Dog bite: what you need to know. Alternative methods of treating bites

Dog - best friend person. With this statement, of course, most people agree. Indeed, the devotion of this animal has become a byword. However, despite its remarkable qualities, a dog can cause significant harm to a person - bite. Everyone should know what to do if a dog attacks, how to minimize the harm from meeting an aggressive animal, and how to treat the consequences of bites.

Why is a dog bite dangerous?

More than 150 thousand Russians seek medical help every year after being attacked and bitten by dogs. Dozens of people are dying from rabies transmitted by dog bites. The number of cases of dog aggression is increasing in summer period, and people suffer more from pets than from the homeless. Most often, bites are received by adult men and children: babies of two to four years of age and adolescents of 10–14 years.

The worst of all are the bites of dogs of fighting and some service breeds: German Shepherds, Bull Terriers, Rottweilers, Pit Bulls, Dobermans. The bite force of these animals is very high and they cause serious damage.

A dog bite is an injury, the danger of which depends on many factors:

Bite forces - wounds can be different:
- superficial (chipped), when the integrity is slightly violated skin; such injuries in the absence of complications heal quite quickly;
- torn when bites are much deeper - torn can be soft tissues, and in some especially severe cases, joints, bones, and ligamentous apparatus are damaged.
Bite sites: in adults, the legs (ankles) and arms (hands and forearms) are most often affected, dogs can bite children on the neck, face, head. The most dangerous is the damage in the neck and head, deep wounds in these places can be fatal.
Dog health conditions - with the saliva of an aggressive animal, various bacteria and viruses enter the wound, among which the rabies virus is the worst.

The most dangerous dog bites in the neck, head and face

Rabies is a serious disease that is transmitted through the saliva of a sick animal. The disease is terrible with a 100% fatal outcome. You can become infected with the virus not only when saliva enters a bitten wound, but also in the case of salivation of damaged skin or mucous membranes.

It is worth knowing that the virus is contained in the secretions of the animal 8-10 days before visible symptoms illness. Therefore, with the bite of any dog, even seemingly healthy, it is necessary to contact medical institution.

The fact that a dog is sick can be determined by its appearance and behavior:

salivation, foaming from the mouth;
sagging of the lower jaw;
vomiting
periodic convulsions;
a hoarse, muffled bark.

It is likely that an aggressive dog with a drooping jaw has excessive salivation and develops seizures, sick with rabies

The dog is excited, aggressive, ready to attack, can gnaw the ground or objects that have fallen into its field of vision.

What is the likelihood of contracting rabies from a sick animal? It directly depends on which part of the body the bite fell on. If the area of the neck or facial tissue is damaged, then the possibility of getting sick is very high and amounts to 90%. With a bite on the hand, the probability of infection is 50-60%, if the lower leg, shoulder or thigh is injured, then the percentage is even lower - about 20.

In addition to infection with rabies, after a bite, there is a high probability of developing tetanus, the causative agent of which can be present in the soil, on various objects and easily get into the wound. Tetanus is a disease whose prognosis is always disappointing.

In addition to the possibility of getting sick with tetanus or rabies, dog bites can carry the following consequences:

Significant blood loss if the wounds are very serious; large arteries may be torn or organs damaged, causing internal bleeding.
Wound infection - occurs in 15–20% of all bites; more often it is a local purulent-inflammatory process, in rare cases- systemic infection with the development of a formidable complication - sepsis. In the mouth of a dog, there are many different microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans. Once in the wound, microbes cause it to become infected. Depending on the type of pathogens that got into the wound and the condition immune system affected development time inflammatory response varies from 8 to 24 hours.
Psychological trauma. An attack by an aggressive dog is especially dangerous for children, pregnant women and the elderly. Weak children, old people and women are not able to give an active rebuff to the animal, therefore high risk serious damage. In addition, bites threaten consequences in the form of shock in the child and the threat of termination of pregnancy in future mother. A bite from an elderly person can result in a heart attack, requiring immediate attention.

Symptoms: local and general reaction to the bite

IN best case, if the dog is not very large and the bite fell on a part of the body covered with thick clothing, you can only get rid of hematomas from compression of soft tissues with teeth without damaging the skin. Even a weak bite of a dog is quite painful; with severe injuries, the pain is very pronounced.

Puncture wound - skin punctures with minor bleeding which is easy to stop. After the blood stops, the wound may ooze, edema (swelling) and redness occur around the punctures, a rash in the form small pimples, the skin may itch or, conversely, become insensitive (numbness). These signs indicate that the bite is quite deep and an inflammatory reaction is developing. ABOUT purulent process they can speak of increased pain, swelling, discharge from the wound with a characteristic odor, and these symptoms appear a few hours after the bite. Nearby lymph nodes increase, general weakness, fever joins.

A dog can inflict with its teeth stab wounds and abrasions - such injuries in the absence of infection are easier to treat than lacerations

Lacerations are accompanied by severe bleeding, pain, severe weakness and malaise, possibly pain shock. The likelihood of infection with such injuries is much higher.

