Diseases of the endocrine system symptoms. Hormonal shift after abortion

The human body is an amazing mechanism, all the processes occurring in it are closely interconnected. Accordingly, some disturbances during such processes adversely affect the functioning of organs and systems, cause deterioration in well-being and a variety of health problems. A fairly common nuisance that people of different ages and gender face is a failure in the production of hormones. Let's talk about what hormonal diseases are possible in women and men.

Female hormonal diseases

The hormonal background in women plays an important role for normal well-being and health. It is he who determines the weight of the fair sex, their height and structure of the skeleton, is responsible for the structure of the skin, the condition and color of the hair.

Hormones are produced by many organs of the female body. They are carried along with the blood to different organs, affect them and affect the activity of the body as a whole. Insufficient or excessive production of hormones is fraught with the development of a number of gynecological ailments and other pathological conditions. With such a violation, there is also a change in emotional and physical well-being. In the female body, both female and male hormones are produced simultaneously. All of them must be produced in a certain amount, and be balanced with each other.

Hormonal disorders in women may look like hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, which makes itself felt, and. Sometimes they are represented by ovarian sclerocystosis, in this case we are talking about a violation of the synthesis of sex hormones. Doctors also sometimes face the problem of hyperandrogenism, in which the synthesis of male sex hormones (ailments of the adrenal glands or ovaries) increases. Pathological processes in hormonal disorders in women may look like hyperprolactinemia, in which case we are talking about the development of mastopathy, pathological lactation, anovulatory infertility or hypoplasia of the internal genital organs.

Manifestations of hormonal diseases in women can be very different. Sometimes patients are concerned about cycle disorders - the absence of menstruation, various fluctuations in the menstrual cycle, menstruation can also be short-lived, heavy or painful. There is bloating, dizziness, pressure surges, as well as a breakdown, swelling and some malaise.
Hormonal diseases can be manifested by weight fluctuations, skin problems (rashes, stretch marks) and hairiness.
With such problems, women often face the inability to become pregnant or bear a child. They may be bothered by increased sensitivity and excessive swelling of the breast.
In some cases, hormonal disorders occur during menopause, which causes the development of menopausal syndrome.

Correction of hormonal disorders in women is most often carried out with the help of hormone therapy. Such treatment allows you to cure the disease or eliminate unpleasant symptoms. In some cases, surgical intervention is performed: curettage of the uterus, laparoscopy, etc. After the operation, hormonal treatment can also be performed.

Male hormonal diseases

Hormonal diseases in men are observed almost as often as in women. In the male body, both male and female hormones are also synthesized. And the violation of their ratio leads to the development of various unpleasant symptoms.

Speaking about hormonal disorders in men, doctors most often mean androgen deficiency - testosterone deficiency. This pathological condition can be observed in patients of different ages, including children.

In boys, such an ailment provokes a delay in sexual development: they do not have secondary sexual characteristics (hair does not grow on the body and face or does not grow in sufficient quantity), the voice often remains childish (high), and disproportionate development of muscle mass occurs.

Imbalance of male sex hormones often leads to development - to increased growth of breast hormones. Growth and formation of the penis and testicles may also be impaired.

In adult patients, hormonal fluctuations lead to a decrease in pubic hair, as well as in the armpits. Muscle mass is significantly reduced, testicles may decrease. Sometimes hormonal imbalance becomes the cause (especially in the abdomen).

Androgen deficiency often leads to the appearance of osteoporosis, disorders of the reproductive system, including sexual disorders, and.

Hormonal disorders in men are adjusted depending on the causes of their occurrence, and on the age of the patient. Young people with such a problem are often prescribed stimulant drugs that can activate the sex glands ().

In other cases, hormonal problems require the use of testosterone preparations as replacement therapy.
Another treatment of androgen deficiency in men can be carried out by optimizing the activity of other endocrine glands, represented by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

If you suspect the development of hormonal disorders, both sexes should seek medical help as soon as possible and undergo appropriate therapy. Treatment often allows you to achieve a full recovery or eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of such diseases.

Alternative treatment of hormonal diseases

You can cope with the problem of hormonal disorders not only with the help of drugs, but also with the use of traditional medicine.

So, to increase the amount of estrogen in the blood, women are often advised to use flax seeds. They are a significant source of phytoestrogens. They need to eat half a glass (sixty grams) a day. Seeds can be ground and added to various dishes, including dairy products.

You can cope with many hormonal disorders in women with the help of medicines based on. A tablespoon of such grass must be poured with one glass of hot water. Boil the medicine in a water bath for five to ten minutes, then leave it for three to four hours to infuse. Strain the finished infusion and take it in a tablespoon four to five times a day. It should be noted that the duration of treatment and the timing of taking the boron uterus may vary, depending on the type of disorder and on the list of drugs used.

