Retrocerebellar cystic cavity. Choroid plexus cyst

When the baby is born, doctors spend various studies to determine the state of his health. One of them is ultrasound, which can detect cysts in the brain - they are diagnosed very often in newborns (according to some reports, in every fourth child).

However, this disease is not a reason for parental panic, since some types of cysts do not require intervention at all, while others can be cured. Let's figure out what kind of disease it is, how it is diagnosed, treated, and what consequences cysts are fraught with.

What is a cyst

Doctors call this term benign formations, which are localized in various parts the brain or near it and are cavities with fluid inside. Depending on the time and cause of the appearance, the cyst may interfere with the development of the crumbs, but may not negative impact on health.

Causes

The question of why cysts form in infants is quite complicated even for the neurosurgeons themselves.

There can be many reasons, and the time of formation of the cyst plays a role. If it is congenital, most likely, the appearance of the neoplasm is caused by genetic features the fetus or the mother herself, a "failure" in the process prenatal development. Sometimes cysts form due to infectious or inflammatory processes that occurred during pregnancy.

As for cysts that appeared after birth little man, here are the reasons:

Symptoms

Not always mothers suspect that something is wrong with their baby. Often, the brushes in the head of the crumbs do not manifest themselves in any way and do not bother the newborn. However, there are some signs by which it can be assumed that the crumbs have cysts:

Although most often cysts do not change their size, sometimes they can grow. This is evidenced by the following symptoms:

violations in the work of the senses;
headache;
change in intracranial pressure;
epileptic seizures or fainting;
lack of coordination.

Types of cysts

Important! A cyst is not a sentence! In some cases, after the diagnosis, doctors do not prescribe treatment, but simply observe the dynamics. Most types of these neoplasms resolve on their own.

Today, doctors distinguish several types of brain cysts in a newborn, which differ both in the localization of the formations and in possible consequences or method of treatment.

The formations that are located in the area of the choroid plexuses (or "pseudocyst"). They appear even during the prenatal development of the baby - in this case, the prognosis is favorable, and cysts in most cases do not require treatment. Also formed in more late age as a result of the penetration of the herpes virus, difficult childbirth or complications during pregnancy. Here are possible backfire therefore, it is necessary to choose the right treatment strategy.

If several cysts were found as a result of the study, they speak of a multicystosis of the brain, which can be localized both in one department and in different ones. At the same time, the formations themselves can differ in types and require different treatment strategies.

Methods of treatment

First of all, it is worth remembering: if a child has been diagnosed with this disease, repeat examinations regularly. Their frequency, depending on the type of formation, is determined by the neurosurgeon.

As for the treatment strategy, depending on the size, type and location of the cyst, it may not be prescribed.
If the neoplasm does not disappear on its own, they select medical preparations, apply surgical intervention which can be palliative or radical.

Important! Most often, operations are performed on children after a year - up to a year they are performed only in exceptional cases.

Palliative treatments include endoscopic operations (cysts are pierced with an endoscope, sucking out the contents) and shunting (fluid is removed that “filled” the cyst with shunts). It should be emphasized that shunting can lead to infection of the brain due to the long stay of the shunt itself in the body.
In the most difficult cases carry out open operation, that is, trepanation of the skull. It allows you to remove the neoplasm as completely as possible, with walls and all contents.

Cyst in the head of a baby - video from Dr. Komarovsky

Such a diagnosis is very scary for parents, but pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky is convinced that there is no reason to panic. After reviewing next video, you can find out what he advises parents. In addition, Komarovsky explains what the essence of such a diagnosis is.

A brain cyst in most cases is not as scary as it may seem to parents at first glance. Most often, it resolves on its own, but if not, neurosurgeons select an appropriate treatment strategy. However, it is still not worth ignoring the disease - at least, you should undergo regular examinations. And what do you know about such a disease, did your kids have it? Tell us about it in the comments.

If a brain cyst is diagnosed in a child of the first year of life, especially of the retrocerebellar or pineal gland, many questions arise about the treatment, consequences and prognosis. A cyst is understood as a formation with a spherical cavity. It's not a tumor! But this does not mean that the cyst is not dangerous to health. Many cystic cavities do not require treatment, but in some cases it is necessary.

