The external opening of the urethra of women. Urethra in women

Urethra (urethra) It is part of the female urinary system and the male urinary and reproductive systems.

In men, the urethra, 20 cm long, is located both in the pelvis and inside the penis, and opens with an external opening on its head. Anatomically, the following departments are distinguished male urethra:
(1) outer hole;
(2) navicular fossa;
(3) penile;
(4) bulbous;
(5) membranous;
(6) prostatic (proximal and distal sections).

Figure taken from www.urologyhealth.org

The prostatic urethra passes through the prostate and is divided into proximal and distal parts at the level seed tubercle. In the proximal part of the prostatic urethra, along the posterolateral surfaces, they open with mouths excretory ducts prostatic glands. On the sides of the seminal tubercle are the mouths of the right and left ejaculatory ducts, through which sperm enters the lumen of the urethra from the seminal vesicles and vas deferens. In the distal part of the prostatic part and in the membranous part of the urethra, elements of the urethral sphincter are located. Starting from the bulbar region, the urethra passes inside spongy body penis. The bulbar region is located inside the bulb of the spongy body. In the membranous and bulbar sections, the urethra bends anteriorly upwards. In the penile region, the urethra is located medially along the ventral surface of the penis downward from the cavernous bodies. The capitate part of the urethra is located inside the head of the penis. Inner surface the male and female urethra are covered with a mucous membrane (transitional epithelium, with the exception of a non-extended area near the external opening, where there is a squamous non-keratinized epithelium).

The main functions of the urethra in a man

passing urine out of the bladder
carrying semen out during ejaculation (ejaculation);
participation in the mechanism of urinary retention.

The most common diseases of the urethra

Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), often due to sexually transmitted infections (gonococci, chlamydia, ureoplasma, etc.);
(narrowing of the lumen) of the urethra in its various departments (due to education: congenital, traumatic and inflammatory origin);
Anomalies in the development of the urethra: the most common is hypospadias (the location of the external opening of the urethra on the ventral surface of the penis is more proximal than the top of the head).

In the female body, the reproductive and urinary systems are closely interconnected into one, called the genitourinary system.

The structure of the genitourinary system of a woman is quite complex, and is based on the performance of both reproductive and urinary functions. We will talk about the anatomy of this system in detail later in the article.

What does it look like and what does it consist of?

The urinary system in women (see close-up photo) little different from male, but there are still some differences.

AT urinary system includes:

kidneys (which filter many harmful substances and involved in their removal from the body);
renal pelvis(they pre-accumulate urine, before entering the ureter);
(special tubules that connect the kidneys to bladder);
(organ in which urine is directly located);
urethra (urethra).

The kidneys, both in men and women, have the same shape and structure, and their size is about 10cm. Located in the lumbar region and surrounded by a dense layer of fat and muscle tissue. This allows them to stay in one place without going up and down.

The bladder in women is oblong, oval shape, and for men - round. The scope of this important body can reach 300 ml. From it, urine flows directly into the urethra. And here, too, there are significant differences in the structure of the female and male body.

In women, the length of the urethra cannot exceed 3-4 cm, while in men, this figure is 15-18 cm or more. Moreover, in women, the urethra functions only as a channel for the excretion of urine, and in men it also has a fertilizing function (delivery of semen to the uterus).

In the urethra of any person there are special valves (sphincters) that prevent the spontaneous outflow of urine from the body. They are external and internal, and it is the internal valve that allows us to independently control the process of urination.

As for the reproductive system of a woman, then it includes the external genitalia and reproductive (internal). The external organs are usually called the labia majora, the clitoris, the small lips and the opening leading to the vagina.

In young girls and girls, this hole is tightly closed with a special film (spit).

The reproductive system includes:

vagina (hollow tube, about 10 cm long, connecting the labia with the uterus);
uterus ( main body woman in which she bears a child);
fallopian (uterine) tubes, through which the sperm moves;
(glands producing hormones and egg maturation).

The urethra is very close to the vagina, so all these organs, due to their location, are called a single genitourinary system.

How does urination occur in women?

