Multiple pregnancy with ovulation stimulation with clostilbegit. How to take clostilbegit to get pregnant

In this article, we will analyze what breast mastopathy is, what are its symptoms and causes, consider the most effective, recipes, remedies that helped readers of the Healthy Lifestyle Bulletin get rid of this disease.
We recommend reading after the article.

What is breast mastopathy?

Medical name - diffuse cystic mastopathy.

Symptoms of breast mastopathy

If you have found any of the symptoms of mastopathy, you should first consult a doctor to determine the type of disease. For prevention and early diagnosis, women are advised to visit a mammologist at least once a year.

There are several types of mastopathy.

The disease begins with growth connective tissue, while small nodules are formed in the chest, graininess in the mammary gland. This form is called diffuse.

Diffuse mastopathy:

The main symptoms and signs of diffuse mastopathy:

soreness of the breast, which occurs before menstruation and subsides at its onset,
pain in the chest, shoulder girdle, shoulder or armpit,
feeling of fullness, swelling, heaviness in the mammary glands.
periodically, spherical seals may appear in the upper chest.

At an early stage, diffuse mastopathy responds well to treatment.

Nodular mastopathy:

At further development mastopathy in the breast tissue, dense nodes with a diameter of 3 mm to 3 cm are formed. This form is called nodular mastopathy.
Symptoms of nodular mastopathy:

Pain in nodular mastopathy is more intense and does not stop with the onset of menstruation.
Sometimes even a light touch on the chest is painful.
From the nipple, bloody or clear fluid may be discharged.
When feeling the breast, the graininess of the tissues is easily determined, the nodules that do not disappear throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

Mastopathy of the mammary glands can be widespread(cover a large area of the breast) and local(single nodules).

Mastopathy treatment with folk remedies.

How to treat mastopathy mammary gland? In folk remedies, the following are used:,, ointments and based on medicinal plants,.

When treating breast mastopathy with folk remedies, DO NOT USE:

hot poultices if there are signs local inflammation: redness, swelling, increased skin temperature mammary gland.
herbal ointments in the presence of weeping skin rashes
topical alcoholic tinctures with dry rash.

Alternative methods of treatment of mastopathy of the breast are used for:

Alternative treatment of mastopathy with herbs.

According to paragraphs 2,3.4, antitumor plants, plants - immunomodulators, gonadotropic plants (plants that selectively act on the sex glands and produce hormones) are used.

Antitumor have action:

non-toxic herbs(repeshok, immortelle, wormwood, cinquefoil, cabbage, birch, thistle, elderberry, burdock)
vegetable poisons(aconite (wrestler), hemlock, celandine, mistletoe, fly agaric, lakonos, kirkazon). Poisonous plants are taken in the form of alcohol tinctures in very small doses, separately from other drugs.

Immunomodulators:
In the treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies, aloe, elecampane, duckweed, bighead, red brush, celandine, echinacea, propolis are often used. They are also used in the form of alcohol tinctures.

How to prepare a tincture for breast mastopathy.

To prepare a tincture 1 part of dry raw materials (or 3 parts of fresh) is poured with 10 parts of 40% alcohol, infused for 10-14 days.
On the initial stages diseases treatment of diffuse mastopathy with home methods can help through 10-20 days.

How to treat nodular mastopathy.

If the disease has passed into the stage of nodular mastopathy, then the treatment will be most effective if three methods of treating mastopathy in women are used at once:

Infusion of herbs with common healing effect relieving pain, inflammation, normalizing hormonal balance
Herbal tincture - immunomodulators or herbs with antitumor, anticancer effect
Local treatment in the form of compresses, oils, etc. We will consider how to prepare absorbable compresses for mastopathy below.

The best treatment regimen for mastopathy at home:

Apply all three remedies for 40 days. Then 2 weeks break and again the course is 40 days.
There are three courses in total.
In every course the composition of fees for infusions, tinctures and compresses change, so that there is no addiction and accumulation in the body of the substances of one plant.

How to treat mastopathy at home with the help of compresses.

Treatment of mastopathy with compresses is very effective, compresses are most often used in folk remedies for the treatment of this disease.

To cure mastopathy of the mammary gland, apply compresses from and many others.

Burdock with mastopathy

This folk remedy has an antitumor effect due to the presence of burdock (burdock) in it, which effectively fights tumors.

Compresses from the leaves of burdock or coltsfoot
Put a burdock leaf on the chest at night, or better a layer of leaves so that they do not dry out overnight, or coltsfoot leaves. In the morning, wipe the chest and grease it with burdock oil. This folk remedy has an antitumor effect, relieves pain in the mammary gland.
Compresses from burdock root and honey
Mix 100 g grated fresh burdock root, 100 g honey, 100 g castor oil, put this mixture on a linen cloth or cabbage leaf (burdock or a layer of coltsfoot leaves), apply to the chest at night. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.

Beets against mastopathy.

Beetroot compress. Recipe 1.
With mastopathy, grate table beets on a fine grater, add one part of flower honey to 3 parts of beets, put on cabbage leaf or tissue, and apply to the tumor overnight. Put the mixture in the refrigerator in the morning, repeat the procedure the next night. Then take a break for one night. Course - 10 - 20 cycles. The same beet mass can be used twice.
Beetroot compress. Recipe 2.
Heat 200 g of grated beets in a water bath, add 2 tbsp. l. 9% nine vinegar, make a compress at night. In the morning, wrap your chest with a warm scarf. Course - 10 nights in a row. Mastopathy sometimes takes 5-7 days.

Read more about the treatment of breast mastopathy with beets:

Iodinol with mastopathy.
Mastopathy can be cured with iodinol compresses: they should fit snugly against the chest. Iodinol is sold in pharmacies (HLS Bulletin 2002, No. 4, p. 7) First, a cloth soaked in iodinol, cellophane on top, then a bra. Keep for 2 hours, then remove, but do not rinse. If there are redness, then they quickly pass, there is no need to be afraid of them. (2007 No. 19 p. 32).
Cabbage compresses with curdled milk.
In the folk treatment of mastopathy, cabbage leaves are often used.
A compress of cabbage and curdled milk is the most common folk remedy for the treatment of breast mastopathy.
Recipe-1.
Mix 10 tbsp. l. gruel from fresh cabbage and 3 tbsp. l. curdled milk, put this mixture on a linen cloth. Apply a compress to the sore spot until the pain disappears completely, changing several times a day. The duration of treatment is 3 weeks.
Recipe-2.
Take cabbage leaves, put on top thin layer butter, sprinkle with salt and apply to the sore chest, secure the compress with a cloth. Course of treatment 10 days

Herbal compresses.

