Effect of smoking on embryonic development. The effect of smoking on pregnancy

The effect of nicotine on the human body statistics show well: seven out of ten people smoke, which is why the number of deaths from tobacco is growing. Smoking is a bad habit that kills the body after a while.

For many, this is a way to relax or show off to peers.

Effect on the body

Nicotine is the main ingredient in cigarettes. This substance, when smoked, affects the condition nerve centers, expanding for a while the vessels. This gives rise to a sense of satisfaction. But this effect lasts two to three minutes, after which the vessels narrow.

Because of this, a toxic blow is felt on oneself - respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and smokers are more likely than non-smokers to have persistent vasoconstriction.

1 mg per 1 kg of body - for a person. In practice, this will happen if a person smokes 20 cigarettes at one time.

Prolonged abuse leads to such a disease as nicotinism. This is a constant poisoning of the body, which eventually turns into chronic form and causes psychological and physical dependence.

Because of this, experienced smokers fail to get involved with their "favorite" process. Indeed, with prolonged non-use of nicotine, a person has a desire to smoke a couple of cigarettes, and vivid pictures and images associated with smoking appear before his eyes. This phenomenon is called brittle, because it will affect the condition and work nervous system.

There are other additional factors:

depression;
mood swings;
aggressiveness
sleep problems;
rapid fatigue;
increased appetite.

Physical dependence is manifested in the fact that the smoker begins:

frequent drops in blood pressure;
dry mouth;
dry or wet cough;
darkening in the eyes;
dizziness;
excessive sweating.

Mental and physical addiction formed per year.

Smoking is the main cause of oncological diseases respiratory tract. The formation of a tumor causes the substance benopyrene. He main source radioactive element - polonium, which destroys bone and cartilage tissue.

Test for smokers

How nicotine affects the body

What is the effect of nicotine on human health? IN pure form Nicotine is a clear oily liquid that has a pungent, tart taste. Nicotine is equated to hydrocyanic acids.

Scientists have determined that the content of one cigarette kills a mouse. Nicotine can cause muscle paralysis. According to doctors, smokers with experience in the blood have a small amount of adrenaline and norepinephrine.

When smoking, substances such as:

resins. They have the ability in some quantity and color them black.
Aromatic compounds that are in a bound form with oxygen and pose a threat to the body. Such a compound is benzopyrene. He is terrible carcinogen causing cancer.
Carbon monoxide. Even from school chemistry lessons, many people know that this gas interacts with a blood protein - hemoglobin. As a result, the compound carboxyhemoglobin is formed, which provokes the occurrence of blood clots and leads to oxygen starvation of blood vessels.
Cyanides, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and tar - this is a list of substances dangerous to the body. Such a "wonderful set" is given to those who smoked one cigarette.

The ingress of these substances with smoke into the oral cavity at a temperature of about 55-60 degrees dries out the mucous membrane and damages it. protective function. Tar remains on the surface of the teeth and leads to yellowing, and eventually to their destruction. Some of these substances dissolve in saliva.

Toxins enter the digestive system and lead to disruption of its work, destroy the microflora and provoke the appearance of ulcers.

Nicotine increases cholesterol levels and further becomes the main cause of heart failure and atherosclerosis. In most cases, resins accumulate in the vessels, which leads to their inflammation, and eventually to their necrosis.

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Impact on the development of the human embryo

Impact tobacco smoke the child is still in the womb. And even if she doesn't smoke, the development of the fetus remains huge.

In the first case, a young mother feeds her baby with toxic fumes, which consist of most of the 4000 compounds. In the second, besides her an extra portion harmful substances, resins and toxins, a newborn child receives "as a gift" from smoking relatives.

Nicotine interferes with passage through the placenta nutrients which impairs fetal development. Due to the presence of nicotine and other toxins in the circulatory system, nutrients will be used by the body not to build new tissues and cells, but to neutralize cyanide.

Because of this, the fetus will receive a meager amount of nutrients, and during pregnancy its weight will decrease, and the organs will lag behind in development.

Smoking deprives the embryo of oxygen. Because of what, there are problems and delays in the development of most organs.

Due to insufficient supply of oxygen, the brain slows down in development. Because of this, the metabolic process is disrupted. In such cases, it is recommended to eat food that has vitamins and minerals.

What is the effect of nicotine on the development of the human fetus? The fact that nicotine is main reason intrauterine fetal death, premature birth and miscarriages! There are also cases when, due to the effect of nicotine on the fetus, the embryo itself receives external deformities, such as splitting of the lip, palate, and many other external anomalies.

Nicotine leaves its mark on embryonic period and on the development of the boy's body. The main reason for this is that it has the ability to interact with male hormone- testosterone, and this leads to disturbances in the formation musculoskeletal system. Such defects include the absence of some phalanges of the fingers or even the formation of extra ones.