Urine is formed directly in the kidneys, which take Active participation in cleansing the blood of harmful substances. In the process of this purification, urine is formed (at least 2 liters per day). As it forms, it first enters the renal pelvis, and then through the ureters into bladder.

Due to the structure and shape of this organ, a woman can endure the urge to urinate for quite some time. When the bladder is filled to the limit, urine is released from the urethra.

Unfortunately, the length and location of the female urethra contribute to the penetration of all kinds of infections into the body and the development of inflammatory processes. While, due to the length of the urinary canal, they are insured against this.

What are the diseases of the female genitourinary system?

As already noted, most similar diseases provoked by infections. Moreover, the proximity of the urinary and genital organs causes not only urological problems and ailments, but also gynecological.

There are several other causes of diseases of the urogenital area:

fungal infections;
viruses and bacteria;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
hypothermia;
endocrine disorders;
stress.

Most often, women suffer from the following diseases:

In addition, women are often exposed to infection sexually transmitted diseases and STIs (genital infections). The most common of them:

mycoplasmosis;
HPV (papilloma virus);
syphilis;
ureaplasmosis;
gonorrhea;
chlamydia.

Ureaplasmosis, like mycoplasmosis, are transmitted only sexually, affecting the urethra, vagina and uterus. They are characterized by itching, pain, discharge in the form of mucus.

Chlamydia- this is very dangerous infection, difficult to treat and affecting absolutely the entire genitourinary system. Accompanied by weakness, fever, purulent discharge.

HPV in women proceeds without bright pronounced signs and pain. The main symptom is the presence of papilloma formations in the vaginal area. It is not easy to cure it, it causes great amount complications.

Syphilis and gonorrhea also dangerous and extremely unpleasant ailments that require immediate inpatient treatment. And if you can diagnose gonorrhea in yourself already in the first days after infection, according to the characteristic painful urination and secretions, then syphilis is much more difficult to detect.

Prevention of her diseases

Any disease is much easier to prevent than to try to get rid of it.

Just a few simple rules reduce the risk of urinary tract infections to a minimum. Tips for prevention:

avoid hypothermia;
wear underwear only from natural fabrics, comfortable and not constraining movements;
observe all necessary hygiene procedures daily;
exclude promiscuity or regularly use a condom;
lead a healthy and fulfilling lifestyle, engage in moderate physical activity;
spend more time on fresh air, strengthen immune system additionally take vitamin preparations.

It is important to remember that the female urogenital area is a complex, interconnected system. Any disease can lead to sad consequences : from chronic lesions of internal organs, to infertility or oncology. That is why it is so important to keep preventive actions to prevent their development.

How is the women's reproductive system- watch the video:

The urethra (urethra) is the excretory duct through which urine is excreted from the bladder to the outside. In men, the secrets of the gonads are also secreted through the urethra.

Anatomy. The female urethra - 3.5-4 cm long - is wider than the male one, starts from the opening at the bottom of the bladder, passes behind and below the pubic joint, pierces the urogenital diaphragm and opens outward between the pudendal lips under. The male urethra is a tube 22-25 cm long, consisting of mucous and muscular membranes, forming an S-shaped bend in its path; begins with an opening at the bottom of the bladder, passes through, being located inside it. This part urethra called the prostate. It is followed by the membranous part, passing through the urogenital diaphragm of the pelvis, and the spongy part, located between the cavernous bodies of the penis.

The prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra form its fixed part. Starting from the suspension ligament, there is a movable part of the urethra. The length of the prostatic urethra is 3-4 cm, on its back wall there is a longitudinal roller -, and on its lateral surfaces there are the mouths of the ejaculatory ducts and the openings of the prostatic glands. The membranous part of the urethra is its narrowest and shortest section. It is in this department that muscle resistance can be observed during catheterization.

Under pubic bones at the very beginning of the spongy part there is a thickening - the bulb of the urethra. The bulbous part is characterized large quantity excretory ducts of the mucous glands, there are also excretory ducts of the bulbourethral glands (Cooper). The most peripheral part of the urethra is the navicular fossa. Here are the grape-shaped urethra (Littre). Often on back wall in the navicular fossa there is a semilunar transverse fold.