Therapy of hormonal disorders in women can be carried out with the help of medicinal sage. Steep a teaspoon of dried leaves in a glass of boiling water. Infuse this medicine for a quarter of an hour, then strain. Take the resulting infusion in a third or a quarter of a glass at a time. Drink the finished medicine twenty minutes before a meal three to four times a day. At night, you should not drink such an infusion. Prepare sage every day anew. This drug is most often advised to take with a decrease in your own estrogen in the first half of the menstrual cycle: immediately after the end of menstruation and before ovulation (for ten to eleven days).

Men are often advised to take to optimize hormonal balance. A tincture based on it can be purchased at any pharmacy. To prepare the medicine, grind the ginseng root to a powder state. Pour thirty grams of the resulting substance with a liter of vodka and insist for three to four weeks. Periodically shake the prepared medicine. Filter the finished tincture and take it twenty drops once or twice a day about half an hour before a meal. Take it in the morning and in the afternoon, later you should not take ginseng. Then take a break for a month and repeat the reception.

Even with male hormonal diseases, you can combine fifty grams of dried crushed ginseng roots with half a liter of vodka. Add fifty grams of quality honey to the container. Insist this medicine in a fairly warm place for three weeks. Do not forget to periodically shake the prepared tincture. Take it strained in a teaspoon just before a meal.

Hormonal diseases are quite common in both women and men. For their successful elimination, it is necessary to undergo a complete diagnosis and trust the doctor. The feasibility of using traditional medicine is also not superfluous to discuss with a specialist.

Ekaterina, www.site
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Endocrine diseases are accompanied by a disorder of normal work. They secrete hormones that affect the body and control the work of all organs and systems. Endocrine disruption is characterized by dysfunction, hyper- or. The most important components of this system are the pituitary, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands. In women, they also include the ovaries, in men - the testicles.

The causes of endocrine pathologies that are formed against the background of a lack of certain hormones are as follows:

damage to the endocrine glands due to infectious diseases (for example, with tuberculosis);
congenital pathologies causing (underdevelopment). As a result, such endocrine glands are not able to produce enough of the necessary substances;
hemorrhage in the tissue or, conversely, insufficient blood supply to the organs responsible for the production of hormones;
inflammatory processes that affect the failure of the endocrine system;
the presence of autoimmune lesions;
tumors of the endocrine glands;
nutritional problems, when the body does not receive enough substances necessary for the production of certain hormones;
negative impact of toxic substances, radiation;
iatrogenic causes and others.

Why do diseases caused by excessive production of hormones appear?

Causes of endocrine pathology, which causes excessive production of any hormones:

excessive stimulation of the endocrine glands, which is caused by natural factors or any pathologies, including congenital ones;
the production of hormonal substances by tissues that in an ordinary person are not responsible for this;
the formation of hormones in the periphery from their precursors, which are present in human blood. For example, adipose tissue is able to produce;
iatrogenic causes.

Why do pathologies of a different nature occur?

The latest report of foreign scientists contains information that diseases of the endocrine system often occur against the background of a violation of the transport of hormones or with their abnormal metabolism. Most often, the causes of this phenomenon are liver pathologies, pregnancy and others.

Also often there are hormonal diseases that are caused by a mutation in the genes. In this case, the production of abnormal hormones that are unusual for the human body is observed. This condition is quite rare.

Also, in some cases, human endocrine diseases are observed, which are associated with hormone resistance. The cause of this phenomenon is considered to be a hereditary factor. In this condition, pathologies of hormonal receptors are observed. Active substances produced by the endocrine glands in the right amount are not able to get to the right parts of the body, where they should perform their function.

Diseases of the endocrine system are often characterized by a wide range of associated disorders. Failures during the work of the body occur due to the fact that hormones affect many functions of various organs and systems. Their excess or lack in any case negatively affects a person.

Symptoms of endocrine disorders are:

loss or, conversely, excessive weight gain;
uncharacteristic for a person interruptions in the work of the heart;
causeless increase in heart rate;
fever and constant feeling of heat;
increased sweating;
chronic diarrhea;
increased excitability;
the appearance of headaches, which are most often caused by high blood pressure;
severe weakness, muscle adynamia;
inability to focus on one thing;
drowsiness;
pain in the limbs, cramps;
significant memory impairment;
inexplicable thirst;
increased urination, and others.

Specific signs that indicate the presence of a certain endocrine disease associated with hormones indicate an excess or vice versa - their deficiency.

Diagnosis of violations

To determine a specific endocrine disorder, some studies are carried out to determine the amount and type of missing hormones:

radioimmunological study using iodine 131. Diagnostics are being carried out, which allows you to determine the presence of pathologies in the thyroid gland. This happens on the basis of how intensively some area absorbs iodine particles;
x-ray study. Helps to determine the presence of any changes in the bone tissue, which is typical for certain diseases;
computer and magnetic resonance imaging. Aimed at complex diagnostics of endocrine glands;
ultrasound diagnostics. The state of some glands is determined - the thyroid, ovaries, adrenal glands;
blood test. Determines the concentration of hormones, the amount of sugar in the blood and other indicators that are important for setting a specific indicator.