Herbal dough compress
Take 2 cups of rye flour, 50 g of coltsfoot leaf powder, 30 g of celandine herb powder, 30 g of wormwood leaf powder. Add whey to this mixture, knead the dough. Make a cake and apply at night on a sore spot. In the morning, lubricate the chest with propolis ointment.
Mastopathy ointment:
- 30 g of grated propolis stir with 100 g of interior lard, - simmer in a water bath for 2 hours, stirring,
- strain.
Wormwood compress.
Steam the crushed wormwood large quantity boiling water. Wrap steamed wormwood in linen and apply this compress to the sore spot in the morning and evening for 40-60 minutes. The same herb can be used 2-4 times. The course of treatment - until recovery
Compress from the infusion of St. John's wort or other herbs
1 st. a spoonful of St. John's wort brew a glass of boiling water, insist. Infusion to use for compresses. Instead of St. John's wort for compresses in folk methods treatment of mastopathy also use an infusion of mountaineer pepper, sweet clover or large-leaved gentian, prepared in a similar way
Compress from tincture of clover from breast mastopathy
2 tbsp. spoons with the top of clover inflorescences for 250 g of vodka, insist 10 days. Use this tincture for compresses.
Compress from the collection of fresh herbs.
Collection for mastopathy: take 1 kg of a mixture of fresh leaves of burdock, birch, burdock, quinoa, St. John's wort, wormwood. If there is no herb, you can do without it. Skip this kilogram of grass with 0.5 kg of salted lard through a meat grinder. Mix, keep in the refrigerator. On a sheet of parchment, the size of a chest, apply a thin layer of this stuffing. Wait until the mass warms up. Then put on the chest, cover with a warm diaper on top and secure with a large bra.
After a day, change the compress, removing the old mixture before that. The course of treatment of mastopathy with this folk remedy is 15-20 days. The assertions must disappear
Compress of beets, carrots and Rhodiola rosea
Mix 1/2 cup red beet juice with 1/2 cup grated carrots, 1 tbsp. l. Rhodiola rosea root powder and 4 tbsp. l. sea buckthorn oil or burdock oil. Compresses should be applied to the sore spot and changed after 4-5 hours. The course of treatment is 14 days.
Salt compresses for breast mastopathy
Recipe 1.
Soak a towel in 10% saline solution, roll into a strip and attach to the chest. Top with a dry towel. Leave all night. Course - 2 weeks.
Recipe 2.
Take a waffle towel, fold it along the length in 3-4 layers to make a strip 25 cm wide, dip in 10% saline, make a bandage on both breasts, securing with a bandage. Make such a salt compress every evening and keep it for 9-10 hours. The course is 2 weeks, if there are tumors in the chest, then 3 weeks. Despite the simplicity of the recipe, this remedy is very effective. Saline solutions 10% concentration is able to draw out of the body all the "dirt" and disease. Salt dressings are successfully used to treat any tumors. (review from the Bulletin of a healthy lifestyle 2002, No. 11, p. 15)
Kale compresses with oil
Take cabbage leaves, apply a thin layer of butter on top, sprinkle with salt and apply to a sore chest, a rag, a bra on top. Carry out this treatment every night. A week later, mastopathy disappears (2003 No. 2, p. 19)
Onion compress.
Bake the onion, crush it into a pulp, put it on a cloth and make a compress on the sore spot, it is advisable to keep it for a day, do it every other day. At the same time, drink tincture of cinquefoil (2004 No. 11, p. 24).
Quinoa compress with bacon.
Take 1 kg of fresh quinoa. Skip it in a meat grinder along with 0.5 kg of pork salty yellowed fat. Stir, you get a green ointment. Keep in refrigerator. On a sheet of parchment, the size of a chest, apply a thin layer of this stuffing. Wait until the mass warms up. Then put on the chest, cover with a warm diaper on top and secure with a large bra. After a day, change the compress, removing the old mixture before that. This remedy can cure mastopathy in 15-20 days. If it does not help in 20 days, do it until the hardening disappears. (Bulletin of healthy lifestyle 2003 No. 9, p. 29).
Pumpkin compress
Make warm compresses from the grated pumpkin pulp at night. This folk remedy quickly helps with fibrous mastopathy: after three days, the tumor subsides and the pain subsides. (Bulletin of healthy lifestyle 2003 No. 7, p. 26).
Particularly successful treatment will go mastopathy with folk remedies, if pumpkin compresses are combined with beetroot compresses and with compress root infusion compresses (2010, No. 12, p. 28-29)
In her youth, the woman had chest pains. The doctor diagnosed "Fibrous mastopathy" A neighbor advised me to apply warm pumpkin pulp to my chest at night. Folk way helped - a week later the tumor was gone. (2013, No. 4, pp. 39-40)
Urine compresses.
Sometimes with mastopathy, fluid accumulates in the mammary glands, cysts are formed filled with this fluid. These seals then harden. In this case, an operation is prescribed, but a urine compress can help: first, gauze soaked in urine, then polyethylene, then a cloth and a bandage or bra. Apply this remedy for the treatment of mastopathy at night, and even better twice a day. After two weeks, the seals will disappear. (2009 No. 20, pp. 31-32).
Fir oil
Mix fir oil with sunflower oil and honey in a ratio of 1:1:1. Every evening, apply the ointment on the chest, wash off the compress in the morning. (2007 No. 19, p. 32).

How to get rid of pain in mastopathy?

Compresses for chest pain
If there is pain in the mammary gland, then do a compress: 1 tsp. camphor oil, 1 tsp melted butter, 1 tsp. beetroot juice - mix. Lubricate the sore spot with this composition, apply a linen cloth moistened with the remnants of the product. (Bulletin of healthy lifestyle 2007 No. 22, p. 12)

Folk recipes for the treatment of mastopathy - poultices.

The difference between a poultice and a compress is that it is applied hot to the affected area. This is necessary for better penetration of drugs through the skin. The poultice retains heat for a long time due to the fact that its basis is a thick, poorly conductive heat carrier - potatoes, baked onions, porridge.
To make a poultice, make a decoction of a medicinal plant (burdock root, sweet clover, calendula, immortelle, wormwood) and make thick jelly on this decoction, adding flour or starch. This mass is wrapped in cloth and applied to the affected area.
A poultice can be made without a base: pour 1 cup of plants with 1 cup of boiling water, leave warm for 15 minutes. The hot slurry of the plant is wrapped in cloth and applied to the seal in the mammary gland.

Alternative treatment of mastopathy with applications.

In the summer when medicinal plants can be found in fresh cold applications are used for treatment: plants are scrolled in a meat grinder. The resulting mass is applied to diseased areas of the mammary gland, first applying it to a tissue or burdock leaf.

An effective home remedy for mastopathy is a patch.

For a patch, you need to take thick honey and mix it with medicinal herb powder. This mass is smeared on a piece of waxed paper and placed in a sticky layer to the skin on the affected area.

How to treat breasts with celandine oil

Recommend the following recipe: with mastopathy and fibroma 1 tsp. powdered celandine leaves diluted in 2 tsp. ghee. Warm up in a water bath for 10 minutes. Apply this ointment to the affected area. This folk remedy is recommended to be used during the course of night compresses: after removing the compress in the morning, apply this ointment. Then the healing will be much faster

Home treatment of mastopathy with onions and tar.

Mix gruel from one baked onion with 2 tsp. fly in the ointment. Spread the resulting mass on a cloth and apply to the hardened place. Put parchment paper on top of a rag, then cotton wool, bandage it so that it less smell, change the bandage after 8-10 hours. The course is 20 days.

Treatment of mastopathy with ASD fraction

Take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of vegetable oil, drop 40 drops of the ASD-3 fraction there, stir and make a compress. Will be strong pain, but you need to endure as long as possible, then wash off the compress. After 3-4 times the application of this folk remedy, the pain during the procedure will disappear. Course 7-10 procedures.

Folk remedies for the treatment of mastopathy for oral administration

Partitions of walnuts from breast mastopathy.
Walnuts are very useful for breast mastopathy. This folk remedy regulates hormonal background of the whole organism, it also helps with fibroids, endometriosis, diseases thyroid gland. Treatment of fibroids with walnut partitions is also often used in folk medicine.
Recipe for the tincture:
Internal partitions 20-25 walnuts pour 100 ml of 70% alcohol.
Infuse in a tightly stoppered bottle for 10 days in a dark place.
Take 15-20 drops in a quarter glass of water 3 times a day half an hour before meals for 2 months.
Store the tincture at room temperature in the dark.
Alternative treatment of mastopathy at home with a red brush.
This folk remedy puts the entire hormonal system in order, improves immunity, and can help in the treatment of fibroids, erosion, endometriosis, ovarian and uterine cysts.
Recipe:
Brew grass or red brush root: 1 tbsp. l. to a glass of boiling water.
Drink 3 times a day for 1/3 cup.
Course 40 days.
After two weeks, repeat the course.
You can buy an infusion of this plant in a pharmacy.
With mastopathy, juice treatment is very useful.
Mix one glass of carrot, beetroot juice, black radish juice, lemon, minced garlic, honey and Cahors (7 glasses in total). Mix all the ingredients, store the healing potion in the refrigerator. Take 1 tbsp. spoon of this mixture 3 times a day 30 minutes after meals. The resulting volume of the mixture is designed for 1 course of treatment. After each course of treatment - a break of 1 month. There are 5 courses in total per year. This folk remedy for the treatment of mastopathy has an immunomodulating, antitumor effect.
A side effect is getting rid of many diseases, cleaning blood vessels and rejuvenating the body.
Dill seeds in milk
Boil 1 minute in 0.5 l of milk 100 g of dill seeds, leave for 2 hours. Drink 3 times a day, 100 g 30 minutes before meals.
Infusions of herbs from mastopathy.
Make a mixture of dry grass yarrow, motherwort, succession in equal proportions. 2 tbsp. l. mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour, strain and squeeze. Drink an infusion of herbs 2 times a day, 100 g half an hour before meals. The course of treatment is 6 months. This folk remedy for the treatment of mastopathy will also help with fibroids, myomas, cysts, endometriosis
Infusion of chestnut flowers
8 art. l. dry flowers pour 1 liter of water, bring to a boil, insist overnight in warmth.
Drink the whole broth during the day - one sip at a time (every 15-30 minutes).
Mastopathy of the mammary glands - how to cure mastopathy in women with potato flowers.
brew potato flowers: 1 tsp per glass of boiling water, take 3 times a day before meals, 1-3 tbsp. l. The flowers are poisonous, do not increase the dosage too much.
An old grandmother's recipe for mastopathy.
20 g of crushed burdock roots in 2 cups of boiling water, insist. Take 1 tbsp. spoon 30 minutes before meals.
How to treat breasts with knotweed
In folk remedies, knotweed grass is often used. 1 st. l. herbs in a glass of boiling water, insist, take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day before meals.
Alternative treatment of mastopathy with sage herb or hop cones.
Infusions of these herbs are recommended for use in the treatment of mastopathy in order to reduce discharge from the mammary gland.
How to remove mastopathy Kalanchoe with honey.
Skip through the meat grinder Kalanchoe. Mix 1 glass of mass with 1 glass of honey. Take 1 tbsp. l. on an empty stomach in the morning and evening. When the mixture is finished, rest 1 week and start a new course. After 4 courses of using this folk remedy, cysts and seals disappear in the chest.

