Alcohol poisoning coma chances of survival. Alcohol intoxication coma

Severe poisoning with ethyl alcohol, accompanied by a loss of the body's response to any external stimuli, is called an alcoholic coma. There is oppression respiratory centers, nervous system, impaired thermoregulation of the body, vomiting and other symptoms. The condition must be stabilized by providing first aid and then calling a doctor. The development of symptoms does not depend on whether a drunken alcoholic or a person who has drunk alcohol - it is enough to drink about 400 grams. vodka to get loading dose and fall into a coma.

Causes and consequences of alcohol coma

Alcoholic coma occurs when the concentration of alcohol in the blood is more than 3 g / l, if the value is exceeded to 5 g / l, a fatal outcome is likely. This has the effect of:

1. On the brain. Neurotoxic effects are characterized by a decrease in excitation and a transition to a state of inhibition. respiratory system, autonomic nervous system, thermoregulation of the body.
2. Convulsions, weakness, swelling, decrease in blood volume and decrease in blood pressure, pain syndromes in the region of the heart, chest, abdomen - this is hypovolemia caused by ethyl alcohol. The next stage is loss of consciousness, when the patient can no longer independently control his body.
3. Blood sugar drops incredibly, as it takes a lot of energy to break down ethyl, and the easiest way for the body to “take” raw materials from blood sugar. Such a decrease in the level causes a coma, and the phenomenon is observed not only in those who drink vodka, but also in beer, wine, and others. low alcohol drinks. Hypoglycemia is a frequent companion of the cold, which is why the alcoholism of teenagers drinking beer in the cold is so terrible. By starting to increase insulin activity, ethanol lowers blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of coma by at least 15%.

Coma stages

A coma can overtake a patient with a blood alcohol concentration ranging from 3 ppm. Alcoholic coma has several degrees of development:

1. The first stage is characterized by such signs as:

• Constriction of the pupils;
• Violation of facial expressions, convulsions of facial muscles.

But at the same time, all the body's reactions to irritation with ammonia are preserved. To prevent deterioration, the patient needs to wash the stomach, give a drink and monitor the reaction of the body. A mild alcoholic coma resolves in about 6-7 hours. Absorbed into the blood, ethanol begins its destructive action, so calling the doctor would come in handy.

Important! The first stage is characterized by the concentration of alcohol in the blood up to 5 ppm. An improvement in the patient's condition occurs when the level drops by 3.5-4 ppm, sometimes first aid is enough to bring the patient out of the state of the disease without additional treatment.

1. Signs of an alcoholic coma of the 2nd degree are:

• Muscle relaxation to the point that a person is like a "bag of flour";
• Lack of reaction to ammonia;
• Gastric lavage does not improve.

The condition is possible with a concentration of alcohol in the blood in the amount of 6.5 ppm. The coma lasts approximately 10-12 hours, but at the same time there is a gradual breakdown of alcohol, as a result of which an improvement in the condition is possible.

1. To distinguish the third stage of coma, which is called deep, it is enough to pay attention to the following signs:

• Absence of all muscle reflexes, relaxation of the sphincter, bladder;
• Lack of pain, tactile reactions, as well as reactions to ammonia, light;
• Pupil constriction;
• Respiratory failure;
• Convulsive syndromes of the whole body.

Important! If symptoms of an alcoholic coma of the second degree are visible, then the disease is not always amenable to self-treatment. Will only help emergency hospitalization. The third stage requires the intervention of a toxicologist, professional equipment and special knowledge.

First aid for a coma

In any case, you need to call an ambulance! But in parallel with this, conduct auxiliary actions:

1. Put on the stomach, slightly turning to one side, so that the patient does not suffocate when the vomit comes out.
2. Provide constant warmth, as the patient will be cold due to impaired thermoregulatory function.
3. Give ammonia a sniff, offer a drink (if the patient can drink): weakly brewed tea, milk, sweet non-carbonated water.
4. Constantly check the accumulation of vomit, if necessary, clean the mouth and throat with a finger wrapped in a cloth.
5. To prevent mucus from accumulating in the nasal passages, use a syringe.
6. Make sure that the tongue does not sink, for which push the lower jaw forward. The easiest way to do this is to press on the lower corner of the jaw and chin with your fingers, and then slightly pull the jaw towards you.
7. Move away objects that the patient can hit if he falls into a convulsive state.

Important! If laryngospasm is observed and the patient cannot breathe, then a tracheotomy is needed. It is impossible for a non-specialist to perform the operation, therefore, the more thoroughly the oral and nasal passages are cleaned from vomiting, saliva, the less the risk of the patient suffocating.

In the case when a severe alcoholic coma occurs, all auxiliary processes come down to making a person breathe: artificial respiration, heart massage (indirect), monitoring his condition and the obligatory urgent call of a doctor.

