Carefully! A patient in a state of alcoholic psychosis is dangerous! Alcoholic psychosis as a severe disorder.

In recent years, an increase in the incidence of chronic alcoholism (alcohol dependence) has been observed in our country, a noticeable increase in the incidence of such a condition as alcoholic psychosis has been noted, most accurately reflecting the prevalence and severity of chronic alcoholism (alcohol dependence).

The incidence of alcoholic psychosis clearly correlates with the level of alcohol consumption and averages about 10%. It is believed that the higher this level, the higher the incidence of alcoholic psychosis.

A certain pathomorphism of chronic alcoholism is also noted in the direction of an increase in the number of severe and atypical alcoholic deliriums, early development of the first delirium (3-5 years after the onset of the disease), and the development of alcoholic psychosis in adolescents.

Many modern authors rightly believe that the appearance of psychotic disorders in a patient with chronic alcoholism indicates the transition of the disease to an advanced, severe stage. According to various authors, there is no alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and, accordingly, alcoholism without psychosis.

Alcoholic delirium with improper treatment can result in death, the probability of death is 1-2%. Mortality in alcoholic encephalopathy, according to different authors, reaches 30-70%.

All of the above allows us to conclude about the importance of timely and correct diagnosis of alcoholic psychosis.

ICD-10 code

F10.5 Mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use - psychotic disorder

Causes of alcoholic psychosis

The question of the cause (causes) of the occurrence and mechanisms of development of alcoholic psychosis still remains open, but it has been actively studied in recent years due to the relevance of this problem. The development of alcoholic psychosis does not depend on the direct, even prolonged action of alcohol, but is associated with the influence of its decay products and impaired metabolism. The most common psychoses - alcoholic delirium and hallucinosis - do not occur during binge drinking, but against the background of a developed withdrawal syndrome (with a decrease in the alcohol content in the blood). Often, the onset of psychosis is preceded by trauma, acute infectious diseases, acute poisoning (for example, alcohol surrogates, drugs, etc.), concomitant somatic pathology, and stress. That is why the term "meth-alcohol psychoses" is often found in the literature, emphasizing their development as a result of long-term, chronic alcohol intoxication that affects internal organs and disrupts metabolism in general.

Currently, it is believed that a combination of several factors plays an important role in the development of alcoholic psychosis - endogenous and exogenous intoxication, metabolic disorders (primarily CNS neurotransmitters), and immune disorders. Indeed, psychoses develop, as a rule, in patients with stage II-III chronic alcoholism with severe homeostasis disorders.

According to the results of numerous studies, the systematic use of alcohol disrupts metabolic processes in the central nervous system, alcohol most actively affects the function of the GABA system and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors. GABA is a neurotransmitter that reduces the sensitivity of neurons to external signals. A single intake of alcohol increases the activity of GABA receptors, chronic alcohol intoxication leads to a decrease in their sensitivity and a drop in the level of GABA in the CNS, which explains the excitation of the nervous system observed in alcoholic AS.

One of the main excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS is glutamate, which interacts with three types of receptors, including N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, and plays an important role in the implementation of learning processes. The participation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in the pathogenesis of convulsive seizures has also been proven. A single intake of alcohol inhibits the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors; with the systematic use of ethanol, their number increases. Accordingly, with alcoholic AS, the activating effect of glutamate increases.

Acute exposure to alcohol has an inhibitory effect on the calcium channels of neurons, which leads to an increase in the number of voltage-gated channels in chronic alcohol intoxication. That is why during the period of ethanol deprivation there is an increase in calcium transport into the cell, accompanied by an increase in the excitability of neurons.

Of great importance in the pathogenesis of alcoholic AS belongs to the exchange of dopamine, endorphins, serotonin and acetylcholine. According to modern concepts, changes in the exchange of classical neurotransmitters are secondary (monoamines) or compensatory (acetylcholine).

Dopamine coordinates the motor functions of the central nervous system, plays an important role in the implementation of the mechanisms of motivation and behavior. A single injection of alcohol causes an increase, and chronic - a decrease in extracellular dopamine in n. accessories. It is considered proven that there is a direct relationship between the level of this neurotransmitter and the severity of alcoholic delirium: in patients with developed psychosis, the concentration of dopamine reached 300%. However, dopamine receptor blockers (neuroleptics) are ineffective in alcoholic delirium. Apparently, this can be explained by the influence of a less obvious metabolic disturbance of other neurotransmitters and CNS modulators (serotonin, endorphins, etc.), as well as a change in the biological effect of dopamine during the interaction of a neurotransmitter with catabolism products and pathologically altered neuropeptides.

The leading factor in the pathogenesis of alcoholic delirium, apparently, is a violation of metabolic and neurovegetative processes. Damage to the liver leads to a violation of the detoxification function, inhibition of the synthesis of protein blood fractions and other important compounds. As a result, toxic damage to the central nervous system develops, primarily its diencephalic sections, which leads to the disruption of neurohumoral compensatory mechanisms. A decrease in the detoxification reserves of the liver disrupts and slows down the processes of alcohol oxidation, resulting in the formation of more toxic incompletely oxidized products of its transformation. Another important predisposing factor in the development of delirium is a violation of electrolyte metabolism, especially the redistribution of electrolytes between cells and extracellular fluid. The trigger mechanism for delirium is considered to be a sharp change in internal homeostasis, the development of AS, associated somatic diseases, possibly local circulatory disorders and a decrease in vascular permeability for toxic substances.

The mechanisms of occurrence of alcoholic delirium and acute encephalopathies, apparently, are close. In the pathogenesis of alcoholic encephalopathy, along with disorders characteristic of delirium, an important place is given to vitamin metabolism disorders, especially the lack of vitamins B1, B6 and PP.

Among the exogenous organic hazards, the most important are the consequences of craniocerebral injuries, chronic somatic diseases. It is impossible to deny the certain role of the hereditary factor, which may determine the imperfection of the mechanisms of homeostasis.

The pathogenesis of alcoholic hallucinosis and delusional psychosis is currently practically unknown.

Clinical forms of alcoholic psychoses

There are different approaches to the classification of alcoholic psychosis. From a clinical point of view, acute, protracted and chronic psychoses are distinguished, as well as psychopathological syndromes leading in the clinical picture: delirious, hallucinatory, delusional, etc.

Alcoholic psychosis is characterized by phases of development of clinical manifestations, often combined with their polymorphism (i.e., different psychotic disorders simultaneously exist or successively replace each other in the structure).

Mixed meth-alcohol psychoses are said to be if the symptoms of one form, such as delirium, are combined with the phenomena of hallucinosis or symptoms characteristic of a paranoid.

In atypical psychoses, the symptoms of the main forms are combined with endophoric disorders, for example, with oneiroid stupefaction or mental automatisms.

With complex in structure meth-alcohol psychoses, a successive change from one psychosis to another is observed, for example, delirium with hallucinosis, hallucinosis with paranoid, etc.