Soothing infusions of herbs for mastopathy.

If you often have to be nervous, then be sure to take one of the following infusions:

Take in equal proportions valerian root, motherwort grass, cumin fruits, fennel fruits. 1 st. pour a spoonful of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
Take in equal proportions valerian root, mint leaves, watch leaves. 1 st. pour a spoonful of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Take 1/2 cup in the morning and at night.
Take in equal proportions valerian root, chamomile flowers, cumin fruits. 1 st. pour a spoonful of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Take 1/2 cup in the morning and at night.
Take in equal proportions valerian root, rose hips, immortelle, motherwort, succession, oregano. Drink instead of tea.

Along with the calming properties of mint, motherwort valerian, these fees for mastopathy improve hormonal levels by including fennel, cumin, and watch in them. The course of treatment with these folk remedies is 2-6 months

Try to use less caffeine (coffee, black tea, cola) - these foods can increase chest pain in mastopathy.
Reduce your salt intake - this will help reduce breast swelling.
Do not smoke - smoking impairs blood supply to the mammary gland, blood stagnation occurs, which is why new seals, cysts begin to form and old ones increase
Eat less fat - this will reduce breast pain, and reduce the risk of getting cancer
Avoid stress - stress disrupts the hormonal balance, which causes the progression of mastopathy.
Take multivitamins and mineral supplements. Especially vitamins A, B, E; iodine and selenium.
Vitamins help to reduce pain in the mammary glands, vitamin E prevents the growth of tumors and hardening.
Be careful with diuretics, they can cause cysts to enlarge.
Wear a well-fitting, breast-supporting bra.

You can find even more folk recipes in the article.

Diet for breast mastopathy.

Nutrition for breast mastopathy should comply with the following recommendations:

Eat more food rich in fiber - this normalizes metabolism and normalizes hormone levels.
Eat 1-2 tsp daily. dry seaweed. It contains many trace elements and vitamins, and has an anticarcinogenic effect.
Eat fish 2-3 times a week - fish oil strengthens the immune system, preventing cancer from developing.
Include more legumes, vegetables, nuts, berries, fruits in the diet for mastopathy.

Some more causes of breast mastopathy

The main cause of mastopathy is hormonal disorders in a woman's body.
What leads to hormonal disorders:
Abortion- abrupt failure hormonal system organism.
Age adjustment hormonal background of the body at the age of 14-17 and with menopause.
Gynecological diseases. The mammary gland is single system with the genitals, so any disease of these organs also strikes at the mammary gland
Diseases of the endocrine system. The mammary gland enters the endocrine system of the body along with the ovaries, liver, thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands. Therefore, a disease of any of these organs can lead to changes in the mammary gland.
Abnormal lifestyle. Nuns who have never given birth and do not have a normal sexual life are prone to mastopathy and breast cancer more often than their peers in the world. Regular sex life, full-term pregnancy and prolonged breastfeeding - the best prevention mastopathy and breast cancer.
neurological disorders. Frequent stress, long nervous tension, anxiety - all this can knock the production of hormones off the right rhythm.
Other causes of breast mastopathy
- trauma to the breast
- Prolonged exposure to extreme cold or heat
— ultraviolet radiation(protect your chest from the sun)
- hereditary predisposition to mastopathy.

Benign diseases of the mammary glands are a heterogeneous group of lesions that include developmental anomalies, inflammatory processes of epithelial and stromal origin, and neoplasms. Among them, mastopathy is a separate nosology, since the percentage of women who go to the doctor with this pathology is high. What is mastopathy, how it proceeds and what is dangerous - these questions can be answered by an oncologist, mammologist and gynecologist.

Physiological cyclic pain and swelling

Breast lumps are one of the most common reasons why women go to the doctor for advice, evaluation, examination and treatment. What is mastopathy? Many women notice soreness or tenderness in their breasts shortly before their period. This is due to the influence of estrogen, and not progesterone, as occurs in a normal menstrual cycle. In cases where less progesterone is produced at the end of the cycle and with irregular ovulation swelling and induration may occur. Other women may have normal amounts of progesterone, but tissue sensitivity to estrogen increases, leading to symptoms associated with fluid retention. Women who take exogenous estrogen, such as oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy during menopause, may present with such complaints. What is mastopathy? The photo below shows the changes that occur in the gland.

Mastalgia

Mastopathy of the mammary gland, what is it, is mastalgia a manifestation of this disease? Mastalgia is that kind of chest pain that can represent enough serious symptom. Physiological cyclic pain may occur in 15 percent of women. Ladies who suffer from non-cyclic pain are less common and the pain is due to hormonal causes. The pain may be due to an old injury, an acute infection, or a pathology of the chest wall.

Pathological processes in the mammary gland

What is mastopathy - is it a benign or malignant process? The vast majority of lesions that occur in the breast are benign. Much attention is paid to malignant lesions, because breast cancer is common in women. However, breast mastopathy is often diagnosed. What it is: a benign or malignant process, how to determine and how to treat - various new studies will help with this. With the use of mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the breast, and the widespread use of biopsy, the diagnosis of "benign breast disease" can be made in most patients.

Most benign lesions are not associated with an increased risk for cancer and therefore unnecessary surgery should be avoided. It is important for gynecologists and oncologists to identify the presence of benign lesions, distinguish them from the initial stages of invasive cancer, and assess the patient's condition taking into account all risks. This requires choosing the most suitable method treatment for each specific case.

Variety of forms

The term "benign breast disease" encompasses a group of lesions that may represent wide range symptoms, or may be found incidentally as findings on examination. What is mastopathy of the mammary glands, how often do such lesions occur? The incidence of benign lesions of the breast begins to increase in the second decade of life and reaches its peak by the age of forty-fifty, in contrast to malignant diseases, which are characterized by development after menopause, although not at such a rapid pace.

Fibrocystic mastopathy, what is it? These pathologies are the most common benign diseases mammary gland. Such changes are usually observed in women 20-50 years of age. Although there are various names for all these processes, including fibro- cystic disease, cystic mastopathy, chronic cystic disease, mazoplasia, Reclus disease, the term "fibrocystic changes" is now preferred, since this process is observed clinically in up to 50% and histologically in 80-90% of women.

Fibrocystic mastopathy, what is it? It can be multifocal and bilateral. The most common symptoms are pain and various lumps in the chest. Although the exact pathogenesis of this process is unclear, it is believed that hormonal imbalance, in particular the predominance of estrogen over progesterone, seems to play a role. important role in its development. Diffuse fibrous mastopathy, what is it, what forms does it include? This type of mastopathy includes formations such as cysts (macro- and micro-), continuous lesions, including adenosis, epithelial hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, radial scar and papillomas. Over the years of its existence, it has been one of the main questions to determine whether these lesions are a risk factor for the subsequent development of cancer. The use of mammography and the detection of benign breast processes by ultrasound have become more common, which is critical for identifying women who have increased risk. Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate FCM as non-proliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, and proliferative foci of cell atypia (atypical hyperplasia). Various studies have shown that in the vast majority of cases, breast biopsy (up to 70%) is able to show non-proliferative lesions.

Nonproliferative lesions include cysts, papillary apocrine changes, epithelial lesions associated with calcifications, mild epithelial hyperplasia, and ductal ectasia, sclerosing adenosis, and ductal fibrosis. Quite often there are cysts, adenosis, juvenile papillomatosis, fibroadenoma and diabetic fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands. What it is, how the forms differ can be determined after additional research.

cysts

Cystic mastopathy - what is it? This form is represented by cysts that are filled with fluid, have a round or oval shape. This lesion occurs in one third of women aged 35-50 years. Approximately 20-25% of cases, they are palpated as soft formations. Cysts cannot be diagnosed by breast palpation or mammography; in these cases, ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology are used, which are highly accurate.

adenosis

Breast adenosis is a proliferative lesion characterized by an increase in the number or size of glandular components mainly associated with the lobule. There are many various types adenosis.