Treatment and consequences

Healing from disease means cleansing the body of ethyl alcohol. This is done by washing, dripping vitamins, nutrient fluids. To restore ventilation of the lungs, an injection of atropine is given, an oxygen mask is applied. In addition, drugs are prescribed: glucose, a group of vitamins B, drugs to restore the functionality of the heart muscle, vascular tone.

The recovery process lasts from 6 to 12 hours. The prognosis depends on the complexity of the coma stage, while it is not a fact that the consequences will be reversible: disruption of the liver, brain and other organs is not always amenable to complete cure.

The most terrible consequences of the third degree of alcoholic coma, which are expressed in the defeat of the striated muscles. Squeezing leads to the destruction of muscle tissue, so the patient begins to suffer kidney failure, anemia, uremia. After coming out of the coma, the patient experiences unbearable pain in affected muscles, transferred by weight own body. At the same time, one should not forget about changes in the nervous system, the brain - these consequences are the most terrible. A return to the previous life is no longer possible, brain functions are not restored, and the personality, one way or another, degrades.

Alcoholic coma is pathological condition which develops against the background of alcoholism. Treatment alcohol addiction is a very difficult and long journey. Half of patients who are dependent on alcohol-containing liquids die from complications caused by overuse. And the other half leaves the world due to accidents.

For healthy person a dose of alcohol in a volume of 300-500 ml is considered toxic, and if you drink 1600 ml, then signs of severe poisoning will begin to appear ( pain in the abdomen, vomiting and fainting). A dose of more than 1800 ml leads to the development of coma (cyanosis of the skin, noise during breathing, a decrease in body temperature).

But unfortunately, the state of alcoholic coma occurs not only in alcoholics, but also in light-drinking people. A person can drink a small amount of alcohol during a feast and plunge into a coma. Below, in more detail, what causes given state, its main symptoms, first aid and treatment.

Reasons for the development of alcoholic coma

Ethyl alcohol, when it enters the human body, causes general intoxication. A lot of people think that drinking a little alcohol can improve mood and improve well-being, but in reality this is not the case. These sensations can manifest themselves at the first stage of the effect of ethanol on human organs and systems.

At the second stage of the influence of alcohol on the body, sleep disturbances and indifference to other people are noted. The third stage is characterized by inhibition of the main functions of the brain, which are responsible for the vital activity of the human body.

The brain is very affected by alcoholic beverages

The state of alcoholic coma develops if the amount of ethyl alcohol in circulatory system exceeds the threshold of 3%, after which severe alcohol intoxication occurs. There are cases when even small doses of alcohol (200-500 ml) contributed to a person's immersion in a coma, and for a very long time. a short time. Ethyl alcohol has the ability to be rapidly absorbed through the mucous membranes.

Five parts of the total amount of alcohol consumed is distributed in bloodstream and the remains are absorbed in the intestines.

Factors that affect the rate of onset coma:

• the amount of alcohol consumed;
• empty stomach;
• percentage ethyl alcohol in a drink.

Small doses of alcohol-containing liquids can be rapidly excreted from biological fluids(sweat, urine), as well as in the process of breathing, but large volumes of alcohol accumulate in the body. This also applies to the concentration of ethanol, the more its content in the drink, respectively, and in the bloodstream its percentage increases.

It is believed that when the indicator exceeds 0.7 ppm (‰), a state of oblivion will also develop. 0.7 ‰ corresponds to 500 ml of pure 96% ethyl alcohol, which a person with a standard physique drank in a few hours. With the content of alcoholic products in the hematopoietic system at the rate of 6–8 g per liter of blood, death occurs.

Each organism is a separate individual system, and not the fact that he will react exactly as described above. These indicators are average and often encountered, and therefore they are taken as a basis. Some may go into a coma the lowest standards, and for someone they can be significantly overestimated.

Symptoms of an impending coma

Severe consequences can be prevented by recognizing the first symptoms of an alcoholic coma. Thanks to this knowledge, you can even avoid hospitalization. Potential casualties should be monitored very carefully. When drinking another dose of alcohol, a person becomes disoriented.

He cannot understand where he is, how to get to this or that place, dizziness joins. The skin on the face becomes pale, the pupils constrict, there is a feeling of general weakness and fatigue, slight muscle contractions are possible, and sometimes convulsions. These signs make it possible to suspect the development of an alcoholic coma.

Constriction of the pupil is one of the signs of an impending coma.

Subject to certain measures, a coma can be avoided, the main rule is the speed of the reaction. The victim needs to empty the stomach very quickly, causing vomiting, then he should try to drink 6 pieces charcoal tablets and should be placed on its side. If you follow these rules, then alcohol coma can be avoided.

A person will sleep well, clarity of thinking will return to him, but in the morning he will be tormented by a terrible hangover. In addition, it joins headache, as well as possible indigestion, nausea, sometimes turning into vomiting. If there are no problems with the respiratory and of cardio-vascular system, then you can refuse treatment in a hospital.