Tissue damage from bites large dogs can be very significant

If the bitten dog was sick with rabies, then the first signs of infection in humans can be detected as early as a week after the attack. Time initial manifestations disease is associated with the site of the bite, the depth and extent of the injury. The closer the damage is to the head (brain), the sooner symptoms appear.

The first period of the disease is short - only 1-2 days, it manifests itself in this way:

in the area of \u200b\u200bhealed bite, soreness occurs again;
body temperature may rise;
worries headache and severe weakness;
the infected person becomes irritable, depressed, loses appetite, develops causeless anxiety, fear, melancholy, disturbed sleep.

Further development disease leads to irreversible damage the work of the most important centers (respiratory and vasomotor) and the patient dies.

The most terrible consequence of a dog bite is infection with a deadly disease, rabies.

The prodromal phenomena characteristic of rabies are similar to the first signs of at least dangerous disease- tetanus. The incubation period of this severe infectious disease lasts from a week to a month. The patient has a dull nagging pain at the site of injury, the surrounding muscles may tense and twitch. During this period, the patient may complain of weakness, headache, sweating, loss of appetite. Then the symptoms characteristic of the disease join - tension and convulsions of the masticatory and mimic muscles (trismus and "sardonic smile"), painful difficulty in swallowing, severe tension in the muscles of the back of the head. The further development of the infection is manifested by tetanic (generalized) convulsions - the strongest involuntary contractions of the skeletal muscles, while the patient feels excruciating pain. In the worst case, tetanus can lead to muscle tears, compression fractures spine, asphyxia and cardiac arrest.

What to do in case of a bite wound

If the bite is not up to blood, and the dog simply clenched the soft tissues with its teeth, it is enough to wash off the saliva that has got on the skin with a stream of water and soap, disinfect this place with any available antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, alcohol) and apply cold.

With any bite to the point of blood, even if the aggression was shown by a pet that received vaccinations, you must contact the nearest medical institution - emergency room, clinic, hospital. Extensive lacerations, especially in the head area, require first aid and an immediate call for an ambulance. Early treatment and prevention of rabies and tetanus can save the victim's life.

First aid

Before sending a bitten person to the hospital or the arrival of an ambulance, certain manipulations must be carried out. Action algorithm:

Wash the wound thoroughly. To do this, you need a stream of water and soap. The best option - laundry soap(rabies virus dies in an alkaline environment) or liquid soap, detergent(not washing powder!) which is needed in in large numbers dissolve in cool boiled water. If this is not available, you can use clean bottled or tap water. The liquid should not be too warm, so as not to provoke even more bleeding, and very cold, so as not to cause a sharp vascular spasm.
After a bite, the wound must be washed with soap and water, preferably household
If the bleeding is not too massive and large main vessels, you need to allow the blood to flow freely from the wound so that impurities are washed out with it.
Bite treatment. The wound itself (cavity) can be disinfected with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, the edges of the damage must be treated with any available antiseptic: an iodine-containing preparation (5% iodine solution, Betadine), 70% ethyl alcohol, Miramistin, Chlorhexidine.
After washing with soapy water, the bitten wound should be washed with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
Apply a bandage to the wound, preferably sterile: bandage, napkin, gauze. If there is no sterile material or bandages, you can apply a clean cotton cloth and bandage it loosely.
After treatment of the wound, it is necessary to apply a bandage to it, preferably sterile
Severe bleeding should be stopped with a tourniquet or maximum flexion of the affected limb. Elevated position of the injured arm or leg will also help.

The wound should not be cauterized, any ointments should be applied, bandaged tightly, napkins, bandages, etc. should be placed in the cavity.

Further treatment

Upon arrival at the hospital, the patient is treated for bites:

scratches, abrasions, small puncture wounds are treated with an antiseptic and a sterile bandage is applied;
deep lacerations are subject to PST (primary surgical treatment):
- under local or general anesthesia removed from the wound foreign objects, blood clots, dead tissue;
- process the cavity antiseptic solutions.

To prevent secondary infection, sutures are not applied to bitten wounds. Large vessels are sutured in case of massive bleeding or torn tissues in case of very extensive injuries. At the same time, primary sutures are applied with a drainage-flushing system, secondary sutures are applied, or skin plastic surgery is performed. The latter is indicated for elimination cosmetic defects- if the bites fell on the soft tissues of the face.

Bitten wounds of small size are treated with antiseptics and stitches are not applied.

According to indications, diagnostic measures can be carried out:

taking swabs for bacteriological research material;
blood sampling to identify infectious agents;
ultrasonic or x-ray examination if it is suspected to be present deep in the wound foreign body or injury to bones and joints.

After the measures taken, the patient may be allowed to go home or offered hospitalization. Indications for inpatient treatment are the following states:

extensive deep damage;
signs of wound infection (fever, swelling and redness of surrounding tissues, purulent discharge);
infection with dangerous pathogens;
patient's immunocompromised state.

Along with local treatment, the patient is given systemic therapy that includes antibiotics dog bites prescribe Amoxiclav or Augmentin, Ceftriaxone or Ciprofloxacin, Lincomycin. Antibiotic therapy continues for 7 days.