With the development of acute psychoses, it is very important to take into account the severity of the condition, because in addition to psychotic disorders, such patients usually have neurohormonal regulation disorders, dysfunctions of internal organs and systems, immunodeficiency states, severe neurological disorders (convulsive seizures, progressive encephalopathy with cerebral edema, etc.)

Against the background of modern therapy, the duration of alcoholic delirium lasts no more than 8-10 days, hallucinosis and delusional alcoholic psychosis are considered acute if they are reduced within a month; protracted (subacute) psychoses last up to 6, and chronic - above 6 months.

According to the type of course, alcoholic psychosis is:

transient, occurring once;
recurrent repeated two or more times after remissions;
mixed - transient or recurrent, the course is replaced by a chronic psychotic state;
with a continuous course immediately after an acute psychotic state or independently, a periodically aggravated chronic psychosis occurs.

Types of alcoholic (metalcohol) psychoses:

Alcoholic delirium.
Alcoholic hallucinosis.
Alcoholic delusional psychoses.
Alcoholic encephalopathy.
Rare forms of alcoholic psychoses.

Alcoholic depression, alcoholic epilepsy, and dipsomania are also traditionally referred to as alcoholic psychosis. However, not all authors recognize this point of view, since it causes a sufficient amount of controversy. According to the peculiarities of development, alcoholic depression and epilepsy can be classified as intermediate syndromes. occurring against the background of chronic alcohol intoxication. For example. G.V. Morozov (1983) refers this controversial group to psychopathological conditions that occur with alcoholism (depression, epilepsy) and meth-alcohol psychoses or accompanied by alcoholic excesses (dipsomania).

Currently, these conditions are usually considered within the framework of withdrawal disorders (alcoholic depression) as a manifestation of a pathological craving for alcohol (dipsomania or drunkenness) or as a special disease, the cause of which is chronic alcoholism (alcoholic epilepsy).

Nevertheless, these states are singled out here in a separate group - "Special forms of alcoholic psychosis".

Special forms of alcoholic psychoses

Despite the ambiguous points of view of different researchers and the controversy of joining alcoholic epilepsy, alcohol depression and dipsomania to alcoholic psychoses, for a more complete coverage of the topic, this section describes the clinical manifestations of these conditions, not isolated and ICD-10.

Alcoholic epilepsy

Alcoholic epilepsy (epileptiform syndrome in alcoholism, alcohol-epilepsy) is a type of symptomatic epilepsy that occurs with alcoholism and its complications.

In 1852, M. Huss described the occurrence of convulsive seizures in chronic alcoholism and pointed to their toxic origin. However, there is still no general opinion regarding the terminology and nosological outline of epileptiform disorders in chronic alcoholism. To refer to these disorders, most authors use the term "alcoholic epilepsy", proposed by Magnan in 1859.

The most complete definition of alcoholic epilepsy was given by S.G. Zhislin: “Under alcoholic epilepsy one should understand one of the varieties of symptomatic and toxic epilepsies, i.e. those forms in which it can be shown that every seizure, without exception, is the result of intoxication, and in which, after the elimination of the factor of intoxication, these seizures and other epileptic phenomena disappear.

The frequency of alcoholic seizures, both in alcoholism and its complications, averages about 10%. Describing epileptiform seizures in chronic alcoholism, researchers note some of their features.

Differential diagnosis of genuin epilepsy and epileptiform seizures in alcohol dependence

epileptiform seizures in alcohol dependence	Genunian epilepsy
The occurrence is associated with prolonged heavy intake of alcoholic beverages. Most often, epileptiform seizures form at stage II or III of alcoholism (take into account the clinical symptoms of alcoholism)	The occurrence of epileptic seizures is not associated with the intake of alcohol, the first seizures can form long before the first intake of alcohol or occur when it is taken in small quantities
Occur only in certain cases: on the 2nd-4th day of the development of alcoholic AS; in the debut or during the manifest phenomena of delirium and encephalopathy Gaye-Wernicke	The development of seizures does not depend on the stage and period of coexisting alcoholism
The most characteristic are large convulsive seizures without transformation of the picture, there are abortive seizures	At the first occurrence of a seizure, small epileptic seizures are transformed into large ones.
Small seizures, post-seizure oligophasia, twilight clouding of consciousness are not typical - very rare, almost never happens	The structure of seizures is different, diverse
Not typical aura, sometimes vegetative	The aura is characteristic - the "calling card" of each clinical case, a wide variety of clinical manifestations
Absence of seizures during remission and in a state of intoxication	Regardless of the duration and amount of alcohol consumption
Alcohol type personality changes	Personality changes according to the epileptic type (epileptic degradation)
Electroencephalogram changes are nonspecific or absent	More often diagnose specific changes in the electroencephalogram

Alcoholic depression

Alcoholic melancholia is a group of conditions that combines depressive disorders of different clinical presentation and duration in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Depressive disorders occur, as a rule, with the development of alcoholic AO, may persist after its relief, less often they are observed after suffering delirium or hallucinosis. In the latter case, alcoholic depression can be attributed to transient syndromes that replace psychosis with productive symptoms.

Currently, the options for the development of affective pathology in patients with alcoholism are clearly delineated. The first is associated with a deepening of premorbid features with a tendency to form various affective disorders at the level of cyclothymia or affective psychosis; the second is acquired affective disorders, which are a sign of toxic damage to the brain and emerging encephalopathy. In the first case, patients are diagnosed with deeper and more intense affective disorders, vital components have a large proportion, ideas of self-abasement, elements of depressive depersonalization are frequent. Suicide attempts may occur. In the second variant, shallow anxious depressions with hypochondriacal inclusions, tearfulness, and emotional lability predominate. Dysphoric depression is often encountered in clinical practice. Patients complain of depressed mood, a feeling of hopelessness, tearful, but after a short time they can be seen talking animatedly with their neighbors in the ward. The structure of alcoholic depression is dominated by psychogenic formations, hysterical and dysphoric manifestations, exhaustion. The duration of these disorders varies from 1-2 weeks to 1 month or more.

True binge

Dipsomania (true hard drinking) is very rare. Seen in people who do not suffer from chronic alcoholism. It was first described in 1817 in Moscow by the doctor Silyvatori. Hufeland in 1819 proposed to call this form of drunkenness dipsomania. Dipsomania develops mainly in psychopathic personalities, mainly in the epileptoid circle, in persons suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, with schizophrenia, and also against the background of endocrine psychosyndrome.