The patient should be surrounded by complete rest, there should be no sharp sounds and bright light, since these factors contribute to the recurrence of headaches and irritability. You should drink plenty of fluids so that alcoholic products leave the body faster and there is no dehydration. If you have a headache, you can take painkillers.

Stages of alcoholic coma

In a coma, a person is unconscious, and does not show any signs of life, when trying to bring him back to reality by inhaling ammonia fumes, loud sounds or light blows to the face. Alcoholic coma develops in several stages. At each stage, the coma will different symptoms which will help determine how affected the human body is. There are three stages of coma.

First stage

The first stage of a coma is loss of consciousness. The victim's arms and legs may make erratic, uncontrolled movements. Possible reduction smooth muscle(stomach, bladder, intestines), and as a result spontaneous urination and vomiting. The skin on the face becomes bluish or reddish.

The pupils are constricted, but the light reaction is present. A large amount of salivary fluid is released from the oral cavity, and because of this, breathing becomes frequent, and with wheezing. There is tachycardia, blood pressure is within normal limits or slightly elevated.

Lack of consciousness is a reason to call an ambulance

Second stage

The second (middle) stage of a coma is characterized by a decrease in the excitability of the patient, the entire muscular system relaxes. Blood pressure drops, bradycardia develops. The pupils of the victim do not react to the light source. Breathing becomes shallow and slows down. Spontaneous separation of urine and feces often occurs.

Third stage

The third (deep) stage of the coma has the following symptoms: the patient's breathing becomes very rare, the rhythm is disturbed, the pause between inhalation and exhalation increases. Oxygen starvation begins and as a result of this, the skin becomes cyanotic, and at the same time pale. To the touch, you can feel the release of sticky sweat. It is formed as a result of a violation of cardiac activity, the pulse is practically not palpable, blood pressure drops sharply.

The redistribution of blood in the body leads to poor blood supply to the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney failure. Urine acquires a dark red color, with impurities of blood. The result of death at this stage is acute respiratory or cardiac failure.

Providing first aid to the injured

If the person is unconscious and does not respond to loud sounds or patting on the cheeks is a sign that an ambulance must be urgently called. In most cases, a person who is at the first stage of oblivion, after a certain time, comes to his senses on his own. But don't risk your health.

Timely first aid can save a person's life.

If 6 hours have passed, and no visible changes have occurred in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, then the second stage of the coma has begun, and one cannot do without the help of medical personnel. This condition is close to fatal, therefore, independently provide medical care impossible. There is a set of measures that must be done before the arrival of the ambulance team and which will save the life of the patient.

Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to provide the first first aid, it consists of several stages:

1. The victim must be placed on the left side. It is necessary to fix it in a stable position, for this it is necessary left hand pull forward and right leg bend at the knee.
2. In the presence of vomit, it is necessary to clean the oral cavity from them. Forefinger should be wrapped with a small piece of fabric and released Airways.
3. If vomit with mucus impurities got into the nasal passages, then they are cleansed medical staff. For these purposes, they use suction; at home, you can use a small syringe.
4. Perhaps retraction of the tongue, followed by respiratory arrest. To avoid this situation, the patient's head should be tilted back, and the lower jaw should be pushed forward as much as possible ( thumbs need to press on the corners mandible, and at the same time press on the chin with the index finger).
5. In the presence of convulsions, the victim should be held very tightly in order to avoid injury from surrounding objects.

Complications on the background of alcoholic coma

If you start timely treatment, and follow the doctor's recommendations, the patient will come out of a coma in the next 4 hours. Despite prompt first aid and fast work doctors, the consequences of an alcoholic coma are inevitable. Distinguish between non-fatal and fatal complications. Non-fatal include: headache, bruises, moderate injuries, memory problems.

The death of brain cells leads to serious memory problems

Serious consequences of a coma include:

• development inflammatory process in lung tissues, due to aspiration;
• death of cellular structures of the brain;
• acute renal failure (ARF).

The inflammatory process develops due to the aggressive effect of gastric juice on nearby tissues, including the lung. It is possible to attach an infectious agent, which significantly worsens the situation. The cellular structures of the brain are very sensitive to large doses of alcohol, which significantly affects cognitive functions (memory, thinking, attention, speed).

With prolonged squeezing of muscle tissue, under total weight human body develops AKI. As a result of this, in renal tubules myoglobin enters, which clogs them. Because of this, a person who is in a coma must sometimes be moved, to change the position of his body.

Recovery period

If the victim was in a coma for no more than 6 hours, then the chance of restoring basic vital functions is very high. But in this case, in the future, a person must adhere to the principle "No to alcohol." Alcoholic coma lasting more than 12 hours has a poor prognosis. During the recovery period, medical personnel and relatives of the patient should focus on the resumption of the functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

The attending physician prescribes special complex, which includes: vitamin and mineral preparations, means for restoring water and electrolyte balance, hepatoprotectors, drugs to improve cerebral circulation. It is impossible to recover from the consequences of a coma on your own. This will require highly qualified medical care.

