Mechanical damage to the hood over the wisdom tooth. Reasons for the appearance of a hood on a wisdom tooth

Rarely does a wisdom tooth appear and grow without problems. Many of us state that the third molar comes out for a long time, it is very painful and often with complications.

One of the most diagnosed complications is pericoronitis. This is an inflammation that develops in the soft tissues that cover the figure eight (otherwise under the hood).

General view

The hood over the wisdom tooth is a formation formed from the gum mucous tissues located above the erupting unit. They form a dense, but not hermetic cover.

Under the formation, small food fragments easily fall, which cannot be removed from there with a toothbrush on their own. It creates a favorable environment for microorganisms, the activity of which subsequently leads to an infectious process in this area.

Usually, pericoronitis develops in the lower jaw, and mainly in adolescents and young people during the eruption of their third molar, and in isolated cases in older people.

The first and main reason for the development of the process- reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the tissues of the problematic fragment. The second factor is a strong mechanical injury to the gums.

When a wisdom tooth appears, the gum tissues become heterogeneous and loose, which makes them easy to damage (this can happen even when chewing hard foods).

Complications and symptoms

During the first few days, the onset of inflammation is asymptomatic. Over time, the following symptoms of the disease appear:

• swelling of the gums;
• unpleasant putrid odor;
• soreness in the area of ​​​​the erupting figure eight.

If treatment was not started at the initial stage of the disease, the list of symptoms expands, and their manifestations intensify:

• puffiness increases, and now it passes to the face;
• pain develops when trying to open the mouth, when chewing, swallowing food and talking;
• jaw mobility deteriorates;
• the temperature rises sharply to high values;
• submandibular lymph nodes become inflamed;
• purulent exudate appears, which begins to flow out even with slight pressure on the hood.

Against the background of these symptoms, malaise, general weakness and headache are observed.

Important! You should not reach the state when more severe symptoms of the disease begin to appear. This is very dangerous for general health. Seek medical attention at the first sign of pericoronitis.

Indications for excision

There are frequent situations when the inflammation of the hood is so strong that a light touch on it or a movement of the jaw causes unbearable pain.

Considering the consequences and extent of the spread of the disease, specialists excise the hood if:

• unpleasant putrid odor, which developed due to the formation of a purulent mass under the tissue cover;
• acute gingivitis in which constant severe pain does not allow you to lead a habitual lifestyle, eat, can push you to migraines and backache in the ears;
• swelling that has spread to the cheeks and gums when a person cannot open his mouth normally;
• pain when chewing and swallowing food;
• swollen lymph nodes due to the penetration of pyogenic microbes into them;
• heat against the backdrop of a general morbid condition.

Hood removal in dentistry is a classic way to treat pericoronitis, since drug therapy in most cases stops the disease only temporarily or does not give any result.

Antibiotics only stop the inflammation for a while, and as soon as their use ends, it continues. This is due to the fact that food remains constantly fall under the tissue cover, and there is a continuous development of pathogenic microflora.

Antibiotics stop their development only for the period of treatment, but the problem recurs as soon as the drugs stop working.

Important! If the operation is not carried out in a timely manner, then subsequently it will be necessary to treat not only inflammation of the gum tissues, but also the complications that the disease led to.

Preparation

Since the procedure for removing the hood over the wisdom tooth is a surgical intervention, the patient undergoes standard preparation before the procedure.

It consists of several mandatory examinations that allow assessing the general condition of a person, developing a plan for future treatment, and choosing the type of anesthesia.

The preparation includes a number of activities.

Collection of anamnesis

The analysis of general medical information about the pathologies that a person has at the time of his visit to the doctor is carried out, the causal factor in the manifestation of inflammation of the gum tissue is found out.

Complete examination of the patient

It is carried out in order to prevent the development of unforeseen complications both during the operation and after its completion.

The patient is invited to take tests standard for all surgical interventions:

• general urine analysis;
• clinical and general blood tests;
• examination for the presence of viral forms of hepatitis;
• analysis for syphilis and HIV infection.

At this stage, the body's response to drugs is also determined. to be used during the operation. If an allergy is found to at least one of them, there is a replacement for another, non-allergenic one.

Examination of the dental apparatus

Computed tomography and radiography are prescribed. Both examinations give a projection of the inflamed area in three planes.

According to the picture, it is convenient for a specialist to examine and study the condition of the jawbone, the correct growth of the third molar, the number of roots and the features of their structure.

The presence of images helps the doctor decide on further actions, accurately calculate the time, sequence and volume of the upcoming operation, and prepare the necessary tools.

If it is seen that the third molar is growing correctly, a decision is always made to preserve it, and then only the tissues inflamed above it are removed.

Oral preparation

If the inflammation has an acute course, specialists always decide to remove this process. To do this, the patient is assigned to rinse the mouth with antiseptic solutions and apply compresses with a disinfectant composition.

At the same time, therapeutic measures are taken to improve the condition of the mouth and prevent the development of postoperative complications, i.e. performed:

• professional dental cleaning;
• anti-inflammatory therapy;
• treatment of caries and other dental diseases.