The clinical picture is characterized by several obligatory signs. A true binge is preceded by a depressive-anxious background of mood, a dysphoric component is significantly expressed, increased fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety, and a feeling of fear are noted. In other words, affective tension and infection are necessarily present. There is a passionate, irresistible desire to drink alcohol. Components of attraction to alcohol (ideational, sensory, affective, behavioral and vegetative) are expressed to a large extent. The craving for alcohol is so strong that the patient, despite any obstacles, begins to drink and reaches a severe degree of intoxication. Alcohol is absorbed in a variety of forms and in huge quantities up to 2-4 liters. However, the symptoms of intoxication are minor or absent. During such a binge, the patient quits his job, all his affairs, his family, he is out of the house, he can drink all his money and clothes. There is no appetite, the patient practically does not eat anything. Many researchers note the development of dromomania during binge drinking. The duration of this state - from several days to 2 3 weeks. The end of the binge is usually sudden, with a persistent disappearance and treatment for alcohol, often with an aversion to it. A gradual decrease in alcohol doses, as occurs with pseudo-binge drinking, is not observed. After an excess, the mood often rises, accompanied by tireless activity. This fact, according to S.G. Zhislina (1965), testifies to the connection between binge drinking and altered affect. The binge can end with a long sleep, sometimes a partial amnesia of the binge period is noted. In light intervals, patients lead a sober lifestyle and do not drink alcoholic beverages.

Since the middle of this century, dipsomania has been less and less frequently mentioned as an independent nosological form. It would probably be more correct to attribute dipsomania to special forms of symptomatic alcoholism.

In the III stage of alcoholism, a form of alcohol abuse is distinguished according to the type of true binges. Here, too, an intense attraction to alcohol spontaneously arises, there are characteristic changes in the mental and somatic state, the end of binge is associated with intolerance and the development of aversion to alcohol, the occurrence of binge drinking is cyclic.

Treatment of alcoholic psychosis

Intensive therapy of acute alcoholic psychosis is based on the correction of metabolic disorders resulting from the systematic intake of alcoholic beverages. However, due to insufficient understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the diversity and complexity of the metabolic changes developing in them, the drugs used cause adverse side effects, which leads to a worsening of the course of the disease. That is why they are constantly searching for new therapeutic approaches and optimizing traditional methods aimed at accelerating the recovery of patients from a psychotic state, minimizing losses and preparing patients for high-quality and long-term remissions.

Course, pathomorphosis and prognosis of alcoholic psychoses

Psychosis in alcoholism can occur once and repeatedly. The re-development of psychosis is due to only one reason - the continued abuse of alcohol. However, the feedback is not traced: the transferred psychosis may be the only one even with continued alcohol consumption.

Alcoholic psychosis in the same patient can proceed in different ways: as delirium, auditory hallucinosis, paranoid. Similar clinical supervision, undoubtedly, testify to proximity of "independent" forms of an alcoholic psychosis.

The type of course of alcoholic psychosis and further prognosis largely determine the severity of alcoholic encephalopathy, the features of the constitutional background and additional exogenous hazards.

The occurrence of single alcoholic psychoses depends entirely on chronic alcohol intoxication, in particular, on the duration of drunken periods. Single psychoses are more characteristic of stage II alcoholism, with less severity of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy. As a rule, in this case, delirium is observed with a rather deep stupefaction of consciousness, auditory hallucinosis with symptoms of delirium tremens, on the one hand, and transient clinical symptoms, on the other. In the clinical picture of experienced single psychoses (delirium and hallucinosis), mental automatisms, elements of the Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome, deceptions of the perception of erotic content, delusions of jealousy, imperative hallucinations are practically not found. The features of the psychopathological structure of the transferred psychoses noted above are regarded as prognostically favorable. Thus, if the above clinical features are observed, there is a high probability of a single development of AP, without a tendency to further recurrence.

Alcoholic psychosis with an unfavorable protracted course develops, as a rule, in the II-III stages of alcoholism, with an intermittent or constant form of alcohol abuse, against the background of a significant degradation of the personality according to the alcohol type. An important role is played by constitutional moments - premorbid personality anomalies of the paranoid and schizoid circle. Prognostically unfavorable signs - the inclusion in the clinical picture of psychosis of complex hallucinatory-paranoid phenomena, systematized delirium, the presence of ideas of jealousy in the psychopathological structure of delirium or hallucinosis, the appearance of deceptions in the perception of erotic content.

Relapse of alcoholic psychosis most often occurs 1-2 years after the first attack. This is directly related to the progression of the disease itself and alcoholic encephalopathy - an increase in the pathological craving for alcohol, an increase in binges, a deepening of personality changes. Between the first and repeated psychoses, the interval is always the largest, in the future, the intervals are shortened. Repeated psychoses occur after prolonged, heavy binges and after short (1-2 days) alcoholic excesses. According to M.S. Udaltsova (1974), the recurrence of delirium is preceded by a significant but short alcoholic excess, and hallucinosis is preceded by prolonged use of low doses of alcohol.

In more than half of cases with repeated alcoholic psychosis, the previous clinical picture is preserved, it can only slightly become more complicated or simplified. At the same time, the exogenous type of reactions necessarily occupies a leading position. In other cases, the clinical picture is transformed, the number of hallucinoses, paranoids increases, and a variety of endoform pictures appear.

In the dynamics of alcoholic psychosis, a rigid pattern is revealed: with the progression of alcoholism, with an increase in the severity of alcoholic encephalopathy, the clinical picture is transformed in the direction from delirium to hallucinosis and delusional states. Endogenization of the clinical picture, the increasing dominance of schizoform psychopathological disorders are accompanied by a decrease or even disappearance of the obligate syndrome of exogenous psychoses of clouding of consciousness. In these cases, differential diagnosis with schizophrenia can be very difficult. Of decisive importance for the diagnosis of alcoholic psychosis is chronic alcoholism and the clinical picture of psychosis (including the dynamics of mental disorders).

The addition of psychoses determines the severity of the further course of alcoholism: an increase in the progression of the disease is observed, remissions become shorter, and relapses become longer and more severe.

Postponed alcoholic psychoses undoubtedly increase the manifestations of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy. First of all, this is evidenced by the decrease in professional qualifications, the commission of antisocial acts, illegal actions. In this case, acute psychoses can be replaced by atypical (endoform), and then psychoorganic.

What is the prognosis for alcoholic psychosis?

The prognosis of alcoholic psychosis largely depends on the form of alcohol consumption and factors such as heredity, premorbid state, additional exogenous hazards, and the presence of concomitant somatic and neurological diseases.

A dangerous complication of alcoholism is alcoholic psychosis - the symptoms and treatment make it clear that it will not be easy to get rid of delirium and delusional ideas even in a hospital setting. Such a critical state is not limited to withdrawal symptoms, irreversible changes occur in the psyche of a chronic alcoholic, his worldview. Alcoholic psychosis is observed when a smaller dose of ethanol enters the blood, and this is a problem. It will be very difficult to recover, to return to a full life.

What is alcoholic psychosis

Such an acute mental disorder is provoked by prolonged abuse of alcoholic beverages. Simply put, this is a serious complication of alcoholism, which, in addition to insomnia, causes amnesia, delirium tremens. The disease has a chronic form, however, if the attack is stopped for up to 10 days, a stable and very long period of remission can be achieved. More often, male alcoholics suffer from a characteristic pathology, but the development of alcoholic psychosis in the female body should not be ruled out. This is the official diagnosis, which has the ICD-10 code F 10.4.

