Small rash on the baby's body. What do different skin rashes look like in children? No specific treatment is required for roseola

Update: October 2018

Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on her baby’s skin, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor, after feeding the child unnecessary medications. Other parents try not to pay attention to the rash, especially if the child feels well. But both of them are doing the wrong thing. You just need to know the main types of rashes to make the right decision.

What a rash might look like - basic elements

• – a limited area of ​​skin of discolored color (red, white and others). It does not protrude above the skin and cannot be felt.
• - a tubercle up to 0.5 cm in diameter, without a cavity inside. The element protrudes above the skin and can be felt.
• - a formation with a large area, raised above the skin and having a flattened shape. Large plaques with a distinct skin pattern are called lichenification
• Vesicles and bubbles- formations with liquid inside. Vary in size (a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm is called a vesicle)
• – a limited cavity with pus inside

Diseases accompanied by rash

Rash in newborns

Erythema toxicosis lesions affect half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few to almost complete damage to the skin (except for the palms and soles). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of erythema toxicum are unknown; the rash goes away on its own.

A condition that 20% of all babies go through by the age of three weeks. A rash in the form of inflamed papules and pustules appears on the face, less often on the scalp and neck. The cause of the rash is the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, acne in newborns does not require treatment; careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, newborn acne does not leave behind spots or scars and takes up to 6 months to resolve.

Frequent rashes in newborns, especially in the warm season (see). It is associated with difficult release of the contents of the sweat glands and increased skin moisture during wrapping. Typical places of occurrence are the head, face and diaper rash areas. Blisters, spots and pustules rarely become inflamed, do not cause discomfort and go away with good care.

A synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or. Every 10 children suffer from this disease, but not everyone develops the typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself.

The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and more often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is bothered by unbearable itching, which intensifies at night and with temperature and chemical effects on the skin. In the acute stage, the rash looks like red papules with scratches and liquid discharge.

In the subacute period, sometimes it thickens. This is due to constant scratching of the affected areas.

Most children recover from this disease without consequences.
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis (see).

Allergic rash

If there is an individual intolerance to drugs and foods, the child may develop allergic rashes. They have different shapes and sizes, the rash can be located all over the body, on the arms, legs, back, and stomach. The main distinguishing feature of an allergic rash is that it intensifies when exposed to an allergen and disappears after the latter is discontinued. Usually severe itching is the only unpleasant effect of such rashes.

• Quincke's edema - in rare cases, a severe reaction of the body to an allergen may occur, most often it occurs to medications or products (see more details). In this case, the rash lasts for quite a long time, and swelling forms on the body, leading to the inability to breathe due to the blockage of the larynx. If there is a family predisposition to allergies, it is necessary to exclude intolerant foods and medications.
• Urticaria - can also occur due to foods, medications and under the influence of temperature factors (,), sometimes the cause of urticaria is never found (see more details).

Very often, marks from insect bites terrify parents and force them to look for infectious causes of such rashes. If any skin rashes appear, you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps a weekend in the village with your grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and neck.

Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:

• reaction to toxins
• mechanical trauma to the skin
• infection in the wound when scratching
• sometimes – infectious diseases transmitted through bites

Symptoms of bites:

Mosquitoes	Bedbugs
First - a red blister Then - a dense papule that remains for several hours or days Sometimes - a blister or widespread redness with swelling	Itchy papules arranged in a linear pattern Usually occur at night There is a small bruise in the center of the rash
Bees and wasps	Scabies mites
Pain, redness and swelling at the site of the bite Bees leave a sting Sometimes a bubble forms With an allergic tendency, urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible	Severe itching that gets worse at night Red papules and tracts Location in the interdigital spaces, on the genitals, between the mammary glands, on the flexor surfaces

A rash in a child that requires immediate medical attention

• Accompanied by fever above 40 degrees
• Covers the entire body, causing unbearable itching
• Associated with vomiting, headache and confusion
• Looks like stellate hemorrhages
• Accompanied by swelling and difficulty breathing

What not to do if your child has rashes

• Squeeze out pustules
• Popping bubbles
• Allow rashes to be scratched
• Lubricate with brightly colored preparations (so as not to complicate the diagnosis)

A rash on a child’s body is an important symptom of many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, while some threaten the health and life of the little person. Therefore, if you have any suspicious symptoms, you should consult a doctor and not self-medicate.

Rash caused by infection

The most common cause of a rash on a child's body is a viral or bacterial infection. In turn, among them there are 6 main diseases.

The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common in all countries of the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets; contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of erythema infectiosum:

The rash forms on the extensor surfaces; the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of spots occurs gradually, over 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune-related post-infectious complication, so children with patches of erythema are not contagious and do not need to be isolated.