Main consequences of exposure

Newborns whose mothers are mentally behind their peers, and at birth have a small head circumference and problems with the nervous system.

This is due to the fact that nicotine reduces the absorption of certain groups of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. After birth, such children experience increased excitability, sleep problems, and others.

Due to damage to internal organs in the embryonic period, in the future, the child has a violation mental capacity, weak physical form and problems with immunity. Most children born to mothers who smoke were either birth defects, or with a disposition to their appearance.

According to many studies, children whose mothers have an emotional retardation, they have cerebral palsy, mental disorders, schizophrenia, memory problems and other features of cerebral palsy. This affects the child's performance psycho-emotional state and on his general state health.

When a mother is exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, she develops arterial pressure. Because of what, the blood supply to the brain and other body systems is disrupted in the embryo.

As a result, even in the embryonic period, the child begins to experience deviations in the functioning of some organs, and after birth, these disorders become more complicated and progress. In a few studies, scientists have noticed a link between the birth of a child by a smoking mother and the development of Down syndrome in him.

Geneticists have found that smoking can cause mutations in chromosomes. Because of what, during development, the child has a chance to get a “poor-quality” piece of DNA. Because of this, the chance of developing a disease increases.

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Threat to the reproductive system

In most cases, women who smoke develop hormonal disorders and dysfunction. Because of this, the reproductive capacity of a woman is reduced significantly. Women who smoke are more likely to have premenstrual syndrome. And even during menstruation, the chance and frequency of the appearance of pain increases.

Compared to non-smokers, women are more likely to experience menstrual cycle. Most studies show a relationship between the number of cigarettes per day and the degree of complications that develop over time.

In contrast to the notion that smoking helps you relax, many studies show that the effects of nicotine on the central nervous system lead to:

Increased production of stress hormones.
Decrease in the production of hormones that are responsible for the functioning of the reproductive system.
The production of a hormone, which in medicine is called follicle-stimulating, decreases. He is responsible for normal development follicle in the ovaries.
Decreased production of prolactin. This is a hormone that is responsible for the growth of the mammary glands and the implementation of lactation.
Increased production of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which in some cases provoke involuntary uterine contractions and vascular contractions.

Tobacco smoke creates toxic effect on the ovaries. It binds and interacts with polycyclic carbohydrates, which leads to disruption of the ovary, and eventually to its death.

And in the body of smokers, special changes occur, such as:

the erection, quantity, and intensity of sexual acts decreases;
erectile dysfunction appears;
is coming.

According to modern research, in 80% of cases, smoking is considered the cause of impotence. Under the influence of nicotine and other toxic substances, the quality of sperm production deteriorates. erectile function decreases depending on the amount of nicotine in the body.

Digestion gets hit

The smoke passes through the esophagus and into the stomach. nicotine, ammonia, various kinds acids and others toxic substances enter the acidic environment of the stomach and interact with the mucous membrane.

Smokers with an experience of 5 years are more likely to develop chronic gastritis or pancreatitis. And these types of diseases are more severe than non-smokers.

Frequent smoking complicates the process of moving food through the intestines, which reduces appetite and impairs digestion. Because of this, there is a myth that smoking helps you lose weight.

Smoking affects the peristalsis of the stomach and thereby disrupts the process of secretion of juices and leads to spasms, constipation, periodic pain in the stomach, nausea and diarrhea.

In many cases, smoking becomes the main cause of such a disease as gastroenteritis. Toxic substances, entering the body, affect the valve that connects the esophagus to the stomach. And this, in turn, will lead to unpleasant consequences.

The acid produced in the stomach will begin to enter the esophagus. This process will end with such injuries that will have to be treated throughout life.

An ulcer is a disease that occurs due to bacterial infections, frequent use of aspirin, ibuprofen and smoking. Nicotine and others toxic substances from cigarettes will worsen the situation and promote prolonged healing of wounds.

Smoking can trigger Crohn's disease. This is bloating of the intestine, which is accompanied by acute, cutting pains and diarrhea.

Both alcohol and smoking leave an imprint on the functioning of the liver. There are diseases such as cholecystitis, hepatitis, and even cirrhosis. Smokers are at risk for gallstone disease.

Effect on the cardiovascular system

The second system of the body after the respiratory system, which is hit by tobacco smoke, is the cardiovascular system. Nicotine and other toxins come from respiratory system in the vessels and through the heart are carried throughout the body. Because of this, vascular and heart diseases in smokers appear more often than in others.

Smoking is the main cause of chronic hypoxemia. The vessels of the heart spasm and collapse from the influence tobacco tar. Such processes cause the heart to contract more often and consume oxygen, which already enters the body. not enough. So it comes oxygen starvation, which weakens the heart and other systems of the body as a whole.