The blood supply to the urethra is carried out through the branches of the internal pudendal artery. The vessels anastomose widely and form a branched arterial network. The veins of the prostate and membranous part drain into venous plexus pelvis, the veins of the cavernous bodies are connected to the dorsal vein of the penis. The urethra is innervated from the cavernous sympathetic plexus, as well as the spinal branches of the sacral nerves.

Urethra It is a tube through which urine and semen are excreted. The length of the male urethra is 18-20 cm. It can be divided into three sections: prostatic - 3-4 cm long, between the internal and external sphincter of the bladder (above the urogenital diaphragm), membranous - 1.5-2 cm long, perforating the urogenital diaphragm, and the anterior - 15-17 cm long, which is divided towards the periphery into the bulbous (perineal), scrotal and hanging, or cavernous, parts. The diameter of the lumen of the urethra is approximately 1 cm. The narrowest parts of the urethra are the membranous section and the external opening; the widest are the prostatic and bulbous parts, as well as the navicular fossa behind the external opening. The entire length of the urethra is lined with columnar epithelium, except for the navicular fossa, which is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

Numerous openings of Littre's glands and Morgagni's lacunae open on the mucous membrane of the urethra along the upper wall; on the lower wall of the bulbous part there are openings of two larger Cooper's glands, the size of which can reach a pea. On the back wall of the prostatic urethra is the seminal tubercle, the tissue of which consists of three layers: the mucous membrane, the submucosal cavernous tissue and the muscular layer.

On the lateral surfaces of the seminal tubercle, the ducts of the prostatic glands, numbering from 30 to 50, open, and on its top, the mouths of both vas deferens.

The muscle layers consist of smooth fibers that have a longitudinal direction on the inside and a circular direction on the outside.

Arterial blood supply to the prostatic section is carried out by the middle hemorrhoidal and inferior cystic arteries, the bulbous section - by the bulbous artery, the cavernous section - by a. urethralis, aa. dorsalis et profunda penis. The veins of the same name gather in the submucosa and form plexuses that flow partly into the plexus santorinius, partly into the plexus prostaticus.

Lymphatic vessels of the cavernous urethra go to the inguinal and external iliac lymph nodes, back section- to the iliac, hypogastric and upper hemorrhoidal lymph nodes.

The innervation of the urethra is carried out by the pudendal nerve, n. dorsalis penis and nn. perinei.

The urethra is much shorter in women than in men. Its length is 3-4 cm. It opens meager amount sinuses and excretory ducts of glands; two of them open on the sides of the external opening of the urethra - the excretory ducts of the Skene glands.

The female urethra is supplied with blood from the internal pudendal artery, inferior cystic artery, and vaginal artery. The veins drain into the plexus of Santorini and venous system vagina.

Research methods urethra include inspection, palpation, obtaining and examining pathological secretions, glass samples and instrumental research: bougienage (see), probing (see), as well as X-ray diagnostic methods of research - urethrography (see). When examining the urethra, pay attention to the external opening, its width, redness, the presence of secretions, gluing of the sponges. At the same time, when examining the glans penis, pathology is noted: developmental anomalies, (see), inflammation of the glans and preputial sac, paraurethral passages, ulceration. When revealed infiltrates, small nodules, changes in the Cooper glands. It is very important to study changes in the urine stream. If there is an obstruction in the urethra, the urine stream becomes thinner, but the strength of the eschar is normal. When the muscular wall of the bladder is weakened, the urine stream becomes sluggish and falls vertically down. Examination of freshly passed urine allows us to decide on the prevalence pathological process in the urethra. For this purpose they use glass samples. There is a two glass sample; before the test, the patient should within 3-5 hours. don't urinate. The first portion of urine (50-60 ml) the patient fills the first glass, the rest - the second. Urine enters the first glass, washing away mucus, pus or blood from the entire urethra, and the second glass from the bladder. The presence of pus in the first glass will indicate inflammatory disease peripheral (anterior) part of the urethra, pus in both glasses - the back of the urethra. A more accurate three-glass test: using a catheter, the anterior part of the urethra is washed and the liquid is collected in the first glass, then the patient urinates in two doses. When evaluating cloudy urine, one should not forget about the possibility of salt precipitation. Uniformly cloudy, flaky urine may contain crystals phosphoric acid. From adding a few drops to the urine

Few people know what the urethra is in women. The urethra is the urethra, the last link in the urine excretion system from the body. It has its own structural features:

small length (about 3–5 cm);
wide diameter at the moment of stretching;
narrowed areas;
one extension near the bladder;
secreting glands.