Herpes virus type 6 causes a typical childhood disease - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between 10 months and 2 years of age, and contacts with sick children are rarely identified. Transmission usually occurs from adults through airborne droplets. Symptoms:

Roseola is a very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively cutting at the age of 1 year, fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that teething never causes a temperature above 38 degrees. With this heat there is always another reason!

Chicken pox

Chickenpox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, similar in structure to the herpes simplex virus. Most children become infected before the age of 15. Transmission of the disease occurs through the air or by contact (the virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:

In most children who have recovered from the disease, the chickenpox virus goes into a latent form, becoming firmly entrenched in the nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form (Fig. 2.), when bubbles form along the nerve trunk, often on the lower back.

Complications of the disease occur rarely, mainly in weakened children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. With congenital chickenpox, there is a risk of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the chickenpox vaccine should be included in the national vaccination calendar.

Meningococcal infection

Meningococcus is a bacterium that is normally found in the nasopharynx of 5-10% of people without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. With viral infections or a decrease in quality of life, carriage can develop into active disease. If meningococci are detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent treatment with antibiotics is required in an intensive care unit.

Once in the blood, the bacterium can cause:

• sepsis (blood poisoning)
• meningitis
• combination of these conditions

Sepsis - the disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41 degrees, uncontrollable vomiting. During the first 24 hours, a characteristic petechial rash (small bruises that grow and take on a star-shaped shape) appears against the background of pale gray skin.

The rashes are located on the limbs, torso, can rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in the organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis often occurs at lightning speed with the development of shock and death.

Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, disturbances of consciousness, and tension in the neck muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.

Measles

is a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in certain regions. In recent years, the virus has reared its head again due to widespread anti-vaccination agitation. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child in a group of children gets sick, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.

The disease occurs in three stages:

• Incubation (hidden), which lasts 10-12 days. By day 9, a sick child is contagious.
• Prodromal (general malaise), lasting 3-5 days. It begins acutely and progresses with fever, dry cough, runny nose, and red eyes. On the 2nd day, Filatov-Koplik spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks: whitish-gray dots with a red rim, disappearing within 12-18 hours.
• Rash period. In parallel with an increase in temperature to 40 degrees, maculopapular spots appear behind the ears and along the hairline. Within a day, the rash covers the face and goes down to the upper chest. After 2-3 days it reaches the feet, and the face turns pale. This staged pattern of rashes (day 1 – face, day 2 – torso, day 3 – limbs) is characteristic of measles. All this is accompanied by mild itching, sometimes small bruises appear at the site of the rash. After the spots disappear, peeling and a brownish mark may remain, which disappears within 7-10 days.

Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):

• otitis media
• pneumonia
• encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

The diagnosis is usually made by characteristic symptoms, and sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretics. There is evidence that taking vitamin A by children with measles significantly mitigates the course of the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of the disease and the risk of severe complications. It must be remembered that 6-10 days after the vaccine is administered, milder signs of the disease may appear (low fever, a small rash on the child’s body), which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.

Rubella

An acute viral infection that affects mainly 5-15 years of age. Rubella symptoms:

• The latent period is from 2 to 3 weeks. At this stage there are no symptoms, but the child may already be contagious.
• Prodromal period. There is a slight malaise, a slight rise in temperature, very often this stage goes unnoticed. The occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are noticeably enlarged.
• Rash period. A pale pink rash appears on the face, quickly spreads downwards and disappears just as quickly, usually after 3 days. May be accompanied by mild itching. Peeling usually does not remain.

Rubella often occurs without a rash at all, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before the 11th week of pregnancy, most children have congenital malformations. After 16 weeks, the risk of anomalies is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, eyes. Therefore, all women when planning pregnancy need to find out the level of antibodies to rubella in order to vaccinate if they are absent.

Scarlet fever

- a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (sore throat, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

• The latent period is 2-7 days.
• The prodromal period begins with a rise in temperature and malaise.
• On the 1st or 2nd day of illness, a rash appears that does not affect the nasolabial triangle. The appearance of a child with scarlet fever is characteristic: shiny eyes, glowing cheeks, pale nasolabial triangle. On the body, the rash is more intense in the folds. After 3-7 days, all rashes disappear, leaving behind peeling. Another feature of the disease is the “crimson” tongue - bright, with pronounced papillae.

Infectious mononucleosis

The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes, belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease most often affects children and young people, and often occurs without a rash or other characteristic symptoms. The degree of contagiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, so outbreaks do not occur in children's groups. Symptoms:

• The main symptom of the disease is enlargement of the lymph nodes, especially the posterior cervical ones, while the liver and spleen are enlarged.
• From the 3rd day of illness, tonsillitis with a white coating on the tonsils and a rise in temperature may appear.
• On days 5-6, a rash appears infrequently, varying in shape and size, disappearing without a trace. If a patient with mononucleosis is prescribed ampicillin, the likelihood of a rash increases.
• A characteristic sign will appear in a blood test: atypical mononuclear cells; in addition, antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus can be detected.

