitation, the patient receives clean, healthy teeth, gums, the absence of stones and plaque, timely treatment of caries and other problems.

Features of the procedure during pregnancy

Missing sanitation during pregnancy is dangerous for both the mother and the child.

Preventive examination and treatment during the period of gestation is mandatory, since during pregnancy transformations occur in the female body:

the process of protein, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism changes;
minerals and vitamins are absorbed worse than before conception;
calcium “leaves” from the bones, which is necessary to maintain the life of the child;
tooth enamel is destroyed;
the pH level in the mouth decreases;
teeth become brittle;
caries appears.

A common problem in pregnant women is periodontitis, gingivitis. The occurrence of infection is dangerous for the mother and fetus. Poor dental care during pregnancy can affect the health of your baby's teeth in the future. During pregnancy, it is not advisable to use anesthesia. However, modern technologies offer sanitation painlessly and safely.

In childhood

Prophylactic examination is carried out according to the schedule of therapeutic and preventive measures. Sanitized is a child whose teeth are sealed, inflammatory processes of the mucosa are eliminated. If caries is very active, the child should be brought to the dentist once every 3-4 months.

Sanitation is carried out, starting from 3 years. You can visit a specialist on your own at a local clinic. The specialist will tell you how to help the baby maintain hygiene. Milk teeth require special attention. The child should visit the doctor at least once every six months. If the baby has a bracket system, sanitation should be done every 4 months.

Cost of the procedure

The price of sanitation depends on the number of visits, the "scale" and the severity of the problems. The cost is determined after a full inspection and drawing up a plan.

The cost of individual procedures can be found in the table.

The price may increase if whitening, consultation of other specialists, other medical procedures were included in the complex of wellness procedures.