Treatment of alcoholic coma is a very long and laborious process.

Method of treatment of patients in a coma

According to ICD 10, alcoholic coma is assigned code T 51, and it is also singled out as a separate disease. All the procedures and activities listed below are carried out only in a hospital, by specially trained personnel and under the supervision of the attending physician. AT medical institution conduct a phased removal of a person from a coma, according to the method described below.

The victim is washed out the stomach until clean water by using gastric tube. If the procedure is carried out without using a probe, aspiration may occur, which may result in pneumonia. With help intravenous infusion, injected into the patient's body: 0.9% sodium solution chloride and 5% glucose solution, the total volume should be about 2 liters. In order to lower the acidity of the blood, 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate is administered.

To withdraw excess liquid diuretic drugs (Lasix) are used from the body. The patient is placed with a urinary catheter to monitor the amount of fluid infused and excreted. Alcoholic coma leads to oxygen starvation brain, which can subsequently lead to cerebral edema, with subsequent mental abnormalities, it is because of this that volumes of fluids should be monitored.

Due to the fact that the patient's body receives solutions in large quantities, they additionally use osmotic agent Mannitol. With the introduction of atropine sulfate, salivation decreases, mucus ceases to form in the lungs. In addition, the drug improves the work of the CCC, does not allow a slowdown in the pulse.

Hormonal and vascular drugs used to adjust performance blood pressure. To eliminate the adverse effect of ethyl alcohol on the cellular structures of the central nervous system, ascorbic and nicotinic acid as well as B vitamins.

Avoiding alcohol is the most the right move avoid consequences

In especially severe cases (respiratory arrest), it is necessary to use an endotracheal tube, which is inserted directly into the trachea. To cleanse the bronchi and lungs from vomit, I use a suction or a bronchoscope. AT without fail a course of antibiotic therapy is needed to avoid inflammation of the lung tissue.

Unfortunately, alcoholism is the number one problem in our society, and a correspondingly large number of people suffer because of it. Alcoholic coma belongs to the category of deadly conditions, which claims many human lives. Therefore, at the first symptoms of a potentially developing coma, you should immediately call an ambulance. Thanks to the speed of reaction, and the provision of first aid, many lives can be saved.

Alcoholism - terrible disease classified as chronic. The consequences of such a pathology are dangerous. With prolonged abuse of alcohol-containing products, a person experiences a global disruption of the work of all internal systems and individual organs.

An alcoholic coma becomes one of the health-threatening outcomes of unrestrained drunkenness. The most severe intoxication of the body, which takes place against the background of a complete loss of all reactions. The consequences of an alcoholic coma are considered the most devastating and directly life threatening person. What should be done in this case?

Alcoholic coma in most cases is fatal

The word "coma" itself is borrowed from Greek and means "drowsiness, oblivion." But the term used in modern medical practice, has nothing to do with oblivion (drowsiness). In a person who is in an alcoholic coma:

1. A sharp decline respiratory functions and ventilation of the lungs can lead to work stoppage bronchopulmonary system which leads to the death of a person.
2. Almost all reflexes are absent, including swallowing, coughing. This creates dangerous situations in which the victim is not able to cough up and spit out vomit.

deadly dangerous situation can develop in any person who may not even suffer from alcoholism. Sometimes it is enough to taste alcohol for the first time to fall into a coma.

The essence of the syndrome

On average, for the development of alcoholic coma, it is enough to consume 400-450 g of alcohol.. But this is an average. For each person, the lethal dose is individual. It depends on the level of health chronic diseases, the amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the person.

How does the syndrome develop?

Alcoholic coma develops due to the occurrence of several cumulative factors. But alcohol always becomes the catalyst for a deadly state. When a person is unable to cope large quantity ethanol metabolites, there is a deep intoxication of internal systems, the result of which is a coma.

In its development, an alcoholic coma goes through three stages. Let's look at them in more detail.

Alcoholic coma develops faster in women

Brain disorders

The main culprit of the coma is neurotoxic effects ethanol metabolites on brain regions. Excitation, which manifests itself in the initial stage of intoxication, is very quickly replaced by a complete inhibition of the brain areas responsible for the functioning of the body. Suffer:

• thermoregulation;
• respiratory center;
• vegetative system.

Decreased blood volume

This pathological condition is called hypovolemia. Ethyl alcohol provokes the development of large foci of tissue swelling in the body. Because of what, an incorrect distribution of intracellular fluid begins, which leads to a drop in oncotic blood pressure and the development of hypovolemia. This condition is expressed by the following symptoms:

• weakness;
• drop in blood pressure;
• loss of consciousness;
• muscle cramps;
• lowering the temperature;
• soreness in the abdomen.