Differential diagnosis of rash of infectious origin

	Hidden period	Symptoms	Rash			Period of infectiousness and vaccination
			View	Time and order of appearance	Footprints
Measles	10-12days	significant increase in temperature dry cough-conjunctivitis and photophobia rash due to high fever	Large maculopapular, bright, may merge	After 3-5 days of illness - behind the ears, along the hair. Then it goes down to the feet (in three days)	Bruising and peeling	4 days before the first rash and up to 5 days after it disappears. Vaccination - at 1 year, 6 years
Rubella	2-3 weeks	slight increase in temperature malaise - sometimes arthritis	Finely spotted, pale pink	On the first day of illness on the face, after 24-48 hours - throughout the body, disappears after 3 days.	Disappears without a trace	Contagiousness during the period of rash, a few days before and after it. Vaccination -12 months, 6 years
Scarlet fever	2-7 days	intoxication, fever-sore throat enlarged lymph nodes bright language	Fine-dot (1-2 mm), bright	Simultaneous rash, intense rash in the folds of the body. Pale nasolabial triangle.	Leaves peeling	contagiousness 10 days from the onset of symptoms, with streptococcus carriage - constant contagiousness
Infectious mononucleosis	Unknown	enlarged lymph nodes enlarged liver and spleen	Diverse in shape and size, does not always occur	On the 5-6th day of illness, sometimes later. More intense on the face, but also present on the body	Disappears without a trace	The virus is low infectivity and is transmitted more often through sharing utensils and kissing
Erythema infectiosum	4-28 days	malaise sometimes arthritis	Red spots	Red spots from the face spread to the entire body, especially to the extensor surfaces. Before disappearing, they take on the appearance of a ring with a white center.	Disappear for a long time, can reappear within 3 weeks under unfavorable conditions	Children are usually not contagious once the rash appears.
	5-15 days	sudden rise in temperature disappearance of fever after 3 days sometimes – sore throat	Fine spotted	The spots appear after the temperature on the body normalizes.	Disappears within a few hours or days without a trace	Infection most often occurs from adults who are carriers of herpes virus type 6
Chicken pox	10-21 days	malaise headache and stomach pain (sometimes) fever up to 38 degrees	Spots, papules, blisters and crusts.	The beginning is on the scalp, face, torso. Then it spreads to the whole body. Different elements of the rash are present simultaneously.	there are no traces, but if scratching causes an infection - scars may remain	48 hours before the rash appears and before crusts form on all elements (up to 2 weeks). It is planned to be included in the vaccination calendar in 2015.
Meningococcal sepsis	-	sharp deterioration in condition fever headache pain and vomiting confusion	From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	More often - the lower limbs and torso.	Extensive hemorrhages can develop into ulcers and scars.	Throughout the illness

Many diseases in childhood are accompanied by the appearance of various rashes on the child’s body. This condition in children raises many questions for their parents. In the photo in the article you can see the types, nature and location of the rash in children with explanations depending on a particular disease.

Types of sipi in childhood

First, let's find out what this concept is. A rash is a pathological element on the skin and mucous membrane of a person that differs in structure from healthy skin. There are several types of rashes in children.

Without certain knowledge, which only a qualified specialist possesses, it is quite difficult to determine one or another type of rash. Our article is provided for informational purposes only. Diagnostics should only be carried out by a doctor.

The science of dermatology deals with the etiology and pathogenesis of rashes. In medical practice, several large groups of these pathological elements on the skin are distinguished:

• Physiological – most often diagnosed in infants under one year of age. The cause of pathological changes here are hormonal fluctuations in the body.
• Infectious – appears due to the influence of viral, bacterial and fungal agents on the body.
• Immunological - appears as a result of exposure of the skin to mechanical irritations, temperature, allergens and other things.

Depending on this classification, the reasons for the appearance of a rash on a child’s body can be identified.

Children's rash can appear on the head, face, arms, legs, neck, back, chest, butt, stomach, elbows, and genital area. The location of pimples, as well as their character, depends on the type of disease that provoked them. The most common causes of pathological changes in the skin are the following factors:

• Disturbances in the composition of the blood. When blood clots poorly, small hemorrhages appear on the skin. This is most typical for meningococcal meningitis.
• Diseases of viral etiology. This group includes measles, chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis, and rubella.
• Bacterial pathologies. A prominent representative is scarlet fever.
• Mechanical factors. If the dermis is damaged, the child may develop a rash in the form of small red dots, blisters, pimples, red or pink spots.
• Allergy. Often, a rash in children appears as a result of insect bites, when the dermis is exposed to household chemicals and some cosmetics. Skin irritation often occurs when eating allergens. Rashes may appear as a response to the use of medications.