The decision to use is decided by the doctor on an individual basis; dog bites are usually treated with penicillins or cephalosporins

If treatment is carried out in a hospital, the victim is prescribed intravenous drip introduction physiological or 5% glucose solution. At big blood loss- blood substitutes.

At home, for the prevention of purulent inflammation, washing with a 1% solution of Dioxidine can be used, synthomycin emulsion should be applied to the wound. Change the bandage as needed.

Video - what to do if bitten by a dog

Preventive vaccination

After the attack and bites of the dog, the victim must undergo anti-rabies (against rabies) vaccination and administration tetanus toxoid. Rabies vaccination is not done if the aggressor - domestic dog, vaccinated against rabies, while the owner has documented evidence of this fact.

A patient bitten by a stray or unvaccinated domestic dog may be given rabies immunoglobulin (before the vaccine is given) if no more than 72 hours have passed since the attack. Immunoglobulin, which is ready-made antibodies that neutralize the virus, is injected around the wound and into its depth. This method is used if the damage occurred on the neck, face, head, genitals, or in case of very deep wounds, regardless of localization, and also in the case when the saliva of the attacking dog got on the mucous membranes, for example, in the eye or mouth.

The rabies vaccine (a weakened virus that stimulates the production of antibodies to the pathogen) is injected intramuscularly into the upper arm. The course consists of only 6 procedures according to the scheme: after the first injection, 2 days should pass, after the second - 3 days, next vaccination do on the 14th day after the first injection, then on the 30th and 90th day.

The course of vaccination against rabies consists of 6 injections according to a certain scheme.

The number of injections depends on the information about the bitten dog. It is recommended to monitor the animal that attacked for 10 days. If during this time the dog has not become ill with rabies, the victim receives only 3 injections of the rabies vaccine. In the event of the death of an animal or the impossibility of obtaining data on it, a full course vaccination. The victim should be treated regardless of the time of treatment, even if several months have passed since the incident.

For a vaccine, there may be adverse reactions:

fever;
headache;
swelling of the cervical and axillary lymph nodes;
locally - soreness, swelling and redness at the injection site.

After the introduction of immunoglobulin, complications are possible:

development of a local allergic reaction (after 1–2 days);
anaphylactic shock;
serum sickness(one week after injection).

Therefore, the places of vaccination and administration of immunoglobulin should be equipped with means for anti-shock measures, and the medical staff will observe the patient for 30 minutes after injections.

During the course of treatment and six months later, you can not use alcoholic drinks, overheat and hypothermia, perform heavy physical work.

Video - how to protect yourself from rabies

Alternative methods of treating bites

Non-traditional treatment cannot replace a visit to the doctor. Apply folk recipes possible only as an addition to traditional methods dog bite therapy.

Traditional healers offer different variants treatment of bitten wounds: local compresses, reception herbal infusions and decoctions inside. In any case, the wound must first be thoroughly washed with soap. Then you can make lotions or compresses, for which they use:

saline solution (1 large spoon per liter of boiled water);
diluted 1:1 alcohol tincture propolis;
fresh aloe juice;
a mixture of garlic, onion and salt (1 tablespoon of grated onion and garlic with the addition of a teaspoon of salt);
onion gruel with honey (1 chopped onion mixed with a tablespoon of honey);
fresh nettle, crushed to a homogeneous gruel with the addition of salt;
crushed leaves of the meadowsweet (shelomaynik) or plantain;
dry herb powder;
herbal infusion:
- 1 st. St. John's wort mixed with 2 tbsp. spoons of yarrow, pour boiling water (300 ml), let it brew for 2-3 hours; strain and apply gauze pads soaked in the product to the wound;
infusion of eucalyptus or calendula flowers (20 g of dry raw materials per 300 ml of boiling water).

These remedies can only be used for minor puncture injuries. With lacerations, you must definitely go to the hospital.

Inside, you can take decoctions and infusions of herbs with wound healing and bactericidal action.

Infusion of cloves:

Dry cloves (10-15 pieces) are steamed in a glass of boiling water.
Insist 1.5-2 hours, strain.
Take 1 large spoon three times a day before meals.

Sweet clover herb infusion:

In a glass of boiling water, you need to take 1 teaspoon of the plant, insist for 6 hours.
Drink the medicine in a tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.

Immortelle tincture:

Pour 10 g of dry raw materials with boiling water (250 ml), insist for an hour.
Take 1 large spoon three times a day half an hour before meals.

Photo gallery - non-traditional treatment of dog bite wounds

Immortelle is used to treat dog bites both externally and internally. Cloves have disinfectant and wound-healing properties, so its infusion is used to treat dog bites. Sweet clover is used as a wound healing agent Grinded nettle leaves are applied to the site of bites.
Onion-honey mixture is used to treat bites as an anti-inflammatory agent. fresh leaves plantain or juice from them is applied to bitten wounds for healing Aloe juice has powerful anti-inflammatory and regenerating properties. Calendula is famous for its anti-inflammatory properties, so it is used to treat wounds, including bites.

Nutrition of the victim

There is no need to follow a special diet after a dog bite. Nutrition should be complete, rich in vitamins and minerals in order to accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues. You need to consume foods high content vitamins of groups B, C, A, E, K and D.