The reasons

The main provoking factor is alcoholism, which gradually destroys all internal organs and body systems. This is a pathological process lasting no one year. Alcoholic psychosis progresses more often in chronic alcoholics of stages 2 and 3, and is prone to recurrence. Additional contributing factors are:

social factor;
genetic predisposition;
violation of metabolism and chemical composition of blood;
prolonged stress, mental trauma;
chronic fatigue, apathy;
physical and mental overload;
low level of comfort.

Symptoms

If the patient falls into an alcoholic depression, these are the first prerequisites for an exacerbation of psychosis. It is not easy to cure a chronic disease, especially since the clinical picture is only getting worse. The pathological process begins with acute intoxication of the body, does not exclude the appearance of systemic and neurological symptoms. It is recommended to pay attention to the following changes in general well-being:

disturbed breathing with hoarseness;
cyanosis around the eyes, corners of the mouth;
nightmares;
obsessive ideas;
delirium with visual hallucinations;
bouts of emotional arousal;
progressive delirium;
paranoia, fit of hysteria;
progressive mental disorder;
suicidal tendencies;
dementia symptoms;
progressive epilepsy;
panic with auditory hallucinations.

Types of alcoholic psychosis

Prolonged alcohol intoxication in the absence of desire on the part of the patient is difficult to cure, so psychosis develops over time. Given the extensive list of delusional disorders, narcologists provide the following conditional classification for a quick diagnosis of a patient with alcoholism. So, the following types of alcoholic psychosis are distinguished:

alcoholic delirium;
hallucinosis;
alcoholic depression;
alcoholic pseudo-paralysis;
Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis;
delusional alcoholic psychosis.

Alcoholic delirium

In fact, this is "white tremens", which, with somatic disorders, drives the patient to insanity. A dangerous attack is more often associated with a sharp decrease in the dose of ethanol in the blood after a long binge. Not only is there a complete degradation of the individual, but also there is a real threat to society from a violent alcoholic. His actions in alcoholic delirium are difficult to guess and predict.

Hallucinosis

Such a pathology is more accompanied not by a physical disorder, but by a psychological one. The patient personally encounters auditory and visual hallucinations, exists in a state of severe stress, emotional instability and alcohol dependence. He constantly hears extraneous voices, with whom he even conducts a conversation. In practice, eye symptoms are much less common, but they also become an eloquent manifestation of alcoholic psychosis and require timely treatment.

Othello syndrome

This symptom is associated with intense jealousy, which borders on signs of insanity. In such a clinical picture, even a human life may depend on the further behavior of patients, since an alcoholic in a state of passion is able to “strangle” the object of jealousy or a conditional rival. Therefore, with prolonged binges, the prognosis is unfavorable, you can be “behind bars” after sobering up.

Korsakov's syndrome

With progressive alcoholic encephalopathy, a drunken alcoholic periodically loses his memory. We are talking about temporary episodes of amnesia, which he tries to make up for with his own fantasies. Each time he comes up with a new story of what happened, but in reality everything was completely different. Such stories cause alarm in relatives, so treatment for alcoholic psychosis should follow immediately. It is important to understand that Korsakoff's syndrome belongs to the category of chronic alcoholic encephalopathies.

Acute alcoholic psychosis

Gaye-Wernicke encephalopathy occurs exclusively in an acute form, and develops against a background of severe delirium. With vegetative disorders, extensive brain damage is observed due to a deficiency of thiamine - vitamin B1 against the background of chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and incessant vomiting. Metal-alcohol psychosis of this variety is accompanied by increased drowsiness, disturbed sleep phase, general weakness in the limbs, nightmares and a feeling of emptiness. All manifestations of depressive disorders are difficult to treat.

Treatment of alcoholic psychosis

With prolonged binges, extensive disorders of the psycho-emotional state are not excluded, which need timely correction by medical methods. Treatment is carried out in a hospital, the main task is to reduce the risk of developing irreversible damage to the brain and internal organs and systems. If post-alcoholic psychosis is diagnosed, the general recommendations of certified narcologists are presented below:

An alcoholic with severe symptoms needs to be hospitalized, otherwise he may harm himself and others.
To get rid of the symptoms of psychosis, it is necessary to carry out infusion therapy in order to productively clear the systemic circulation of heavy metals.
With attacks of psychosis associated with a hangover syndrome, the patient must be isolated from others.

Medications

After performing a series of tests to make a final diagnosis, getting rid of such an extensive pathology is possible only with an integrated approach. The basis of intensive care in a hospital is infusion therapy for the rapid and safe removal of alcohol breakdown products. Additionally, narcologists appoint representatives of the following pharmacological groups:

psychotropic drugs to eliminate the symptoms of psychosis;
saline solutions for high-quality blood purification;
a mixture of phenobarbital and alcohol with the addition of water to fix an alcoholic;
vitamin B1 in large doses to avoid extensive brain damage;
nootropics, tranquilizers to calm a violent patient;
sleeping pills to subdue a violent patient;
antipsychotics recommended to the patient with thoughts of suicide;
multivitamin complexes for quick recovery of the body.

These medications can only be prescribed on an individual basis with correction of daily dosages. Treatment of unpleasant symptoms of psychosis against the background of alcohol dependence should proceed only in a hospital, under strict medical supervision. Here are effective medicines in a given direction:

diazepam. 0.5% solution for intramuscular injections. It is recommended to administer 2-4 ml of the drug at a time, up to 2-3 approaches per day. Treatment continues until the complete disappearance of unpleasant symptoms.
Carbamazepine. This is a drug in the form of tablets, which is prescribed for seizures. The daily dose is 1.2 g, an overdose is completely excluded (dangerous for the health of an alcoholic).

Psychotropic drugs

With dipsomania without representatives of the specified pharmacological group, successful treatment of the patient is excluded. To remove the symptoms of aggression and inappropriate behavior, narcologists recommend the following psychotropic drugs in the hospital:

Aminazin. Therapeutic solution with a concentration of 2.5%. It is recommended to administer 2-3 ml, while daily doses are adjusted individually depending on the unpleasant symptoms of psychosis. It can be replaced with a solution of Tizercin - the principle of use is similar.
Seduxen. Another treatment solution with a concentration of 0.5% for drip administration. It is recommended to administer 3 ml of the drug 2 to 3 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely.

Effects

If the symptoms of alcoholic psychosis are not eliminated in a timely manner, the patient becomes socially dangerous, can threaten the lives of healthy and adequate people. His actions are difficult to predict, and conversations do not have a calming effect. Therefore, a violent alcoholic needs to be urgently neutralized and isolated, treatment should be carried out only in a specialized clinic. Potential complications include:

gradual but steady decline in mental capacity;
progressive amnesia;
regular convulsions and tremors of the limbs;
complete degradation of the personality;
extensive lesions of internal organs and systems;
death at a relatively young age;
gradual development of chronic alcoholic psychosis with frequent relapses.

Video

Alcoholic psychoses appear on 2-3 and are a violation of mental activity. At the initial stage of alcoholism, psychoses are very rare.