From the list it is clear that there are quite a few reasons for this condition.

In addition, in many pathologies the rash has a very similar character. Therefore, do not try to independently diagnose a particular condition in your child. This should be done by an experienced dermatologist.

Photo of a rash in a child with explanations

There are a number of pathologies accompanied by the appearance of pathological formations on the skin in the form of vesicles, pimples, papules, vesicles and other manifestations. Let's look at common diseases that occur in childhood.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic disease that occurs in children from infancy. Pathology occurs in patients with a hereditary predisposition to atopy. Various factors provoke this condition. Among them are:

• genetic predisposition;
• disruption of metabolic processes in the dermis;
• imperfection of the immune system;
• maternal malnutrition during pregnancy;
• the effect of various irritants on the child’s skin.

Symptoms of the disease include redness of the dermis. Localization of the rash is observed on skin folds, legs, arms, and torso. The disease is diagnosed mainly in children under one year of age.

In the photo you can see what atopic dermatitis looks like in a child

Treatment of pathology is carried out comprehensively. In this case, medications, traditional methods, and preventive measures prescribed by a dermatologist are used.

Dermatitis of this type is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the scalp area. The pathology is caused by fungal microorganisms from the genus Malassezia furfur. Under the influence of their vital activity, symptoms characteristic of the disease appear on the child’s skin. These include:

• dry dermis;
• the appearance of yellow crusts on the head, forehead, and in the area of ​​the ears (gneiss);
• itching and peeling;
• redness of the dermis.

What seborrhea looks like in the photo can be seen below

Treatment of the disease is carried out under medical supervision using exfoliating, anti-inflammatory, and emollient agents.

From the name it is clear that this type of rash appears in babies with prolonged contact with irritants such as urine and feces. The cause of the disease is improper care or insufficient hygiene. A rash can also be caused by poor-quality underwear or diapers.

The danger of diaper dermatitis is that if not treated in a timely manner, the baby may develop ulcers and erosions in the genital area. Often a bacterial infection occurs, which significantly complicates treatment.

Diaper dermatitis in the photo

Treatment of the rash is carried out by observing the rules of hygiene, using anti-inflammatory, emollient, disinfecting creams, and herbal baths.

This type of allergic reaction occurs in children due to irritation of the dermis by various factors (seams on clothing, scratches, cosmetics, and so on).

Rash with contact dermatitis in the photo

Treatment of the disease is carried out exclusively by eliminating the irritant. If the factors that provoke rashes are not removed, any hygiene products and medications will be ineffective.

Acne occurs in children at any age. There are quite a few reasons for inflammation. Among them are allergic reactions, the influence of mechanical damage, bacteria, hormonal imbalance and metabolic processes in the body.

There are several types of acne. These include papules, pink or red spots, ulcers, and vesicles. Acne can be localized throughout the body. Most often they occur on the face, chest, back, and buttocks.

Photo of acne in a child

Treatment is carried out depending on the cause that provoked this condition. To find out, you should show the baby to a dermatologist and undergo the necessary laboratory tests.

The disease is provoked by group A streptococci and is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, a general disturbance of the condition and the formation of a small rash throughout the body. Rashes appear in the patient on the 2-3rd day of illness, affecting the cheeks, groin, and sides of the body. The nasolabial triangle is pale and remains unaffected.

The tongue at the beginning of the disease has a red tint and a pronounced granular structure (scarlet tongue). On days 10-14, the skin begins to peel off. On the fingers and toes, the peeling is large-plate in nature. In the throat there are purulent lesions caused by streptococcus.

Rash with scarlet fever in the photo

This photo shows a rash on the tongue

This disease is caused by members of the herpes family. Pathology develops mainly before the age of two years. The clinical picture of the disease includes the following symptoms:

• increased body temperature;
• on the second or third day after a high temperature, a small rash in the form of red spots appears on the baby’s body;
• sometimes there is an enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes;
• after rashes, peeling and age spots appear on the body.

You can see what roseola looks like in the photo.

No special treatment is required for roseola, as with other viral diseases. The child should be provided with comfortable conditions, given plenty of water, and given antipyretics in a timely manner.

This concept refers to an acute viral disease that provokes damage to the throat, tonsils, enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, as well as causing changes in the composition of the blood.

Rash due to infectious mononucleosis in a photo of a child

The clinical picture is accompanied by pronounced redness of the skin, which indicates severe intoxication of the body. The rashes look like goosebumps. The pathology is treated symptomatically, depending on the severity of the patient’s symptoms. The photo shows a rash of moderate severity.