In the first days after strong bites, given the possibility of developing an inflammatory reaction, acidosis and edema in the area of injury, it is advisable to eat alkalizing foods (vegetables and fruits) and somewhat limit salt in the diet.

protein sources:
- veal, turkey, chicken, dairy and sour-milk products;
correct carbs:
- fresh fruits, vegetables (including legumes and leafy vegetables), berries, whole grain breads, cereals;

More than 150,000 people in Russia suffer from dog bites every year, and dozens of deaths from rabies are recorded.
An increase in cases of dog bites is recorded in the period June-September.

There are ten times fewer victims of bites from stray dogs than those who have been bitten by dogs with owners.
Dogs are the most dangerous fighting breeds(pit bulls, rottweilers, German shepherd mestizos, german shepherds, Dobermans, etc.)

Dog bites are more common in men, children aged 1-4 years and children 10-13 years old.
Bites predominate in the legs (in adults), in children in the head, face, neck.

More than 15% of all dog bites are complicated by infection and development inflammatory process.
For humans, the most common source deadly disease how rabies become sick dogs.

What are the consequences of a dog bite for a person?

First of all, this is infection of the wound and the development of a local purulent-inflammatory process, which occurs in 15-20% of all bites. In addition, systemic infection and the development of sepsis (rarely) are possible if a microorganism enters bloodstream person.

Most often, the following microorganisms cause wound infection: Pasteurella (40-50%), Streptococcus (35-45%), Staphylococcus (30-40%), and microbes that multiply in an oxygen-free environment Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes, etc. (20-30% ). In most cases, the microbial flora in infected wound mixed. All of these microorganisms are found in oral cavity dogs and bite into the area of the wound.
The development of a wound infection usually occurs 8-24 hours after the bite.

Symptoms of an infection in a wound:
Local:

Signs of inflammation - redness, swelling, pain
Purulent discharge, sometimes with an unpleasant odor
Enlargement of adjacent lymph nodes

General symptoms:

Increase in body temperature
Possible headache
Slight malaise, weakness

Possibility of contracting diseases such as tetanus and rabies.

What is rabies?

Rabies- the hardest infection caused by a virus. It is transmitted through the bites and saliva of sick animals. The disease is accompanied by damage to the neurons of the spinal cord and brain. With absence timely treatment leads to death in 100% of cases.

Who can infect with rabies?

1. The main sources of the rabies virus are wild animals:

In Russia, 90% is a fox
raccoon dog
Korsak
Arctic fox (in the tundra zone)
In recent years, rabies has been recorded in beavers, ferrets, badgers, gray rats, martens, wild cats, elks, house mice, and gray rats.
Spreaders of the disease can be: squirrels, muskrats, nutria, hamsters, bears, bats.

2. Pets, such as dogs, cats, small and large cattle, etc., which are usually infected with rabies from wild animals.

The disease is not transmitted from person to person!

How does infection occur?

When bitten by sick animals
When the saliva of a sick animal gets on the mucous membranes or on damaged skin

The saliva of a sick animal becomes contagious already 8-10 days before the onset of the disease!

Symptoms of rabies in a dog

Appearance:

Profuse salivation and vomiting
Strabismus
Dropping of the lower jaw
Hoarse and muffled barking
I have occasional seizures

Behavior:

The animal is aggressive, excited
Unexpectedly can pounce on a person
Gnawing on the ground, various objects

The mechanism of the development of the disease

Through damaged areas of the skin or through the mucous membranes, the virus enters the nerve endings. On which, at a speed of approximately 3 mm per hour, it moves to the spinal cord and brain. Having reached the structures of the brain, the virus penetrates the neurons, where it begins to multiply. After that, the virus moves in the opposite direction from the center to the periphery. The virus spreads throughout the body (salivary, lacrimal glands, kidneys, lungs, intestines, skeletal muscles and etc.). The appearance of salivation, increased sweating, convulsive contractions of the respiratory and swallowing muscles is associated with damage to the structures of the central nervous system. Death occurs from damage to vital centers (vasomotor and respiratory).

In all cases, does a person develop rabies from the bite of a sick animal?

The likelihood of developing the disease depends on the site of the bite. So, with a bite in the neck or face, the disease occurs in 90% of cases, with bites in the arms (hands) - 60%, with bites in the shoulder or thigh in 23% of cases.

Symptoms of rabies in humans

On average, the disease develops 1-2 months after the bite, but the onset of the disease is possible both 7 days and a year after the bite. The rate at which symptoms appear depends on the depth, extent of the bite, and most importantly, its location. The closer the bite is to the brain, the faster the disease develops. The symptoms of the disease develop most quickly after a bite to the head, face, neck, and much later after bites to the lower extremities.
The disease is characterized by 3 main periods, which are characterized by certain symptoms.