Among the psychoses that occur with alcoholism, there are:

hallucinosis;
alcoholic delirium ();
alcoholic pseudo-paralysis;
delusional alcoholic psychoses;
alcoholic encephalopathy;
hemorrhagic polyencephalitis;
antabuse psychosis;
dipsomania.

All psychoses differ in course and clinical manifestations. Psychoses on the basis of dependence on alcohol do not develop under its own action, but because of the products obtained after its decay, and metabolic disorders. So, delirium and hallucinosis usually do not appear during a period of binge, when the level of toxins in the human body is very high, but during withdrawal, when alcohol in the blood drops too sharply.

Alcoholic psychosis is a consequence of alcoholism. In a drinking person who is not an alcoholic, even with very large doses of alcohol, psychoses do not appear. Often preceded by such phenomena as trauma, acute infections, stress. They contribute to the rapid development of psychotic reactions of the unhealthy nervous system of the patient.

Such psychoses have various forms: chronic, acute, subacute and others. About 45% of all existing psychoses are acute, 27% are chronic and subacute. If psychosis recurs, then it usually develops according to the same scenario as the primary one, but its course becomes more complicated each time. With alcoholic psychosis, the patient has quite strong psychoorganic disorders and impaired perception of reality. Among alcoholics with an experience of 5-7 years, alcoholic psychoses occur in 13% of cases.

Delirium tremens - alcoholic delirium

Alcoholism and delirium tremens are two accompanying phenomena. With alcoholic delirium, the patient cannot navigate in time and place, he is aggressive and excited.

Alcoholic delirium usually begins on the 2nd-4th day after heavy drinking, but can sometimes occur during drinking. The first attack of fever occurs during a long drunkenness, and subsequent ones can occur during small drunken periods. Quite often, delirium tremens is preceded by a new infectious disease or an exacerbation of a chronic infection.

Signs of alcoholic delirium

There are symptoms that indicate the onset of delirium tremens:

Lack of craving for alcohol. Before the onset of delirium, the alcoholic completely loses his desire, and in some cases there is even an aversion to alcoholic beverages.
Sudden change of mood. The approach of delirium tremens can be warned by a change of joy with unexpected melancholy, fear or depression. The patient becomes overly excited, cannot sit in one place.
Trembling of hands and feet.
Restless sleep, insomnia, nightmares. After waking up, terrible visual images appear in front of a person, he can even hear sounds that are not really there.

How can delirium tremens be avoided? The answer is unequivocal: you need to stop drinking if it has not yet come. If the disease is already present, you need to be treated for alcoholism. So, there are different drugs and medicines for this disease.

Hallucinations in alcoholic delirium

Attacks of delirium tremens occur, as a rule, in the dark. Among hallucinations, images of amphibians, insects, and small animals, such as snakes, spiders, rats, or mice, which a person is normally afraid of, usually predominate. Believing alcoholics in ancient times often dreamed of devils during delirium tremens. There may also be visions of nets, ropes, cobwebs from which a person cannot get out, or various plots from horror films where chaos and destruction reign. Such pictures in the perception of delirium tremens are not voluminous, rather, they resemble watching a movie. Auditory hallucinations are directly related to what the patient imagines: he can hear screams of horror, screams of animals or threats. With delirium tremens, cases of painful, unreasonable jealousy of an alcoholic are not uncommon.

Everything that the patient hears and sees in this state is shown on his facial expressions. Grimaces of confusion, horror and fear appear on the person’s face. He tries to throw off imaginary reptiles or insects, tries to hide, or pushes someone away from him. In addition to auditory and visual, the patient may be haunted by tactile hallucinations. He feels like amphibians or insects crawl on him, how he is bitten, beaten or cut. In this state, a sensation in the mouth of a foreign body is characteristic: a person tries in every possible way to pull it out with his hands or spit it out. Speech during an attack is slurred and jerky, most often he speaks separate lines, talking with images of hallucinations.

Dangers of delirium

Delirium tremens (or, as alcoholics called it, squirrel) is a psychosis that poses a great danger to the life and health of the patient and the people around him. In this state, a person can, for example, jump out of a window. Trying to get rid of terrible hallucinations or obeying the voices in his head, the patient may even commit suicide.

During delirium tremens, the patient loses orientation in space: he does not understand at all where he should go and where he is. Although the personal name and other information that relates to his personality, he can report very accurately.

The hallucinations related to delirium tremens subside during the day, and become bright again in the evening and at night. There are also gaps between them, when the visions release the patient a little, and he can talk about them.

Alcoholic psychosis: hallucinosis

This type of psychosis is manifested in 5-11% of cases of alcoholic mental disorders and takes the 2nd place in prevalence, second only to delirium. Most often, hallucinosis occurs in alcoholic women and occurs, like delirium, after a long alcohol abuse. But, unlike alcoholic delirium, it proceeds with a sufficiently clear consciousness and normal orientation in place and time. When usually auditory hallucinations predominate, and tactile and visual hallucinations are rare. Patients fully retain memories of their behavior and sensations in a state of psychosis.

Alcoholic hallucinosis can be divided into 3 types: acute, subacute and chronic.

Acute hallucinosis begins on the background of a hangover and becomes psychopathological.

This psychosis has the following symptoms:

rare tactile and visual hallucinations;
auditory hallucinations - separate sounds, calls, voices of different timbres;
persecution mania (the patient thinks that someone wants to kill him or mock him);
reduced emotional background (gloom, fear, gloomy mood);
behavior that is directly related to hallucinations (attempts to run away, hide);
arming with various items to protect yourself;
attacking others in order to avoid aggression from them (imaginary).

Acute alcoholic psychosis can last up to several weeks.

Subacute hallucinosis manifests itself within a few months. It is characterized by exacerbations. The patient is worried about anxiety, fear. He moves little, stays in bed for a long time and listens to voices. In this state, delusions are associated with self-accusations, because of this, patients have suicidal tendencies.

In alcoholism, chronic hallucinosis usually begins after acute psychoses suffered by the patient. Immediately begin auditory hallucinations, ideas of persecution. Then only auditory hallucinations remain, but they disturb the patient for a very long time. He can simultaneously hear several voices arguing with each other at once. Over time, the patient begins to get used to these voices, answering them, but his mood remains gloomy.

If this psychosis lasts more than 2 years, then treatment may not lead to a positive result. However, the treatment of alcoholic psychosis, constant therapy with abstinence from alcohol, can save the patient from hallucinations.

Alcoholic paranoid

This type of psychosis also has chronic and acute forms, and it is characterized by systematic delirium, where pictures of persecution, jealousy, poisoning, etc. predominate. The patient ceases to adequately assess the surrounding people and reality.

There is an alcoholic paranoid as a primary delirium, which is not associated with hallucinations. But in some cases, there is still a dependence on hallucinations. Often with this psychosis there are delusions that are associated with jealousy. If jealousy becomes the main thing in a person's delusional experiences, then ideas of poisoning, persecution, etc. are mixed in with it, which forms a picture of a paranoid syndrome.