Sclerosing adenosis may present as a palpable mass or as a suspicious finding on mammography. Studies have shown that sclerosing adenosis may be a risk factor for incipient breast cancer, in addition to its association with other proliferative breast lesions.

Juvenile papillomatosis

This disease is defined as severe ductal disease that occurs in young women and causes cancer in most cases.

Diabetic fibrous mastopathy

What is mastopathy of the mammary glands, which is associated with diabetes? Diabetic fibrous mastopathy has unusual shapes: lymphocytic mastitis and stromal fibrosis. This is observed both in premenopausal women and in men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who have pronounced diabetic microvascular complications. Diabetic fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands, what is it? Clinically, it is characterized by solitary or multiple mild, painless, immobile lesions in one or both breasts, most often mistaken for cancer. Mammographic and ultrasound findings in the examination of these lesions are also highly relevant in suspected cancer, so a biopsy is essential for final diagnosis. The disease is immune response and is a manifestation of the effects of connective tissue hyperglycemia.

Regular annual dispensary observation of patients with diabetic fibrous mastopathy is recommended. Targeted needle biopsy may be useful in diagnosing recurrent lesions for subsequent management.

Fibroadenoma

What is fibrous mastopathy? Most often it is fibroadenoma, which is the most common lesion of the breast, and occurs in 25% of women who do not present any complaints. Usually the disease is observed in early reproductive age; The peak incidence is between 15 and 35 years of age. It is traditionally regarded as a benign process of the mammary gland, although fibroadenoma also represents a group of hyperplastic processes of the mammary lobule.

Classification

Currently, gynecologists use a classification based on histological data. There are diffuse and nodular forms.

The form of mastopathy depends on the tissue that is most fully represented in the cytological examination. Consider what diffuse cystic mastopathy is, what varieties it has. It:

cystic;

glandular;

fibrous;

Mixed.

It was shown above what mastopathy is in women, in what forms it is presented. There are many reasons and factors for its occurrence and development.

Causes

Diffuse mastopathy, what is it, what are the factors of its occurrence? The main reason for the development of this disease is a condition in which there is a deficiency of progesterone, increased production of estrogens and impaired ovarian function. It is estrogen that causes the growth of the epithelium of the alveolar apparatus of the glands, connective tissue and duct cells, and increases the activity of fibroblasts.

Pathophysiology

The exact mechanism of the disease is not fully understood, although it is known that it is associated with the production of hormones during the menstrual cycle, and does not occur during menopause, as well as with prolonged amenorrhea.

What is mastopathy in terms of physiology. This is a cumulative process, partly due to normal hormonal changes during the female menstrual cycle. The most important of these hormones are estrogen, progesterone and prolactin.

These hormones affect all tissues of the mammary glands, causing tissue growth and reproduction. Many other hormones such as TSH, insulin, growth hormone and growth factors have a direct and indirect effect on the regulation of cell growth. Over time, these fluctuations eventually lead to the formation of small cysts in areas with fibrous tissue. Multiple small cysts, breast enlargement, and pain usually develop when a woman reaches her 30s. Larger cysts usually occur after the age of 35. Several variants of fibrocystic changes can have different genetic causes. There is also evidence that iodine deficiency contributes to these changes by increasing the sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogen.

Clinical picture

Signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease include:

Breast tumors or areas of thickening that tend to merge with surrounding breast tissue

Generalized chest pain or tenderness;

Various fluctuations in breast size due to lumps;

Green or dark brown discharge from the nipple, which appear both with squeezing and without pressure;

Changes that occur in one or both mammary glands;

Monthly breast enlargement, pain or lumps from the middle of the cycle (ovulation) until the period.

Soreness of the mammary glands begins most often in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, can manifest itself as a component of the premenstrual symptom, and is combined with a variety of physical, vegetative and emotional symptoms. The diffuse form is characterized by pain different intensity, which can acquire a strong character with irradiation to the shoulder blade, neck, shoulder and axillary region.

Diagnostics

The definition of symptoms and signs of the disease begins with a survey and examination of the woman, using a superficial and deep palpation mammary glands and lymph nodes. In this case, it is possible to detect the presence of seals, nodes, their number, nature, consistency, mobility, connection with healthy tissues. This method is informative only for determining tumors that are larger than 1 cm. If the nodules are smaller or there is an early stage of the process, then this examination will not give results.

Laboratory and instrumental research

The main diagnostic method is X-ray mammography. It allows you to identify formations in the preclinical stage, to determine the malignant process against the background of mastopathy or other benign formations to assess the effectiveness of therapy.

The ductography method allows you to determine the quality and condition of the tissues of the ducts and notice even minor changes in them.

Another additional method research - ultrasound. It is available to lactating women, pregnant women, children and adolescents. The disadvantage of this study is the inability to detect microcalcifications and low information content with a significant severity of adipose tissue.

by the most precise methods are MRI and CT, but their use is limited due to the high cost and significant dose load.

Thermography and microwave radiometry are methods that are absolutely harmless and can be used many times. Their main principle is to determine the temperature difference over damaged and healthy areas. However, low ability, the impossibility of clarifying structures and the difficulty in detecting deep and small changes do not allow the use of these methods constantly.

Puncture biopsy followed by cytological examination is the most reliable way. It allows you to identify changes in 93-95% of cases. A cytological examination can be carried out with punctate tissues secreted from the chest, prints from eroded surfaces or from cracks near the nipples.

An important method is the determination of prolactin in the blood, which, if its content is increased, can cause changes in the mammary glands.

Fibrocystic changes are most common in women from 20 to 50 years old. These changes are rarely seen in postmenopausal women unless women are on hormone therapy.

Treatment

What is fibrocystic mastopathy, how to treat - this can be explained to you by a mammologist or gynecologist. The goal of treating this disease is:

Relief of pain symptoms;

Prevention of cancerous lesions;

Surgical removal of nodular forms.

The conservative methods are joint application vitamin therapy, enzyme therapy, immunomodulators, antipsychotics, antihistamines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and herbal medicines. Hormonal drugs are prescribed for concomitant gynecological pathology and taking into account the age of the woman.

Medicines for treatment

What is mastopathy, and how to treat this pathology conservatively can only be determined by a doctor. Most often, hormonal drugs are prescribed. Of these, "Progestogel" has a good effect, which must be applied to the skin of the breast 1-2 times a day continuously or from 16 to 25 days of the menstrual cycle.

The use of oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of developing mastopathy by 75%, and breast cancer by 2 times.

"Bromocriptine" or "Parlodel" is prescribed for elevated levels of prolactin in the blood to suppress its production. These drugs give effect after 3-6 months of use.

Hormonal drugs such as Danazol, gonadotropin agonists, tissue-selective modulators of estrogen activity and selective estrogen receptor modulators are prescribed only by a doctor after an appropriate examination.

From phytoestrogens, a good effect was registered after the use of drugs such as Mastodinon, Mammoleptin, Altera Plus. These medicinal substances should apply long time in continuous mode.

Of the vitamins, the use of vitamins A, E and group B is required. They normalize the function of the adrenal glands, ovaries and thyroid gland, the central and peripheral nervous system, strengthen the immune system and have an antioxidant effect.

NSAIDs ("Naproxen") reduces soreness in the mammary glands, tissue swelling and prevent the occurrence of fibrosis. They are used after ovulation for six months.

Surgery

What is cystic mastopathy, how to treat, is surgical treatment indicated in this case? Surgical intervention is necessary in this form, as well as in the presence of nodular forms and in the event of intraductal papilloma. In this case, the surgical material must be histologically examined.

Prevention

Preventive measures include several items. Inspection of the mammary glands is carried out 1 time in 2 years after 35 years and once a year - after 50 years. Abuse of fatty foods, coffee, alcohol and smoking is not recommended. A healthy lifestyle and minimal stress loads are shown.

To improve health after surgical treatment Rehabilitation required:

Restoration of the menstrual cycle;

Identification and treatment chronic diseases genital organs;

Proper contraception.

Mostly minor changes in the mammary glands are normal. However, if you find a breast lump or thickening that persists after menstruation, or a new growth grows and is not affected by the menstrual cycle, you should consult a doctor.