The initial period or the period of precursors of the disease(duration 1-3 days)

Symptoms:

Pain and discomfort in the bite area (which occur through long time after a bite on a healed wound)
Possible rise in temperature
Violation mental state(depression, irritability, isolation, refusal to eat, sleep disturbance, feeling of fear, longing, fear of death, anxiety).
General malaise, headache

The period of the height of the disease or the period of excitation(duration 2-3 days)

Symptoms:

During this period, there are attacks of excitement, which are accompanied by both mental and physical excitement. At the time of an attack, a person has muscle cramps, pharynx, larynx, diaphragm, facial muscles, pupils dilate, there is a characteristic expression of horror on the face. During an attack, consciousness changes, hallucinations, delusions occur. The patient's breathing quickens, becomes uneven with deep noisy whistles, it is possible to stop breathing at the height of the attack. Attacks last from a few seconds to minutes, with time their frequency increases.
An attack can provoke an attempt to drink water (fear of water - hydrophobia), or a breath of air (aerophobia), loud noise(acousticophobia), bright light (photophobia).
The patient has a strong salivation, constantly spitting saliva, foam appears from the mouth. The occurrence of foam from the mouth is associated with a violation of the act of swallowing in combination with excessive salivation.
The patient is very agitated, screaming, rushing about, aggressive, can attack with fists, bite. Excessive emotional activity can last from 2-3 hours to 2-3 days.

Period of calm or imaginary improvement (duration 1-3 days)
- Cessation of convulsions and excitement
- Conscience clears up
- Death occurs from a block of the respiratory or vasomotor center.

Rabies diagnosis

The diagnosis of rabies is mainly based on the symptoms of the disease and the history of its occurrence. However, it is possible to isolate the virus from saliva or cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, there is an analysis from the imprint of the cornea or a piece of skin on the back of the head that allows you to identify the causative agent of the disease. The most accurate diagnosis is established posthumously, when specific inclusions in neurons (Babes-Negri bodies) are determined during the analysis of the patient's brain.

Consequences of rabies

4 days after the onset of the first symptoms of the disease, 50% of patients die, after 20 days 100% of the diseased.

Rabies Prevention

Usually, prophylaxis is carried out for persons who have a high risk of contracting rabies (dog hunters, hunters, veterinarians, foresters, slaughterhouse workers). At the first stage of vaccination, 3 injections of 1 ml of vaccine are made (on the first day, on the 7th and on the 30th). The next vaccination in a year (1 injection). Then every 3 years, 1 injection.

Contraindications for prophylactic vaccination

Pregnancy
Allergic reactions to previous administration this drug(rash, angioedema, etc.)
Allergy to antibiotics
Acute diseases(infectious and non-infectious nature), chronic diseases in exacerbation, vaccination should be carried out one month after recovery.

First aid for a dog bite

How to give first aid to a bitten, a guide


What to do?	How?	For what?
1. Wash the wound	Wash the wound under running water with soap for at least 5 minutes (you can use another cleanser that dissolves fats)	The rabies virus dies in an alkaline environment, under the action of disinfectants and fat solvents.
2. Treat the wound and its edges	It is necessary to use one of the antiseptics, agents that kill microbes and prevent their reproduction: Alcohol 70% 5% iodine solution Hydrogen peroxide Betadine Chlorhexidine Miramistin	Disinfection, prevention of infection and wound suppuration. Hydrogen peroxide can be poured into the wound cavity, which will have three effects at once. positive effects: mechanically remove various impurities that have fallen into the wound, stop bleeding and disinfect the wound.
The edges of the wound are not excised or sutured for the first three days after the bite. Prevention of secondary infection. Sutures are applied only when extensive wounds, to stop bleeding on the vessels, and for cosmetic reasons (bites in the face).
4. Stop bleeding (if any)	Ways to temporarily stop bleeding: Tourniquet application Finger pressure vessel Maximum limb flexion Elevated position of the limb pressure bandage See article - First aid for bleeding	Stop blood loss Buy time to be able to provide specialized medical care save a life
5. Apply a sterile dressing	If possible, use sterile material (bandages, napkins, gauze bandages, etc.).	Prevents further contamination of the wound and the ingress of various microorganisms into it.
6. Administer the rabies vaccine (the procedure is painless, free of charge)	Immunoglobulin against rabies(introduced around the wound and into the depth of the wound). Dose 40 IU/kg and 20 IU/kg. Always administered prior to the administration of the vaccine. For special indications. Rabies vaccine (KOKAV) Enter intramuscularly in the shoulder(deltoid muscle), for children under 5 years old - in the thigh (upper part of the anterior - lateral surface). Do not inject into the gluteal region. There are 2 main schemes for administering the vaccine, which depend on the severity of the bite. The number of injections is not more than 6! Scheme: Day 0 - 1st injection (1ml) 3rd day (1ml) 7th day (1ml) 14th day (1ml) 30th day (1ml) 90th day (1ml) Scheme: On the first day of treatment, immunoglobulin is administered before the introduction of the vaccine. And then 6 injections according to the above scheme. After the introduction of the vaccine, the patient must be observed for at least 30 minutes. Vaccination sites should have all the necessary conditions to provide anti-shock treatment. After the course of treatment, a certificate is issued indicating the type and series of vaccines administered and mentioning post-vaccination reactions. It is forbidden: during the course of vaccinations and 6 months after drinking alcohol overwork supercool overheat	Vaccine (KOKAV) is a neutralized virus that contributes to the development of immunity to the rabies virus. Possible adverse reactions (rare): redness, itching, swelling at the injection site, swollen lymph nodes (axillary, cervical), malaise, weakness, fever, headache. Immunoglobulin- is a protein that neutralizes the rabies virus. Possible side effects immunoglobulin: anaphylactic shock, local allergic reaction(1-2 days after injection); serum sickness (usually 6-8 days after administration).
Some features of therapeutic vaccination: The number of injections depends on the information about the bitten animal. Animals attacking a person should be caught if possible. The following categories of animals are subject to slaughter: wild, stray, unvaccinated animals that have committed an unprovoked attack on humans, sick animals with symptoms of rabies. The brain of a slaughtered animal is used to diagnose rabies. In places where rabies among domestic animals is not common, outwardly healthy dogs and cats, isolate and observe them for 10 days. If after the expiration of the period the animal does not get sick, then in this case the bitten person receives only the first 3 "rabies shots". Vaccination is not carried out if the bitten animal was vaccinated, while the owner of the dog has all Required documents confirming the vaccination of the animal. 2. In what cases is treatment with immunoglobulin performed? Scheme 1 (without immunoglobulin): when sick animals salivate intact skin, with abrasions, if there are single scratches or bites of the upper, lower extremities and torso (excluding genitals, face, head, fingers and toes). Scheme 2 (with immunoglobulin): when saliva gets on the mucous membranes, bites in the face, head, neck, genitals, fingers and toes, when deep bites regardless of the place of the bite, with bites of any nature inflicted by wild animals, rodents, bats. 3. If a person who received a full course of vaccines after being bitten by a dog is attacked again, but since last injection 1 year has not passed. Then such a person will receive only 3 injections with the vaccine (on the 0th, 3rd and 7th day). 4. Breast age child or pregnancy is not a reason to refuse medical vaccinations. 5. Treatment is carried out regardless of the time the victim applied for help (possibly a few months after the bite). 6. Vaccinations after a dog bite to children Doses and schedules for administering vaccines are the same for children and adults For children under 5 years of age, the vaccine is injected into the thigh (upper part of the anterior - lateral surface)