Another adverse effect of smoking is increased blood clotting. It provokes the frequent formation of blood clots in the vessels, such blood clots come off and cause heart attacks or strokes.

They can get into other organs and worsen blood circulation in them. Or a blood clot will clog the vessels in the limb and cause it to become numb (even amputation is possible for experienced smokers).

Nicotine weakens the heart system. It reduces the amount of the hormone prostacyclin, which is why it easily affects cell membranes.

A decrease in the amount of this hormone leads to the occurrence of certain diseases of the cardiovascular system. The occurrence of atherosclerosis coronary disease, tachycardia, heart attacks and other diseases will cause sudden death.

Tobacco smoke affects the blood, blood vessels and heart by the presence of toxins that are harmful to health. How earlier man get rid of addiction, the more likely it is to maintain the cardiovascular system in working condition.

And in the future, you will not have to spend many years on restoring health. After all, even two or three days after a person quit smoking, the heart system feels relieved, and over time it recovers.

brain reaction

The nervous system is a fragile part of the body. And the effect on her adverse factors can worsen a person's condition.

The brain consumes a lot of energy. In relation to the whole organism, it consumes 25% of the total energy. Unlike muscles and other organs, it is not able to store nutrients, glucose and glycogen.

Glucose is the main source of energy. It enters the brain through blood vessels. At this stage, the negative effects of nicotine are manifested.

When smoking, blood vessels expand for a while, because of which a person feels an influx of strength and an improvement in mood. But through short span time this action disappears, and tobacco smoke causes blood vessels to constrict.

Because of this, the brain and nerves receive a limited amount of glucose and oxygen. He begins to starve, memory deteriorates and frequent headaches appear.

Due to hypoxia, the brain and the entire nervous system suffer. Transmission deteriorates nerve impulses, in most cases this is typical for smokers with experience. After all, the degree of deterioration in the transmission of nerve impulses depends on the number of cigarettes.

The use of cigarettes leads to neuritis, polyneuritis, sciatica. Suffers in smokers and higher nervous activity.

Due to frequent smoking, a person becomes irritable, and he develops a severe character. Smoking causes many nervous disorders.

Smoking has a negative effect on the human brain, and it cannot be eliminated with the help of other factors or made harmless. The only one effective method to save your health is to quit smoking as soon as possible.

To quickly improve the condition of the body, it is recommended to give up tobacco. After all, the elasticity of blood vessels will be restored in 2-4 weeks. Oxygen and nutrients will be supplied to the brain and other organs in normal amounts. And for the treatment of other injuries you will need a long period.

The effect of nicotine on the human body

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Of course, everyone has heard about the dangers of smoking. However, the number of smokers, unfortunately, is not decreasing. Moreover, you can often see a future mother with a cigarette. But she is responsible not only for own life, but also for the health of the baby, which is under the heart. Let's see how smoking affects early pregnancy, what it can lead to.

Read in this article

What enters the body during smoking

Smoking negatively affects the state of all human systems and organs. From this destructive habit spoils appearance skin, teeth, circulatory, respiratory, digestive system, brain.

When cigarette smoke enters a woman's body, toxic substances also enter the child, and in high concentrations. An unformed embryo cannot withstand harmful effects.

Each cigarette contains the following hazardous substances:

nicotine;
resins;
carbon monoxide;
carcinogenic substances;
methane;
cadmium;
hexamine;
benzapyrene;
acetic acid;
butane;
arsenic;
methanol;
stearic acid;
ammonia;
toluene;
dye.

Some heavy smokers believe that simply reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day is enough to clear their conscience. In fact, even 1-2 cigarettes daily have a detrimental effect.

What happens when a pregnant woman smokes

What is the danger of smoking early dates pregnancy? When a woman inhales cigarette smoke, a vasospasm occurs in the fetus, which provokes oxygen starvation. The child begins to choke. That is why women who smoke often give birth to premature babies weighing less than 2.5 kg. Other parameters (length, circumference chest and head) also indicate a developmental delay in the baby.

Possible consequences of smoking when carrying a child

The consequences of smoking in early pregnancy for a child can be as follows:

premature birth;
lagging behind the child in physical, mental development;
intrauterine pathologies;
child's difficulty with perception new information lag in the school curriculum;
allergic problems;
frequent colds.

Of course, gravity possible consequences depends on the frequency of smoking. However, even a few cigarettes a day can harm the fetus.

Smoking in the first trimester

The most dangerous is the effect of smoking on pregnancy in the early stages. If conception occurs spontaneously, not planned, the woman continues to lead a normal life, without giving up addictions.