The urethra is located in front of the vagina and passes through the muscles located in the pelvic floor. The muscular corset at the outlet of the urethra is slightly weakened.

The urethra performs the following functions:

removal of accumulated urine from the urea;
muscle toning to create a reservoir;
erogenous zone.

Many people think that this is a simple pipe and do not take it seriously. This is an erroneous opinion, since diseases of the urethra in women can lead to a breakdown in the reflex functioning system, which can significantly affect intimate life in a negative way.

Why does the urethra occur?

Urethritis is divided into 2 main types:

non-infectious origin;
caused by infectious agents.

Diseases of non-infectious origin occur:

at mechanical damage the integrity of the mucous membrane with stones, the movement of which is characterized by urolithiasis;
injury with a cystoscope, catheter, etc.;
allergies;
malignant tumors;
diseases of the genital organs;
venous congestion in the pelvic organs.

Diseases infectious nature occur as a result of sexual contact with pathogens:

gonococci;
chlamydia;
mycoplasmas;
herpes viruses.

Factors contributing to the development of urethritis

It is clear that the disease develops for certain reasons and in connection with some pathogens, but there are a number of factors that contribute to the development of this disease:

severe overheating of the body;
injuries of the organs of the reproductive system;
constant stress and the transfer of serious diseases;
poor nutrition;
bad habits, especially alcohol abuse;

lack of vitamins;
chronic form of disease respiratory tract, organs of the reproductive system and oral cavity;
diseases of the urinary system;
period of pregnancy or menopause;
neglect of hygiene rules.

Ways of infection

There are 3 ways in which infectious agents enter the urethra

contact, occurring during the transportation of urine by the body from the kidney, where the epicenter of the infection is located, to the bladder;
sexual - in progress intimacy with a sick partner;
hematogenous - infection comes from inflammatory foci chronic diseases through circulation.

Urethritis is classified according to the nature of the spread:

primary - develops if infectious bacterium enters the region of the urethra;
secondary - pathogenic microbes enter the circulatory process from the pelvic organs, intestines or other location of the chronic focus.

The main symptoms of the disease

Signs of the development of the disease can be very diverse. The clinic of the disease is represented by acute and chronic forms.

The acute form manifests itself when the incubation period passes from the moment the pathogen enters.

The following sensations arise:

the appearance of a sharp pain at the time of urination;
the occurrence of burning and itching at the outlet of the urethra;
the appearance of secretions that have a mucous or purulent structure;
bad smell.

In case of allergic, in parallel with the above symptoms, the following are observed:

difficulty breathing associated with nasal congestion;
rash on the skin;
lacrimation;
the appearance of shortness of breath.

On examination, the urologist can detect a low degree of swelling of the mucous membrane, redness of all tissues that surround the urethra.

Diagnosis

In order to diagnose the disease, it is necessary to conduct a urine test. This is done by the three-glass test method. Morning urine is collected in turn in 3 sterile containers. It is important to remember that the presence of a disease such as urethritis is determined by 1 serving of urine.

As a rule, the following result is achieved:

The first portion of urine has a cloudy structure. In her a large number of leukocytes, because in the cavity of the urethra there is an inflammatory process.
The second portion contains much less leukocytes.
In the third portion, they are completely absent.

The material obtained from the urethra for research is analyzed by bakposev, and the degree of sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics is also established. If a difficult case, then experts use polymerase chain reaction(PCR). With its help, it is possible to determine the type of pathogen by DNA, even with a latent course of the disease. For analysis with a probe, a tissue sample is taken from the wall of the urinary canal. This is a very difficult procedure because female urethra has very small dimensions. This method necessary in order to detect herpetic or chlamydial urethritis.