Prevention of dog bites

Do not approach a dog guarding its puppies
Do not suddenly disturb the dog if he is sleeping
Don't touch the dog while it is eating.
Respect the dog's territory (her place, etc.)
Don't let your child touch unfamiliar dog
Don't leave your child alone with the dog

First aid for a dog bite should not only stop bleeding, but also prevent infection with bacteria that are contained in saliva. A common dog bite can lead to abscess, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and meningitis. by the most dangerous infections are tetanus and rabies. The consequences can be dire, including death.

The dog that has bitten should be tried not to be left out of sight, since the state veterinary service is obliged to monitor the animal and find out how dangerous the dog is to others. If the dog is not a stray, you need to find out from its owner whether the animal has been vaccinated against rabies within the last 2 years. This information is extremely important.

The situation is more complicated if bitten homeless dog. It is not always possible to independently determine whether an animal was sick with rabies. External symptoms - aggressiveness, gait disturbance, increased salivation, hanging tail, hoarse and shrill barking - appear only a few days after infection. Therefore, in case of a dog bite, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible, but first, provide first aid to the victim.

Local wound treatment

If the tissue damage is deep and extensive, first of all, you need to stop the bleeding, but not immediately: along with the blood, the dog's saliva comes out of the wound. You must also be prepared for the fact that in case of damage to the veins and arteries, a person may experience pain shock.

First aid for a dog bite - wash the wound thoroughly with soapy water

First, the wound, as well as all the places where the saliva of the animal has fallen, are washed abundantly with soapy water ( perfect option- laundry soap), then the wound is treated with hydrogen peroxide. This measure will prevent rabies infection by 90%. The edges of the wound (namely the edges, but not the wound itself!) Should be treated with a 5% tincture of iodine or brilliant green.

After disinfection, it is necessary to apply a cotton or gauze swab to the wound, lightly fixing it with a plaster or bandage so that the bandage is not tight. If the bleeding is heavy, a pressure bandage is needed.

Medical help is needed!

Then you should immediately seek medical help. Doctors should give rabies injections: 6 injections in the upper arm within 3 months, prescribe necessary antibiotics and find out when you were vaccinated against tetanus. Conduct the same surgical intervention in the wound they should not for the first 3 days.

As you can see, providing first aid for a dog bite is extremely important, therefore, in the event of an animal attack, you should not neglect these measures and risk human life.

And one more important point. In no case should you get away with everything that happened to the owner of the dog, who is obliged to compensate for the damage caused by the injury. If he is in no hurry to do it on his own, seek the help of a lawyer. To do this, you need to submit an appropriate medical certificate, issue a written claim to the owner of the dog, draw up statement of claim to the court and, of course, to provide evidence.

Sincerely,

What surprises await your dog on a walk? It is possible that an unwanted meeting with a neighbor's dog will end in a fight. A cat can be bitten by bullies in the country. The results of fights - biting wounds in a dog or cat are not as harmless as it might seem at first glance.

Bite wounds always have crushed tissues, their separation, damage to blood vessels and stab wounds from the teeth.