Disease prevention

To prevent the development of diseases associated with the endocrine system, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

balanced diet. The intake of a sufficient amount of useful substances into the body helps to prevent the appearance of serious pathologies of different localization;
struggle with extra pounds. causes many disorders that can be eliminated only after losing weight;
exclusion of the negative impact on the body of toxic substances, radiation;
timely visit to the doctor. Having identified the first signs of any disease, a person should go to a specialized specialist (). In the initial stages, most diseases respond well to treatment.

Common diseases associated with pituitary dysfunction

Endocrine diseases that are associated with:

. The main manifestation is the excessive growth of a person, which can exceed 2 m. An increase in the size of internal organs is observed. Against this background, other disorders arise - disruption of the heart, liver, diabetes mellitus, underdevelopment of the genital organs and others;
. There is an incorrect (disproportionate) growth of body parts;

precocious puberty syndrome. Characterized by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics at an early age (8-9 years), but the lack of appropriate psycho-emotional development;
. Appears against the background of excessive production of corticotropin, hyperfunction of the adrenal glands. Manifested by obesity, trophic processes on the skin, increased blood pressure, sexual dysfunction, mental disorders;

pituitary cachexia. There is an acute dysfunction of the adenohypophysis, leading to a serious disruption of all types of metabolism in the body and subsequent exhaustion;
. It is observed with a decrease in the production of somatotropin. Such a person has short stature, dry, flabby, wrinkled skin, sexual dysfunction;

. Dysfunction of the endocrine system is caused by insufficient production of sex hormones in both sexes. There is a loss of reproductive function, development of the body according to the type of the opposite sex and other disorders;
. It is accompanied by the release of a huge amount of urine (from 4 to 40 liters per day), which leads to dehydration, unbearable thirst.

Pathologies of the adrenal glands

Endocrine diseases associated with disruption of the normal functioning of the adrenal glands:

. Accompanied by a total lack of hormones produced by the adrenal glands. As a result, the activity of many organs and systems is disrupted, which is manifested by arterial hypotension, polyuria, muscle weakness, skin hyperpigmentation and other signs;
primary hyperaldosteronism. There is an increase in production. Against the background of such a violation, serious pathologies arise - hypernatremia, hypokalemia, alkalosis, hypertension, edema, muscle weakness, impaired renal function, and others;
hormonally active tumors of the adrenal glands. Characterized by the appearance of neoplasms (benign and malignant), which cause disturbances in the production of certain hormones.

Thyroid dysfunction

Endocrine diseases affecting the thyroid gland:

Other endocrine diseases

Endocrine diseases that are associated with the pancreas, ovaries:

diabetes. A disease that is accompanied by a deficiency (pancreatic hormone);
exhausted ovary syndrome. Characterized by early menopause;
resistant ovary syndrome. It is characterized by insensitivity of the organs of the reproductive system to gonadotropic stimulation, secondary after the age of 35;
polycystic ovary syndrome. It is accompanied by a violation of the ovaries due to the formation of multiple cysts, dysfunction of the pancreas, adrenal glands, pituitary gland;
premenstrual syndrome. It occurs due to various reasons and is manifested by different symptoms a few days before menstruation.

The human endocrine system includes many elements that work as a single complex. Male and female organisms are equally susceptible to diseases in this area. Medical students have been studying this issue for years. To do this, they use many sources of information, after which they draw up a communication plan, according to which they make reports and scientific articles.

Bibliography

A guide for emergency physicians. help. Edited by V.A. Mikhailovich, A.G. Miroshnichenko. 3rd edition. St. Petersburg, 2005.
Anosova L. N., Zefirova G. S., Krakov V. A. Brief endocrinology. – M.: Medicine, 1971.
Ovchinnikov Yu.A., Bioorganic chemistry // Peptide hormones. - 1987. - p.274.
Biochemistry: Textbook for universities / ed. E. S. Severina, M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2003. - 779 p.;

Disruptions in the endocrine system are no less dangerous than, for example, disruption of the cardiovascular or digestive system, because they can lead to such serious consequences as the development of diabetes, visual impairment ... The therapist tells readers of the site how identify the first signs of hormonal disorders.

All diseases have different roles. One disease comes at once, with all its might, throwing a daring challenge to the body: who wins?!

The other sneaks up imperceptibly and systematically torments: it “bites”, then it releases, gradually making our existence unbearable.

And the third walks with us hand in hand all our lives, influencing the character, worldview and quality of life on a par with genes and external factors.

Hiding under different masks, diseases often become elusive. It is especially difficult to recognize an endocrine disease (when the normal production of hormones is disturbed in the body).

Often, people with such disorders before getting to the “address” are examined by a variety of specialists, and, disappointed in traditional medicine, self-medicate in vain.

Such patients come to the endocrinologist already when the disease has reached its climax or has changed its face so much as a result of numerous health experiments that it is extremely difficult to diagnose and treat it.