The cyst is located on the site of dead nerve tissue. The pathological focus looks like a spherical cavity filled with liquid. Often there is only one formation, but there are cases of multiple cystic growths. Parents are concerned about the prognosis, consequences, and the need for treatment of cystic formation in a newborn.

A cystic cavity in the brain in newborns is formed due to congenital pathology of the central nervous system or postpartum trauma. Among the causes of formations are called circulatory failure in the brain of a newborn, due to which nervous tissue necrotic.

Injuries, diseases of the brain of the head lead to the formation of cysts inflammatory nature(encephalitis, meningitis), strokes.

Because of these phenomena, there is a degeneration of brain tissues, death and the formation of a cavity filled with liquid substance. Tissues located nearby can be compressed, symptoms appear that are characteristic of a cyst, the consequences of which are a lag in the growth and development of children from their peers.

Types of cysts

There are three groups of pathology:

Located in the vascular plexuses;
Subepindymal (retrocerebellar cavity);
Arachnoid.

Arachnoid cystic cavity

The arachnoid fluid cavity is a cavity formation, the size of which varies individually. The arachnoid cavity can form in the intercerebral membranes. It develops after inflammation of the meninges, strokes, traumatic injuries. Such a cavity is characterized by rapid growth. Tissues located nearby are compressed, which leads to serious consequences. Patients need constant monitoring and often serious treatment.

The arachnoid cavity can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsive syndromes. If such signs appear, you need to as soon as possible see a specialist to decide on treatment: a child may die from a ruptured arachnoid cyst.

Retrocerebellar cystic cavity

Subependymal - is considered one of the most severe forms of cystosis. Such children must be constantly and dynamically observed. R It is recommended to perform an MRI to monitor changes in the size of the subependymal cystic formation once a year.

The development of subependymal fluid buildup is associated with impaired blood flow in the ventricles. As a result, their oxygen supply (ischemia) is disrupted, resulting in the formation of a necrotic focus.

If the cause of the cavity is a blockage of the ducts, then the formation rarely increases in size and causes a violation of the condition. When the process is caused by a helminth, the cavity can grow rapidly and cause sensations characteristic of a cystic process in the head.

In addition to the symptoms inherent in cerebral cystic growths, with a large size of the formation in the pineal gland of a child, it is noted that it develops due to compression of the gland. The patient in this case suffers from severe headaches that are not stopped by painkillers.

Cystic cavities of the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is a small but important part of the brain that regulates the functioning of each gland. internal secretion and produces many hormones in the body. A cystic formation near the pituitary gland, in the region of the Turkish saddle, will lead to endocrine disorders. Such a child will have a delay in puberty, he will lag behind in growth.

Cyst of the intermediate sail

The birth of children is the greatest happiness on earth. However, this exciting event can be overshadowed by problems with his health. congenital cystic formation in the head of babies is one such problem. It is even more difficult to deal with the ornate terms that poor parents have to deal with. For example, such as cystic formation of the intermediate sail of the medulla. Despite the intimidating name, this is not the worst kind of cystic vesicles. What is the cystic formation of the intermediate sail, what is the treatment, the consequences of this pathology?

Under the intermediate sail understand the fold of the pia mater of the medulla in the roof of the 3rd ventricle.

In the human head, four ventricles are cavities that fill with fluid. In this case, the third ventricle is of interest. The upper wall of the third ventricle is called the roof. From the cavity of the ventricle, an intermediate sail is formed. Hence the name of this pathology, it is also called a cyst of the third ventricle in a child. Sometimes, during the intrauterine development of the fetus, the leaves of this formation do not grow together and a cistern is formed between them.

If the leaves fold soft meninges after the birth of a child, they do not grow together, a cyst of the intermediate sail develops.

Pathology is detected by chance during the study of the ventricles of the brain. Usually this cyst does not grow and does not cause unpleasant symptoms. But it is necessary to carry out its diagnosis once a year. Such a bubble can begin to grow with injuries, poisoning, or the addition of a severe infection.

Colloidal cystic cavity of the third ventricle

No cases of malignancy of this process have been recorded. But this education is capable of rapid growth. Its danger lies in the compression of the CSF pathways of the ventricle, leading to hydrocephalic syndrome. If growth is too rapid, children experience headaches, vomiting, memory loss, and ringing in the ears.