Mastopathy is a pathology in which there is an abnormal growth of the connective tissue of the mammary gland, that is, its hyperplasia. Mastopathy in the vast majority of cases is a benign disorder, that is, it does not lead to cancerous degeneration of the epithelium. The disease develops against the background of hormonal imbalance due to dysfunction of the sex glands. Most often, mastopathy is observed in women of reproductive age, more than 80% of cases of pathology are detected in patients 20-47 years old.

The mammary gland belongs to the glands of external secretion. It is replete with special ducts lined with milk-producing cells. The gland itself is formed by 16-19 lobes, which provide lactation during the period of breastfeeding. The cavities between the lobes are filled with sufficiently dense epithelial tissue, which is necessary for the formation of the capsule of the gland and maintaining its shape.

Attention! In healthy women, the ratio of the proportions of the connective tissue directly to the gland is determined by specific boundaries, which ensures the normal functioning of the breast.

With mastopathy in patients under the influence of various adverse factors a hormonal imbalance develops in the body, as a result of which estrogen begins to be produced excessively. And other hormones necessary to inhibit the uncontrolled growth of gland cells are not produced enough. As a result, tissue hyperplasia begins to occur, that is, their rapid and chaotic growth. In some cases, mastopathy can also develop due to excessive release of prolactin, a hormone that affects the functioning of the mammary glands and ensures lactation. Prolactin is produced in the pituitary gland. With various pituitary dysfunctions, there is a constant increased production of the hormone, which leads to the growth of glandular tissue.

There are a number of factors that can lead to hormonal imbalance and the development of the disease:

genetic predisposition - the presence of this pathology in the next of kin;
artificial interruption of gestation, miscarriage, premature birth;
refusal to breastfeed after childbirth;
menopause and premenopausal period;
improperly selected oral contraceptives;
various diseases of the female reproductive system affecting the work of the sex glands - the ovaries;
stress and mental disorders;
chest injury;
long-term use of hormonal drugs;
the period immediately before the onset of menarche in girls.

Attention! Menarche is the first menstruation in a woman's life. It usually occurs 2-2.5 years after the onset of development of the mammary glands.

To date, in medical practice There are three main types of mastopathy.

Varieties of mastopathy

Type of pathology	Image	Clinical symptoms	Symptoms during instrumental examination
		Soreness in the chest, swelling and roughness of the glands, especially in the premenstrual period	Small knots in the tissue of the gland, strands, seals
		A palpable tumor, the breast is clearly enlarged, very painful, regardless of the period of the menstrual cycle	Well-defined neoplasms that range in size from a pea to a plum
		Lymphadenopathy, severe soreness even at rest, which increases sharply with physical activity. A watery or colostrum-like secretion comes from the chest, possibly mixed with blood	Mixed type of pathology. In the tissues of the gland there are numerous small nodes and neoplasms. In places where connective tissue grows, cystic cavities filled with translucent liquid

Symptoms of the disease

In order to timely identify mastopathy and start treatment, you should pay attention to the symptoms of the disease:

Soreness of the mammary glands, characterized by a constant character and aggravated by movement or palpation of the chest. Often discomfort directly depend on the menstrual cycle and significantly decrease after the end of menstruation.
Discharge from nipples. Most often, the secret resembles colostrum, may have a greenish-yellow or whitish hue, contain no a large number of blood inclusions.
The appearance of nodules in the breast. To the touch, they are dense, inactive, and can be painful.
Lymphadenopathy - inflammation lymph nodes. With this pathology, the lymph nodes of the armpits, neck, and the area behind the ears are most often affected.

Attention! Similar symptoms can also signal the development of more severe pathologies, for example, the formation of a breast cancer. Therefore, when these symptoms appear, you should urgently seek help from a gynecologist or mammologist.

Pathology therapy

Mastopathy, detected in the initial stages, is successfully cured in more than 95% of cases. In this case, the disease with properly selected therapy does not lead to the development of complications. Relief of pathology requires dispensary observation according to the state of health of the patient and on average takes from three months to six months.

The therapy of mastopathy consists in normalizing the hormonal balance of the body, improving blood flow and minimizing stress and various strong emotional experiences. It is also mandatory to local impact on glandular tissue.

To date, there is no single approved method for the treatment of mastopathy. Therapy is selected individually and depends on a number of factors in each case:

the age of the patient;
type of disease;
features of the menstrual cycle;
a history of concomitant gynecological or endocrine pathologies;
the desire of the patient to maintain reproductive function during treatment or to achieve a contraceptive effect.

All these features directly affect which drugs, physiotherapy and other methods of treatment a mammologist will prescribe. In some cases, the appearance of strands and nodes in the gland is one of the variants of the norm. However, the presence of complaints about a significant deterioration in the quality of life or an existing risk of malignancy, that is, malignancy, nodes and cysts, it is necessary to select a comprehensive treatment.

If mastopathy is detected in a patient by chance, then drug therapy in most cases is not prescribed. Women are encouraged to follow the recommendations for overall improvement in health. At the same time, to control the condition of patients, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands and a clinical examination by a mammologist every 3-6 months.

For the treatment of young women who want to preserve reproductive function, it is necessary to prescribe medication to correct physiological processes in the body and the normalization of the menstrual cycle. Such therapy is possible only if fibrocystic changes are minimal and not prone to pronounced progression.

Patients with severe disorders and persistent intense pain, therapy should be carried out in a complex and combine various forms treatment: hormonal, non-hormonal and, if indicated, surgical.

Attention! Surgery is most often needed for severe structural disturbances in glandular tissue. In this case, after excision of the affected tissues, it is also necessary to prescribe pharmacological preparations for prevention re-development diseases.

Hormone-containing drugs for the treatment of mastopathy

The formation, development and differentiation of breast tissues are regulated by the following hormones:

estrogen;
prolactin;
testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, etc.;
progesterone.

That mastopathy is caused hormonal disruptions in the body of the patient, is determined by identifying a number of factors:

diffuse fibrous disorders are noted in both glands;
symptoms become more or less pronounced depending on the period of the menstrual cycle;
soreness becomes less pronounced after the onset of menopause;
when taking hormone-containing drugs, the condition of the breast improves.

Attention! Medicines containing hormones can only be prescribed by a specialist after a comprehensive examination of the patient. This or that drug is prescribed based on the results of the tests.

If the patient has an excess of estrogen, then to reduce the release of the hormone, estrogen receptor blockers are prescribed. The most commonly used drugs Tamoxifen, Letrozole, Arimidex etc. These drugs prevent estrogen from binding to receptors and reduce their effect on breast tissue.

At the beginning of therapy, there may be breast enlargement and a short increase in pain, but soon such adverse reactions are docked. Also, a number of patients experience nausea and a feeling of hot flashes when using Tamoxifen. The appearance of these violations should be reported to the doctor.

Also, with mastopathy, oral contraceptives are widely used. These medicines are in most cases prescribed to patients under the age of 35-40 years. The drugs contribute to the normalization of the menstrual cycle, protect against unwanted pregnancy and quickly stop the manifestations of mastopathy. On average, the period required to normalize the patient's condition is about 1.5-2 months.

Attention! Incorrectly selected contraceptives or a violation of the rules for taking them can increase mastopathy. With the development of more severe symptoms you should immediately contact a specialist and replace the drug.

The most popular are the following tools:

Jeanine;
Midian;
Yarina;
Silest, etc.

In this case, the specialist must choose a drug containing minimal amount estrogens and most - gestagens. Treatment should continue for at least 3-4 months. It is also possible to carry out therapy with medications aimed at inhibiting the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland. With a similar method of treatment, the following agents are used: Progestogel, Norgestrel, Danazol and other drugs that are derivatives of testosterone. They help reduce estrogen production.

Non-hormonal therapy

The development of mastopathy is influenced by many different factors: nutrition, wearing uncomfortable underwear, stress, etc. To stop the development pathological processes, it is necessary to carry out not only hormonal treatment, but also to resort to other methods that affect the state of the body.

Proper nutrition

Nutrition has a direct impact on the condition of women with mastopathy. Some products can cause disturbances in the digestive tract, are conducive to the development of mastopathy or carcinoma of the mammary glands. This relationship is probably due to the reabsorption of estrogens excreted in the bile when eating these types of food. Therefore, to prevent such disorders, patients are recommended to consume at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day.

Also Special attention should be given to the work of the liver, since it is this organ that is responsible for the utilization of estrogen in the body. Patients are advised to stop eating foods that adversely affect the liver and gallbladder. At the same time, to normalize the functioning of these organs, you need to take vitamins of groups E and B.