When a child has a rash of a very different nature. It all depends on the characteristics of the body and its immune system. Typically, manifestations on the body look like small pimples. They can appear on a variety of parts.

Photo of a rash due to helminthic infestations

Due to the heat, direct contact with the sun on the skin and insufficient hygiene, the baby often develops heat rash on the body. In this case, small pinpoint formations appear on the body, which do not cause significant inconvenience to the child. This condition is provoked by profuse sweating in humans.

Heat rash in the photo

Treatment of this condition is carried out by maintaining good hygiene practices, frequent bathing and normalizing room temperatures. To cleanse the dermis as quickly as possible, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended. In severe cases, antihistamines are used.

Conclusion

If you find any rashes on your baby’s body, do not try to figure out the cause yourself from a photo. Diagnosing pathology without the necessary knowledge is very difficult. Similar manifestations on the body in children can develop for a variety of reasons. This list includes lactose deficiency, mumps, skin changes due to staphylococcus, dysbacteriosis, and diathesis. Pimples on the chin and around the mouth often occur during teething. Rashes often occur with food allergies. In addition, this symptom is often found in leukemia and other serious diseases.

Be that as it may, the first thing parents need to do when they discover pathological changes on their baby’s body is to seek qualified medical help. Take care of your children and be happy.

Video

Komarovsky spoke in detail about the child’s rash.

Usually, a rash on a child’s body causes a lot of concern among parents. Indeed, it is a common symptom of various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However, timely treatment of skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced and recovery occurs faster

On the head

The rash bothers babies in different parts of the body.

• On the back of the head, small pink dots most often indicate overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant bubbles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate infection with scabies.
• Inflammations in the cheeks and beard indicate allergies to food or medications.
• If a child has a rash on his eyelids, it means that the child has been given inappropriate hygiene products. If the rashes on the eyelids look like scales or become crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On the hands and wrists

In the abdominal area

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red blisters occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which goes away on its own. The abdominal area and hip area most often suffer from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are typical for exfoliating dermatitis.

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed in the abdominal area, erysipelas appears. Don’t forget about acceptable minor rashes from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on a child’s thighs usually appear due to poor hygiene. Often the baby simply sweats in his diapers and suffers from poor-quality clothing. The result is prickly heat. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inner thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes indicate diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, and bacteria multiply in it. Miliaria in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby may develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. Rarely changing diapers and violating hygiene rules lead to an inflammatory process. The butt area can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby actually suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky patches that itch and cause swelling of the feet. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates infection. If a child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with metabolism or the functioning of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby’s sebaceous glands are working too actively. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalances in a child’s body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

Nature of the rash

If you look closely at your baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettle

A rash that resembles nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, and strong physical exertion. The rash resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to poor nutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates irregularities in the nursing mother’s menu. Mosquito bites indicate the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in a disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play a big role. Rashes similar to spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

The rough rash is most often caused by eczema. In this case, the backs of the hands and face are affected. Rough rashes that resemble sandpaper are sometimes caused by keratosis, a form of allergy. Small pimples affect the back and sides of the arms, but sometimes inflammation appears on the inside of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby’s body as a result of urticaria (see: urticaria in children), miliaria, pemphigus. Among the infectious diseases, rashes with blisters are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

To match your skin color

Flesh-colored growths on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color indicates eczema, psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

For sore throat

Often, observing the primary signs of a sore throat in a baby (fever and cough), after a certain time parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease against the background of weakened immunity is likely. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that in the process of treating a sore throat, a child often develops an allergy to antibiotics.

For ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of ARVI has similar causes. A child may be intolerant to drug components or allergic to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

Chickenpox causes itchy spots in babies that almost immediately become large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long it takes for the rash to completely go away depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days are enough.

When measles develops

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The rash from measles appears first on the head, and then spreads to the torso and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble a common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does it take for the rashes to go away? As a rule, the skin recovers on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. There is especially a lot of small rash in the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, and in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the blood vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin forms in various forms. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, and on the sides of the body.

When to call a doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• A rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
• The baby begins to experience headaches, vomiting, and confusion.
• The rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.
• Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely should not be done

• Squeeze out pustules yourself.
• Rip off or pop bubbles.
• Scratch the rash.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (this will make it difficult to make a diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect a child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are now vaccinations against meningitis and rashes caused by it. Ask your doctor for more details.
2. Proper introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach your child a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of allergic rashes.
3. If you suspect that your baby has contracted an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Let's sum it up

• Its localization plays a big role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body that come into most contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and heat rash. The baby's face often becomes covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small dots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, but a rough one indicates problems in the child’s body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If a child's rash is accompanied by coughing, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. At the same time, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

1. If a rash becomes a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing on their own. In children under one year of age, small rashes are most often caused by heat rash due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with allergies to new foods.
2. When a rash appears after sun exposure, the baby is said to have photodermatosis. Sun allergies are accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and boils. The rash is usually rough on the limbs, face and chest. Crusts, scales, and bubbles form.
3. Allergic reactions in a child’s body can manifest themselves to a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of children due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form even after a course of antibiotics for a sore throat. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear within a month.
4. A small, bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rashes are accompanied by a slight fever and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, teething rashes are located on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies is not constant (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes an allergy or dermatitis, which occurs periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after swimming in the pool, choose another establishment where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Small, red rash in a child: photo with explanations.