For ureteroscopy, local anesthesia is used.

Often, specialists will prescribe antibiotics a week before the procedure to prevent further spread of the infection.

With help ultrasound you can determine cystitis, identify a disease in the pelvic organs.

There is also a radiopaque examination by voiding cystourethrography. The introduction of a contrast agent into the cavity of the urethra makes it possible to take pictures. With the help of these images, poor patency, neoplasms, adhesions, and similar defects can be detected. Women in without fail should be examined by a gynecologist. It is necessary to exclude diseases inflammatory nature cervix, genitals.

Applied treatment

Despite the fact that it brings a woman very uncomfortable and painful sensations, there is no need for treatment in a hospital. Disease mild form treated on an outpatient basis.

Initially, you should undergo an examination, which is prescribed by a specialist. During the examination, you can determine the cause of the disease, the type of pathogen, choose the most suitable, effective anti-inflammatory agent. When infection occurs sexually, not only the woman, but also her sexual partner should be treated.

it is important to abandon intimacy until complete recovery;
limit physical activity as much as possible;
prevent hypothermia of the legs;
eat right, or rather: exclude salty, spicy, smoked foods and, of course, alcoholic beverages from the diet;
regulate the amount of fluid consumed: during the day you need to drink about two liters of water in the absence of diseases associated with fluid retention in the body;
eat sour milk daily, more fruits and vegetables.

Concerning drug treatment, then doctors prescribe the use of the most a variety of drugs with anti-inflammatory action, prescribe injections, tablets, vaginal suppositories, douching, etc.

The antibiotic should be drunk for 5 to 10 days. The exact dosage is determined by the doctor, taking into account the degree of inflammation, body weight, age of the patient.

In no case should you self-medicate. It is especially contraindicated to use antibiotics longer than the prescribed period, since microorganisms develop resistance to the drug, and then the medicine does not have the proper effect.

The tactics of treatment is determined by the type of pathogen:

with a disease caused by a fungus, antifungal drugs are prescribed;
if the disease appeared due to mycoplasmas - drugs of the imidazole group.

To enhance the effect of drugs, experts recommend using them in the form of suppositories. Due to the fact that the suppositories are injected directly into the area of inflammation, their composition is completely absorbed by the vessels of the small pelvis. Thus, there is an anti-inflammatory effect on the organs located nearby.

In addition to potassium permanganate, you can use a decoction of herbs that have an anti-inflammatory effect. Douching with antiseptic agents is recommended.

Treatment of urethritis with folk methods

Folk methods do not have the proper effectiveness in. That is why experts insist on medicinal form therapy. Despite this, there are some herbs that complement the action of drugs, and such complex treatment allows you to succeed. For this purpose, herbs and plants that have a diuretic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic effect are used.

The following should be consumed with meals:

lingonberry, carrot or cranberry juice, free of sugar and preservatives;
from fresh herbs - parsley, as well as beets;
decoction of parsley, linden, cornflowers, black currant.

Ways to prevent the disease

To, it will take a lot of time and effort. It is also important to say that this disease brings very unpleasant painful sensations. To avoid this, one must take preventive measures. In the process of prevention, all possible sources of pathogen entry into the body are completely excluded. In this way:

It is important to pay attention to the health of your sexual partner, to avoid unprotected sexual contact.
It is necessary to strictly observe all the rules of personal hygiene, constantly wash yourself using light disinfectants.

Should not be applied hygiene products containing alcohol, soap, as well as components leading to severe irritation urethra.
Exclude from the diet all foods that lead to irritation of the urinary organs. These products include smoked meats, spicy and salty dishes.
You should dress warmly (according to the weather) to prevent hypothermia of the body, especially the legs. It is necessary to wear clothes that do not restrict the waist and stomach, as this leads to slow blood circulation in the pelvic area.
All emerging diseases should be treated with the utmost seriousness and treated in a timely manner in order to prevent them from becoming chronic.