Women suffering from mastopathy should exclude the following products from their menu:

fried in oil, high-calorie dishes;
pork, lard;
white bread, pastries and other pastries;
semolina, semolina products;
smoked and salty dishes;
various canned food;
coffee and strong black tea;
mayonnaise and sauces based on it;
ketchup;
sweet carbonated drinks;
alcohol.

The diet of patients should be dominated by foods rich in fiber, protein and vitamins:

sea fish;
linseed, olive and sunflower oils;
lean beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit;
milk and products based on it: cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, kefir, cheeses;
oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley;
all types of legumes;
Bell pepper;
pumpkin and its varieties;
carrot;
sea kale and salads from it;
various fruits and berries;
nuts.

Video - Fibrocystic mastopathy

The right choice of underwear

Patients with mastopathy need to wear bras. At the same time, wearing underwear that does not correspond to the size of the breast or has an irregular shape can lead to deformation of the glands and high blood pressure on them.

When choosing underwear, you should pay attention to the following points:

the bra should not only match the size of the woman's breasts, but also be correctly and comfortably tailored and sewn;
it is recommended to purchase a product made of natural fabrics without seals and rigid clamps;
the best choice are models with wide adjustable straps and several rows of hook-and-eye closures.

In addition, the bra should not be more than 10-12 hours in a row, and during sleep it must be removed so as not to disrupt the movement of blood through the vessels of the chest.

Leading a healthy lifestyle

In the treatment and prevention of mastopathy, special attention should be paid to the management healthy lifestyle life. Patients should adhere to the following recommendations:

give up the use of strong drinks and smoking;
provide yourself with adequate nutrition;
fulfill physical exercises, including gymnastics aimed at improving blood flow in the chest;
do not visit steam rooms and baths;
provide yourself with psychological peace;
minimize the impact ultraviolet rays to the chest area.

Attention! Many physiotherapy procedures may be contraindicated for women with a history of mastopathy. Therefore, during a visit to a clinic or hospital, it is necessary to warn specialists in advance about the presence of this disease.

Normalization of blood circulation

In patients with mastopathy, in most cases, there are circulatory disorders in the tissues of the mammary glands. Most often similar pathologies caused by dysfunction of the veins. To normalize the outflow of blood, experts advise using Askorutin and foods rich in vitamin P. It improves blood circulation and trophism of gland tissues. Such treatment helps to stop swelling of the breast and relieve pain.

Surgical intervention

To date, surgery for mastopathy is carried out only if there is a risk of malignant degeneration of the neoplasm or with its rapid growth. The patient under local or general anesthesia held sectoral resection, that is, the removal of part of the gland along with the tumor. On average, the manipulation takes about half an hour. After the procedure, the woman must be in a hospital for about 24 hours. When the condition normalizes, the patient is discharged, the sutures are removed on an outpatient basis after 1.5 weeks.

Mastopathy is a pathology in which the tissues of the mammary glands grow, which leads to a violation normal functioning body, causing discomfort and pain. To date, treatment similar disease may include both conservative and surgical treatment. At the same time, the choice of one or another tactic of therapy is determined by the type of disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's state of health.

Video - What is mastopathy? Mastopathy - causes, symptoms and treatment

Good day, dear readers!

In today's article, we will consider with you such a disease as breast mastopathy, and everything connected with it - symptoms, causes, types, diagnosis, treatment, medicines, alternative treatment, prevention, photos and other useful information. So…

What is breast mastopathy?

Mastopathy- fibrocystic disease of the mammary gland, characterized by pathological growth of its tissues.

The development of the disease is based on the formation of benign fine-grained seals in the chest, often pathogenic, sometimes with the release of a pathological secret.

The danger of mastopathy is the degeneration of a neoplasm from benign to malignant - into breast cancer. In this regard, many doctors regard this disease as a precancerous condition.

It is believed that breast mastopathy does not go away on its own and requires mandatory treatment.

It should also be noted that the term "mastopathy" refers to a group of pathologies of the mammary gland, the common denominator of which is an imbalance in the ratio between connective and epithelial tissues.

The development of mastopathy

Doctors have established that the development of breast mastopathy directly depends on neurohumoral regulation.

Neurohumoral regulation is the physiological regulation of the body by the hypothalamus through the transmission of nerve impulses through the blood and lymph. One of the main roles of neurohumoral regulation is to maintain a normal balance in the body of hormones, metabolites and other neurotransmitters, as well as adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

For example, the release of adrenaline into the blood stressful situation, because of which the body mobilizes forces and muscles in the necessary state to overcome a particular situation.

Hormones are mainly responsible for the formation, development and growth of the mammary gland, especially important in this process are progesterone, prolactin, estrogens and growth hormone. When their balance is regulated at the proper level, everything is fine with breast health, but as soon as a hormonal imbalance occurs for one reason or another, there is a risk of developing mastopathy. However, it should immediately be noted that the development of the disease does not occur at lightning speed, even with pathological factors - for its development, violations must be systematic for several years.

The most important and frequent violations on a hormonal background, the underlying causes of the development of mastopathy of the mammary gland are considered to be progesterone deficiency against the background of an increased level of estrogen and the development of hyperestrogenism, an increased level of prostaglandins and hyperprolactinemia. This condition usually results in proliferation of connective tissue, alveolar and ductal epithelium.

For example, estrogen is responsible for the growth of the epithelium, which occurs due to its division in the alveoli of the glands and lactiferous passages, so a large amount of this female sex hormone enhances the natural development of the breast.

Other pathological factor may be increased production of prolactin, which is directly responsible for the regulation normal growth, development and functioning of the mammary glands. Its excess increases the susceptibility of mammary gland tissues to estrogens.

Mastopathy of the mammary gland is divided into 2 main types- diffuse and nodular, which can be called the stages of this disease.

So, diffuse mastopathy is the beginning of the disease, characterized by the onset of proliferation of connective tissue with the formation of small nodules and strands.

Nodular mastopathy- continuation, or the second stage of the disease, characterized by compaction of nodules and their increase to 7-70 mm.

The nodules can be fibrous, cystic or mixed (fibrocystic) in nature, due to which the disease can be diagnosed as fibrous mastopathy, cystic mastopathy or fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast.

The final stage of the development of the disease can be breast cancer, so it is very important to periodically visit a mammologist for examination, and in which case, treat it in a timely manner.

Spread of mastopathy

Mastopathy has been considered the most common disease of the breast for more than a century.
This disease is diagnosed in 30-45% of all breast diseases, and accompanies in 70-95%, due to which, when visiting a gynecologist and detecting any disease, the patient is usually additionally sent to be examined by a mammologist.

It is also noticed that the number of cases of detection of pathology in the female breast increases after 40 years.

Mastopathy - ICD

ICD-10: N60.1;
ICD-9: 610.1.

Mastopathy - symptoms

Symptoms of mastopathy largely depend on the form of the disease, concomitant diseases and emotional state sick.

The main signs of breast mastopathy:

— Chest pain, which in the initial stages of the disease manifests itself only before the next ones. The nature of the pain can be sharp, dull, aching or pulling, and also so strong that it hurts even for a woman to touch her chest. The pain may also radiate (give) to the arm or shoulder blade. Pain in mastopathy is caused by stagnation in the blood vessels of the chest of blood and swelling of the surrounding tissues, which leads to an increase in the volume of the breast. In addition, an additional factor contributing to pain may be fibrous growths that literally put pressure on nerve fibers located in the chest. At the end of menstruation, the pain usually disappears, but as the disease develops, it haunts the woman on an ongoing basis, intensifying before the next menstruation. The strength of pain or its absence in the presence of fibrous growths also depends on the pain threshold of the patient or the individual characteristics of the branching of the nervous system in the chest.

— breast engorgement, which develops in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, in which the breast increases in size, becomes hard and heavy. This condition of the chest is due to the same stagnation of blood in the blood vessels of the chest and swelling of the connective tissue. On palpation, the chest is hypersensitive.

- The appearance in the chest of one or more nodules (seals).

— Discharge from the nipples after pressing on them, which can be of varying intensity. Allocations can also be very pronounced, and appear without much physical effort. Discharge from mastopathy can be clear, white, greenish, brown or bloody. It must be remembered that discharge is allowed only during pregnancy or lactation, in a different period, the presence of discharge is highly likely to indicate the presence of a pathological process in the breast.

Nodular mastopathy is also accompanied by cystic seals, rounded or oval shape, without clear boundaries, while lobulation is not palpable on palpation.

Complications of mastopathy

Complications can be:

The development of a background inflammatory process, which can join, after the formation of a purulent focus in the chest;
breast cancer.