Treatment of colloid cysts is operative: the formation is removed from the ventricle and the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid is restored.

Dermoid (congenital cyst)

Rarely found. This is a congenital pathology. They begin to form along with the fetus. In its thickness, particles of body tissues, fat, and hair are found. Whether it is necessary to treat this pathology? Such formation is recommended to be removed immediately, as it leads to serious consequences.

Regardless of location, symptoms of a fluid cavity in newborns may appear, such as:

convulsions;
Paralysis;
Numbness;
jitter;
Paresis of the arms and legs;
Hearing impairment.

Often there is tinnitus without hearing loss. Sometimes - momentary loss consciousness, epileptic seizures, sleep disturbance. Children under one year old become restless, irritable. Older children complain of hallucinations.

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure - arching and throbbing pain in the head, drowsiness, in infants - swelling of the fontanelles, lethargy, vomiting and nausea. For severe cases of suependymal and pineal gland liquid vesicles, long-term non-overgrown fontanelles are characteristic, bone sutures diverge. The consequence of this is the lag of children in mental and physical development.

Diagnostics

Main diagnostic event if there is a suspicion that there is a cystic overgrowth in medulla in newborns - ultrasound (neurosonography). Until the fontanelles are tightened and the cranial bones are not fused, this procedure is highly effective.

Often bubbles in the head form in premature babies, in newborns after complicated pregnancy and childbirth, with prolonged oxygen starvation. These categories should undergo neurosonography to prevent cystic formations at least once a year.

If an ultrasound scan of a child reveals a cystic vesicle in the head, treatment is prescribed only after receiving more accurate information about its location, shape and size. Such data can be obtained using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Only after these studies can we say with certainty whether the baby has a cystic growth. In children, the symptoms and treatment of this disease are specific.

Treatment

Not every cystic growth in the head of a child requires surgical or medical intervention. Most of these entities have favorable outcome and requires only observation.

Only a doctor should decide on the need for treatment of a child. There are known cases in medicine when, when unfavorable circumstances were added, hearing and vision disappeared forever, and a sudden death occurred.

It is possible to treat cystic blisters of the brain in children with conservative and surgical methods.

Preparations

If the formation does not progress, prescribe medication. It is aimed at combating the causes that caused this anomaly. The doctor prescribes drugs that improve the movement of blood in this area and the supply of blood to the brain. Such medicinal substances called brain metabolites. If a cavity with liquid is formed due to infectious process, prescribe drugs that have a detrimental effect on the causative agent of this infection (antibacterial, antiviral). If the body's immune forces are reduced, immunostimulating drugs are prescribed. Assign vitamins with trace elements.

Operation

Surgical operations, with the help of which this disease is treated, are usually divided into two types:

Palliative;
Radical.

Palliative methods come in two varieties:

Shunting. A special shunt system is used for it. This technique is less traumatic, but it also has negative points, such as the possibility of infection (the shunt stays in the medulla for a long time, only the cystic fluid is removed, and not the formation itself);
Endoscopic way to remove cystic contents. Punctures are made and an endoscope is inserted into the cavity, through which fluid is removed. This technique is considered the most minimally invasive and safe.

For the basis radical method taken cranial trepanation. In this case, the cyst is removed with the walls and all contents. This operation is highly traumatic and dangerous. It is resorted to only in the most extreme cases.

Prevention

The diagnosis of a cyst is of little concern to anyone. Everything is perceived differently if a cyst is found in the brain of a newborn. Parents, even just hearing about such a diagnosis from friends, panic and begin to examine their own child. Advice on this issue, of course, will not be superfluous. But is there a cure for this pathology?

- great fun for the whole family. Mom and dad will watch him grow and develop. However, parents should always be on the alert so as not to overlook dangerous disease. Recognition of the disease early stage guarantees quick troubleshooting. A cyst in the head of a child is a diagnosis that can scare everyone. First you need to figure out if there is a reason for panic.

In contact with

Timely diagnosis

Neurological pathologies in crumbs are most often detected at the age of up to a year. For this it is important to visit preventive examinations in a children's clinic. The doctor, as a rule, appoints them once every 1-3 months. If the baby is already a year old, then you will have to visit the hospital much less often.

If a cyst in a newborn in the head was detected on time, then a properly selected course of treatment will not leave a trace of it. However, the condition of the child will need to be constantly monitored and adjusted medications.