For the entire period, while the preparatory stage for excision is underway, the patient is prescribed painkillers or tooth drops that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Only after all these events have been carried out, the date of the operation is set.

Course of action

Removal of the tissue cover over the third molar is a simple manipulation performed on an outpatient basis. The operation takes place in the following sequence:

1. The introduction of an anesthetic. If there is no allergy, local anesthesia is put.

   In special cases, when we mean individual intolerance to a certain group of drugs and pregnancy, manipulation can be performed without anesthesia.

   After the introduction of an anesthetic drug (after 10-15 minutes), sensitivity is lost, and excision can be started.

2. Removing the hood. The specialist outlines the site for removal, and using a scalpel (laser), excises the fragment so that the crown part of the tooth is completely open.
3. Treatment with an antiseptic with the addition of hemostatic drugs. The doctor thoroughly rinses the wound area, washing away pus, food debris, and blood.
4. Applying a compress with antiseptic agents (ointments). But the imposition is carried out only after the bleeding stops.

Upon completion of the operation, the doctor appoints a date for a second visit, and based on the severity of the condition, medications are prescribed, which the patient must take during the entire recovery period.

Important! Antibiotics are prescribed by the dentist in accordance with the individual indications of the patient.

See in the video how the laser excision procedure is performed.

Recovery period

Despite the fact that the excision of the hood is considered a simple operation, the recovery of the patient, the healing of the wound site, takes some time.

How long the pain and discomfort will last, how long the tissues will heal, depends on the individual characteristics of the human body and the severity of the implementation of medical recommendations.

Throughout this period, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

1. For the first few hours after the operation, you can not eat or drink anything.
2. All food taken in the future should be at room temperature, soft. Hard and hard foods should be avoided.
3. For the first few days, try not to chew on the operated side.
4. Gently brush your teeth, trying to bypass the wound area, do not rinse your mouth intensively.
5. Exclude heavy physical activity, visits to baths, saunas.

As a rule, for the entire postoperative period are appointed:

1. Taking analgesics. To relieve pain, Ketanov, Ibuprofen or Ketorol tablets are usually prescribed (no more than 4 pieces per day).
2. Rinsing with antiseptics Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, Furacilin, oral baths prepared on the basis of infusions of medicinal herbs (usually chamomile, sage or calendula), or compresses with Holisal gel.
3. Taking anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics). They are prescribed in extreme cases, when the body cannot cope with the consequences of inflammation on its own.

Important! Usually, with strict observance of all medical prescriptions, it takes about 7-10 days to recover.

The need for extraction of the eight

In some cases, cutting the hood over the figure eight is not enough. Such manipulation will not work if:

1. Not enough space on the jaw arch so that the third molar can erupt without any complications. The unit is removed if its growth goes in the wrong direction.
2. There are no units adjacent to the wisdom tooth. Then there is no sense in preserving it, and it is better to remove it before it begins to give the person some difficulties.

It is noted that the hood is formed only over elements that have not yet erupted. Their extraction in dentistry is considered a complex operation, since there is no approach for extracting a tooth with conventional instruments.

The dentist has to dissect the problem tooth into parts with a drill. Only then can the unit be carefully removed from the hole.

The operation for simultaneous excision of the hood and extraction of the third molar entails some additional difficulties for the doctor and the patient.

The procedure time increases significantly, there is a risk of accidental damage to the tongue. In the person himself, the simultaneous carrying out of two manipulations causes panic fear and stress.

Usually, such an operation is preceded by general anesthesia, thanks to which the patient does not notice all the actions of the doctor and tolerates the procedure easily, and the specialist calmly performs the manipulation, avoiding unpleasant embarrassments.

Important! The procedure lasts about an hour. It is effective and completely safe for the patient, even despite the fact that general anesthesia is placed.

Price

The cost of the operation to excise the hood consists of the price for anesthesia, additional examinations and the procedure itself, concomitant medications.

The approximate average cost is 2-3 thousand rubles. (it all depends on the status of the clinic, its location).

If the removal of the hood and the third molar is carried out simultaneously, the cost rises and reaches 4 thousand rubles, and in some clinics up to 7 thousand rubles.

Therapy at home

For some reason, people come to the dentist when there is unbearable pain and complications appear. The same is observed with pericoronitis.

People try to drown out the first signs of the disease with folk remedies. They really help relieve symptoms for a while, but do not fight the cause of the phenomenon itself.

If you still can’t get an appointment with a doctor, you can alleviate the condition by the following actions:

1. Rinse your mouth with a solution of soda and salt every 2 hours (1 teaspoon of salt and soda in a glass of warm water).
2. Lubricate the inflamed area with iodine. But here it is important to do everything very carefully so as not to burn the mucous membrane.
3. Rinse the mouth with an infusion of medicinal herbs - chamomile, oak bark, calendula, sage (1 teaspoon of each plant, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain and use as directed at least 4 times a day).