The main cause of mastopathy of the mammary glands- violation of the hormonal balance in the body of a woman.

The main factors that can provoke the development of mastopathy:

Types of mastopathy

The classification of mastopathy includes the following types of disease ...

By form:

Diffuse mastopathy- the onset of the disease, characterized by the onset of proliferation of connective tissue with the formation of small millet-shaped nodules. Seals in diffuse form can be of the following nature:

With a predominance of the glandular component (adenosis);
With a predominance of the fibrous component (fibroadenosis);
With a predominance of the cystic component (fibrocystosis);
Mixed form (fibrocystic mastopathy).
Sclerosing adenosis;

Nodular mastopathy- continuation of the development of the disease, characterized by an increase in nodules up to a size of 7-70 mm and their compaction. Seals in the nodal form can be of the following nature:

Fibroadenoma;
Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma (phyllodes fibroadenoma);
Angioma;
Hamartoma;
cysts;
Intraductal papilloma;
Lipoma;
Lipogranuloma.

According to ICD-10, the disease is divided into the following types:

Benign breast dysplasia and fibrocystic mastopathy (N60);
Solitary cyst of the mammary gland (N60.0);
Diffuse cystic mastopathy, with the exception of disease with proliferation of the epithelium (N60.1);
Fibroadenosis of the mammary gland, with the exception of fibroadenoma of the mammary gland (N60.2);
Fibrosclerosis of the mammary gland and cystic mastopathy with epithelial proliferation (N60.3);
Ectasia of mammary ducts (N60.4);
Other benign dysplasias of the mammary gland (N60.8);
Benign dysplasia of mammary gland, unspecified (N60.9).

Diagnosis of mastopathy

Diagnosis of the disease includes following methods examinations:

Self-examination of milk jellies using a mirror and probing the chest in a standing and lying position;
Anamnesis;
Mammography;

If there are nodules or tumor-like areas in the breast, a biopsy of the mammary gland is performed, after which the biomaterials taken, together with discharge from the nipples, are subjected to cytological examination.

Treatment of mastopathy

How to treat mastopathy? The tactics of treating mastopathy largely depends on the timeliness of its detection, form, concomitant diseases and the age of the patient.

The main points in therapy are:

1. Drug treatment;
1.1. hormone therapy;
1.2. Non-hormonal therapy;
2. Surgery.

1. Drug treatment of mastopathy

A conservative method of therapy (drug treatment) is used mainly in the diffuse form of the disease. Nodular mastopathy often additionally requires surgical intervention, which is especially important when detecting malignancy of seals.

1.1. Medicines for mastopathy - hormone therapy

Important! Before using medications, be sure to consult your doctor!

Antiestrogens- a group of hormonal drugs aimed at lowering the amount of estrogen in the female body. When using these drugs, pain in the chest is relieved, menstrual cycle, the risk of degeneration of seals into cancerous tumor. Among the side effects can be noted - hot flashes, excessive sweating, vaginal discharge, depression, skin rash, erythema and others, which is associated with a decrease in estrogen levels. The course of treatment usually lasts from 3 to 6 months.

Among the antiestrogens, one can distinguish - "Tamoxifen", "Fareston".

Gestagens- a group of hormonal drugs that have the property of suppressing the production of estrogen by the body, as well as reducing the effectiveness of the pituitary gland performing gonadotropic function. In addition, the use of gestogens normalizes the balance of hormones. The effectiveness of the use of gestagens in 80% of cases of the disease has been noted. However, there are also contraindications, for example - pregnancy, presence and others.

Among the gestogens, one can distinguish - "Orgametril", "Norkolut", "Pregnil", "Progestogel".

Oral contraceptives- group of hormonal contraceptives, the reception of which normalizes the menstrual cycle and reduces pain during menstruation, reduces the signs of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands. The purpose of oral contraceptives is to suppress the production of gonadotropins.

Among oral contraceptives, one can single out Marvelon, Mercilon, Silest, Femoden.

prolactin secretion inhibitors- a group of hormonal drugs that normalize lactation due to an increased level of prolactin in the body. Prolactins help reduce breast cysts, reduce pain in mastopathy, normalize the balance between the production of estrogen and progesterone in the female body, and improve reproductive function. Contraindications is the presence.

Among the prolactins, one can distinguish - Bromocriptine, Parlodel.

Androgens- male hormones that are estrogen antagonists. Androgen-based drugs suppress the excessive activity of estrogens. However, androgen intake has a large number of side effects - amenorrhea, vaginitis, excessive sweating, excessive nervousness, puffiness, weight gain and other disorders of the endocrine system.

Among the drugs-androgens can be identified - "Danazol".

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues- a group of hormonal drugs used to treat fibrocystic mastopathy, but only in cases where other groups of drugs have not found their effectiveness.

1.2. Medicines for mastopathy - non-hormonal therapy

The following groups of drugs enhance the effectiveness of hormonal drugs, and also help relieve symptoms associated with mastopathy.

Vitamin complexes- help strengthen the immune system in the fight against pathology. In addition, the additional intake of vitamins minimizes the side effects of hormonal drugs.
The most common, the reception of which is recommended for mastopathy are -, and.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)- a group of painkillers, which is especially important for severe painful sensations with mastopathy.

Among the drugs NSAIDs can be identified - "Diclofenac", "", "Nise", "", "".

Hepatoprotectors- a group of drugs that support normal work liver, and also protect it from various toxins and restore the cells of this organ (hepatocytes). The use of hepatoprotectors is due to the fact that due to hormonal imbalance, which underlies the development of mastopathy, the liver also suffers.

Among the hepatoprotectors, one can distinguish - "", "Legalon", "", tea with milk thistle.

Enzymes- a group of drugs that contribute to the normalization of the work of organs digestive system. Enzymes normalize the microflora in gastrointestinal tract, eliminate .

Among the enzymes can be identified - "", "Duphalac".

Sedative (sedative) drugs- focused on suppression increased nervousness and mental disorder, which often occurs in women against the background of hormonal imbalance and pain syndrome caused by mastopathy or menstruation.

Among the sedatives can be identified - "Valerian", "Persen", "Tenoten", tincture.

Diuretics- a group of diuretic drugs that help relieve swelling in mastopathy. Doctors recommend taking only mild diuretics.

Among the light diuretics can be distinguished - tincture, herbal preparations.

In addition, in the treatment of mastopathy of the mammary glands, drugs such as Duphaston, Janine, Zoladex, Iodomarin, Mastiol, Utrozhestan and others are often prescribed.

Important! When mastopathy is strictly prohibited the use of alcoholic beverages and smoking.

2. Surgical treatment of mastopathy

Treatment of mastopathy surgically usually carried out with the nodular form of the disease, as well as in the case when conservative treatment has not led to the necessary results.

As surgical method treatment is applied sectoral resection of the mammary gland.
Surgical treatment by this method is carried out under general anesthesia under ultrasound guidance. The chest is preserved. After preliminary marking, the fibroadenoma and part of the glandular tissue are excised. Cosmetic defect is minimal.

Important! Before using folk remedies against mastopathy, be sure to consult your doctor!

Elder. healing property have black elderberries. The fruits of this plant slow down the growth of tumors and help the body fight against cancer cells. For the treatment of mastopathy, you need 2 times a day, on an empty stomach, take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of elderberry juice. The course of treatment is carried out daily, for several months.

Linseed oil. Flax contains phytoestrogens, which have a normalizing hormonal balance effect. For the use of flax as medicinal product you need to eat 1-2 tbsp. tablespoons of flax seeds and drink them with plenty of water. The beneficial effect occurs 10-14 days after the start of administration. Flax seeds are also useful to add to various dishes.

Apricot. Nuclei apricot kernels contain (cyanide, vitamin B17) - toxic substance, which in small doses stops the development of tumors. Among folk healers, apricot pits have long been used to treat cancer. For use in medicinal purposes, you need to take 5 to 10 apricot kernels daily. If there is no apricot, then you can replace them with the kernels of the seeds of plums, cherries, grapes.

Celandine. To prepare the product, it is better to use self-dried, which is cut off for harvesting in the morning, at the root, and dried in a holistic state. To prepare a remedy for mastopathy, you need to grind 1 sprig of dry celandine and pour vodka into a 500 ml jar, then set aside the remedy in a dark place for 15 days to infuse. Next, strain the tincture through a thick cloth, and take following scheme- the first three days, 1 drop, diluted in half a glass of water, after three days, 2 drops, and so reach 15 drops per day. Next, take a 2-month break and repeat the course. Store the product in a dark container in the refrigerator. To measure drops, you can use a vial from any drug.