Hormonal balance

Hormonal disorders do not always have specific symptoms. Often their manifestations are similar to a variety of ailments, and sometimes they are perceived only as cosmetic defects.

Therefore, you need to know the warning signs, when they appear, you must immediately seek qualified help.

It is better to exclude a dangerous pathology in a timely manner than to pay with health for your self-confidence and negligence later.

What is the endocrine system?

In the body, there are many organs and individual cell clusters that can produce hormones and participate in the endocrine regulation of vital functions.

The most important are the pituitary and hypothalamus. These glands are located in the brain and, according to their position, control all other organs of the endocrine system: thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gonads and pancreas.

Lesions of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland rarely present with isolated, specific symptoms. Usually, the function of the endocrine glands subject to them also suffers.

What to do?

Possible signs of hormonal imbalance

Hormonal balance

1. Losing weight on the background of increased appetite. Under the advertising slogan “Eat means losing weight!”, Perhaps, a person with an increased function of the thyroid gland is hiding.

In addition to weight loss, usually worries unreasonable and prolonged increase in body temperature up to 37-37.5 ° C, interruptions in the work of the heart, excessive sweating, tremor (trembling) of the fingers, sudden mood swings, nervousness, sleep is disturbed.

With the progression of the disease, sexual function is impaired.

Often, a constantly surprised look - bulging eyes attracts attention. When the eyes are wide open, they shine and seem to stick out: between the iris and the eyelids, a strip of white sclera remains above and below.

2. Obesity can be not only a problem of malnutrition and physical inactivity. Obesity accompanies many endocrinological disorders.

If adipose tissue is deposited evenly throughout the body, appetite is either not changed or slightly reduced, worries dry skin, weakness, lethargy, constant drowsiness, hair loss and brittleness, This suggests a decrease in thyroid function.

Such people have chilliness, decrease in body temperature and blood pressure, hoarseness of voice, periodic constipation.

Hormonal balance

5. A change in appearance is an early sign of acromegaly. Facial features become rough: superciliary arches, cheekbones, lower jaw increase.

The lips "grow", the tongue becomes so large that the bite is disturbed.

This condition develops in adults with excessive formation of growth hormone - somatotropin, which is produced in the hypothalamus.

going on rapid growth of hands and feet. A person is forced to change shoes very often.

Worried about complaints numbness in the limbs, joint pain, hoarseness of the voice, sexual dysfunction. The skin becomes thick, oily, there is increased hair growth.

6. visual impairment can also be a consequence of the pathology of the endocrine system. Rapid and persistent visual impairment, accompanied by persistent headaches, is a reason to suspect a pituitary tumor.

In this case, a characteristic feature is the loss of temporal fields of vision, and other signs of hormonal regulation disorders mentioned above often develop.

7. Skin itching should be a reason for checking blood sugar levels and may be an early sign diabetes mellitus.

In this case, itching often occurs in the perineum (which makes you turn to a gynecologist or dermatovenereologist).

Appears thirst, dry mouth, increased amount of urine and frequent urination.

Furunculosis is a common disease wounds and scratches heal very slowly, weakness and fatigue gradually develop.

Weight can fluctuate both in the direction of obesity and in the direction of weight loss, depending on the form of the disease and the constitution of the person.

Without special therapy, endocrine diseases gradually progress, and, without causing much concern in the initial stages, they manifest themselves in the future with a heavy echo.

You can close your eyes to sweating, weight changes, excessive hair growth for a long time, but what to do when these disorders develop into infertility or turn into severe heart failure, stroke or heart attack, an inoperable tumor?

And how many cases of diabetes mellitus are diagnosed only when a patient is admitted to a hospital in a state of coma?!

But quite a bit of vigilance, attention to one's own health is enough to prevent all these consequences.

Modern diagnostics of hormonal disorders includes a wide range of examinations. Sometimes it is enough for a doctor to look at a patient to make a diagnosis.

In some cases, it is necessary to carry out a lot of laboratory and instrumental studies, including determination of the level of hormones and their metabolites in the blood, functional stress tests, x-ray and ultrasound diagnostics, computed tomography.

Many of the endocrine diseases with timely treatment can be completely cured, while others require constant hormone replacement therapy, while others have indications for surgical treatment.

Take care of your health and those of your loved ones. In most cases, with early diagnosis and properly selected treatment, many endocrine diseases can be controlled or completely cured.

Be healthy!

Natalia DOLGOPOLOVA,
general practitioner

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The field of study of endocrinology is the medical aspects of the structure and functioning of the endocrine glands (or endocrine glands), the study of the biologically highly active substances produced by them - hormones and their effects on the body, as well as diseases arising from the disruption of the activity of these glands or the production of hormones. Endocrinology is the most is closely connected with almost all areas of clinical medicine, since hormones control the most important processes occurring in the body: growth, maturation, reproduction, metabolism, proper functioning of organs and systems.