Immediately after conception, the fetus is not yet protected by the placenta, so smoking can cause the greatest harm. It is in the early stages that all organs and systems of the embryo are formed. And with external negative impact failure may occur, which subsequently manifests itself in pathology skeletal system, heart and other organs.

To eliminate smoking in early pregnancy before the delay, you need to give up cigarettes at the stage of conception planning.

Smoking in the second and third trimesters

In late pregnancy, smoking can also lead to fetal abnormalities. Increases the likelihood of premature maturation of the placenta, early delivery.

If the expectant mother smokes about 5-10 cigarettes per day, the risk increases. This pathology accompanied profuse bleeding in a woman in labor, the child during this period suffers from acute oxygen starvation. IN urgent order carried out surgical intervention, while the risk of fetal death from lack of oxygen is quite high.

Silly myths about smoking during pregnancy

There are many different opinions about the influence cigarette smoke on the course of pregnancy, on intrauterine development of the fetus. If a woman cannot find the strength to quit smoking, she clings to excuses and continues to poison herself and her child with smoke.

Myth 1. Quitting smoking abruptly is harmful to the health of the fetus. When a woman refuses cigarettes, her body begins to cleanse itself of toxins. This process also affects the child, causing harm to his body. Everything is so, however, continuing to smoke for a baby is much worse than giving up a bad habit.

Myth 2. Quality cigarettes will not harm the child. In fact, expensive cigarettes contain flavors that make the smoke more “tasty”. The damage is the same.

Myth 3. Lighter cigarettes are not as dangerous. Indeed, light cigarettes contain less tar and nicotine, but the smoker, unbeknownst to himself, smokes large quantity cigarettes to reach the usual concentration of nicotine in the blood.

Myth 4. Feeling great is a sign of the norm. Some women think that the most important thing is good health. If the expectant mother does not experience inconvenience, discomfort, then everything is in order in her body, and the child is not harmed. This is wrong. External signs violations prenatal development may not be at all.

Watch the video about the effects of smoking in early pregnancy:

Marijuana and its effect on fetal development

Smoking marijuana in early pregnancy, during conception, disrupts the process of movement of the embryo from fallopian tubes into the uterus. Because of this, abortion often occurs. If, nevertheless, fertilization has occurred, but the woman continues to smoke weed, she may be pursued frequent vomiting, which seriously disrupt the nutrition of the fetus.

Among the most common consequences for a child are:

fetal growth retardation;
attention disorder in a child;
visual impairment;
problems with the nervous system;
hyperactivity;
irritability;
cognitive deficit;
underdevelopment of social interactions;
decline reproductive ability in boys;
increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

If a woman conquered her weaknesses and quit smoking as soon as she found out about the onset of pregnancy, the risks of developing pathologies are minimal. The main thing is to lead healthy lifestyle life, more often to be on fresh air, adjust the diet.

Of course, there are women who, despite smoking, give birth to healthy and fully developed children. However, the harm of smoking during pregnancy has been scientifically proven, so endangering your own is not born child in the hope that it is you who is lucky, stupid and dangerous.

How does the addiction of the future mother affect the health of the child and what threatens him with every cigarette smoked by his mother?

Smoking is a bad habit. Therefore, many women who are carrying a child find the strength to give up cigarettes. But, unfortunately, more of those whose nicotine addiction turns out to be stronger than desire give birth healthy baby.

Doctors use the term "fetal tobacco syndrome" to assess the impact of maternal smoking on the fetus. What is the risk of a pregnant woman and how the consequences of smoking cigarettes affect her child?