Patients with alcoholic paranoid experience fever, pressure fluctuations, nightmares, sleep disturbances, heat intolerance, dizziness. A person ceases to control his emotions, becomes unrestrained, angry or, conversely, very inhibited. He loses control over his moral and ethical behavior.

Delusional psychosis in alcoholism

In alcoholism, delusional psychosis occurs when the body is intoxicated, usually in situations that are difficult for the body: when tired, on the road, after an injury, in an unfamiliar place. The leading symptom of this psychosis is delusional ideas of persecution.

It seems to the patient in this state that people are conspiring against him and his family, trying to kill or torture him in sophisticated ways. In an attempt to escape, a person often attacks the "pursuer" first or tries to commit suicide. In a state of delusional psychosis, patients are afraid of being poisoned, so they begin to refuse the medicine. Under the influence of delusional ideas, people cease to perceive reality.

In 10% of cases of such alcoholic psychosis, delusions of jealousy are observed. With reproaches of his wife for infidelity, marital relations are cooled, and the alcoholic begins to believe that his wife has taken a lover. Adding to the delusional mood is the fact that most alcoholics are impotent. Of course, they blame their wives for their troubles, and it is simply impossible to convince an alcoholic that he is wrong.

Alcoholic pseudoparalysis

Persons who use alcohol surrogates for a long time often develop pseudoparalysis. This disease occurs against the background of alcoholism with an eating disorder with beriberi and metabolic disorders. Such patients begin to degrade intellectually, they are in a state of euphoria and complacency, not noticing their own miscalculations and mistakes. There is a complete reassessment of the personality and because of this, the alcoholic develops delusions of grandeur, which can be very difficult to cure.

Then the mental activity of patients begins to decline, delusional experiences and hallucinations weaken, and patients become indifferent and lethargic.

Neurological symptoms of pseudoparalysis:

poor pupillary response;
pain in the limbs;
dysarthric speech;
tremor of fingers;
tendon reflex disorders.

It is very important to treat pseudoparalysis before the development of neurological symptoms.

Alcoholic encephalopathy

Encephalopathy in chronic or acute forms occurs in people with a long history of drinking alcohol: mostly surrogates, strong wines and vodka. This psychosis is observed in chronic or binge alcoholics who abuse alcohol frequently and in large quantities. Alcoholic encephalopathy is characterized by neurological and somatic disorders.

A person with alcoholic encephalopathy has hypovitaminosis, metabolic disorders, a lack of thymine, which is aggravated by a violation of the normal functioning of the liver and leads to a rapid deterioration in brain activity, which is almost impossible to cure. With encephalopathy, the patient has an imbalance of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine.

Hemorrhagic polyencephalitis

Among acute psychoses, the main place is occupied by Wernicke's disease or hemorrhagic polyencephalitis. This is a rather complex disease that combines neurological, mental and somatic disorders based on degenerative and destructive processes.

In people suffering from this psychosis, tremors, sleep disturbances, oculomotor disorders, dysarthria, as well as loss of respiratory, pharyngeal, sneezing and palatine reflexes are noted.

Mental disorders are manifested by a state of mutilating or professional delirium with very strong excitement. This state can end in a stun.

Signs of hemorrhagic polyencephalitis:

breathing quickens;
arterial pressure;
the liver is painful and enlarged;
liquid stool;
hypotension of the muscles of the extremities;
muscle twitches.

The likelihood of death is very high.

Alcoholic depression

Alcoholic depression as an independent disease is very rare. It can last from several days to several weeks. A person in this state feels irritability and longing, he accuses his surroundings of being insensitive to himself, while he acutely feels his guilt and inferiority.

This psychosis is characterized by mood swings. In this case, the patient may experience anxiety, dysphoria, tearfulness. Suicidal thoughts appear, therefore, a patient in this state must be constantly monitored. This can happen both after drinking and during it.

Dipsomania in alcoholism

Dipsomania is manifested in a person by the desire for hard drinking - prolonged drunkenness. This type of psychosis occurs in patients suffering from epilepsy, endocrine psychosyndrome, manic depression. Prolonged drunkenness can last up to 3 weeks, starting during a long abstinence from alcoholic beverages. It also ends suddenly, and a person may develop an aversion to alcohol.

An attack of dipsomania usually occurs after a sleep disturbance or some other moments that deplete the body of an alcoholic. Against this background, alcoholic psychosis can develop very rapidly and painfully.

Antabuse psychosis

In the treatment of alcoholism with the drug teturam (disulfiram, antabuse), antabuse psychosis is a serious complication. Too high doses of this drug or the sensitivity of the human body to it due to the organic inferiority of the nervous system, chronic alcohol intoxication or head trauma often lead to very severe psychosis. This psychosis has 3 stages of development.

The prodromal (first) stage lasts from several days to several weeks, and it is characterized by drowsiness, dizziness, sleep disturbance, lethargy in the patient, depressed mood, and an unpleasant sensation in the heart area.

At the height of the disease, there are several options for development:

with paranoid and hallucinatory-paranoid mental disorders;
with a confused mind;
with a manic state.

At the last stage of this psychosis, lethargy, weakness, emotional lability predominate. The patient does not remember well his condition, which was in the acute period of the disease. The duration of psychosis can last up to 2 months.

Antabuse psychosis has a high proportion of suicides. Their reasons are different: sometimes suicide attempts occur due to affective fluctuations in alcohol intoxication, sometimes with personal characteristics, and in some cases with different life situations.

The frequency of suicides depends entirely on the degree of degradation of the patient. More often, suicide is committed by patients with a fully preserved intellect, and not by the feeble-minded. Very often the cause of such actions is a conflict in the family. There are quite frequent cases when, due to the actions of a patient with delusions of jealousy, several people suffer: the alleged rival, spouse, children of the patient. Usually, suicidal acts are committed by an alcoholic during an affective outburst in a state of depression.

Thanks for the feedback

Comments

Megan92 () 2 weeks ago

Has anyone managed to save her husband from alcoholism? Mine drinks without drying up, I don’t know what to do ((I thought of getting a divorce, but I don’t want to leave the child without a father, and I feel sorry for my husband, he’s a great person when he doesn’t drink

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I have already tried so many things and only after reading this article, I managed to wean my husband from alcohol, now he doesn’t drink at all, even on holidays.

Megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

Megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their markup brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

Alcoholic psychosis is a mental disorder that is observed in patients on the background of alcohol consumption. Often, the first signs of deviation manifest themselves in the second stage of the disease and may change with the course of the disease. In this regard, the very phenomenon of alcoholic psychosis in psychiatry has several subspecies, which differ from each other in their manifestations. Let us consider in more detail what kind of pathology it is, find out what symptoms are observed in this case, and find out how the disease should be treated.

Reasons for development

Alcoholic psychosis usually occurs as a result of long-term consumption of appropriate drinks. The reason is also a metabolic failure. True, a long experience in alcoholism is not at all necessary for the development of psychosis. If you try to derive a general list of the causes of this disorder, then it will include the following factors:

Prolonged use of alcohol.
The presence of a hereditary predisposition of the body.
Social environment along with living conditions.