Drop in glucose

Ethyl alcohol contributes to the development of hypoglycemia. Ethanol requires the body to increase the consumption of special enzymes that break down alcohols. The lack of enzymatic substances, in turn, causes a drop in the level of glycogen in the liver, which leads to a sharp decrease in glucose in the blood lymph.

One of the reasons for the development of alcoholic coma is hypoglycemia.

Developed due to alcohol abuse hypoglycemia in 10-13% of cases leads to the appearance of alcoholic coma.

The situation and the risk of developing hypoglycemia is aggravated in cold conditions. This is due to the growing costs of the body for self-heating, which requires glucose reserves.

Stages of alcoholic coma

Comatosis, provoked by alcohol poisoning, occurs against the background of a profound disruption in the functioning of the most important nerve centers. The signs and symptoms of an alcoholic coma vary depending on the stage of the process. Doctors classify the development of the syndrome into three stages.

Stage 1 (resorption)

At initial degree the development of a coma of the victim can be brought to life by cleansing the stomach. At this stage, which lasts about 4-7 hours, ethanol only begins its destructive activity and is gradually absorbed by the cells of internal tissues.

With an alcoholic coma, three stages are classified

This degree is characterized by the concentration of ethanol in the blood serum in a volume of about 4 ppm. If the volume of alcohol does not exceed 5 ppm, it is possible self exit from coma.

Symptoms

Signs of an alcoholic coma of the first stage are characterized by the following symptoms:

• constriction of the pupils;
• violation of facial expressions;
• increased salivation;
• maintaining a response to lighting;
• noted defensive reaction for ammonia.

With this degree of the syndrome, the victim experiences disturbances in the functioning of the central cortex of the brain. The person stops feeling pain. Could happen uncontrolled urination due to relaxation of the sphincters of the urinary canal.

At this stage, blood pressure is still normal, although there is some increase in heart rate. When breathing, you can listen to hoarseness, shortness of breath is noted. The person suffers from increased tone chewing muscles. Sometimes it is so great that the victim is unable to speak and breathe.

Stage 2 (superficial coma)

The level of metabolites of ethyl alcohol in the blood is increasing. With its concentration in the amount of 6-6.5 ppm, a person goes into stage 2 of alcoholic coma. This state lasts about 10-12 hours. During this time, the breakdown of ethanol and a gradual drop in its level occurs (this phase is called "elimination").

Symptoms

At this stage, a person is no longer able to recover on his own. He needs urgent hospitalization. Superficial alcoholic coma stage 2 has the following features:

• complete relaxation of muscle tone;
• lack of response to inhalation of ammonia vapors;
• even after clearing the stomach, a person does not come to his senses.

At this stage of the development of coma, the victim is characterized by visible changes in breathing. It becomes superficial and very frequent. There is also an increase in tachycardia - the pulse can rise to 100 beats / minute.

According to statistics, mortality from alcohol poisoning the tallest

Stage 3 (deep coma)

At this level of development of the syndrome, the concentration of ethanol in the blood of the victim already reaches 7-7.5 ppm. This is the most difficult stage, fraught with especially dangerous consequences. If the victim is not delivered to the intensive care unit of toxicology on time, there is a great chance lethal outcome.

Symptoms

Define this degree comatose can be on the following grounds:

• constriction of the pupils;
• sometimes convulsions develop;
• the disappearance of the reflex to light;
• violation of respiratory work;
• lowering the temperature to + 35⁰С;
• the absence of all muscle reflexes;
• the disappearance of the pain reaction;
• no response to inhalation of ammonia fumes.

This degree of coma occurs against the background global problems with peripheral circulation. This leads to the development of acrocyanosis.

Acrocyanosis - a sharp decline blood supply to small capillaries. Blueness is the main symptom of this syndrome. skin(especially the nasolabial triangle) and a sharp blanching of the face.

A significant drop in blood pressure leads to the appearance of a thready and very weak pulse. At this stage, the functions of the respiratory system are inhibited, significant violations of the water-salt metabolism occur. Rapidly increasing signs of dehydration and heart failure.

How to help a person

If the victim after taking alcoholic beverages showed the first signs of coma, you should immediately call an ambulance. Only emergency care can help a person and it is worth contacting doctors regardless of the stage of coma. While waiting for the team of doctors, the patient can be helped on his own.

With coma 1 and 2 stages

The person should be turned over on their stomach. Give him such a position that his head is turned to one side and hangs a little. This is necessary in order to possible vomiting The person did not suffocate on the vomit. To prevent a too sharp drop in temperature, the victim should be covered with a blanket and brought into warm room(if the person passed out on the street).

First aid for alcohol coma

Then, while waiting for the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to carry out the following procedures:

1. Try to bring him to his senses with ammonia.
2. Give the patient a warm drink. You can offer tea (very sweet) or milk. Heated drinks are essential to restore electrolyte balance.