21 facts about the dangers of smoking during pregnancy

The placenta of a smoking pregnant woman is thinner.
Women who smoke during pregnancy have an increased risk of placental abruption, massive heart attack and presentation.
Maternal smoking provokes oxygen starvation of the fetus and, as a result, a delay in its intrauterine development.
In women who smoked during pregnancy, cases of intrauterine fetal death are not uncommon. Early miscarriages are 1.7 times more common than in non-smokers.
Smoking is fraught with sudden death syndrome in a newborn, and the risk of death of a child increases by 2.5 times.
The onset of preterm labor is directly dependent on the number of cigarettes a woman smokes daily.
The amount of carbon monoxide in the blood of the fetus is 10-15 times greater than that of a smoking mother.
During smoking, the body enters radioactive isotope polonium, which can affect the germ cells that are forming in the fetus, especially female ones.
Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous because one of the most toxic alkaloids, the nerve agent nicotine, and another nerve agent, benzidine, penetrates to the fetus. They accumulate in nervous tissue unborn child, in his heart, kidneys and tonsils.
Smoking during pregnancy provokes the birth of premature babies.
Children born to smoking women are characterized by a slowdown in physical, intellectual and emotional development. Compared to children born to non-smoking mothers, they begin to read and count later.
Smoking a pregnant woman can cause her to have a spontaneous abortion.
Nicotine addiction is one of the reasons for the birth of children with heart defects.
A smoking mother runs the risk that every cigarette smoked adversely affects the process of laying and developing the neural tube of the unborn child, leading to the birth of anencephaly, babies with congenital anomalies mental development, with a cleft palate and cleft lip.
Smoking during pregnancy contributes to the appearance of defects in the fingers of extremities in newborns: the absence of fingers, fused or extra fingers or toes.
Toxic effect nicotine on the unborn child is one of the causes of Down's disease. His bad influence increases with the age of the expectant mother.
Smoking significantly reduces the ability of a pregnant woman's body to absorb B vitamins, vitamin C and folic acid. Their deficiency is reflected in the violation of the development of the central nervous system of the fetus.
Newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are characterized by reduced adaptive capabilities. These children are at higher risk various diseases.
Maternal smoking increases the risk of cancerous tumors at the fetus.
Women who smoke are 2.2 times more likely to have babies weighing less than 2,500 grams.
Children born to smoking mothers most often suffer from diseases of the respiratory system. There is a risk that in the early stages of life they may stop breathing when re-breathing tobacco smoke.
Smoking during pregnancy is a dubious pleasure. It can cost the life of an unborn child. Perhaps the birth of a new life in a woman's body will add her willpower to get rid of addiction and quit smoking?

Only one cigarette smoked during pregnancy causes
20-30 minute spasm uterine vessels with deceleration
uteroplacental circulation.

Expert: Galina Filippova, general practitioner, candidate of medical sciences
Elena Nersesyan-Brytkova

The material uses photographs owned by shutterstock.com

The period of pregnancy in a person lasts 9 months, and during this time the child must go through complex "transformations" from a two-celled embryo to a highly organized organism. intervention in this difficult process can have fatal consequences.

In this article, we will talk about how smoking affects the development of the fetus. future mother and nicotine in general.

How does maternal smoking affect fetal development?

Smoking is a bad habit that harms not only the smoking woman, but also the new life developing in her. Most women who smoke still find the strength to give up cigarettes during pregnancy in order to give birth to a healthy baby. But, unfortunately, about a third of smokers are either unable to give up addiction, or reassure themselves with myths about the impermeability of the placenta to nicotine and other harmful substances and that a few cigarettes a day will not harm the baby.

How does it affect developing fetus every cigarette mom smoked?

The effect of smoking on the development of the fetus occurs through the penetration of harmful substances through the placenta.

Each cigarette puff causes a spasm of blood vessels, including uteroplacental ones, and just one smoked cigarette slows down blood flow for 20-30 minutes, supplying the fetus with oxygen and useful substances. Nicotine and other harmful substances penetrate the baby's body and interfere with its normal placental development.

When smoking "only" a few cigarettes a day, the process of fetal development is disrupted. Nicotine (an alkaloid that is a poison) is a substance that easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Infiltrating into big circle blood circulation, together with the blood flow, it enters the circulatory system fetus and causes sharp violation all processes occurring at that moment without exception.

Gradually, the structure of the placenta in a smoking mother changes: it becomes smaller in volume and shape, and at the same time, due to vasoconstriction, blood flow decreases, which in turn leads to malnutrition of the crumbs and causes its oxygen starvation. Often there is complete violation blood circulation, which in medicine is called placental infarction, which increases the risk of miscarriage or the development of sudden intrauterine death syndrome by more than 2.5 times.

But even if the baby is lucky enough to be born on time (and not ahead of time, as is often the case with women who smoke), then in the future oxygen starvation and nicotine will repeatedly remind of themselves. The child will lag behind his peers in development - both physical and mental; he will be 4-5 times more at risk colds, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

It has been scientifically proven that women who smoke greatly increase the risk of having a child with chronic diseases or birth defects. In addition, some scientists argue that nicotine can also cause mutational changes at the stage of embryonic development of the fetus.

How passive smoking affects the development of the fetus (inhalation of tobacco smoke)

No less dangerous is the so-called "passive" smoking, or inhalation of tobacco smoke, which contains about 4,000 harmful compounds. Most of them are highly toxic (carcinogenic) and include carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, radioactive polonium, phenol, acetone, nitric oxide, and others.

These substances are the most dangerous for the embryo in the first months of its intrauterine development, because it is during this period that the laying of the internal organs and the neural tube of the fetus takes place. Starting from the second trimester of pregnancy, the natural protective barrier- the placenta, but, unfortunately, it is also capable of retaining far from all the harmful compounds that enter the bloodstream during smoking (both active and passive). So, for example, nitric oxide, combining with hemoglobin and replacing oxygen molecules, calmly passes through the placental barrier, thereby aggravating the oxygen starvation of the fetus. And the consequences passive smoking are no different from those that occur when smoking the most pregnant woman.