Small wounds - traces of fangs often go unnoticed. Or the owner does not give them of great importance. But one treatment of such a wound with iodine will not help. In the oral cavity of animals is great amount microorganisms that, getting into the wound, begin their pathogenic effect. Wounds are dangerous because with poor treatment, the skin defect closes with a crust (often the crust is a mixture of sticky wool and ichor). And exudate accumulates under the skin, which after a while will be purulent. 3-5 days after the bite, the dog becomes lethargic, the temperature may rise, the bite site is painful and hot.

Wounds with profuse bleeding, in the abdominal and chest cavity require urgent appeal to the vet. It happens that the damage to the skin in the chest area is insignificant, and under the skin, as a result of a bite, the muscles are torn and there is an entrance to pleural cavity. Such wounds are life-threatening. Help must be provided as soon as possible.

At large area damage required antishock therapy- drip injection of solutions and the introduction of cardiac drugs.

With biting wounds of the limbs, the dog may not step on the paw, and only an x-ray will help to find out why: because of pain in the wound or because of a fracture.

Cat wounds, bites and scratches are most often localized in the head area. Inconspicuous at first glance, scratches on the cheeks with untimely processing can lead to a serious complication - subcutaneous phlegmon. And untreated wounds of the ear area lead to otitis media, due to the fact that the wound discharge flows into the ear canal.

How to treat a wound in an animal?

Before visiting the doctor, you can give your pet first aid. Gently cut the hair around the wound, wash the wound with hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine, apply a clean cloth to the wound and bandage it. For heavy bleeding on the limbs, apply a tourniquet above the wound or simply press the wound firmly through a napkin (or a clean handkerchief) with your fingers.

Different wounds - different approach

Before deciding how best to treat the wound, the doctor shaves off the hair around, thoroughly rinses the wound and subcutaneous pockets with antiseptic solutions. Fresh wounds (up to 8 hours) can be sutured (provided there are no large subcutaneous pockets). In the case of correct and good processing and provided good care, fresh wounds heal in 7-10 days. If you applied a day or later after the bite, then after standard treatment, you may need to excise dead tissue, install drainage (gauze or tubular). Drainage you can change and rinse yourself at home. A course of antibiotics must be prescribed and, if required, general state dogs and vitamins. Wounds with complications that are not treated on time heal longer, the healing process can take 2-4 weeks.

Caring for a bitten dog

The wound was treated by a doctor, now the most important thing is up to you - proper care pledge quick recovery and healing. The first thing your pet will try to do at home is to rip off the bandage and lick the wound. It is important to prevent this, especially if the wound is stitched. The second time the stitches will not be applied, the wound will heal for a long time. Get a protective collar, watch your pet so that he does not get to the sore spot. The first treatment of the wound can be done at the vet, or it can be done by you. At the first appointment, ask the doctor in detail how to treat the wound, write everything down (or the doctor will write everything down for you in detail). At home, you need to treat the wound together. The assistant will fix the animal, and you will handle it. No need to be nervous, you will succeed. Try to act quickly, accurately and accurately. Prepare everything in advance so as not to be distracted during processing. Place open bottles of solutions away from the animal. If the dog or cat jerks violently, the vials may fall and break.

A dog is man's best friend. And it is desirable for a person to know how to help a smaller comrade in a dangerous situation.

A dog can get hurt while walking, in the yard, during training, fighting with other animals, worst of all, colliding with a car on the road. Wounds are small, there are serious, and the poor animal is not able to help itself. Only people will be able to ease the torment and help him out. Therefore, even if a person does not have his own dog, he should understand how to provide medical support to a furry friend and how to treat a wound in a dog.

First aid for a cut in a dog

Surely, all dog lovers know how their restless pets love to stick around, and as a result get scratches and cuts. The paws are especially often cut, since the earth, unfortunately, is strewn with various sharp debris - this is broken glass, and building materials, pieces of iron, wire. In this case, do not panic. In general, it is required to perform the same manipulations that are undertaken in relation to a person.

Treatment

The order of planned actions:

rinse the cut with clean, cool water;
cut around, or even shave off the hair;
treat the area surrounding the cut with hydrogen peroxide - it perfectly disinfects, removes impurities and stops the blood.

When the blood is stopped by peroxide, furatsilin can be used - it will not cause pain and will wash the cut again. The solution is very simple: 2 tablets, crushed to a powder state, are poured with half a glass of boiling water, after thorough mixing with cotton wool, the solution is applied to the damaged surface.

After cleaning the wound, you need to assess the degree of its depth and severity. If the cut is not deep and small (no more than 2 cm wide), then it can not be sewn up. Otherwise, without delay, contact the services of a surgeon.

When there is no way to do this, you can help the poor pet on your own. The main thing is not to be afraid and act calmly.

How to treat a dog's paw, the most vulnerable affected area, or cuts elsewhere:

the edges of the cut and the skin as close as possible to each other to pull off and apply adhesive tape, bandage;
with little bleeding, you can still moisten cotton wool in peroxide, wrap it with gauze and press it against the cut, bandage it tightly on top.

If the injury is not severe enough to require professional treatment at the veterinarian, at home it is quite possible to contribute to its rapid healing.