The category of social environment should be understood not only as a constant presence among drinking individuals, but also as general mass tendencies. Due to the emergence of a fashion for the use of energy alcoholic drinks, a large number of people become susceptible to the disease of alcoholism. But it should be noted that the development of alcoholic psychosis due to inappropriate social environment is a less common case. Often the cause of disorders in the human psyche is a drunken form of alcoholism or the presence of a predisposition to it at the genetic level.

What are the symptoms of alcoholic psychosis?

It is rather difficult to give a single list of symptoms, since each of its subspecies has its own distinctive features. Depending on the stage, the patient has the following clinic of alcoholic psychosis:

The appearance of disturbances in the rhythm of sleep. This may be accompanied by persistent insomnia or interrupted and restless sleep.
The development of a depressed state.
The appearance of emotional apathy.
Observation of instability in mood. At the same time, in a person’s behavior, one can notice anxiety, depression, aggression or irritability, which can change abruptly to another state for no reason.
The appearance of hallucinations.

The manifestation of the latter symptom is typical only for certain types of alcoholic psychosis. In order to understand exactly which stage certain signs belong to, we will study them in more detail.

What is the disease like?

As mentioned above, this type of psychosis is a violation of the patient's behavior due to excessive alcohol consumption. True, depending on the alcoholic stage and the duration of the pathology, one of its subspecies is implied. Varieties include delirium tremens, alcoholic hallucinosis, depression, epilepsy, paranoia, and delusions of jealousy.

The symptoms of alcoholic psychosis are difficult to confuse.

Development of delirium tremens

Delirium tremens is popularly called any mental disorder as a result of alcoholism. In medicine, this type of psychosis is called delirium tremens.

It is characterized by a difficult to tolerate withdrawal syndrome against the background of attempts to abruptly stop drinking alcohol or a long abstinence of a person from contact with alcohol. This subspecies of psychosis manifests itself in disturbed sleep of the patient, and a person may also have an increase in general nervousness and irritability, which in combination will lead to the occurrence of visual hallucinations.

The appearance of alcoholic hallucinosis

This subspecies of alcoholic psychosis develops against the background of a severe withdrawal syndrome for a person, as well as as a result of a long-term binge drinking. The main feature that is characteristic of this type of disorder is the manifestation of auditory hallucinations in the patient, often combined with a special phenomenon - delusions of dangerous persecution.

What other symptoms and course of alcoholic psychosis are there?

Development of alcoholic depression

As part of the course of a withdrawal syndrome that is strong in its power, a person develops a condition that can be characterized by alcoholic depression. In this case, the patient will be in a depressed mood, and, in addition, he will be overcome by thoughts of self-destruction. Against this background, bouts of tears can also constantly occur. Often this condition is combined with a persecution mania or all sorts of conspiracies. The development of alcoholic depression is considered by experts to be one of the most dangerous conditions, since it can even lead a person to suicide.

What can chronic alcoholic psychosis lead to?

Development of alcoholic epilepsy

At this stage, pathology manifests itself not only in the mood of the patient, but also in changes in the physical capabilities and functions of the body. Against the background of alcoholic epilepsy, the patient may be tormented by severe convulsive seizures. Such seizures are especially strong immediately after a sharp refusal to take alcoholic beverages before the onset of withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms and treatment of alcoholic psychosis are interrelated.

Quite often, epilepsy manifests itself as a deterioration in the general condition against the background of delirium tremens. There were also cases in which, on the contrary, seizures occurred when the patient was in a state of extreme intoxication. First aid in the development of such seizures, as a rule, does not differ from the standard algorithm of actions and techniques for epilepsy.

Convulsions occur after the cessation of libations, which negatively affects the possibility of treatment. But with a sufficient period of abstinence from alcohol, seizures can pass on their own without the return of another epilepsy.

Alcoholic paranoid

A mental disorder, which is called, develops in patients during the experience of a strong withdrawal syndrome, and also due to prolonged incessant drinking. With its onset, a person is overcome by a strong delirium, the essence of which, as a rule, is in the formation of an idea related to persecution or adultery. In such a situation, patients are able in every person who is nearby to consider their personal enemy, who encroaches on their property or honor.

Patients in a state of alcoholic paranoia are confused and even somewhat frightened most of the time. But such a mood can be abruptly replaced by aggression or animal fear, which may be accompanied by flight, attacks on people or requests for all kinds of help addressed to law enforcement agencies.

The appearance of alcoholic delirium of jealousy

Staying in in most situations is typical only for male patients. With women, such a violation of the psyche occurs quite rarely. In addition, it was noted that this subspecies of psychosis has its own age group. It predominantly occurs in men who have reached the age of forty years and above.

This violation manifests itself in the form of dissatisfaction with the attitude of the second half. In particular, the spouse can be accused of coldness and inattention. Against this background, the patient begins to think that the spouse is actively communicating with a person of the opposite sex. In such a state, suspicions of infidelity arise extremely quickly, and any men who are next to a woman can be considered as candidates for lovers. At the same time, the patient perceives relatives as accomplices covering his wife's infidelity.

As soon as the alcoholic delusion of jealousy arises, the person becomes suspicious and overly aggressive. This can be especially true for his wife. The patient will be annoyed by the behavior, and, in addition, the appearance of the second half, he will begin to control her movement along with the social circle. The patient's mood can change dramatically to aggressive behavior, up to cases of assault.

The varieties of psychosis described above form the basic base, but do not provide an exhaustive list of all types of the disorder presented. Also, each of the above conditions has two forms of flow: acute and chronic. Chronic alcoholic type of psychosis often occurs with a constant drunken nature of the disease. The acute form is characteristic of a state of abrupt cessation of alcohol intake and the development of an abstinence syndrome.

Alcoholic psychosis: treatment

Symptoms, and in addition, the treatment of any mental disorder, including alcohol, are closely related. Depending on the stage of development of the disease, the scheme for withdrawing the patient from binge along with the intensity of the course will change. What needs to be done first? Let's find out below.

The best treatment for alcoholic psychosis is a combination of infusion therapy with psychotropic drugs along with nootropic drugs and a course of vitamins. In order to avoid any complications, treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting, where each drug will be strictly dosed by trained and qualified personnel.

The consequences of the prolonged development of alcoholic psychosis can be different. Depending on the type of this or that disorder, the patient can be dangerous for himself, and in addition, for the people around him. There are frequent situations when, in a state of alcoholic psychosis, others received serious injuries, which subsequently led to death.

In this regard, the manifestation of any change in the behavior of the patient should be taken carefully and responsibly. The sooner treatment is started, the sooner it will be possible to eliminate the disorder. Of course, getting rid of the disease will not play any role if the abuse of harmful drinks is not stopped.

What to do with acute alcoholic psychosis?

What measures are taken during treatment?