What is a brain cyst in newborns. This is a special type of pathological formation that grows and develops directly in the cavity itself. However, there are cases of the development of an ailment in the back, because the spine is also filled with a special cerebral fluid. If deviations from the norm are detected, the child will be registered. The pediatrician will need to monitor the change in condition.

Important! Any formations inside the human body are very dangerous, such patients should be observed by doctors.

To detect pathology, you need to contact a neurologist. It is impossible to do without consulting a neurosurgeon.

Location of neoplasm

The choice of further course of treatment directly depends on the location of the neoplasm. IN medical practice there were cases when doctors found her "inside" or "outside."

Cysts in the head of a newborn are divided into several types:

arachnoid;
cerebral;
choroid plexus.

Arachnoid formation is diagnosed in the case of location between the brain and the arachnoid. Inside, most often there is cerebrospinal fluid - a fluid consisting of spinal or cerebrospinal components.

At the same time, there is a significant expansion soft tissues. Against the background of these processes, the formation of a pathological growth is carried out. If the course of treatment is not started on time, the formation will constantly increase in size.

Arachnoid outgrowths in the head of a child are a congenital type of pathology, which is usually attributed to primary signs. The reasons for education lie in too rapid growth or problems in the formation of the brain during fetal development. Past infectious diseases can also play a negative role. Doctors say that the disease develops under the influence of the herpes virus. This type of disease can be acquired during life, the pathology occurs after injury, inflammation of the brain, or during the development of a tumor.

The cerebral type of formations develops in a child after an injury. The birth process itself is very stressful, not only for the mother, but also for the child. During this period, his brain and skull bones are strong pressure therefore, pathology occurs as complications after labor.

It is impossible to completely exclude hemorrhages, which can also cause growths. Cerebral ailment develops against the background inflammatory process or injury. If perishes certain part substance of the brain, then the free space is occupied by the neoplasm.

A choroid plexus cyst in newborns is diagnosed even during fetal development. Unfortunately, today it is found more and more often. Pathology is temporary and resolves after a certain period of time without drug treatment. On the part of doctors, only constant monitoring of the course of the recovery process is needed.

Symptoms

A cyst in the head of a child manifests itself extremely rarely. The situation is dangerous, because parents and doctors can miss the moment when it is necessary to carry out surgical intervention. Shunting is used to eliminate the pathology. Thanks to this method, it is possible to stop the growth of the neoplasm. On the background of the disease increases intracranial pressure because education compresses the brain. This situation leads to edema. If treatment was not started on time, the consequences may be irreversible. The child develops blindness and a significant developmental delay. Cases of deafness and death have been recorded.

The newborn is still too young to tell his parents about dizziness or pain.

Damage to the vessels of the brain in a baby is accompanied by a number of characteristic manifestations:

lethargic and apathetic state;
periodic occurrence of seizures;
improper coordination of movements.

The disease contributes to a delay in development, both mental and physical. However, the nature of the manifestations directly depends on the location of the formation and its size.

A lethargic state of the child should alert parents

Therapeutic measures

Dr. Komarovsky claims that the removal surgically it is advisable to produce only if the cyst is constantly increasing in size. Depending on the nature of the formation, the type of surgical intervention is selected. However, additional evaluation is needed general state health little patient, because the situation can be aggravated due to a number of related problems.

To remove it, you will need to perform a trepanation of the skull. Only after that it will be possible to remove the cyst along with the walls. This method allows you to quickly get rid of the growth. However, it is rarely used, because the operation is dangerous for the baby. The young body is not yet strong after childbirth, so a number of complications may occur.

Shunting is prescribed if it is necessary to divert fluid to the outside. It is pumped out of the cyst, so intracranial pressure is significantly reduced. After a certain period of time, the walls fall off and completely grow together.

The method is dangerous, because the brain is opened. This situation can lead to infection of the tissues, so special care must be taken when installing a shunt.

More recently, it has become possible to perform surgery through small holes. Removal of the cyst is performed through small punctures - endoscopy techniques. This method is of minimal risk. However, with the help of an endoscope, not all areas of the brain can be accessed.