For minor damage, it is useful to rinse with chlorhexidine 2-3 times a day: draw a solution into a syringe without a needle and pour it as deeply as possible. Such procedures are carried out until complete tightening. Remember to apply hydrogen peroxide to the edges of the cut.

How to treat injuries in dogs after first aid? Large cuts are optimally treated with ointments - healing, anti-inflammatory. It is good to lay deep into wounds such remedies as iruksol, levomekol, streptomycin.

If possible, powder the injured area several times a day with powder.

Change the bandage also 2-3 times a day.

You need to make sure that the dog does not touch the cut and does not lick it, otherwise the regeneration period will be long. From the saliva of a dog, a lot of bacteria can only aggravate the situation. For these purposes, you can use a special surgical collar.

On the street, the pet will have to wear a dog boot or a sock from a plastic bag with footcloths.

During the entire healing period, it is necessary to control the movements of the dog, limiting its activity and avoiding stress on the sore paw.

On average, the wound will heal in 1-3 weeks.

Necessary dressing materials

Owners of playful restless pets should have a suitcase with dressings ready:

bandages;
cotton wool, cotton swabs;
adhesive plasters;
hydrogen peroxide;
furatsilin;
brilliant green;
tourniquet;
boiled water.

How to stop bleeding

A dog may run home bleeding profusely and frighten its owners. Sometimes, if the blood is not immediately stopped, the animal dies from its loss.

In fact, there is nothing complicated in this technique. In the case of a wound on the muzzle or paws, a tight bandage is sufficient, because there are no large vessels in these areas.

But when the injury is dangerous and there is a lot of blood, immediately apply a tourniquet. Remember that in warm weather it is applied for 1-2 hours, in cold weather - 3 hours, no more.

Having stopped the blood, an ambulance is already being provided, starting with washing the injury and ending with a bandage.

Treatment of wounds depending on their complexity

There is a natural and medical gradation of wounds by depth, type, complexity. In any case, the owner of the dog should know how to treat the wound to the dog in order to have time to take the pet to the veterinary clinic without allowing it to bleed.

Small and superficial wound

The algorithm is simple:

wash the wound with furatsilin, rivanol or hydrogen peroxide;
process the edges with green;
apply a bandage.

If there are no medicines at hand, you can clean the wound drinking water, cover with a sheet of plantain and also bandage with improvised means.

Deep and extensive laceration, but uncontaminated

In this case it is necessary:

You need to remove the hair around the injury. To do this, generously lubricate it with alcohol, iodine, vodka or gasoline, without touching the wound itself, as this will cause the dog severe pain. Then cut off the hairs, preventing them from getting into the wound.
Now you need to apply a tight tight bandage and take the pet to the veterinary surgeon, since you will not be able to eliminate all the consequences on your own.

Deep and extensive laceration, heavily contaminated

Clean the wound by washing with hydrogen peroxide, a solution of furacilin, rivanol, or a weak concentration of potassium permanganate. You can use cold boiled water.
Then treat the edges of the wound with iodine, brilliant green or peroxide. Make a bandage
You can put a cotton swab soaked in peroxide and wrapped in a bandage under it.
Take your dog to the vet immediately.

paw cut

Most often, a wound appears on a dog's paw. Fortunately, the list necessary measures pretty light.

wash the wound with a disinfectant solution;
treat the edges with iodine, peroxide, brilliant green, creolin;
apply a tight bandage with a cotton swab and bandage tightly again;
when going for a walk, wear a special boot or sock.

Penetrating wound of the chest

This is a very serious injury to your pet. Symptoms are wheezing exhalations and bloody foam protruding from the wound and being sucked back when inhaled.

You need to react quickly and soberly in order to prevent the death of the dog from suffocation.

Algorithm:

quickly treat the edges of the wound with iodine or brilliant green;
grease the wool around in a radius of 5 cm with petroleum jelly;
apply sealant to the wound plastic bag, film, paper, put cotton wool on top and bandage;
as an alternative, you can make a swab out of gauze, cotton wool and bandages, moisten it abundantly in a disinfectant solution and cover the wound with it, bandage it with several layers of bandages on top;
deliver the pet to the veterinary clinic within 6-8 hours.

Abdominal injury

Such damage is fraught with prolapse of the intestines and death. If the intestines did not fall out, correctly rendered health care increases the animal's chances of survival. Find a piece of dense tissue and how to disinfect the wound - the usual furatsilin is best.

What needs to be done:

moisten a clean cloth in a solution of furacilin, rivanol, baking soda and cover the wound with it to prevent the intestines from drying out;
fix with adhesive tape or medical glue;
do not water or feed the pet! Since, perhaps, the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are damaged or perforated;
immediately, no later than 4-6 hours, take to the clinic.

It is impossible to control the movements of our four-legged friends, because they are very playful, inquisitive and active. Whatever happens, it is necessary to maintain sanity and calmness, act quickly and accurately. It must be remembered that time is precious and, having provided first aid, show fluffy pet specialist. Do not skimp on affection and care, thus contributing to an even faster recovery of the dog.

Video

See our video for the general principles of treating wounds in a dog.