Diseases begin to accompany a person from the first days of life.

You may not even be aware of the presence of many, but some are indicated by symptoms, among which an important place is given to rashes on the body.

The appearance of a rash on a child’s body due to various skin diseases

Often, people who find a rash on their body or their child’s body mistakenly believe that it is caused by an allergic reaction and buy antihistamines.

At this time, serious changes may occur in the body caused by the development of viral infections.

Rubella

This disease most often occurs in children living in metropolitan areas and large cities.

Rubella is transmitted by airborne droplets through contact with an infected person, and also passes from mother to child through the placenta during pregnancy.

Most often it occurs in children from 6 months to 10 years.

Rubella

For the first six months, a child’s body is protected by antibodies transmitted to it through mother’s milk, so rubella at this age is very rare.

In order to identify the presence of rubella in a child, first of all, you need to pay attention to his behavior.

The first signs of the disease:

• lethargy;
• drowsiness;
• Bad mood;
• overwork.

The temperature gradually rises, rashes appear on the face and head, and then they spread to other parts of the body.

The rash is round or oval in shape and does not exceed 3 millimeters in diameter.

The incubation period for rubella is about 14 to 23 days.

Scarlet fever rash

Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease caused by a pathogenic microbe - streptococcus.

It is transmitted by airborne droplets through the upper respiratory tract.

In most cases, scarlet fever occurs in children between one and 12 years of age.

Scarlet fever rash

Typical symptoms of the disease:

• a sharp jump in body temperature;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• a sore throat.

Associated symptoms may also appear:

• headache;
• weakness;
• malaise.

The scarlet fever rash begins to spread to the face and neck, gradually moving to the torso and limbs of the child.

It consists of small reddish spots that become richer towards the lower abdomen, under the knees and on the elbow folds.

On the face, the rash is more pronounced in the cheek area - there it forms bright spots, along which white marks remain, gradually returning the color back.

The period of time from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms is from 2 to 7 days.

Measles

An acute viral disease of an infectious nature, the source of which is a person who himself has measles.

The greatest chance of becoming infected occurs between the ages of 2 and 5 years.

Measles

Measles does not begin with a rash, but with cold-like symptoms:

• the temperature rises;
• no appetite;
• the child suffers from a dry cough;
• and runny nose with purulent mucous discharge.

Somewhat later, conjunctivitis occurs, redness of the eyelids and swelling of the eyes.

After about 3 weeks, small rashes appear in the mouth, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks.

After a few more days, spots up to 10 mm can be seen on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, gradually moving to the body, arms and legs.

The rash covers the child's body within 4-5 days.

The latent period of the disease is from 10 days to 3 weeks.

Chicken pox - chickenpox

Chickenpox, as everyone is accustomed to calling it, is caused by the herpes virus.

It can be transmitted by airborne droplets, from sick people to healthy people who have not yet been ill.

This disease mainly affects children under 5 years of age.

It is transmitted from a sick person or objects with which an infected person has been in contact.

Young children are most susceptible to scabies, as they have weak, unstrengthened immunity.

It is quite simple to identify scabies in a child over 3 years of age: a single or merged rash with peeling and crusts, pronounced in the area of ​​the buttocks, genitals, axillary folds and between the fingers.

All this is accompanied by itching and sleep disturbances.

In infants, the rash does not have clear localization boundaries - it can be seen on the hands, on the side of the fingers.

The hidden period ranges from several hours to 2 weeks, depending on the type and age of the tick.

Prickly heat

Miliaria is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating and occurs mainly in newborns.

The reason for its appearance is the unfavorable influence of external factors: hot weather, and the child is warmly dressed, or is wearing tight diapers that do not fit, or clothes made of synthetic fabric.

In addition, many parents do not pay due attention to the hygiene of the baby, do not bathe him when necessary, and do not use specialized hygiene products.

There are three types of prickly heat:

1. crystalline - characterized by the presence of small watery bubbles on the child’s body, not exceeding 2 mm. in diameter;
2. red – blisters on the skin become inflamed, become red, cause discomfort and can worsen the baby’s condition;
3. deep - appears as flesh-colored bubbles, sometimes in the form of spots with reddish bases.