Modern trends in endocrinology are neuroendocrinology, which studies the relationship between the nervous and endocrine regulation of the body, and gynecological endocrinology, which deals with the correction of hormonal disorders in the female body.

The endocrine system combines anatomically unrelated endocrine glands: pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads. Most diseases of the endocrine glands cause severe violations of vital functions, not excluding death, if you do not consult an endocrinologist in time.

The most urgent problems of modern endocrinology are the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases (diffuse toxic goiter, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, thyroid cysts), diabetes mellitus, diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system (

Contacting an endocrinologist is necessary if:

close relatives have any endocrine pathology: diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, etc.
you are overweight
you have symptoms: increased heart rate, sweating or dry skin, fatigue or irritability, thirst and increased urination, discoloration of the skin, etc.
the child has a delay in mental, physical, sexual development
disturbed menstrual function
you are planning a pregnancy or have problems with its onset
you already have an endocrine disease and require observation and treatment.

For the diagnosis of endocrine pathology, a comprehensive examination is used, including the study of the patient's history, tests for the content of various hormones, ultrasound of the glands, magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the data obtained, the issue of further conservative or surgical treatment is decided.

The treatment of endocrine diseases is aimed at correcting hormonal disorders, achieving a stable remission of the pathological process and restoring the patient's normal quality of life.

All life cycles of the human body are directly related to physiological changes in the hormonal background, which ensure growth and reproduction, development and decay.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the normal state of the hormonal background, since the endocrine system has a decisive influence on many functions of the central nervous system (emotions, feelings, memory, physical and intellectual performance), and also participates in the regulation of the work of all vital organs.

Initially, "hormonal failure" was called the pathology of the endocrine system in women, which was clinically manifested, first of all, by menstrual irregularities.

Recently, however, more and more often the phrase "hormonal failure" is used to refer to various kinds of troubles associated with endocrine regulation disorders in men.

The fact is that, despite all the differences in the structure of the reproductive system, hormonal imbalances cause both men and women many similar symptoms that have a systemic manifestation (disorders of the central nervous activity, obesity, osteoporosis, the development of severe diseases of the cardiovascular system and etc.).

Causes of hormonal failure in women and men

The causes of hormonal disruptions in men and women are very diverse. First of all, it should be noted that the hormonal background is the result of a complex interaction between the central system of neuroendocrine regulation located in the brain (the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary system) and the endocrine glands located on the periphery (male and female gonads).

So all the factors of hormonal failure in their origin can be divided into:
1. Causes associated with violations of the central regulation.
2. Causes due to the pathology of the peripheral glands (infectious and inflammatory diseases, congenital hypoplasia (underdevelopment), tumors, injuries, etc.).

Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, in turn, can be caused by its direct organic damage (severe traumatic brain injury, tumor, encephalitis), or by the indirect influence of adverse external and internal factors (chronic fatigue syndrome, general exhaustion of the body, etc.). P.).

In addition, the general hormonal background is strongly influenced by endocrine glands that are not directly related to reproduction. This is especially true of the adrenal cortex and the thyroid gland.

The causes of hormonal failure can be nervous or physical overexertion, acute infectious diseases, beriberi. According to statistics, practically healthy girls who study on an intensive schedule (lyceums, gymnasiums, etc.) fall into the risk group.

Clinically, JUB is uterine bleeding that develops in girls during puberty (usually within 2 years after the first menstruation), after a delay in the next menstruation for a period of two weeks to several months.

Such bleeding, as a rule, is profuse, and leads to severe anemia. Sometimes SMCs are not abundant, but long (10-15 days).

Severe rebleeding can be complicated by an imbalance between the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood (DIC), against which the bleeding intensifies even more - this condition poses an immediate threat to life and requires emergency medical care.

Signs of hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age

Amenorrhea

The prolonged absence of menstruation, not associated with pregnancy or lactation, in women of reproductive age is called amenorrhea, and indicates a hormonal failure.

According to the mechanism of occurrence, they distinguish:
1. Amenorrhea of central origin.
2. Amenorrhea associated with dysfunction of the adrenal cortex.
3. Amenorrhea caused by ovarian pathology.

Severe mental trauma, as well as physical exhaustion caused by prolonged illness or alimentary factors (prolonged starvation), can lead to amenorrhea of central genesis. In addition, direct damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary system is possible in case of injuries, infectious-inflammatory or oncological processes.

In such cases, hormonal failure occurs against the background of nervous and physical exhaustion, and is accompanied by symptoms of bradycardia, hypotension, anemia.

Amenorrhea can also be one of the manifestations of Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome. In such cases, hormonal imbalance leads to severe damage to many organs and systems. Patients have a very specific appearance: cushingoid obesity (moon-shaped purple-red face, fatty deposits on the neck and upper half of the body with atrophy of the muscles of the limbs), male-type hair growth, purple striae on the body. In addition, arterial hypertension and osteoporosis are characteristic, and glucose tolerance is reduced.

Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome indicates hyperproduction of hormones of the adrenal cortex, so its cause may be neoplasms that secrete these hormones, or pituitary tumors that stimulate the synthesis of steroids in the adrenal glands.

However, the so-called functional hypercortisolism (pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) is quite common, when the cause of hormonal failure is functional disorders of the neuroendocrine system associated with obesity, alcoholism, and neuropsychiatric diseases.

The most common cause of ovarian amenorrhea is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can occur under the influence of stress factors such as the onset of sexual activity, abortion, childbirth, etc. In addition to amenorrhea, the leading symptom of hormonal failure in PCOS is obesity, reaching the second or third degree, as well as male pattern hair growth (on the upper lip, chin, on the inner thighs). Very characteristic signs are also dystrophy of the skin and its appendages (stretch marks on the skin of the abdomen, chest and thighs; brittle nails, hair loss). In the future, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders develop - there is a tendency to develop atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age occurs, most often, due to hormonal failure caused by nervous or mental stress, infectious diseases, abortion, etc.

This disrupts the normal periodicity of the menstrual cycle, and there is a predisposition to malignant neoplasms of the endometrium. The ability to conceive and normal childbearing in women with DMC is reduced.

This kind of hormonal failure most often occurs after 30 years, but it can also develop in young girls. The causes of PMS are not fully understood. Hereditary predisposition is of great importance (the family nature of the pathology is often traced). Provoking factors are often abortions, severe nervous shocks, and infectious diseases.

Risk factors for the development of PMS are susceptibility to stress and physical inactivity (living in big cities, intellectual work, a sedentary lifestyle), as well as malnutrition, chronic gynecological diseases and lesions of the central nervous system (trauma, neuroinfection).

PMS got its name from the time of onset: symptoms appear a few days before the onset of menstruation, peak on the first day of menstrual bleeding, and disappear completely with the end. However, in severe cases, progression of PMS is observed - its duration increases, and light intervals are reduced.

Conventionally, all the symptoms of PMS can be divided into several groups:
1. Neurosis-like disorders: irritability, tendency to depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance (drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night).
2. Migraine-like syndrome: severe headache, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Signs of metabolic disorders (swelling of the face and limbs).
4. Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia (lability of pulse and blood pressure, flatulence).

In severe cases, vegetative-vascular disorders proceed according to the type of sympathoadrenal crises (unmotivated attacks of fear of death, accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate, ending in profuse urination). Such crises indicate the involvement of the adrenal medulla in the process.

Most women complain of hypersensitivity to smells and painful breast engorgement. Often there are violations from various organs and systems (pain in the heart, a slight increase in body temperature, itching of the skin, allergic manifestations).

Today, the list of symptoms of hormonal failure in PMS has exceeded 200 items, but psycho-emotional disorders are the most common. At the same time, depression is more characteristic of young women, and irritability is more characteristic of mature women.

Hormonal failure in women after an abortion

Hormonal failure is one of the most common complications of abortion. It is caused by both a serious mental shock and a breakdown in the complex neuroendocrine restructuring of the body, which begins from the first weeks of pregnancy.

As a general rule, primiparous abortions are much more likely to have complications, regardless of the method of abortion. Of course, the earlier the intervention was made, the lower the risk.

But if we are talking about medical abortion, then in this case, hormonal failure occurs already during the intervention itself. That is why after a medical abortion, a course of hormonal therapy is required to restore the cycle.

Normally, the menstrual cycle should be restored a month after the abortion. If this does not happen, you should immediately consult a doctor.

In addition, the symptoms of hormonal failure after an abortion are:

weight gain;
the appearance of stretch marks on the skin;
symptoms from the nervous system (irritability, headache, fatigue, depression);
instability of blood pressure and pulse, sweating.

Hormonal failure in women after childbirth

After childbirth, a physiological restructuring of the body takes place, which takes a fairly long period of time. Therefore, the timing of the restoration of a normal menstrual cycle is very variable, even in cases where a woman is not breastfeeding.

Weight gain after childbirth during lactation is physiological - this is a side effect of hormones that stimulate milk production. Therefore, lactating women can only be advised to move more, and also to exclude easily digestible high-calorie foods (sweets, muffins, etc.). During lactation, diets are contraindicated.

As a rule, after a period of feeding, the weight gradually decreases as the hormonal background returns to normal.

If in the post-lactation period, despite dietary restrictions and normal physical activity, the weight does not return to normal, the presence of hormonal failure can be suspected.

Thus, it is necessary to consult a doctor in cases where, after childbirth and the end of the lactation period, the following symptoms are observed:

unmotivated weight gain;
signs of virilization (male pattern hair growth);
irregular menstrual cycle, spotting bleeding between periods;
symptoms of neurosis (headaches, irritability, drowsiness, etc.).

Such a hormonal failure after childbirth can be triggered by various adverse factors: stress, acute infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic somatic ailments, gynecological pathology, overwork.