To develop the necessary treatment tactics, first, specialists need to correctly diagnose the patient's condition. For these purposes, as a rule, to begin with, they invite a narcologist to the house. Further therapy occurs according to the following scheme:

At the initial stage, the patient receives drugs that help get rid of toxins. Medical means allow with minimal loss to the body to remove the products of ethanol metabolism.
Further, the implementation of the restoration of water and electrolyte balance is carried out along with the correction of metabolic disorders.
In parallel, if the patient's condition allows, he is treated for concomitant diseases, and, in addition, measures are developed related to the prevention of complications.
Rehabilitation of the patient requires not only the pharmacological type of support, but also psychological assistance.

Drugs for the treatment of the disease

As part of the treatment of alcoholic psychosis, the following groups of pharmacological agents are used:

For detoxification, electrolyte solutions are administered along with glucose and magnesium sulfate.
Diuretic drugs.
Among enterosorbents, Rekitsen-RD and Enterosgel are used.
It is advisable to use sedatives, and in more severe cases, antidepressants are used in the form of Afobazole and Cipralex.
Antioxidants in the treatment are "Glycine" with "Limonar" and "Yantavit".
Hepatoprotectors are: "Hepatofalk" along with "Silibinin" and "Gepabene".
Of the tranquilizers, Bromazepam is used with Diazepam.
Antipsychotics such as Clozapine are also used along with Droperidol and Methophenazine.
Nootropics are also used, for example, Piracetam with Gutamin and Euclidan.
Equally important is the use of vitamin complexes of groups B, C, K and PP.

What is the prognosis for alcoholic psychosis?

The consequences of this pathology

It is not always possible for people addicted to alcohol to recover from a psychosis. The most common consequences that develop even against the background of refusal to drink alcohol are the following negative signs:

A marked decrease in mental faculties.
Difficulty remembering new information and, as a result, problems with memory.
Patients observe simple and primitive mental activity.
Complete or partial disability.
Pronounced degradation of personality.
Psychosis becomes chronic.
Alcoholic epilepsy develops.

Thus, the disease is an extremely serious disorder of mental activity, which requires not only timely treatment, but also a guaranteed rejection of alcoholic beverages.

We reviewed the symptoms, course and prognosis of alcoholic psychosis.

A pathological change in the mental state of a person due to alcohol is called alcoholic psychosis. The disease develops as a result of prolonged use of alcoholic beverages, and becomes pronounced after 3-5 years. Violation and disorder of the psyche occurs as a result of constant poisoning of the body. There are several types of alcoholic psychoses. Each stage has its own symptoms and signs of development. However, at the initial stage of alcoholism, psychoses are excluded.

Metal-alcoholic psychosis - what is it?

The general name of the stages of such psychoses is called metal-alcohol psychoses, which occur as a result of long-term use of alcoholic beverages. Symptoms in this case are most pronounced not during the period of alcohol consumption, but after a sharp rejection of it. This happens due to a number of somatic and vegetative-vascular disorders in the body, entailing irreversible disorders in the psyche and consciousness of the patient. It is possible to establish a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment only after a series of tests and examinations by a narcologist.

The treatment of alcoholic psychosis includes the following activities:

Body detoxification
Restoration of water-salt balance in the body
Psychological trainings
The course of restoration of vital organs that are most susceptible to alcohol influence

If the patient refuses treatment and continues to drink alcohol, psychoses can go into an acute stage, in which such a person becomes dangerous to society. Metal-alcoholic psychosis is also characterized by manifestations of hallucinations and delusions with a complete loss of control over consciousness.

Stages of alcoholic psychosis

The first stage of alkopsychosis is characterized by a violation of the sleep phase or its complete absence. The disease proceeds with a change in the emotional background, expressed by an elevated or depressed state, accompanied by anger and aggression. At the second and third stages, alcoholic psychosis is expressed by visual hallucinations. At this stage, the patient begins to see things that do not correspond to reality. He is in a state of derealization.

The disease can give special feelings to the alcohol addict, in which hallucinogenic manifestations can be accompanied by sound and olfactory signs. With the transition to chronic alcoholic psychosis, the patient is characterized by mental retardation and delusional disorders, and hallucinations and delusions often occur with remission and a form of exacerbation.

In general, the following stages of this disease are determined:

delirium;
hallucinosis;
delirium on the background of alcoholic psychosis;
pseudoparalysis;
alcoholic encephalopathy;
dipsomania;
depression;
paranoid;
hemorrhagic polyencephalitis;
antabuse psychosis.

Note:

If timely treatment is not started, the acute stage of alcoholic psychosis can last from a couple of weeks to several months.

Causes and symptoms of alcoholic psychosis

The disease manifests itself in each person in different ways, and may depend on the psychological state of the patient. Manifestations are expressed most clearly on. Symptoms of alcoholic psychosis with the individual qualities of the patient may be as follows:

Insomnia;
Trembling in limbs;
anxiety state;
restlessness;
Emotional decline or rise;
obsessive states;
dilated pupils;
Partial memory loss;
state of stupor;
Apathy and indifference;
Aggression, bullshit.

The most common causes of psychosis are causation, excessive, uncontrolled drinking for 3-5 years, and social and living conditions of the drinker. This time and conditions are sufficient for the complete destruction of all internal organs of a person.

Consequences of alcoholic psychosis

It is difficult for a person who has undergone alcoholic psychosis to return to his former full-fledged life. A complete rejection of alcohol is not able to affect the development of pathological changes in the body, in which alcoholic psychosis is characterized by such consequences as:

mental retardation;
forgetfulness;
confusion of thoughts;
pronounced degradation of the personality;
the transition of psychosis to a chronic state;
increasing alcoholic epilepsy.

The main consequences of alcoholic psychosis of all possible are the complete loss of mental abilities and loss of interest in life. During such periods, a person has a special tendency to suicide.

Note:

Psychoses in alcoholics develop not because of the action of alcohol, but because of metabolic disorders and products that are obtained as a result of the breakdown of alcohol.

Treatment of alcoholic psychoses

It is possible to eliminate the acute manifestation of signs of psychosis (both alcoholic and methalcohol) only within the walls of a drug treatment clinic. Patients will be given an individual approach, taking into account their mental state. The treatment of alcoholic psychosis consists of the following activities:

Decreased by drug treatment.
metabolic recovery.
Psychological approach, correction of consciousness.
Comprehensive treatment of disorders of internal organs.
Breathing exercises.
elimination of hypoxemia.
Recovery of psychomotor.
Therapeutic approach to the elimination of somatic pathologies.

If an attack of alcoholic psychosis caught a patient at home, it is required first of all to call a brigade of orderlies, without informing the patient himself. The medical team will place the drinker in a hospital where he will undergo a rehabilitation course. To stop psychomotor excitability, such drugs without an opioid series as phenazepam, glycine can be used independently. At milder stages, it is possible to use nootropics and neuroleptics to reduce cravings for alcohol and suppress the withdrawal syndrome, which turns into a stage of mental complications.

Attention!

The information in the article is for informational purposes only and is not an instruction for use. Consult with your physician.