Rubella rashes begin on the face, gradually moving to the torso and limbs, and the temperature rises sharply.

An allergic rash appears immediately on all parts of the body, but the child’s condition does not change.

Rashes during measles, just like during rubella, are accompanied by high fever.

A sick child develops weakness and headache, and his voice may become hoarse.

And only after 4-5 days do they appear.

It doesn’t take long to wait, the body reacts to it much faster.

Chickenpox should not be confused with allergic reactions - the rash during it resembles blisters with a reddish border, filled with a clear liquid.

One of the most unpleasant and dangerous diseases - meningococcal infection - differs from allergies in the presence of a rash with subcutaneous hemorrhage, and is accompanied by a serious condition of the child - fever, vomiting, severe headaches.

Another type of skin disease is which is confused with allergies by more than half of parents.

However, it can also be distinguished - scabies itch bothers you mainly at night.

It is at this time that the mites that cause the infection become most active.

The same allergy symptom accompanies the baby throughout the day.

In addition, scabies does not cause a runny nose and watery eyes, which are characteristic of allergic diseases.

A rash on a child’s body that requires immediate medical attention

If your child experiences any of the symptoms described below, you should immediately seek help from qualified professionals:

• fever and a sharp rise in temperature up to 40 degrees;
• unbearable itching of the skin of the whole body;
• nausea, lethargy, vomiting, slow reaction;
• rashes in the form of stars with subcutaneous hemorrhages and swelling.

What not to do if children have rashes

To prevent the possibility of infection and not cause further harm to the child’s health, you should under no circumstances:

• squeeze;
• pick;
• scratch pustules and other rashes;
• remove crusts;
• and also treat them with brightly colored medications (iodine, brilliant green).

It cannot be ignored, because it can indicate the presence of serious diseases, many of which are a threat to the baby’s life.

You should not self-medicate - the list of diseases accompanied by rashes is quite large.

The main thing is to be able to recognize the main symptoms, which can be used to quickly navigate and provide primary medical care.

You should treat the problem with attention and sensitivity and show the child to your doctor as soon as possible.

Rash in a child

Babies often develop a rash on their body. It can have a different nature, so you need to start treatment based on its appearance and location. The symptoms accompanying the rash are also important. They primarily differ in their appearance: size, color, shape, and location.

Types of rashes on the body

The main types of rash are as follows:

First of all, with any type of small rash in a child, it should be shown to a specialist. Because only an experienced doctor can make an accurate diagnosis. Self-medication in some cases can be very dangerous.

Location of spots

It is very important to pay attention to where exactly the stain is located. Thanks to this, it will be possible to determine the baby’s initial illness, which triggered the appearance of the rash.

The reasons for the appearance of spots on the face can be:

If the rash covers the entire body, then the following factors should be considered:

• presence of infection in the body;
• allergies manifested as contact dermatitis or urticaria;
• newborn acne. The solution to this problem is proper nutrition and care, air baths and bathing with baby soap;
• toxic erythema. Affects approximately 90% of the skin. It goes away 3 days after toxins are removed from the body.

As for rashes on the legs and arms, they most likely indicate an allergy. Such a rash can cover the baby’s limbs for a long time, especially if he is under stress and constantly tired. If you do not pay attention to it in a timely manner, it can develop into eczema.

In addition, other diseases can cause the appearance of a rash on the arms and legs: scabies, psoriasis and even lupus. But if there are no spots in other places, there is a possibility that the child has simple heat rash.

Infectious diseases contribute to the appearance of spots on the stomach: chicken pox, scarlet fever, rubella, measles. If you start therapy correctly and on time, the spots will begin to disappear on the third day. If there are no rashes in other places, then the child may have contact dermatitis, which is caused by an allergen that comes into contact with the child’s tummy.

A rash on the neck or head is most often the result of heat rash. It is necessary to ensure proper care of the baby’s skin and normalize thermoregulation. You can bathe the baby in a series and apply ointments to the affected areas. But there are other ailments that provoke the appearance of spots in these places: atopic dermatitis, neonatal pustulosis, scabies, chickenpox.

The most common causes of red spots on the back and shoulders are scarlet fever, rubella, measles, insect bites, prickly heat and allergies. But it can also indicate quite serious diseases.

White dots

The rash is usually pink or red in color. But in some cases, the rashes are white; they appear if the child has allergies, fungal infections, digestive system problems, hormonal imbalance, or vitamin deficiency.

A small rash on a child’s body can be caused by the following factors:

In infants

In the first weeks after birth, active hormonal changes occur in the baby’s body, as evidenced by rashes on his skin. Most parents turn to specialists because a small rash has appeared all over the baby's body.

However, this is a common occurrence in infants. At elevated ambient temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat. Therefore, in places of natural folds - under the arms, in the groin, on the butt and face, a small reddish rash appears. The skin feels damp to the touch.