Effects of nicotine exposure on the fetus

Assessing the impact of maternal smoking on the fetus, doctors use the term "fetal tobacco syndrome", which is reflected in following consequences this bad habit:

1. Thinner placenta.

2. Increased Risk improper presentation and separation of the placenta or its extensive infarction.

3. Hypoxia of the fetus and, as a result, a delay in its development.

4. The fetus has 10-15 times more carbon monoxide in the blood than its smoking mother.

5. In the fetus of a smoking mother, nerve poisons - nicotine and benzidine - accumulate in the tissues of the kidneys, tonsils, heart and nervous tissue.

6. Smoking during pregnancy often leads to spontaneous abortions / miscarriages (1.7 times more often than non-smokers) and cases of intrauterine fetal death.

7. The onset of preterm labor is directly dependent on the number of cigarettes a woman smokes daily. Smoking provokes the birth of premature babies.

8. 2.5 times higher risk of sudden death of a newborn.

9. Nicotine addiction leads to the fact that in women who smoke, children can be born with:

body weight less than 2.5 kg (the risk increases by 2 times);
underdeveloped respiratory organs (lungs do not have time to form);
underdeveloped heart (in the first place are pathologies associated with the outflow of blood from the right sections to the lungs, and atrial septal defects);
heart defects, with cleft palate and cleft lip (the risk of anomalies is 30% higher);
congenital anomalies of mental development;
lesions of the genital organs (especially female);
defects of the fingers of the extremities (fused, absent or superfluous);
slow physical, intellectual and emotional development;
Down's disease;
a cancerous tumor.

10. Babies born "healthy":

often act up, cry;
suffer from weakening congenital reflexes- sucking and grasping;
sleep poorly;
2 times more likely to suffer from various respiratory diseases, digestive tract and cardiovascular system;
most of them have attention deficit, behavioral problems and hyperactivity, which subsequently leads to memory impairment, absent-mindedness, learning difficulties, and later problems in social adaptation: they withdraw into themselves or suffer from unmotivated aggression.

The list of all the consequences of mother's smoking for the unborn child is so extensive that it is simply unrealistic to list it completely, but, perhaps, the list will already be enough to think about what is more important in life: the health of your child or your whim-smoking?

Reading time: 10 minutes

In a woman's life, expecting a child is happy event, but for women who smoke, the time from conception to childbirth is a real test. An experienced smoker often fails in her attempt to quit the addiction. The excuse for such expectant mothers is increased nervousness and reviews of those who smoked throughout the pregnancy, and nothing happened to the child. Research and medical statistics say the opposite.

What is pregnancy

The physiological process in the female body, in which, after fertilization of the egg, a fetus is formed that can live in the womb, is called pregnancy. To 10 obstetric weeks the embryo develops. From the 11th week of pregnancy, it is called a fetus. On average, the development of a child in the womb lasts 280 days. It is considered a period of 40 weeks from the date of the last menstruation ( obstetric term) or 38 weeks from the moment of conception (embryonic period). Pregnancy is divided into trimesters, each for three months (1-12 weeks - the first, 13-28 - the second, 29-40 - the third).

The happy course of this physiological process is a pledge proper planning. Increase the chance of having a healthy baby full examination couples before conception, surrender necessary analyzes, treatment chronic pathologies, balanced diet, psychological preparation obligatory refusal of bad habits. The first signs of pregnancy:

pain in the lumbar region;
increase in mucous secretions;
bloating;
headache;
nausea;
sensitive breasts;
fast fatiguability;
increased sensitivity to odors;
mood swings;
frequent urination;
delay of menstruation.

Smoking before pregnancy

Doctors say that a woman's smoking is one of the reasons for her infertility. This statement is based on medical research, which found that due to negative impact aromatic hydrocarbons, penetrating with tobacco smoke into the body, more often the eggs die. If a woman smoked before pregnancy long time, then the probability of conception is halved.

In the presence of this bad habit, menstrual irregularities are more often observed, ovulation occurs much less often, menopause occurs faster. Smoking is dangerous for conception, not only for women, but also for the future father. smoking man It has low quality sperm, as it contains few viable spermatozoa. Smokers, especially those with a history of hypertension, often suffer from impotence.