If the pain intensifies, the temperature rises, general malaise appears, home therapy should be abandoned and medical attention should be sought immediately.

The inflammatory process develops very quickly. Only a doctor can correctly assess the condition and prescribe the appropriate treatment. That is why self-medication with medications is also unacceptable. Improper use of them can lead to aggravation of the disease.

Important! It is impossible to delay visiting a doctor with a difficult eruption of a wisdom tooth, because this is fraught with the development of complications that are dangerous for general health.

Problems in case of refusal of treatment

Without treatment, it is impossible to stop the decay of food debris and inflammation. The acute form of the disease quickly becomes chronic, characterized by a sluggish course of suppuration and frequent exacerbations.

Inflammation in this form affects not only the tissues surrounding the third molar, but also neighboring ones, passes to the jaw bone tissue, chewing and facial muscles, leading to more serious pathologies:

• change in bone structure;
• the formation of phlegmon and abscess;
• jaw osteomyelitis.

The purulent exudate that has accumulated under the hood begins to flow out, causing an inflammatory process in the oral cavity. There is inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes, there is pain in the submandibular.

If the lymphatic system cannot fight the infection, patients in such cases are diagnosed with lymphadenitis.

Pericoronitis also provokes ulcerative stomatitis, actinomycosis. If the reproduction of microorganisms under the tissue cover is not stopped, they quickly enter the respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems, leading to all kinds of diseases.

If, at the same time as the inflammation of the hood, there are problems with the correct eruption and growth of the figure eight, these complications may include:

• complete or partial destruction of the roots of units adjacent to the third molar;
• change in bite;
• erosion and suppuration on the cheek;
• neuralgic change of the trigeminal nerve;
• jaw numbness;
• destruction of the jawbone;
• face shape distortion.

Important! These consequences require complex and lengthy inpatient treatment, and in almost all cases it will not be possible to avoid surgical intervention. Therefore, treatment should begin as early as possible, at the first symptoms of pathology.

The video presents the opinion of the dentist on the procedure for excision of the hood over the figure eight.

Scientists say that in the near future people will stop growing wisdom teeth. The forecast is optimistic, but for now we have to endure the painful eruption of the lower "eights". In 60-80% of cases, their crowns are "immured" under the overhanging edge of the gums, injure it and cause inflammation of the gingival hood. And only with the help of excision of the hood over the wisdom tooth, you can solve this problem and get rid of pain.

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes minutes. It is impossible to do without it, because pyogenic bacteria accumulate under the hood, provoking the inflammatory process. Without treatment, the gums become swollen and especially painful, an unpleasant putrefactive odor from the mouth appears, it becomes difficult to eat and talk.

Why delete

What is the hood over the "eight"? This is a mucous membrane that partially covers the crown. The hood does not fit tightly, and a space forms between it and the tooth. It is immediately rushed to fill with harmful bacteria.

Microbes multiply, their waste products cause inflammation of the hood. Over time, purulent processes join it. This pathology is called pericoronitis in dentistry.

Pericoronitis does not heal on its own. To get rid of the source of inflammation, the infected hood is removed. The tooth has an opportunity to erupt.

What will happen if you refuse surgical treatment? Nothing good!

Symptoms - and this is pain during jaw movements, swelling of the gums and cheeks, fever and bad breath - are intensified. Purulent processes spread to the bone tissue, causing its resorption. In the end it is impossible to open the mouth. In acute advanced cases, the infection enters the bloodstream and provokes sepsis - blood poisoning that threatens the health and life of a person.

Procedure steps

1. Anesthesia. The doctor makes local anesthesia - conduction or infiltration.
2. The hood is removed with a scalpel or surgical scissors. The crown is freed from the overhanging gums.
3. antiseptic treatment. The wound is thoroughly washed with Chlorhexidine or other antiseptic. Relieve pain and stop bleeding. The doctor applies Alvogel to the site of the surgical field and installs iodoform turunda.

Some time after the operation, patients are re-examined by a dentist to assess the rate of wound healing.

Complications and care after surgery

Care

• rinse your mouth with cool antiseptics: potassium permanganate solution, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, Stomatidine or Rivanol;
• apply cold to the operated area;
• take painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs: Nimesil, Nurofen, Sedalgin, Solpadein, Tempalgin, Ketanov, Baralgin.

In case of purulent processes, antimicrobial therapy is additionally prescribed and antibiotics are prescribed - Metronidazole in combination with Clindomycin, Lincomycin or drugs based on Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin.

Warm compresses and rinses are categorically unacceptable, because bacteria multiply in warmth and inflammation worsens!

It is important to maintain oral hygiene and use a toothbrush with toothpaste after every meal. The area of ​​operation must be carefully bypassed. If the pain is too strong, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with toothpaste diluted in water.

Possible Complications

With a properly performed excision and high-quality postoperative care, there are no complications. However, if bacteria enter the wound, inflammation continues to progress. A hood is again formed over the erupting crown, and it is recommended to remove the “eight”.