Despite the fact that a disease such as urethritis is not considered a fatal disease, it can greatly affect a woman's health, seriously undermining it. Constant discomfort associated with itching and painful sensations, causes severe irritability, insomnia, negatively affects the ability to work. It is better to do everything in a timely manner to prevent the disease than to experience all the negativity of urethritis and treat it for a long time. When the first signs of the disease appear, you should seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.

The urethra, or in professional language - the urethra is a tube that serves to exit urine from the bladder. The urethra in the female and male half is very different. Due to differences in the structure of the urethra, the female part of the population is more susceptible to various diseases than the male. An important role in normal functioning the urethra in both sexes is played by the microflora present in it. The microorganisms that inhabit the female and male urethra also differ from each other.

Urinary canal in men and women it looks like a soft elastic tube, the walls of which are represented by 3 layers: outer connective, muscular (middle layer) and mucous membrane. The male urethra performs not only urinary function, but also serves to eject the male seed.

The length of the urethra averages from 18 to 25 cm (depending on individual features each person). The urethra in the male half can be conditionally divided into 2 parts: anterior and posterior, which are represented by 3 sections:

Prostatic- has a length of about 3 cm. It includes tubules for ejection of sperm and 2 ducts (prostate and for excretion of sperm).
Membranous- has a length of about 2 cm. It extends through the urogenital diaphragm, which has a muscular sphincter.
Spongy- is considered the longest section of the urethra and has a length of about 20 cm. The ducts of the bulbourethral glands (numerous small canals) go to the spongy section.

The urethra of men originates from the urinary sac, then smoothly passes into the area prostate. The urethra ends at the head of the penis, from where urine and ejaculatory fluid (sperm) are ejected.

You can also watch a video about the male urethra.

Anatomy and functions of the female urethra

The female urethra is arranged in this way:

The urethra of a woman is much shorter than that of a man, no more than 5 cm long and about 1.8 cm wide.
The urethra in women is directed forward, passes next to the elastic wall of the vagina and the pubic bone.
At the end of the urethra, just below the clitoris, is its external opening.
Inside the urethra there is a mucous membrane, which has the form of folds (longitudinal). Due to these folds, the lumen of the urethra looks smaller.
Thanks to connective tissue, consisting of various vessels, veins and special elastic threads, a blocking pad is formed, which is able to close the canal duct.

The urethra serves a woman only for the exit of urine from the body. It does not perform other functions. Due to the short and wide urethra, located next to anus and vagina, women are more susceptible to various infections urinary organs.

View about genitourinary system in women you can see in this video.

Microflora in the urethra

At the time of a person's birth on his skin covering various microorganisms enter, which then penetrate the body and settle on internal organs and their mucous membranes.

Microbes are fixed on the mucous membranes, since they cannot spread further (they are prevented by the internal secretion of the body and urine). In addition, ciliated epithelium provides additional protection against bacteria. Those microbes that remain on the mucous membranes are the innate microflora of the body.

Among women on the mucous membrane of the urethra, there are much more various microorganisms than in men:

In the urethra of the weaker sex, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria predominate, which secrete acid, thereby forming an acidic environment in the body.
If for some reason these bacteria become insufficient, the acidic environment is replaced by an alkaline one, resulting in inflammatory processes.
As you grow older female body, beneficial microflora changes to coccus.

The male urethra contains:

Staphylococci and streptococci, corynebacteria.
In men normal microflora remains unchanged throughout life.
The composition of the microflora can change from frequent shift sexual partners, therefore, dangerous microorganisms that can cause serious diseases can also enter the human body.
Normally, the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urethra is also considered, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria.
In small quantities, ureaplasma, chlamydia, fungi of the genus Candida, mycoplasma can occur.

Diseases in women and men

The process of excretion of urine healthy person occurs painlessly, without causing any inconvenience. If pathogenic microflora penetrates into the urethra, an inflammatory process develops, and the act of excretion of urine begins to be accompanied by pain, burning, itching and other unpleasant symptoms.