When can I plan pregnancy after smoking

For successful fertilization, you need to quit smoking at least a year before conception for both the expectant mother and the future father. Smoking affects the development in the womb of a baby not only during pregnancy, but also long before it. With prolonged inhalation of tobacco smoke, a woman inherits many diseases to her child. Regular intake of nicotine in the body accelerates the aging process, therefore female body wears out faster. More than 4,000 harmful substances that a cigarette contains cause harm to all organs and systems:

Respiratory system. Through the trachea, cigarette smoke enters the lungs, lingering for a fraction of a second. This time is enough for part of the nicotine to be absorbed into the blood, and part to remain on inner surface lungs and bronchi. Resins do not lose their activity, even when a woman quits smoking. They remain poisonous for a long period of time until they completely leave the body, and this takes months and even years.
The cardiovascular system. Regular smoking increases the heart rate, which harms the main organ. Smokers are at risk of myocardial infarction and other heart conditions.
Digestive system. It applies oral cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines. The harm is obvious: there is an increased risk of deterioration in the quality of teeth, the development of diseases of the esophagus, liver, kidneys and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Hair and nails. Women who smoke need much more vitamin C than non-smokers. Cigarette abuse reduces the body's levels of vitamin C, iron and calcium, leading to brittle nails, hair loss and other defects.

Can you smoke during pregnancy

According to WHO, 30% of pregnant women do not give up cigarettes. This creates certain statistics on the impact of tobacco smoke on the health of the fetus. Below is just a part of the list of dysfunctions that smoking gives during pregnancy:

Miscarriage. Among smoking women who are in position, spontaneous abortion occurs in 80% of cases. Reason: incomparable amount of poison with the mass of the fetus.
perinatal mortality. Children who manage to survive in the womb of a smoking mother and be born face a new challenge - 35% of these babies die in the first week of life. Cause of death: neonatal diseases incompatible with life.
Syndrome of sudden death. This is the name given to cases when a newborn baby stops breathing during sleep. Respiratory arrest provokes imperfection of the autonomic nervous system, the development of which big influence rendered tobacco smoke inhaled by the mother during pregnancy.
Intrauterine growth retardation. Doctors call this the lag of the fetus in size and weight. The most easy stage malnutrition - a delay of 2 weeks, during which the baby spends his strength not on development, but on restoring body weight.
Premature deposition of the placenta. At smoking woman this can happen in any trimester. If the area of detachment is equal to a third of the total area of the placenta, then the fetus dies.

How smoking affects pregnancy

First of all, the harm of smoking during pregnancy concerns a violation of the structure of the placenta. Compared to the norm, its tissues are significantly reduced and become thinner. Under the influence of nicotine, the placenta undergoes changes in terms of blood supply, acquires round shape. These processes provoke its premature exfoliation, contribute to extensive hemorrhage and death of the child in the womb.

There is such medical concept as "fetal tobacco syndrome". They determine the effect of nicotine on the unborn child. Such a diagnosis is differentiated if:

the mother smoked more than 5 cigarettes every day during the formation of the fetus;
during the period of gestation, the woman had severe hypertension;
at 37 weeks, the fetus showed a symmetrical growth retardation;
the newborn has stomatitis, the sense of smell and taste are dulled;
the infant has a violation of hematopoiesis;
occurs increased clotting blood;
the baby has reduced immunity;
the child has premature aging skin (appearance of wrinkles).

In the early stages

Doctors say that the danger of tobacco on the development of the embryo manifests itself immediately after conception. Unfortunately, most pregnancies in our country are unplanned. Often a woman finds out about her 1-1.5 months after conception, and before that she continues to lead her life. habitual image life. If she smokes, then nicotine intoxication of the body from an early date affects the development of the child's brain, because it is formed already at 4 weeks. At this stage of gestation, the fetus is not yet protected by the placental barrier, so it is defenseless against any external influence.

What are the dangers of smoking during early pregnancy:

	Harm to the child
	Smoking threatens physical harm. Cells develop into organs and tissues. The process is controlled by DNA molecules, which “eject” unusable elements from the system. Since tobacco smoke substances can attach to chromosomes, DNA will remove them along with tissues, and the body little man will develop without any limb or other organ.
	Nicotine affects the blood vessels in the placenta. If it is present in the mother's body, a vascular spasm occurs, due to which the fetus constantly experiences oxygen starvation (hypoxia). It leads to various complications, starting with a small weight of the child in the womb and the development of early preeclampsia, to psychological deviations baby that will last a lifetime.

At a later date

From the 4th month of pregnancy, a woman no longer has a fetus in her stomach, but complete person. Although it is still very small, it is a fully formed organism with a whole set of systems. Further, the internal organs develop in the child, the fat layer grows and muscle mass, weight gain. What are the consequences of smoking during pregnancy in the later stages of the baby in the womb:

Harm to the child

The respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular systems of the baby are included in the work. Nicotine, trapped in an unformed body, strikes at them. The circulation of cigarette smoke clogs the organs of the fetus through maternal blood, inhibits their development.

addiction to nicotine children's body learn how to process chemical substances and acquire in the womb nicotine addiction. After childbirth, the baby loses constant nourishment and experiences real withdrawal. The kid is naughty, sleeps badly, experiences severe emotional stress.