Cysts in the brain are increasingly diagnosed in children under the age of 1 year. However, one should not panic and record this event as an epidemic. Scientists also refuted the hypothesis that pathology is developing due to the rapid increase in the number of technologies. Ten years ago, such a disease was considered a rarity. Many children grew up without knowing that they had a cyst in their brain in the first year of life. However, it is best to take similar condition under control.

Important! IN childhood neoplasms quickly resolve, and do not remain with a person for life.

If the baby has been diagnosed with this, then there is no need to panic. The doctor will advise parents to monitor the health of the baby. You will need to monitor his behavior. Measures are taken only if education begins to grow rapidly. To date, a number of diagnostic tests are used to determine the nature of the pathology. Parents should completely abandon self-medication. Only a doctor can suggest taking additional measures as a last resort.

Useful video: brain cyst

A child is a great gift. The task of the mother is to constantly monitor the state of his health. If an unfavorable diagnosis was made, then the baby will be registered. In the future, you will have to visit the hospital much more often for a series of tests. With their help, it will be possible to detect developmental disorders at the first stage and negative impact can be minimized. It should not be forgotten that this problem cannot be ignored.

The diagnosis of a “brain cyst in a newborn” sounds pretty scary. However, about 40% of children are born with a cyst, which is a cavity filled with fluid.

The appearance of a cyst is possible anywhere in the brain, it can be both multiple and single formations on one or both sides of the brain.

In some cases, vascular plexus cysts can be diagnosed even during fetal development. However, in such cases, doctors recommend not to worry, because, having appeared, they usually disappear on their own. This is considered normal, this is a standard occurrence at a certain stage of pregnancy.

Their later appearance, after the birth of the baby, may be triggered by an infection of the fetus, or by any complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Often the culprit of such formations is the herpes virus.

The most serious pathology here is, and she needs special monitoring of development. It is believed that the reason in this case is insufficient blood circulation in the ventricles of the child's brain, which leads to tissue death due to oxygen deficiency in the place of which a cavity may appear.

Arachnoid cyst, this is another pathology, this time of the arachnoid membrane. She can take various forms and sizes and occur anywhere. Exact reason this pathology is unknown.

The cause of the cyst in the child's brain

The cause of cysts in children can be:

meningitis or other inflammatory process,
injury,
hemorrhage.

Usually such acid does not penetrate into the ventricles of the brain. However, it must always be remembered that cysts tend to further development, an increase in size, which leads to compression of neighboring areas of the brain.

If the child is not yet a year old, with the help of ultrasound. Such a study is favored by the fact that the fontanel has not yet completely closed by this time.

Head cyst treatment

When a choroid plexus cyst is found, doctors advise not to worry, you just need to continue monitoring and wait until the formations disappear on their own. They do not affect the work and development of the brain of the baby. However, it is necessary to identify the infection that provoked the formation. After a few months, repeat the ultrasound.

With subependymal cyst also specific treatment is not required, because in this case the brain tissue normalizes on its own, but it should be constantly monitored by a doctor.

But with a subependymal cyst, MRI or MRI should be diagnosed several times a year. It is believed that the course of these formations is favorable, but they are dangerous for their consequences if, over time, the cystic cavity and fluid pressure in it grow.

If a brain cyst in a newborn reaches a large size, the position of neighboring tissues changes and pressure begins on them. In a child, this manifests itself in the form seizures, acquiring a progressive character, in which neurological symptoms intensify, and the general condition worsens. This process is exacerbated by hemorrhagic stroke.

Definitely, the arachnoid cyst does not disappear by itself, it should turn out to be Special attention and acceptance radical measures. If the baby suffers from such a defect, it must be constantly checked by a neurologist.

If necessary, surgical intervention is prescribed, which can be performed by microneurosurgery, endoscopy or bypass.

The prognosis of treatment is usually positive.

A cyst or cystic neoplasm is a fairly common diagnosis in newborns, but sometimes it is given to babies at the age of 2-3 months. This pathology can be found in any part of the body, however, cysts of the head and brain are the undisputed leaders among their own kind. Cystic formations are different types depends on the choice of therapy. What methods of treatment of these pathologies exist? Could there be consequences?