How long does it heal

Normally, after 3-4 days after the operation, the wound begins to heal and after a week and a half, the gum heals. If it doesn't, see your doctor.

Service cost

The procedure is relatively inexpensive. On average, the excision of the hood costs 1800 rubles.

If you are worried about the wisdom tooth, we also suggest reading about an alternative way to solve the problem - complex tooth extraction.

Wisdom teeth appear last in the dentition in adulthood, they are also called third molars or "eights". In the course of evolutionary development, they have lost their main functions and practically do not participate in the process of chewing food and are considered rudimentary organs.

It would seem that such a property should characterize these teeth as the least troublesome, but in practice it turns out that, on the contrary, they are the most problematic teeth in the mouth. What to do if the gum becomes inflamed near the wisdom tooth?

A typical situation that almost every patient has encountered is inflammation of the gums surrounding the wisdom tooth. The process is accompanied by tangible soreness and discomfort, so everyone, without exception, is interested in what to do in this case in order to quickly eliminate swelling and improve the condition.

The nature of wisdom teeth, in fact, is unique - they are not preceded by milk teeth, they are formed for a long time, therefore they erupt later than everyone else, they have a specific structure of roots.

Each person has the rudiments of future eights on each jaw, but this does not mean that they will all grow, because very often the eights remain impacted or are shown only partially.

In any case, the appearance is not instantaneous, but takes a decent period of time, causing inconvenience to a person. The combination of these features becomes the main reason for the development of complications of third molars.

Below we will consider the main situations in which inflammation of the gums occurs near the wisdom tooth.

Difficult eruption

Complications during germination are due to the following main factors:

• the presence of formed thickened bone tissue;
• a sufficiently large size of the molars injures soft tissues;
• there is not enough space for free growth;
• dystopic position - the wrong direction (at an angle, horizontally).

Dystopic teeth provoke not only inflammation of the wisdom tooth, but also have a negative effect on neighboring molars, damaging the enamel or roots, very often injure the inner surface of the cheek, and deform the bite.

pericoronitis

If the germination of eights takes too long, then the soft tissues begin to partially recede, forming a kind of gum hood over the tooth, which prevents eruption. The space under the gum hood becomes an excellent place for the accumulation of food residues, and, accordingly, the reproduction of pathogenic flora.

In dentistry, this phenomenon is called pericoronitis and it can have an acute, catarrhal, purulent or chronic form of the course. The condition is associated with significant soreness, against which the gums around the wisdom tooth become inflamed, and in advanced cases, the cheek may swell and pus may appear. Pericoronitis should be treated by a dentist when primary signs occur, otherwise the disease will lead to phlegmon, periostitis, abscess.

At the initial stage, you can get by with drug treatment, but often the doctor is forced to resort to dissection or complete excision of the inflamed gum tissue.

Carious lesions, infection, inflammation

Erupted wisdom teeth can often become inflamed due to inaccessibility, which prevents proper hygiene. Swelling and pain of the gums near the third molar is explained by the following dental conditions:

• the presence of carious lesions - this also applies to impacted ones, since they can be destroyed even when they are deep in the tissues;
• the development of pulpitis, periodontitis - the occurrence of pathologies is preceded by neglected caries, periodontal cyst;
• if an infection occurs inside the dental tissue, then the development of a purulent-inflammatory process and, as a result, a fistula, abscess, flux will be natural. The entire cheek may swell.

Having learned about the main causes that cause inflammation of the gums around the third molars, the conclusion suggests itself - in order to know how to properly and how to treat a tooth, you should definitely be examined by a dentist.

Associated symptoms

The symptoms of inflammation of the wisdom tooth cannot be confused with anything else. The appearance of pain and swelling are the primary signals of injury or infection in the tooth. These sensations should be remembered in order to accurately describe the nature and intensity of inflammation to the specialist.

By the severity of the ongoing pathological processes, it is possible to give a preliminary assessment of the condition and understand how advanced the disease is.

Larisa Kopylova

Dentist-therapist

The presence of slight swelling and mild inflammation in the causative site indicates a normal reaction of the body when the gums are damaged near the wisdom tooth. Against this background, pain is present, but they are minor or moderate.

When the pain intensifies, is of a long-term nature, and the swelling increases, that is, there is reason to suspect the course of a purulent-inflammatory process in the area of ​​​​the tooth root - this may be a cyst. The accumulated pus will look for a way out and soon a formed ball (pouch) will appear on the gum.

X-ray of an abnormally growing wisdom tooth.

A set of inflammation symptoms characteristic of problematic growth and development of wisdom teeth:

• the presence of a slight aching pain - appears with a gradual dissection of the gum tissue with a sharp tip of the tooth;
• severe pain resembling spasms indicate inflammation;
• the gum at the wisdom tooth becomes hot, which indicates the progression of the inflammatory process. Such a sign occurs against the background of pericoronitis, abscess, hematoma;
• when inflammation and swelling spreads to the cheek, and swallowing becomes difficult - this signals a pronounced abscess, which can result in a phlegmonous lesion;
• the appearance of a fetid odor from the oral cavity in tandem with soreness and inflammation of the wisdom tooth indicates alveolitis;
• a cyst or granuloma is manifested by a formed ball with pus on the gum.