Another danger of smoking late term – premature birth. Premature babies have high threshold mortality.

Passive smoking

When a person is near a smoker, he inhales tobacco smoke unintentionally. as show medical research, the effect of nicotine on the fetus with passive smoking is the same as with active smoking of cigarettes by a pregnant woman. Tobacco smoke contains harmful substances: nicotine, carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, carcinogens, benzopyrene, radioactive components.

When a woman, even at the stage of conception, inhales all this, then her the immune system, and the embryo (fetus). The toxic substances of tobacco smoke accumulate in the body, causing placental insufficiency, as a result, the placenta does not perform its functions, and the fetus does not receive normal amount nutrients, the child has elevated hemoglobin levels. Because of this, a baby can be born with various congenital mental anomalies leading to Down syndrome.

Babies are born with low body weight, are often sick, emotionally unstable. Against the background of passive smoking in a pregnant woman, placenta previa is sometimes observed when it overlaps internal os cervix. It prevents a woman from having a baby naturally. Increased risk internal bleeding so the doctors refer her to C-section, which is also dangerous for its complications.

Smoking hashish or marijuana

For the offensive drug intoxication while smoking marijuana or hashish, special substances called cannabinoids are responsible. Once in the human body, they accumulate in the genitals, lungs, brain. Long-term smoking of marijuana or hashish adversely affects intellectual abilities, the processes of learning and memorizing information. When smoking narcotic substances combustion products enter the body in the same way as when smoking ordinary cigarette which affects the respiratory system.

This suggests that the use of marijuana or hashish during pregnancy is great danger for the development of the child in the womb. Since the drugs are illegal and not sold legally, the woman who buys them cannot know what is in them. Instead of marijuana, the package may contain foreign substances that can provoke not only complications in the bearing of the fetus, but also a threat to the life of the child and the expectant mother.

How to quit smoking

People who smoke are not as dependent on cigarettes as they think. More they are subject to the ritual, which is constantly performed. A cigarette in your hands, a cup of coffee in the morning, evening tea with your favorite TV series - it's hard to refuse. When a woman understands that there is no addiction, it will be easy to quit smoking. Moreover, there is significant reason giving up addiction - the birth of a healthy baby. Here are a few tips to make it easier to quit smoking:

remember that this is not a victim, refusal or coercion, you are just a non-smoking pregnant woman who is waiting for a healthy booty;
you do this not because of your husband, mother-in-law or mother, but for yourself;
do not give yourself a delay, do not look for excuses like: I will start on the first day or on Monday, quit smoking here and now;
forget about rituals, don't break cigarettes in pictures, don't throw a pack out the window, theatrical effects won't help;
create conditions that will not allow a breakdown to occur, for example, go to the hospital for preservation or go to live with your mother-in-law;
replace addiction with another ritual, find yourself any other game that is safe for health.

At an early stage

Women who are not ready to quit smoking, but who understand the need for this in the early stages of pregnancy, come up with different ways do it right away. Advertising offers many remedies to help replace cigarettes, which manufacturers claim are less harmful to health. You should be aware that sprays, chewing gum, patches and tablets containing nicotine are also prohibited from being used while carrying a child. The content of toxic substances in them can cause considerable harm to the development of the fetus.

Electronic cigarettes are not much different from the above-mentioned means. Although bad smell missing, the cartridges still contain nicotine, so smoking them will not add health. You need to quit in the first stages of pregnancy immediately and forever. All aids only take time, and during this period irreversible consequences. All body systems are laid in the first trimester, so for the fetus every day is a huge leap in development. Mom's smoking can at any time produce an irreversible failure in these natural processes.

Can you quit smoking abruptly?

Doctors are divided on this point. You can hear from a gynecologist about the dangers abrupt rejection from smoking during pregnancy. This is due to the stress future mother when trying to fight bad habit and lack of nicotine in the body. Such a reaction, allegedly, affects the well-being of the pregnancy. If you understand the issue in more detail, then a woman’s body cannot experience more stress when giving up an addiction than, for example, from any other domestic inconvenience.

Nicotine addiction is greatly exaggerated, because the experience of smoking many women does not even reach 5 years. Even with prolonged inhalation of nicotine, the stress of withdrawal is much less than that experienced by the expectant mother when thinking about possible diseases your child. For this reason, the other half of doctors are more categorical. They argue that each puff leads to a decrease in the movements of the fetus in the womb, a decrease in its activity, so the process of weaning from a cigarette should be minimized.