Signs of pathology

How can a cyst be detected and what are the symptoms of this pathology? Symptoms of the disease may vary, as they depend on where the neoplasms are located, as well as possible complications. Note that a small cyst may not cause discomfort to the baby and be invisible to parents. Most clear signs this pathology:

tremor of hands and feet in a baby;
convex fontanel;
uncoordinated movements;
lethargy, delayed reaction to stimuli;
insensitivity to pain;
frequent and profuse regurgitation;
convulsions;
hypertonicity or hypotonicity of a muscle group;
problems with hearing, vision;
insomnia;
headaches, which can be judged by the restless behavior of the crumbs, crying;
mental retardation.

These features may be present in various combinations and have varying degrees expressiveness. At the same time, in 9 children out of 10, the cyst resolves on its own without any treatment. However, in some cases surgery is required. The surgeon may suggest removal of the growth if:

it is congenital and tends to grow rapidly;
appeared in the child after birth;
It has big sizes, presses on the surrounding tissues, which causes a danger mechanical impact on the brain.

If the diagnosis is made on time and adequate treatment is prescribed, the neoplasm can be eliminated. It is important that parents consult a doctor in a timely manner, and also carefully follow the doctor's prescriptions. Can be shown drug therapy or surgery.

Varieties of cysts

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

This is what a brain cyst looks like on an MRI

We have already mentioned that a cyst can be congenital pathology, and may appear after the birth of the baby:

In the first case, the neoplasm appears due to developmental disorders of the child while he is in the womb. It is also possible the occurrence of an inflammatory process after asphyxia, which occurred at birth.
In the second case, cystic formation can occur as a complication after an injury or an inflammatory process. Next, consider the varieties of these pathologies.

Choroid plexus cyst

The choroid plexus captures a small area of the brain membrane, which begins to secrete secretory fluid. This fluid accumulates, it is gradually pinched by the surrounding tissues. As a result, a cavity filled with contents is formed - a choroid plexus cyst.

Such neoplasms occur in a child during fetal development. They can be diagnosed by a doctor during an ultrasound session. It is believed that vascular species cysts in the fetus occur due to an infectious disease suffered by a woman during pregnancy - usually we are talking about herpes and its varieties.

As a rule, cysts from the vessels have time to dissolve even before the birth of the child and do not pose a great danger. However, in rare cases they remain with the baby even after birth. If such a formation occurs in the baby, it is possible various options development of events.

Here great importance has an area of localization of the neoplasm. For example, a choroid plexus cyst in the cerebellum can cause dizziness, impaired coordination. Education on the back of the head often leads to visual impairment if the pituitary gland is affected - convulsions, hearing problems, paralysis of the limbs, a decrease or increase in the normal production of hormones responsible for sexual development are possible.

Dr. Komarovsky claims that this formation is physiological and does not even require the supervision of specialists. In his opinion, the so-called pseudocyst of the vascular connections does not need treatment.

Subependymal cyst

There is in the brain lateral ventricles- left and right. These are areas filled cerebrospinal fluid. Sometimes a cyst forms in the region of their walls, it is called subependymal. This type of neoplasm is much more dangerous than the previous one.

The main reasons for its appearance:

Cerebral ischemia, which is the result of a violation of the blood circulation of any part of it. As a result, the problem area of the brain tissue dies, which leads to the appearance of a cavity. With time free place filled with cerebral fluid. If such a formation begins to increase in size, it puts pressure on the surrounding tissues, which leads to a violation of the structure of the brain, a displacement of its parts relative to each other. In such a situation, the baby may begin to have convulsions and general weakness may appear.
Hemorrhage. This happens due to birth injuries, asphyxia, infection of the fetus. If this happened during childbirth or after, it will be easier to deal with the problem, otherwise the prognosis worsens. The situation is aggravated by the fact that subependymal cysts are not treated with medicines.

Arachnoid cyst

The brain is surrounded by shells, one of which is called arachnoid. Its tissues are in close proximity to the brain. Neoplasm filled with serous fluid arachnoid, and there is an arachnoid cyst. Doctors believe that the appearance of a primary, that is, congenital cystic formation, is associated with violations of the intrauterine development of the meninges. Neoplasm can be secondary or acquired. Then its appearance is associated with injuries or the consequences of diseases.

Arachnoid cysts tend to grow, reaching 4-5 cm in diameter. Such a “bump” on the brain membrane during growth compresses its area, which can lead to unpredictable complications.