With severe coma 3 degrees

The deterioration of a person's condition and the development of alcoholic coma is already a real danger to human life. The only thing that can help in this case before the ambulance arrives is to prevent the heart from stopping. It is necessary to maintain the condition of the victim with indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

Medical therapy

Treatment of severe coma begins with complete cleansing human body from alcohol metabolites. Physicians are resuscitation and procedures aimed at stopping the further absorption of ethanol into the blood from the digestive system. To do this, doctors:

1. Completely wash the gastrointestinal tract with a probe.
2. Spend infusion therapy(dropper) with physiological solutions, with the addition of soda, glucose, insulin and a group of vitamins.
3. An injection of atropine is given to relieve profuse salivation(saliva secreted by an unconscious person can flow into the trachea and stop it).
4. To improve and stabilize cardiac activity, drugs based on caffeine are administered.
5. Carry out ventilation of the lungs to remove the victim from a coma.
6. Then the stomach is cleaned again with a nasogastric tube. A solution is also injected through the probe activated carbon for complete adsorption of the remaining toxins.

Medical care for alcoholic coma

After a person has come to his senses and left the coma, he is prescribed a course of taking vitamins to prevent the development of hypovitaminosis. Vitamins C and B1 are especially useful. These compounds effectively restore the work of the heart and strengthen the tone of blood vessels.

rehabilitation period

A person has a chance to fully rehabilitate his health, provided that the coma lasted no more than 5-6 hours. Of course, the main rule is the complete rejection of any use of alcoholic beverages.

If the coma lasted more than 10-12 hours, it is much more difficult to predict a person's condition after rehabilitation. The main thing that the victim has to do in this case is to restore all the functioning of the heart and circulatory system.

The most complete recovery of your condition after an alcoholic coma is possible only with the help of professionals, while carefully following all the prescriptions of doctors and not refusing specialized assistance.

Consequences of coma

Having learned what an alcoholic coma is, and its consequences can be expected to be extremely unfavorable. With timely assistance, a person can recover after 3-4 hours. But even this short-term immersion in alcoholic coma is enough for the development irreversible consequences. The most common outcomes of coma doctors include the following situations:

1. Dementia. The global destruction of brain cells, which occurs due to the intoxication of alcohol metabolites, significantly reduces the intellectual level and can lead to a decrease in mental abilities.
2. Pneumonia due to aspiration. The destruction of the mucous tissue of the lungs is caused by the aggressive action of gastric juice, which, with complete immobility of the body, can enter the lungs. Significantly worsens the condition and development of the disease, the addition of a secondary infection.
3. kidney failure in acute phase. The syndrome develops due to prolonged squeezing body weight, which is devoid of muscle reflexes. That is why the affected person, who is in an alcoholic coma, should often turn over and change the position of the body.

Remember that alcoholic coma - terrible consequence intoxication of the body due to alcohol. This condition in 70% of cases leads to the death of a person. And you can only save him by immediately calling an ambulance. Only timely medical intervention can help the victim return to life.

The tradition to accompany feasts and holidays with strong drinks has come from ancient times, they are still popular today. Especially in big noisy company time flies unnoticed, and at the same time stack after stack is released.

How much to drink and what to choose depends on the preferences of the person in terms of types, brands, strength, price and quality. But in any kind of drinks you need to look for good brands and proven names, otherwise poisoning can be fatal.

Into any alcoholic drink ethanol is included different dosage. It is a neuroparalytic poison that affects all the most important vital organs of a person.

The percentage of alcohol in drinks is determined by its type, and the rate of entry into the blood depends on this. An immoderate passion for alcohol threatens to turn into alcoholism or poisoning, which does not cause anything positive in the body.

There is no doubt that alcoholism is considered a disease, moreover, a severe and chronic disease that causes irreparable harm to human health and well-being.

Prolonged drinking on an empty stomach leads to severe consequences strikes the most important organs, leaving the original relaxation somewhere behind. This is followed by an alcoholic coma.

When does the alcoholic coma start?

Adolescents and elderly people, whose body cannot cope with the load on internal organs. The greatest danger lies in the fact that a coma overtakes not only people suffering from alcoholism, but also those who drink little and infrequently.

main reason coma is considered excessive drinking and with an increase in portions, the threat increases. Prolonged drinking on an empty stomach leads to disastrous consequences.

If the concentration of alcohol in the blood is 3 ppm, there is a danger of an alcoholic coma. And for this you need not so much at all - enough to drink 300-500 g of vodka with a short time interval, and the body begins to hurt. Especially when strong alcohol is consumed.

If this figure increases to 5-8 g / l of ethanol, then there is a mortal threat to life. For each person, the amount of safely drunk is absolutely individual. For some people, a small amount of drinking leads to an alcoholic coma, while for others, this dose increases.