Rhodiola cold (red brush). Salidroside, which is part of the red brush, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-carcinogenic (antineoplastic) properties. Thanks to salidroside, as well as many others beneficial substances(, cobalt, manganese, silver, chromium, copper, nickel), which are contained in this plant, the use of Rhodiola Cold helps to normalize estrogen metabolism, the production of progesterone, prolactin and maintain the balance of other hormones. You need to use a red brush in the form of decoctions or tinctures. To prepare the product, you need to pour 1 teaspoon of the dried plant with a glass of boiling water, let it brew for 45 minutes, strain and take 2 times during the day.

Sage. You can take this remedy only from 6 to 15 days before ovulation. To prepare the product, you need to put 1 teaspoon of dry crushed powder into a thermos and pour it with a glass of boiling water, let the product brew for 30 minutes, strain and drink 3 times during the day, 15 minutes before meals.

Prevention of mastopathy includes:

Exclusion of the use of alcoholic beverages;
Avoidance of stress, especially systematic;
To give up smoking;
Maintaining an active lifestyle - you need to move more, play sports;
Useful swimming;
Observe the work / rest / sleep mode, sleep at least 8 hours a day;
Eating mainly foods enriched with vitamins;
Regularly visit a mammologist for examination, especially for women over 45;
Undergo examinations with a mammologist for gynecological diseases.

Mastopathy - doctor

Mammologist;

Mastopathy - video

Even small breast problems can develop into something serious and life threatening. Therefore, all experts recommend that women at the slightest symptom consult a doctor.

Mastopathy is one of the most common pathologies of the female breast. More than 50% of women aged 25 to 45 face this problem. Every year the number of sick women increases. This phenomenon is associated with the modern way of life.

The mammary glands are highly dependent on various physiological processes occurring in the body. They undergo changes throughout a woman's life. As a result of exposure to various factors, mastopathy occurs. This is a disease in which, in the event of a hormonal failure, it begins to grow glandular tissue and lumps appear in the chest.

The main causes of the disease:

Impaired ovarian function. The mammary glands are significantly influenced by the ovaries, which produce female hormones. Malfunctions in the work of these organs lead to an imbalance of hormones, because of which the entire reproductive system suffers. But this is one of the options due to which mastopathy appears.
Another factor that significantly affects hormonal balance is sex life women. Abortion, sexually transmitted infections, reduced breastfeeding period, or complete failure from it, oral contraceptives that suppress reproductive function, as well as stress - all this can cause mastopathy.

On the initial stage the development of the disease signs can not be seen. The woman does not feel any discomfort and does not feel changes. There are no symptoms, and pathology can be detected at an early stage only with a planned ultrasound or mammography.

Signs of mastopathy can be noticed on their own already at the next stages of development. In women, there is aching pain in both mammary glands.

Most often, the symptoms spread to the upper chest. Not only chest pain is manifested, discomfort can move to the arm and shoulder. Symptoms may occur intermittently or be present all the time.

In addition to pain, women also experience:

Discharge from nipples. They are strong and weak. Their color can be greenish, brown, whitish and even bloody. Such symptoms signal the last stage of mastopathy.
Swelling and feeling of heaviness in the chest. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced.
Tension increases before menstruation, the size of the gland increases. Such symptoms may be accompanied by headaches and abdominal pain, nervousness and irritability.

A small percentage of women suffering from mastopathy also notice signs such as enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes in the armpits. Any symptoms of the disease should not be ignored.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment

A mammologist deals with the treatment of women's breast problems. The first signs of mastopathy should prompt a woman to visit this doctor. After the examination, the specialist must find out the causes of the disease. To do this, he asks about the regularity of the cycle, the number of abortions and childbirth, genetic predisposition.

After the doctor has studied the patient's history, she should voice all the symptoms. Further examination consists of a manual examination, in which the specialist will determine the degree of formation of seals, the size and condition of the breast and nipples. Also, gland tissues can be examined using ultrasound and mammography. Reviews of such examinations are positive, as they give exact information about the condition of the mammary glands.

When examining women for mastopathy, it is imperative to determine the level of sex hormones, especially estrogen and prolactin. After that, the treatment of pathology begins.

Mastopathy is not breast cancer, but it is with this pathology that it usually begins. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the disease correctly. Without proper therapy, benign neoplasms will quickly develop into malignant ones. It depends not only on the doctor, but also on the woman how successful the treatment will be.

After comprehensive examination mammologist chooses a method of treating mastopathy. Since the disease is characterized by more than one neoplasm, but by a group, there is no single treatment.

To choose the right therapy, consider:

The form and extent of the disease.
duration of pathology.
Concomitant diseases of the endocrine and reproductive systems.
The age of the woman.

Therefore, how to treat mastopathy is decided separately for each case.

For the treatment of some women prescribed hormonal agents. These are drugs that inhibit the function of prolactin, as well as antiestrogens, androgens, progestogens.

Most often, mastopathy is treated with progestogens. These drugs eliminate excess estrogen, which is unfavorable for this pathology. Successfully carried out treatment and antiestrogens. Sometimes these drugs are used in certain stages of breast cancer.

Women aged 45 and older are treated with male hormones androgens. Reviews about such treatment are different, since the drugs are quite serious and can significantly affect the entire body.

Self-treatment hormonal drugs Not recommended. These drugs have serious side effects. Therefore, they are used only in a severe form of the development of the disease, when other means do not help to eliminate the signs and causes of the disease.

Those who have been helped by such methods are left with good reviews, and other women try to protect the rest if they did not help. But hormonal treatment acts differently on each organism, so it is advisable not to pay attention only to reviews.

To cure mastopathy, herbal preparations are often used. Such remedies are called homeopathic. They are used in combination with other methods, since the disease affects the endocrine, vascular, reproductive and nervous systems of the body.

Homeopathic remedies saturate the body with biologically active components that are indispensable for its successful functioning. These drugs rarely have side effects and do not cause Negative influence on the body, as they consist of natural components.

Homeopathic treatment lasts from three months. They help regulate hormones, relieve inflammation, pain and swelling, and reduce the risk of cancer.

Despite the benefits and safety, only a mammologist should prescribe such drugs. Self-medication can lead to sad consequences. Homeopathy reviews are always good. So Natalia, 39 years old, says: “ Homeopathic preparations helped me not only get rid of mastopathy, but also had a positive effect on all health and strengthened the body.

For the treatment of mastopathy, there is a large selection of methods. If the disease is caused by inflammation gynecological diseases or proceeds in the form of purulent mastopathy, antibiotics are prescribed.

Such agents destroy pathogenic microorganisms. The drugs are injected into a vein or intramuscularly. The course should last at least five days.

But for the treatment to be successful, one antibacterial drugs won't be enough. Required A complex approach.

Local funds

For local treatment mastopathy in women use hormone-containing ointments and gels. They help to cope with hormonal disorders. Usually prescribed ointment with progesterone. They stop the growth of neoplasms, and also relieve swelling and pain.

Ointments penetrate deep into the skin and act on the entire gland. Such funds do not affect the general condition of the body in any way and act only at the local level. Ointments are effective only at the site of application.

Such products are usually sold with a spatula for ease of application. Ointments and gels should be rubbed into the skin until they are completely absorbed. Reviews of such funds are positive. Anna, 28 years old. “The diagnosis of mastopathy was a shock for me. But she pulled herself together and began to heal. The doctor prescribed ointments along with other drugs, and they quickly helped me get rid of chest pains.

Other treatments

To eliminate the symptoms of mastopathy and completely get rid of the disease, treatment should also consist of:

Vitamin preparations.
immunomodulatory therapy.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Sedative drugs.

You also need to adjust your diet. Tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa should be excluded from the diet. Need to eat more fruits, vegetables, fiber, reduce consumption fatty foods.

Some women use to treat mastopathy folk remedies. Reviews of this method are positive. So, Svetlana, 42 years old, says: “The ultrasound revealed mastopathy. Prescribed drugs, but severe stress led to the fact that the drugs caused allergies. Then I decided to try folk remedies. Based on the reviews of my girlfriend. A mixture of Kalanchoe with honey in a one-to-one ratio helped. Saw 1 tbsp. l. twice a day and the neoplasms began to decrease.”

Another woman used remedies such as beets and vinegar. Her reviews are also promising. You need to grind 200 grams of beets and heat in a water bath. There you need to add 2 tbsp. l. vinegar and make a compress for the night. The procedure must be repeated at least 10 times.

Folk remedies are also effective only in combination with other methods.