If the first signs are ignored at the initial stages, then as the pathology progresses, the pain syndrome spreads to the ears, temples, and neck.

Larisa Kopylova

Dentist-therapist

The cheek may noticeably swell, the tongue becomes inflamed, pus accumulates on the gums, the body temperature rises - all this is dangerous to life and health, you should try not to bring the condition to such complications.

Ways to help yourself

As soon as the wisdom tooth begins to erupt, it is advisable to immediately take preventive measures so as not to experience severe torment. What to do if the gums around the wisdom tooth are inflamed?

It is important to emphasize that emergency home methods do not remove from the doctor's examination, but can only dull the symptoms. To prevent the development of complications, you should definitely see a dentist. An important condition is the exclusion of all heating of the wisdom tooth, so as not to provoke a purulent process.

Basic first aid rules that will help soothe the inflamed gums and alleviate the condition:

• take painkillers as directed. You can use Nimesil, Analgin, Tempalgin, Ketanov, Paracetamol;
• apply an anti-inflammatory gel or ointment with an analgesic effect to the causal area - Holisal, Kamistad, Kalgel, Metrogil Denta;
• perform antiseptic treatment of the mouth - prepare aqueous solutions for rinsing.
• Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, Furacilin are suitable for these purposes.

The listed methods can be used for no more than three days, even if there is relief, you still should not put off going to a specialist.

Larisa Kopylova

Dentist-therapist

When the gum is swollen near the wisdom tooth, it is worth visiting a doctor, as often the swelling acts as a sign of the eruption of the figure eight.

Qualified treatment

After conducting a visual examination of the oral cavity, having studied the x-ray, the doctor will identify the true cause of the inflammatory process and perform the appropriate actions:

• the appointment of drug therapy - antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antihistamines, gels and ointments for treating sore gums, antiseptic baths, rinses;
• surgical resolution of the situation is indicated for difficult eruption, pericoronitis, removal of the problematic figure eight. Depending on the circumstances, the doctor will cut the gum, excise or dissect the gum hood, remove the wisdom tooth;
• when the pains are intense, and the swelling of the tissues is pronounced, they alleviate the condition with the help of novocaine blockade;
• laser treatment has a good positive effect, in which infrared radiation acts on the affected area. But this method is considered as an auxiliary technique that consolidates the result.

If after reading the article you still have questions, watch the following video, in which the dentist clearly talks about the problem of gum disease over the eight:

If the visit to the dentist ended with surgery or the removal of the third molar, then for several days you should not bathe in hot water, eat irritating food, touch the operated hole with your tongue or other foreign objects.

About 40% of the world's population faces various problems associated with the eruption of wisdom teeth, and the most common pathology encountered in dental practice today is inflammation of the gum area above the erupting molars.

What are wisdom teeth

Wisdom teeth - "eights", the last teeth in a row, which are the third molars. They usually erupt between the ages of 20 and 30, but may remain impacted or erupt partially, and in rare cases be completely absent, which is taken as a variant of the norm in dentistry. Due to the lack of space in the oral cavity, they can erupt incorrectly, displace the dentition, leading to their crowding and the development of an inflammatory process of the soft tissues located above the tooth surface.

Inflamed hood over wisdom tooth

Inflammation of the gums near the wisdom tooth

Inflammation of the gums over an erupting molar is called pericoronitis and is a common dental pathology. The development of the inflammatory process is preceded by mechanical damage to the gum tissue, poor oral hygiene, accumulation of plaque between the gum hood and the dental crown, and a decrease in general and local immunity. The causes of the pathology are usually the normal microflora of the mouth (staphylococci, streptococci).

Signs and symptoms of pericoronitis

• detection of redness and swelling of the gums during a dental examination;
• with a pronounced pathological process, swelling of the soft tissues of the cheek is observed;
• aching pain, aggravated by eating, brushing teeth, pressing;
• the presence of a purulent detachable tooth from under the hood;
• bad breath;
• difficulty in swallowing food and opening the mouth associated with swelling and pain;
• increase in general weakness;
• increase in body temperature;
• possible increase in regional (parotid and submandibular) lymph nodes;
• pain radiates to the ear area, to the temple on the side of the lesion;

If you experience symptoms of gum inflammation over a growing wisdom tooth, you should visit a dental clinic and get expert advice to determine treatment tactics.

Hood over wisdom teeth

A hood is a section of soft tissues of the gums hanging over the dental crown of a partially erupted tooth. It is formed as a result of its growth in the wrong direction and the eruption of only one part of it. The hood has a tendency to fester due to the accumulation of plaque, microorganisms and food particles under it and damage to the gum structures by the growing tooth.