Often, 2-3-month-old patients with this diagnosis experience epileptic seizures. At similar pathology required constant surveillance neurologist. Causes of the occurrence and development of an arachnoid cyst:

skull trauma;
infectious diseases such as meningitis;
hemorrhages in the brain.

Retrocerebellar cyst

Retrocerebellar cyst occurs due to a violation cerebral circulation. This can lead to injuries, inflammation after past illnesses. In the tissues of the brain - gray matter”, which died due to the lack of normal blood circulation, a cavity filled with liquid appears. A retrocerebellar cyst may not show up at all, or it can cause disorders such as headaches, partial loss of hearing, vision, convulsions, nausea, and loss of consciousness.

Periventricular cyst

This cystic formation is formed in the "white matter" of the brain, due to anomalies in fetal development or complications after suffering infectious diseases. A periventricular cyst refers to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, which can cause paralysis in an infant.

Such diseases are not often diagnosed, the choice of treatment method in each case may be different. As a rule, both surgical intervention and pharmacological therapy are required.

Porencephalic cyst

This type of neoplasm can occur anywhere in the brain. Pathology begins to form at the site of necrotic or completely dead tissues. If a porencephalic cyst is found, treatment should be started as soon as possible, as it can cause serious complications. There are frequent cases of diseases such as hydrocephalus, as well as the development of an anomaly of the brain - schizencephaly.

Cyst of the intermediate sail

A cyst in the intermediate sail in a newborn is a fairly common phenomenon. At short stages of pregnancy, the brain is forming in the embryo. Folds of the pia mater appear, which is called the intermediate sail and looks like a pocket. This pocket eventually transforms into other brain structures, but in rare cases it remains and degenerates into a cyst. If education does not manifest itself while the child is small, it may continue to remain in its place in calm state throughout his life.

subarachnoid cyst

Subarachnoid cyst of the brain on an MRI

This neoplasm is formed immediately on two layers of the brain membrane - hard and arachnoid. It can appear anywhere on the shells. The reasons for its occurrence - postoperative complications on the brain, meningitis, as well as a syndrome of connective tissue anomalies. However, subarachnoid cysts in newborns are extremely rare.

Dermoid cyst

Dermoid cysts are separate form formations that are localized on the surface of the head, they can also form on the neck, near the collarbones, in the middle section of the sternum. If we talk about a neoplasm in the head area, then often it is located in the corners of the eyes, behind the ear, on the back of the head, in the nose, mouth. It is believed that the places of localization of dermoids correspond to those areas where the embryo had the rudiments of gills, which disappear by the eleventh week of intrauterine life.

A dermoid cyst on the head of a child is most often a dense neoplasm, inside of which there is a viscous mass with an admixture of follicles, hair particles. A photo of such a pathology on the scalp can be found on the net. It must be removed surgically, since such a neoplasm does not tend to resolve.

How is a cyst diagnosed?

brain ultrasound procedure

To put final diagnosis and to determine the type of pathology, the doctor must see the results of ultrasound or neurosonography. This study is safe, even during the session infant usually behaves calmly. It is worth noting that this diagnostic method is possible only in children of the first year of life who have not yet closed the fontanel (more details in the article:). The fact is that the bones of the skull do not transmit ultrasound or distort the waves. Due to the fact that cysts are often found in children after birth injury, this type of ultrasound is indicated for all children who have undergone asphyxia, as well as premature ones - those who were born prematurely.

Treatment

Treatment options for a cyst depend on its size and location. Some of them do not require treatment at all.

Almost all vascular or subependymal cysts resolve on their own, after a while the study shows a decrease in their size or complete disappearance. However, if the doctor finds an infection, it will need to be treated, and only then repeat the ultrasound.

If the cyst has a significant diameter or belongs to those species that do not resolve on their own, it is removed. Retrocerebellar, dermoid cysts should preferably be removed. Such an operation is performed urgently if:

the neoplasm is rapidly increasing in size;
in the process of cyst growth, important areas of the brain are affected;
the child is diagnosed with hydrocephalus;
the patient often has convulsions;
there is a significant increase in intracranial pressure;
hemorrhage occurred.

After deciding to remove the cyst, the specialist will offer several options for getting rid of the neoplasm. In some cases, it can only be removed with a scalpel. Today there are such methods of surgical intervention.