Inflammatory processes in the urethra can be:

specific. These include those diseases that were obtained sexually (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis.
Nonspecific. The second include those diseases that have arisen due to the large (pathogenic) reproduction of streptococci, fungi, staphylococci and Escherichia coli.

The most common cause of infection in the genital tract is a decrease in protective functions organism, simply speaking human immunity. In addition, the following reasons also affect the likelihood of the formation of inflammatory processes:

hypothermia;
urolithiasis disease;
injuries in the urinary tract;
unbalanced diet;
inflammatory processes occurring in chronic forms;
frequent urinary retention;
unsanitary conditions during medical manipulations(taking a smear, setting a catheter).

Urethritis

Inflammation in the urethra is called urethritis. The disease can have several types:

Spicy. It occurs as a result of ingestion of pathogens such as Trichomonas and gonococcus. AT rare cases cause acute urethritis can be called an injury or a chemical irritant that has entered the urethra.
Chronic. Also formed as a result of penetration pathogenic microorganisms(gonococcus or Trichomonas), can sometimes occur after suffering birth trauma or if the urethra is damaged during intercourse.
Granular. The most common type of urethritis. It is formed as a result of inflammatory processes occurring in the genital organs.
Senile. Most often, they suffer from menopausal women. Causes of urethritis are hormonal changes occurring in a woman's body.
Premenstrual. Occurs before the onset of menstruation and is caused by jump hormones in the body.
Allergic. May bother a person who is prone to allergic reactions to some medicines or food products.

polyps

are considered benign education developing on the mucous membrane of the urethra. May occur when hormonal imbalance, chronic infectious inflammations, bowel diseases:

Cancer of the urethra

A rare disease of the urethra, it mainly affects the female part of the population. It is formed in any part of the urethra, but most often cancer affects the external outlet of the urethra, located near the vulva.

Rupture of the urethra

It is observed mainly in men. Occurs due to injury to the penis (fracture, bruise). The rupture of the urethra can be complete or partial. At complete break urine cannot leave the male body on its own, as a result of which serious complications.

Signs of disease

depending on the pathogen and incubation period disease, the first signs may appear after a few days or months. The patient feels pain during urination, strong cramps, itching. Soreness can spread not only to the lower abdomen and pubis, but also to the back or lower back.

Typical symptoms of inflammation of the urethra are:

The infectious process eventually spreads to the entire mucous membrane of the canal and over time can move to other organs. The symptoms will only get worse. If inflammation is not fought, there is a risk of serious health complications: for men, it is inflammation of the testicles or prostate gland, for women, etc. Untreated inflammatory processes can cause infertility in both women and men.

Treatment

For successful treatment inflammatory process in the urethra, it is necessary to accurately establish the cause that provoked the disease:

The course of antibiotic therapy can take about a week.
In addition to antibiotics, the patient may need painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, uroantiseptics.
It is recommended to take vitamin and mineral complexes and immunomodulators.
If a polyp is found in the urethra, treatment can only be surgical.
If condylomas are the cause of the pathology of the urethra, cryotherapy is used and further healthy lifestyle life.
Cancers in the urethra are treated with radiation and surgical operations. With an incomplete rupture of the urethra, it is sometimes enough to take a course of antibiotic therapy, and certain time observe bed rest.
A complete rupture may require catheterization to remove urine, as well as surgery.

In order to avoid inflammatory processes in the urethra, you need to follow simple rules:

Since most diseases of the urethra occur due to promiscuity, you need to have a permanent partner who does not have health problems. Otherwise, protection methods such as a condom must be used.
It is important to monitor the personal hygiene of the genitals. After intercourse, you need to urinate, as urine helps flush out bacteria from the urethra.
A person should also take care of his health: do not get cold, empty the full bladder in time, eat right, drink plenty of water and herbal teas.

When carrying out any medical manipulations in the urethra (scraping, smear, catheterization), you must observe sanitary norms. Therefore, it is important to trust only experienced specialist, otherwise you can get injury to the urethra. In addition, it is necessary to promptly identify and treat various diseases, which can form inflammatory processes in the urethra.