The hood has a tendency to fester

How to relieve inflammation

Use of local antiseptics

To prevent the development of complications and relieve symptoms of the inflammatory process, it is necessary to rinse the oral cavity with antiseptic solutions. Such therapy will reduce the bacterial load, contribute to the mechanical washing out of purulent secretions and food particles from damaged tissues, and prevent infection of adjacent structures of the oral cavity.

• Rinsing is carried out 5-6 times a day after meals.
• Within half an hour after the procedure, in order to develop the proper therapeutic effect, it is necessary to stop drinking, eating, smoking.
• The time allotted for one rinsing procedure should be from 2 to 5 minutes.
• Treatment with local antiseptics is carried out until the inflammatory process disappears completely and averages 5-7 days.
• Rinsing must be carried out in a gentle mode, avoiding excessive mechanical action of the liquid and washed particles on the inflamed mucous membranes.

Applied solutions:

• Miramistin;
• Chlorhexidine;
• Furacilin;

Furacilin

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Thanks to the use of drugs of the NSAID group, two therapeutic effects are achieved at once: a decrease in the symptoms of inflammation and a decrease in the severity of pain. Tablets must be used according to the instructions, but the duration of treatment should not exceed 5-7 days due to the risk of complications from the gastrointestinal tract (NSAID-associated gastropathy).

• ibuprofen;
• Baralgin;
• Ketorolac;
• Diclofenac;

Antibiotic therapy

It is used against the background of the use of local antiseptics in severe cases of the disease and the development of complications (abscesses, phlegmon, osteomyelitis). For treatment, broad-spectrum antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone) are used in standard therapeutic dosages.

Surgical removal of the hood

It consists in excision of a portion of soft tissues hanging over the tooth surface. Often the procedure is combined with the simultaneous removal of a wisdom tooth.

Indications for surgical excision of part of the gum

• often recurrent pericoronitis;
• acute swelling and inflammation of the gums (gingivitis);
• severe difficulty in speaking, eating and opening the mouth due to swelling of the adjacent tissues;
• a significant increase in body temperature;
• severe course of the disease;
• ineffectiveness of drug therapy;
• involvement in inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• development of complications (abscess, phlegmon, osteomyelitis);

Excision of the gums over the wisdom tooth

Operation steps

• Sanitation of the oral cavity and treatment with antiseptic solutions.
• Local anesthesia with fast-acting painkillers (lidocaine) by chipping the surgical area. Anesthesia by application method is also possible.
• Determination of the incision line and excision of the area of ​​soft tissues of the gums hanging over the tooth crown with a scalpel, surgical scissors or laser, cleaning the surface of the enamel from purulent plaque.
• Re-treatment of the wound with dental antiseptics.
• Procedures to stop bleeding (applying sterile cotton-gauze swabs, a hemostatic sponge, suturing the mucous membrane if necessary).
• Imposing on the area of ​​intervention turunda with 5% iodoform or Alvozhel.
• Explanation of the need and ways to care for the oral cavity, the appointment of a second dental examination in a few days.
• The procedure is painless, well tolerated by patients and takes an average of 10 minutes.

Terms of healing of the gums after removal of the hood

With proper care of the oral cavity in the postoperative period and following all the recommendations of the dentist, the gum will heal for 5-7 days. During the first 2-3 days, the patient may have pain in damaged tissues, but these sensations are significantly reduced, swelling and redness of the gums subside, and general well-being improves.

If the wisdom tooth continues to grow, the gingival hood may re-form. In this case, the dentist decides on the removal of an incorrectly erupting molar.

Gum treatment after surgery

• Compliance with a sparing diet in the first few days: the exclusion of hot, spicy, richly salted food.
• Sufficient oral hygiene (teeth brushing, use of rinses, irrigator).
• Exclusion of traumatization of the gums during cleaning;
• The use of local antiseptics to prevent infection of the wound and accelerate the healing process. It is carried out within 3-5 days after surgical manipulation. Rinsing the mouth is carried out after meals 3-5 times a day in a sparing mode. Such drugs as Miramistin, Furacilin, Chlorhexidine are suitable as a therapeutic solution, a decoction of chamomile and sage has a good disinfecting effect. It is allowed to use antiseptics in the form of gels and ointments: Kamistad, Kalgel. Medicines must be applied to the gums 3-4 times a day. Gel forms of antiseptics, in addition to bactericidal, also have an analgesic effect.
• Supportive antibiotic therapy in a short course. To prevent the occurrence of re-infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used in standard doses (Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav), the duration of treatment is 2-3 days.
• Painkillers if necessary: ​​tablet forms of the NSAID group (Analgin, Ketorolac), gels for topical application (Kalgel, Mundizal).
• Restorative treatment: taking multivitamin preparations (Vitrum, Centrum, Aevit).

Pericoronitis is a serious dental pathology, which, if adequate treatment is not started on time, can lead to complications, while at the same time it is not difficult in the early stages of development. If symptoms of the disease occur, it is necessary not to self-medicate, but to seek help from a specialist.