Signs of hormonal failure in women during menopause

Menopause is the period of attenuation of the reproductive function. In women, it occurs after 45 years, and continues until the end of life. Irregular menstruation after the age of 45 is considered a physiological phenomenon if it does not lead to heavy bleeding and is not accompanied by any unpleasant symptoms. It should be noted that for many women, the cessation of menstruation occurs suddenly and painlessly.

However, the physiological decline of the reproductive function today is less common than the so-called climacteric syndrome - a symptom complex caused by hormonal failure.

By the time of onset, all the symptoms of pathological menopause are divided into the following groups:
1. Early - appear two to three years before menopause (complete cessation of menstruation).
2. Delayed - develop over two to three years after menopause.
3. Late - occur five or more years after menopause.

Early signs include the most characteristic symptom of hormonal failure in menopausal syndrome - the so-called hot flashes, which are bouts of heat, especially strongly felt in the face.

Other early symptoms of pathological menopause are in many ways similar to signs of a hormonal failure in premenstrual syndrome: psycho-emotional disorders (irritability, depression, fatigue), vegetative-vascular pathology (palpitations, blood pressure lability, pain in the heart), possible attacks of headaches resembling migraine.

Delayed symptoms are associated with insufficiency of female hormones - estrogens. Estrogen deficiency causes dystrophic lesions of the skin and its appendages.

These processes, as a rule, are most pronounced in relation to the mucous membranes of the female genital organs, and lead to the development of a complex of urogenital disorders (dryness of the vagina, lowering of its walls, pain during intercourse, discomfort during urination, urinary incontinence), in severe cases inflammatory processes (cystitis, vulvovaginitis).

In addition, increased dryness of the skin, brittle nails, and hair loss are often observed.

Late symptoms of hormonal failure in pathological menopause are signs of a gross violation of metabolic processes. The most characteristic are systemic osteoporosis, lipid metabolism disorders (vascular atherosclerosis) and carbohydrate metabolism (decreased glucose tolerance, development of type 2 diabetes mellitus).

The causes of hormonal disruptions in pathological menopause are not fully understood. However, the importance of hereditary predisposition has been proven. As provoking factors, stress, malnutrition, physical inactivity, bad habits (smoking, frequent alcohol abuse) are distinguished.

The risk group for the development of pathological menopause includes women with the following pathologies:
1. Neuroendocrine disorders: premenstrual syndrome, toxicosis of pregnancy and dysfunctional uterine bleeding in history.
2. Diseases of the central nervous system: neuroinfections, neurosis, mental illness.
3. Gynecological pathologies: chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, endometriosis.
4. Complicated obstetric history: abortions, miscarriages, difficult births.

Causes of hormonal failure in men

Male sex hormones (androgens) are produced in the gonads - the testicles. Their products ensure the development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys, as well as high growth, powerful muscles, aggressiveness.

Interestingly, for the normal functioning of the male body, female sex hormones (estrogens) are also needed, so the blood of a healthy man contains more estrogens than the blood of a woman during menopause.

Clinical studies have proven that it is estrogens that provide normal libido (sexual desire decreases both with an excess and a lack of female sex hormones in men). In addition, estrogens are responsible for the normal maturation of spermatozoa and cognitive abilities, and also affect lipid metabolism. Another important function of estrogens is to ensure normal calcium metabolism in the bones.

Most of the estrogen in the male body is formed as a result of the transformation of testosterone in the liver and adipose tissue. Only a small percentage is synthesized directly in the sex glands.

In men, as well as in women, the regulation of the activity of the sex glands is coordinated with the help of a complex hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Thus, hormonal disruptions in men can occur as a result of direct damage to the testicles (congenital anomalies, trauma, infectious and inflammatory processes, etc.) and in violation of the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Accordingly, primary and secondary hypogonadism (primary and secondary insufficiency in the production of male sex hormones) are distinguished.

Secondary hypogonadism (hormonal deficiency of central origin) in men occurs for the same reasons as in women (tumors of the hypothalamic-pituitary zone, trauma, neuroinfections, congenital malformations).

In addition, hormonal failure in men may be associated with an increase in the formation of estrogen from testosterone. This often happens with chronic intoxications, when the metabolism of androgens in the liver is disturbed, and their transformation into estrogens increases (chronic alcoholism, drug use, professional contact with certain poisons, exposure to radiation).

Less commonly, male hormone deficiency can be caused by endocrine pathologies (hyperthyroidism), hormone-active tumors, severe liver and kidney damage that occurs with intoxication (uremia, liver failure).

Symptoms of hormonal failure in men

puberty

Just like in women, men have untimely (too early or too late) sexual development. Despite the difference in the structure of the sexes, the causes and symptoms of untimely development are similar.

Premature sexual development (PPR) in boys is usually associated with neoplasms of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Also found constitutional early sexual development. With PPR, secondary sexual characteristics in boys appear before the age of 7-8 years, there is increased growth, which suddenly stops in adolescence due to premature ossification of bone growth zones.