Miliaria is not a dangerous disease and, after some time, goes away on its own. But parents need to be aware that factors such as being in a wet diaper for a long time or wearing hot clothes can cause diaper rash. When caring for a newborn, the mother must carefully monitor the condition of the baby's skin and notice any changes on it.

Keep in mind that infants can often develop allergies to clothing materials, hygiene products or food. When developing children's immunity, they must be protected from external irritants.

Diseases accompanied by rashes

A small red rash can occur not only with prickly heat, but also with other childhood diseases.

Chicken pox

This disease is most common among children. Almost every child suffers from it. Chickenpox is characterized by a small red itchy rash, which is replaced by small blisters that barely rise above the surface of the skin.

These blisters contain infectious fluid. After the blister bursts, a small red ulcer remains in its place. The child feels the most unpleasant sensations when there are rashes in the mouth, genitals and on the inside of the eyelids. From the period of infection to the appearance of the first red rash, 11 days pass. Very often the patient has a headache and a rise in body temperature. Don't scratch the rash, as this may delay the healing process.

You can help your baby by smearing the wounds with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. It is necessary to minimize leaving home and contact with other people during the period of illness.

Measles

This viral disease is very rare in our times. Its first symptoms can easily be confused with digestive problems or a cold. Only after 4-7 days do red rashes appear. They are preceded by fever and elevated temperature, sometimes reaching 40 degrees. The first areas to suffer from the rash are the gums and mucous membrane of a child's cheeks. After this, the spots spread to the neck and face, shoulders, stomach, back and chest. The last place the rash appears is on the extremities. When the disease begins to pass, the skin in their places turns brown. This disease can provoke serious consequences. Therapy is prescribed only by a specialist.

Rubella

This disease is highly contagious. The incubation period is asymptomatic and lasts about 21 days. The first rashes can be found behind the ears and on the back of the head. After a short period of time, the disease spreads to the baby’s body. At the same time, the baby's body temperature rises. There are no special drugs to treat this disease.

Roseola

Every infant under 2 years of age can encounter this disease.. Pronounced signs of the disease are:

• sore throat;
• increased body temperature;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

After this, small red spots appear on the baby’s face and spread throughout the body at high speed. This disease is contagious, but does not require therapy. It goes away on its own.

Scarlet fever

The first sign of its appearance is a high temperature and the appearance of a characteristic rash in the form of pimples on the tongue. Scarlet fever is caused by streptococcus. The latent phase of the disease has a period of 3−7 days. Rashes are added on the lower and upper extremities, face and body. When the spots disappear, peeling of the skin begins in their place. During this period the person is contagious. It is best to exclude contact with other people.

Meningitis

This is a very dangerous disease, even newborn babies are susceptible to it. The symptoms are:

• the appearance of rashes;
• stiffness and hardness of the neck muscles;
• drowsiness;
• increase in body temperature, which is accompanied by vomiting.

The rash appears in the form of small subcutaneous spots that look like an injection mark or a mosquito bite. They appear primarily on the buttocks and abdomen. After this, they move to the legs and spread throughout the body. If no measures are taken in time, the rash will increase in size and volume and will look like bruises. If medical care is not provided on time, death is possible.

Allergic reactions in children

In the modern world there are many factors that irritate children's delicate skin. Very often, a rash on a child’s body is a manifestation of an allergic reaction. It can have different appearances: small blisters, pimples or spots . It can be localized on any area of ​​the skin. With food allergies, rashes are most often observed on the stomach and back, and when reacting to clothing - on the legs, arms, shoulders, sometimes even on the feet.

In any situation, it is necessary to consult a doctor, this will help to avoid complications and undesirable consequences. Because with severe allergies, Quincke's edema may develop or a malfunction of internal organs may occur.

The most common manifestations of an allergic reaction are:.

1. Atopic dermatitis, which is a red papular rash. Over time, they merge and become crusty. The place of their localization is most often the bends of the limbs, cheeks and face. Accompanied by itching.
2. Hives appear due to temperature factors, medications and food. There are situations when it is impossible to determine the exact cause of this disease.

Insect bites

In summer, the rash may be the result of an insect bite - ants, midges or mosquitoes. The bite site can be felt for several days; it constantly itches, causing discomfort to the child.

But here's a hornet bite, wasps or bees cause much more trouble. They pierce the skin with a sting and inject venom, which causes swelling, swelling and severe pain. Such bites are also dangerous because after them the baby may develop an allergy, and rashes spread throughout the body, while the child feels severe itching and pain. Along with this, breathing difficulties and fainting are possible, and in some situations, anaphylactic shock.

The bite site should be thoroughly examined, remove the sting from it, give the baby an antihistamine and monitor his condition.