What does it mean when they say that the hood on the wisdom tooth is inflamed? Let's figure it out.

Wisdom teeth are popularly called chewing teeth (large molars), located on the edge. They appear, as a rule, at the age of 16-36 years. In total, a person can have four wisdom teeth, however, dental practice is faced with situations where only 1 or 2 extreme molars erupt. At the same time, the rest continue to grow under the gum, being under a strong slope or in a supine position. In some cases, the rudiments of eights in patients are completely absent. When wisdom teeth do not erupt before the age of 35, a person should undergo an X-ray examination in order to rule out possible anomalies.

Eruption is always a painful process, which is accompanied by inflammation of the hood of the wisdom tooth. This is due to the complex interweaving of the root system. With severe inflammation, accompanied by accumulation of exudative fluid, hyperemia, abscesses extending into the deep layers of soft tissues, the patient is diagnosed with pericoronitis. This pathological condition is typical for the process of eruption of eights, but this does not mean that therapy for such a condition is not required. The neglected form of pericoronitis is capable of turning into inflammation of the deep layers of the mucosa, which has a destructive form.

Possible causes of pericoronitis

Pericoronitis is a very painful process, so it is very important to determine the causes that cause severe inflammation during the eruption of the closing teeth. When an x-ray shows an anatomical misalignment of the tooth or the presence of intertwined roots, the doctor will refer the patient for a consultation with a dental surgeon, who determines whether the gum should be excised and the tooth extracted before it erupts.

The appearance of extreme molars may be accompanied by the development of complications associated with other causes. Knowledge of the factors contributing to the inflammation of the hood of the wisdom tooth will ensure timely prevention of this pathology.

thickening of the gums

In about a tenth of all patients, the tissues located at the site of wisdom tooth growth have thickened walls, which prevents tooth eruption. In this case, a person experiences severe pain, often accompanied by a rise in temperature, a headache, and a deterioration in general well-being. Some patients with thickened gum walls have hearing loss, pain in the ears and eye sockets. If teething does not occur for a long time, the lymph nodes located under the jaw begin to become inflamed.

For what other reasons does the hood on the wisdom tooth become inflamed?

Dense plaque of bacterial origin on the gums

If hygiene standards and oral care are neglected, the likelihood of developing pericoronitis in a patient increases several times. When a tooth erupts, the gums rise and then rupture. Microbes and bacteria located on it are able to penetrate into damaged areas and provoke severe inflammation.

A photo of the wisdom tooth hood is presented.

This form of pericoronitis is characterized by the appearance of the following symptoms:

1. Strongly swells and swells the gums in the area of ​​wisdom tooth eruption.
2. Any load on the site of the lesion causes the appearance of a pain syndrome of high intensity. Moreover, the pain affects not only the site of the molar, but the entire jaw.
3. The temperature rises to 38.5 degrees Celsius.

In the absence of timely therapeutic measures, the pathological process can transform into a purulent-infectious one, which is dangerous because blood infection can occur.

Types of Pericoronitis and Symptoms

Symptoms of inflammation of the wisdom tooth hood depend on its shape. Acute pericoronitis is characterized by severe pain and high intensity of the main symptoms, so the diagnosis of an acute course of difficulties usually does not cause. Typical symptoms of acute pericoronitis are:

1. The appearance of a sharp and unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, which intensifies after eating. At the same time, the use of hygiene products does not allow to eliminate it.
2. Hyperemia of the mucous membranes develops, the temperature rises locally in the area of ​​eruption.
3. There is an acute form of pain syndrome, which interferes with eating, talking, opening the mouth.
4. Pain radiates to the temple area, lower or upper jaw, ear.
5. Inflamed cervical or submandibular lymph nodes.
6. The body temperature rises.

If at this stage the patient does not seek help from a dentist and tries to cure the disease on his own, the process begins to take on a chronic form.

Chronic pericoronitis

Chronic pericoronitis develops, as a rule, if tooth eruption occurs for a long time, as well as in cases where the patient self-medicates an acute form of pericoronitis, stopping pain with analgesics and avoiding a visit to the dentist.

When the hood of the wisdom tooth is inflamed, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Unlike acute pericoronitis, chronic is not accompanied by intense pain - the patient can open his mouth almost painlessly, but the pain increases significantly when eating. Lymph nodes with chronic pericoronitis increase slightly, palpation does not cause pain. The exceptions are cases when the pathology flows into osteomyelitis of the jaw or periostitis.

Symptoms

The chronic process is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Pus is released from under the gum hood.
2. The load on adjacent teeth increases, resulting in increased mobility and fragility.
3. Abscesses and abscesses appear at the site of teething.

In the absence of adequate therapy, chronic pericoronitis contributes to the development of phlegmon - a purulent inflammation in an acute form that has no definite boundaries.