The threat of coma is determined by a number of reasons:

• the amount of alcohol drunk, the more drunk, the more serious the consequences;
• the strength of the drink used - it is indicated on the package;
• climatic conditions. In summer, in the heat, alcohol acts faster;
• ethanol tolerance. allergic reactions happen to almost non-drinkers
• the physique of the drinker - a large and obese person can drink more;
• habit to alcoholic drinks;
• how often they are used;
• the lack of a snack, which threatens with serious consequences, and high-calorie food slows down the rate of absorption of alcohol by half - this reduces its concentration in the blood.

The first glasses of alcohol bring pleasant excitement and quickly raise the mood, which is replaced by indifference and drowsiness. In the future, breathing slows down, thermoregulation is disturbed and brain functions are inhibited.

Use a large number ethyl alcohol causes a serious blow to the central nervous system, leads to respiratory failure, heart function.

3 stages of coma development

1. The first stage is characterized by a change in the functions of the brain.

   The patient is unconscious, does not feel pain, and does not respond to sound. Unable to move, but erratic twitching of limbs and chest muscles.

   There is vomiting and slight salivation. There is a slight reaction to the presentation of a cotton wool moistened with ammonia, some change in facial expressions.

   The skin of the face becomes purple, breathing is frequent and intermittent, wheezing is heard in the bronchi.

2. In the second stage, there is a complete loss of consciousness, frequent and shallow breathing accompanied by wheezing in the chest, spontaneous urination and salivation.

   In this case, the muscles are usually completely relaxed, even the reaction to gastric lavage is almost invisible. Blood pressure rises, the heartbeat quickens, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute. There are no sensations of pain, disturbed vital functions brain, pupils are weakly responsive to light.

3. In the third, or so-called deep stage you can observe a decrease in human temperature to 35 °.

   Blood pressure also falls, the pulse is weak and poorly palpable, breathing is heavy and slow to a complete stop, spontaneous salivation and urination.

   The skin becomes moist, clammy and pale with a bluish tint. Muscles weaken, which can lead to tongue retraction and vomit entering the trachea.

   Urine turns brown, which is an indicator of the development of renal failure.

Symptoms of an alcoholic coma

The first signs of the onset of the initial stage of coma are dizziness, poor orientation in a familiar place, when a person cannot find the right room.

The face turns pale, pupils constrict, convulsions or muscle twitching occur, vomiting. At this time, you can prevent the development of the disease. To do this, stop drinking alcohol, induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach and give him 5-6 tablets of activated charcoal. Lay the patient on his side so that he can warm up well - cover with a blanket.

Need to offer plentiful drink- warm tea or milk, juice and water will do. This will help to quickly remove the remaining alcohol from the body. The more liquid, the faster the toxins will be released. If the heart does not bother, then you can be treated at home.

In the morning, the patient will suffer from a hangover and headache, which do not let go for a long time. The elimination process lasts for ethanol up to 12 hours.

Only 10% is excreted from the body by breathing, with sweat and urine, the rest is broken down in the liver.

First aid

In case of loss of consciousness, an ambulance should be called immediately. Often initial stage coma resolves on its own within 6 hours if there are no disturbances in the work of the heart and breathing, but you should not take such a risk.

The sooner first aid is provided, the more effective will be treated. Prior to the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to provide first aid. What is it?

First of all, it is necessary to clear the mouth of vomit in order to prevent it from entering the respiratory tract, which can lead to suffocation. Then the person is laid on his side, the left arm is pulled forward to stabilize the position, and the leg is bent at the knee. When convulsions occur, it must be protected from bruises.

Further assistance is provided medical workers. Upon arrival, the ambulance crew cleans the victim's nasal passages from mucus and vomit.

Providing air access with the help of a tongue holder, the tongue is fixed, preventing it from sinking. The next step is to remove ethyl alcohol from the body. In this case, gastric lavage is done with a probe. At home, gastric lavage is dangerous; it can lead to aspiration.

The further process of treatment, depending on the degree of coma, requires a serious attitude. Patients in a coma are given atropine to reduce the excessive production of saliva and mucus in the lungs. It does not allow the pulse to slow down, stimulates the work of the heart.

To remove toxins from the blood intravenous administration physiological saline with glucose 20%, insulin (20 IU) and sodium bicarbonate. Stimulating the normalization of the heart, injections of caffeine and cordiamine are prescribed by the method of forced diuresis.

To prevent the consequences of hypoxia, which can lead to swelling of the brain, diuretics are prescribed, which quickly remove fluid. For exact definition the amount of fluid injected and excreted into the patient's bladder is inserted into the catheter.

With a decrease in blood pressure associated with a violation of the adrenal glands, prednisolone or hormonal drugs are used.

Vitamins B and C strengthen the cells of the nervous system from pernicious influence decomposition products of alcohol. If breathing problems occur, they enter the respiratory tract, the pulmonary trunk and bronchi are cleansed and forced ventilation of the lungs is performed. In the future, antibiotic treatment is prescribed to prevent pneumonia

Consequences of an alcoholic coma

Specialists medical institution an incision is made in the skin and trochea to allow air to enter from external environment. When rendering timely assistance and treatment, the victim comes out of a coma within 4 hours.