There are also false PPR associated with the pathology of the adrenal cortex. In such cases, it is combined with obesity and other signs of metabolic disorders. A similar clinical picture develops when eating foods containing a large amount of hormones (milk and meat of animals stimulated with steroid drugs).

Sexual retardation (SPR) in boys is said to be when development is more than two years late compared to the average. Hormonal failure in such cases is most often associated with damage to the central nervous system (trauma, infection, intoxication, etc.), endocrine pathology (obesity, thyroid pathology) or severe chronic diseases that led to general exhaustion of the body.

When making a diagnosis of mental retardation, differential diagnosis with hypogonadism (primary or secondary) should be carried out, as well as the possibility of constitutional mental retardation (hereditary developmental features in healthy children) should be taken into account.

Symptoms of hormonal disruptions in men of reproductive age

Hormonal disruptions in men of reproductive age, as a rule, occur with absolute or relative hyperestrogenemia, and are manifested by the following symptoms:

gynecomastia (breast enlargement);
obesity;
disorders of the nervous system;
decreased libido, disorders in the sexual and reproductive sphere.

Hormonal imbalance can be caused by a variety of reasons: both external (stress, unhealthy lifestyle, overeating, smoking, excessive drinking), and internal (diseases of the central nervous system, endocrine diseases, intoxication, severe damage to the liver or kidneys). Therefore, the clinical picture will be supplemented by signs of the pathology that caused the hormonal failure.

Signs of hormonal failure during menopause in men

Normally, in men, sexual function gradually decreases with age. However, this process is often accompanied by a number of pathological symptoms, the totality of which is called "climacteric syndrome in men."

With pathological menopause in men, as well as in women, symptoms of a violation of higher nervous activity come first:

irritability;
fast fatiguability;
mood lability with a tendency to depression;
tearfulness;
low self-esteem;
feeling of own uselessness;
panic attacks;
decrease in cognitive and creative abilities.

Another characteristic symptom of pathological menopause in men is a sharp decrease in sexual function, which is accompanied by disorders of the genitourinary system (painful urination, urinary incontinence, etc.).

Hormonal failure is manifested by symptoms characteristic of relative hyperestrogenemia: the mammary glands enlarge, there is a rapid weight gain with fatty deposits according to the female type (on the abdomen, thighs, chest), often the type of pubic hair growth resembles a female, facial hair growth stops or weakens and on the body.

Dystrophic changes in the musculoskeletal system are rapidly growing: osteoporosis, muscle flabbiness and weakness develop, patients complain of pain in the joints and bones.

Violations of the cardiovascular system are very characteristic: pain in the region of the heart, palpitations, hypertension and atherosclerosis develop.

The skin becomes dry and atrophic, brittle nails appear, hair falls out.

Violations of the vegetative-vascular system resemble the symptoms of female menopause: hot flashes, excessive sweating are often encountered.

The development of pathological menopause in men is facilitated by diseases of the central nervous system (traumatic brain injury, neuroinfections, intoxication), pathologies of the endocrine system (obesity, thyroid disease), liver disease, unhealthy lifestyle (physical inactivity, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking) .

To provoke a hormonal failure can be a strong prolonged nervous strain or a severe somatic disease. There is evidence of a hereditary predisposition to the occurrence of hormonal disruptions. In addition, men with a history of hormonal disruptions (delayed puberty, sexual dysfunction during the reproductive period) are at risk for the development of pathological menopause.

Diagnostics

When signs of hormonal failure appear, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive medical examination, including all the necessary tests to determine the level of hormones, as well as a study of the state of internal organs that could suffer from hormonal imbalance (diagnosis of osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, etc.).

In addition, it is necessary to exclude severe organic pathologies that often cause hormonal failure (hormone-producing tumors, severe lesions of the central nervous system, cirrhosis of the liver with gynecomastia, etc.).

Of course, differential diagnosis should be carried out between various neuroendocrine disorders (primary or secondary hypogonadism, hormonal deficiency or Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, etc.).

Treatment of hormonal failure

In cases where it is possible to radically eliminate the cause of hormonal failure (hormone-producing tumor), etiological treatment is carried out.

If the cause is unremovable (climacteric syndrome, primary hypogonadism), according to indications, hormone replacement therapy is prescribed.

Hormonal disruptions in women and men of the reproductive period can often be corrected by the course administration of hormonal drugs, in cases where they are not caused by a serious organic pathology.

Of great importance in the treatment and prevention of hormonal disruptions in women and men is a healthy lifestyle:

correct daily routine;
healthy eating;
dosed physical activity;
getting rid of bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug use);
prevention of stress reactions.

According to indications, vitamin therapy, herbal medicine, physiotherapy, spa treatment are carried out.

16 Symptoms of Hormonal Failure Everyone Should Know to Take Action on Time - Video

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