In addition, the inflammatory process is classified according to the form of its course:

1. Pericoronitis catarrhal. It is the initial stage in the development of the inflammatory process, the symptoms in this form of pathology are mild.
2. Purulent pericoronitis. It is the most dangerous form of pathology. Inflammation in this form of pericoronitis is accompanied by suppuration of the affected tissues.
3. Ulcerative pericoronitis. A distinctive feature of this form is the presence of an ulcerative necrotic process in the affected gum.
4. Pericoronitis is retromolar. With this form of pathology, the purulent focus is hidden, as a result of which the normal outflow of exudate is disturbed. Because of this, pus begins to accumulate in soft tissues, the inflammatory process penetrates deeper, affecting the periosteum and provoking the formation of an abscess.

When the hood over the wisdom tooth is inflamed, the treatment should be comprehensive.

Treatment of pericoronitis

Dentists consider the only adequate way in the acute or chronic form of surgical intervention. Only 2% of uncomplicated pathology can be treated with anti-inflammatory ointments, gels and other means. That is why experts do not recommend wasting time and effort trying to cure pathology at home.

Taking into account the anatomical localization of the tooth and the severity of the pathology, the doctor chooses one of two surgical methods of treatment - extraction of the figure eight and its root system or excision of the gum hood over the wisdom tooth. The first technique is used only in extreme cases, since surgical intervention can provoke various complications, and the recovery period takes up to six months. In some cases, the operation to extract the figure eight from the bone alveoli is carried out under general anesthesia in the maxillofacial surgical hospital, which significantly increases the load on the heart muscle and other important human organs.

Indications for wisdom tooth extraction

Wisdom tooth extraction is carried out only when there are strict indications:

1. The patient has a specific anatomical structure of the jaw (for example, the jaw arch is too narrow, and there is no room for a tooth to erupt in the dentition).
2. Pathological disorders in the formation of the rudiments of teeth in the embryonic period.
3. Abnormal location of the figure eight, its roots, incorrect tooth growth.
4. Lack of effect, relapse of the pathology after the hood was cut off on the wisdom tooth.
5. The formation of a new gingival hood (occurs quite rarely, only in 5% of cases).

Both surgical methods for excision of the hood of the wisdom tooth require careful preparation and effective anesthesia. Upon completion of the surgical intervention, the patient is assigned to comply with a special regimen that involves minimizing the load on the area that has been damaged. It is also recommended to use various medications aimed at preventing possible complications.

Medical treatment after surgery

After surgical removal of a wisdom tooth or excision of the gingival hood, a patient must be prescribed drug therapy. One of its components are antibacterial drugs. The most commonly used antibiotic drugs with a wide range of effects, which show their activity against most anaerobic and aerobic pathogens. The most effective drugs are:

1. "Hemomycin". The patient is prescribed a single use per day of one tablet, the duration of the course is about 5 days.
2. "Amoxicillin". Shown three times a day one tablet. Therapy takes up to 10 days.
3. "Zinnat". Assign twice the use of one tablet per day, therapy takes up to 10 days.
4. "Metronidazole". Double or triple intake of one tablet for 10 days.
5. "Tsiprolet". Two or three times a day one tablet for a week.
6. "Ciprofloxacin". Three times a day, one tablet. Therapy usually takes 10 days.

Inflammation of the hood of the wisdom tooth

The use of oral preparations should be combined with the use of topical agents. Quite often, dentists recommend rinsing and mouth baths using antiseptics such as Miramistin, Hexoral, Chlorhexidine. Sometimes prescribed the use of anti-inflammatory gels, which have soothing components, antibacterial substances and antiseptics. Some of them contain lidocaine, which helps to reduce the intensity of pain after the removal of the eight.

If the hood over the wisdom tooth is inflamed, taking into account the indications, the patient may be prescribed the following gel preparations with a local type of effect: Dentinox, Metrogil Denta, Asepta, Kamistad, Cholisal.

It is important to bear in mind that any medications after surgery can be used only on the recommendation of the dentist, and the combination of local drugs and oral medications is allowed only in some cases. With the uncontrolled use of drugs of the antibacterial group, oral dysbacteriosis may develop, which reduces the protective functions of the mucous membranes and increases the risk of complications.

Therapy of pericoronitis with folk methods

Pericoronitis is one of the few diseases of the oral cavity that cannot be cured by using folk recipes. Alternative treatment of this disease has a very low efficiency, it is for this reason that dentists recommend immediately contacting a medical institution, without waiting for the development of a purulent form of pericoronitis.

Inflammation of the hood over the wisdom tooth is one of the most dangerous and serious pathologies in dental practice. If untreated, pericoronitis can lead to serious consequences, among which the greatest danger is systemic blood poisoning. When the eruption of eights is accompanied by the appearance of primary signs of an inflammatory process, the patient should immediately contact the dental clinic. Prevention of the disease involves periodic visits to the dentist. This will make it possible to detect existing deviations at the earliest stages, predict the further course of the pathology, take measures to prevent the development of complications, and if necessary, start treatment immediately.

It is important to remember that only timely diagnosis and therapy will avoid undesirable consequences in case of inflammation of the wisdom tooth hood.