The mildest consequences are headache, bruises and abrasions, memory impairment. Other complications may lead to more serious violations or even to death, so it’s impossible to joke and postpone calling a qualified doctor in this case.

The exit from the first stage of the coma for the most part passes without a trace for further well-being, not counting the morning signs of a hangover and short-term loss memory.

Being in a stationary state for a long time, the muscles are compressed under the weight of the body. As a result of impaired brain function in the third - deep phase there are problems with memory impairment, dementia develops, aggression and lethargy appear in behavior. The ability to speak is lost, limited.

From the collapsing muscle fibers, myoglobin is excreted by the kidneys, clogging the channels, which is the impetus for the development of renal failure. Swelling and subsequently atrophy of the muscles brings suffering from severe pain and leads to necrosis.

The person loses the ability to walk. Gastric juice, getting into the respiratory system, has a detrimental effect on lung tissue causing pneumonia.

conclusions

You should not hope at the first sign of improvement in the condition that you can immediately get down to business or go to work.

The rehabilitation period is usually at least 6 hours, and can drag on for half a day. All this time, you need to take the above measures, drink plenty of water and, most importantly, do not continue to drink additional alcohol.

If the dose of the drunk is exceeded, it is necessary to determine the alcoholic coma in time and take a number of measures. Emotions and experiences will not help here, and even more so moral moralizing. Therefore, only prompt timely medical intervention can save the life and health of the victim.

No pharmacies and advice from friends will do what a specialist can do. At the first sign of an alcoholic coma, you need to call an ambulance. It is also necessary to monitor the quality of the products used, because a hangover can appear even from small dose low quality product.

Excessive alcohol consumption negatively affects the state of the body - everyone knows this. But too large dose can lead to very dangerous consequences. Including a condition called an alcoholic coma. As is known, quite often leads to lethal outcome.

Alcoholic coma: causes. The reason for the development similar condition is intoxication of the body with ethyl alcohol. In fact, it is not possible to determine the exact amount of alcohol that is fatal. Firstly, here everything depends, first of all, on the individual susceptibility of the body to alcohol. Some people become ill after a few glasses of strong drink, and some, on the contrary, are very resistant to the effects of ethanol.

matters and general state body - the level of immune protection, the state of the liver, the presence of other diseases. In addition, alcoholic beverages should not be consumed on an empty stomach - this is how ethyl alcohol is absorbed into the blood faster. It is worth paying attention to the concentration of ethanol - if it is above 12%, then intoxication will be more difficult.

As a rule, a coma develops when the body contains 3 g of ethanol for every liter of blood. If this indicator increases to 5 grams, then the probability of death is high.

Alcoholic coma: main symptoms. In medicine, it is customary to distinguish three main stages in the development of such a coma.

• Stage one, or superficial coma. The person loses consciousness. Further, it may begin severe vomiting or hypersalivation. limbs are observed. The pupils of the patient are narrowed, but all the main reflexes are preserved. The skin of the face becomes cyanotic.
• Stage two. At this stage, the breath of a poisoned person slows down noticeably. If you listen to the pulse, you will notice that it is very weak and fast. Muscle tone and natural tendon reflexes at this stage disappear, but the person still responds to pain. The hallmark of a coma is involuntary defecation and urination.
• Stage three, or deep alcoholic coma. If you listen to the pulse or breathing of a person, you will notice that they are rare, weak and irregular. At this stage, all reflexes disappear, the patient no longer responds to pain. The pupils are greatly dilated, the skin becomes even more pronounced, bluish tint.

If you do not provide a person with medical care, then it is likely that a deep drug coma will lead to death. In most cases, death occurs as a result of suffocation with one's own vomit or sunken tongue (muscles lose tone). If the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood increases sharply, then respiratory arrest or cardiovascular insufficiency may develop.

In any case, moderate and severe forms of alcoholic coma are fraught with serious consequences for human body- renal insufficiency, myorenal syndrome, acidosis, hypokalemia and blood clotting.

Alcoholic coma: treatment. The first thing to do is to call the medical team. Until this time, it is necessary to provide the patient with first aid. First, lay the person on a flat surface and turn his head to the side so that he does not choke on vomit. Keep an eye on his tongue as well - if it starts to sink, then you need to hold it. When breathing or breathing, it is necessary to massage the heart and make

As for drug treatment, then it all depends on the degree of damage to the body. As a rule, to begin with, doctors clear the airways of mucus and provide required amount oxygen. In more severe cases, the patient is connected to an artificial respiration apparatus.

Gastric lavage is also carried out - for this purpose a probe is used. To remove ethanol from the blood, glucose is also administered intravenously to the patient.

It is worth noting once again that an alcoholic coma is very dangerous state which requires immediate medical attention.