Proper nutrition for kidney stones. Urate stones: dieting

nephrolithiasis is the most common disease of the human urinary tract. The disease is characterized by the presence of calculi (stones) in the kidneys, which form gradually from chemical compounds dissolved in urine.

Kidney disease has chronic course with seizures in the form acute pain, nausea, vomiting and blood in the urine.

Why do kidney stones appear?

The sizes of stones that form in the kidneys from crystals and gradually increase are very diverse. The direct causes leading to the appearance of stones in the kidneys have not been studied enough by modern medicine. Factors that affect the formation of stones, consider:

Hereditary (genetic) predisposition;
Metabolic disorders leading to changes in the composition of the blood and, accordingly, urine;
Infectious lesions urinary tract;
Violations of the passage of urine through the urinary system;
Chronic diseases of the stomach or intestines (colitis, gastritis, peptic ulcers);
Diseases genitourinary system(prostatitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, adenoma);
Diseases skeletal system(osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, gout);
Prolonged (chronic) dehydration of the body;
Not balanced diet with a predominance of purine compounds and products that affect the increase in urine acidity;
Lack of ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D.

Each of the above factors, individually and in combination with others, can lead to the formation kidney stones of one kind or another: the appearance of calculi rarely does without the presence of a concomitant disruption in work individual bodies or their systems.

What stones can form in the kidneys?

There are several types of kidney stones: top priority doctor and patient - to find out what kind of calculus is in the body. From chemical composition stones depends on subsequent treatment and, in particular, the diet of the patient.

Kidney stones are:

Oxalate;
Phosphate;
Urate - formed as a result of crystallization of salts uric acid with gout;
struvite;
Amino acids (cystine and xanthine);
Cholesterol.

The most common stones are those with a predominance in the composition of calcium, or rather, calcium salts - these stones include oxalate and phosphate formations in the kidneys. Calcium stones account for about 80% of all stones. Urate stones are less common - in 15% of cases. Amino acid, struvite and cholesterol stones occur in 5% of cases.

How to eat and what rules should be followed with kidney stones?

Mode And balanced diet in nephrolithiasis - an important component of a complete therapy. Difficult to achieve without the right diet sustainable result.

Regulated and carefully balanced diet can prevent surgical intervention or other complex therapeutic procedures.

Drink more water . It is recommended to increase the daily amount of fluid to 3 liters, (about 2 liters should be pure drinking water). Tea and coffee should be limited in consumption and drink not strong. In the absence of fluid retention in the body, stone formation stops: sometimes small stones even come out of the kidneys with urine. Drink fluids throughout the day.
Limit the amount of meat in your diet. animal protein and especially purine compounds contribute to an increase in salts in the urine.
Increase your vitamin A intake- they are rich in pumpkin and carrots.
Limit your vitamin C intake- its excess is harmful in kidney stones.
The amount of salt consumed per day should not exceed 2-4 g. You should also replace regular salt with sea salt.
For some types of stones, it is recommended to limit the consumption of dairy products.. However, foods rich in calcium should not be completely excluded from the diet: according to the latest scientific data, calcium stones can form not from an excess, but from a deficiency of this element.

Diet options for different types of stones

For oxalate stones

Oxalate stones are characterized by excessive excretion of oxalic acid by the kidneys. This calls for an exclusion from the menu of products containing this compound. Doctors prescribe diet, suggesting the rejection of:

Fatty meats;
Internal organs of birds and mammals;
Thick broths based on meat or fish;
Kholodtsov and jelly;
Meat and fish canned food;
Smoked products;
Some types of greens - spinach, lettuce, sorrel, rhubarb, parsley, asparagus;
Red and Brussels sprouts, beets, fried potatoes, mushrooms, green beans;
Cocoa and coffee;
beer;
Chocolate
Tomato juice.

It is recommended to eat boiled meat or boiled fish, vegetable and fruit soups, cauliflower and white cabbage, boiled potatoes, sprouted wheat and bran, all types of vegetables that are not included in the “forbidden” list, fruits, berries and juices. Very useful for oxalate stones herbal decoctions- St. John's wort, lingonberries, black currants.

stick enough strict diet especially necessary in the acute stage.

With urate stones

With urate stones, products containing purine bases are prohibited. The list of foods to be excluded from the diet includes:

Offal (kidneys, liver, brains);
Fatty meat and meat of young animals;
Broths, mushroom and meat soups;
Canned fish, salted and smoked fish;
Animal fats;
Strong tea, coffee;
legumes;
Greens (sorrel, spinach).

Dishes from potatoes, beets, carrots, asparagus, lettuce, rhubarb, cereals are allowed. Vegetable and fruit soups, cheese, dairy products, vegetable oil are useful for urate stones. It is allowed to use any fruits and berries (excluding sour varieties).

Table salt is also prohibited in an amount of more than 4-5 g per day. In the absence of contraindications for urate stones, it is recommended to drink more than 3 liters of fluid daily.

Sometimes urate stones can be completely dissolved with a strict diet.

With phosphate stones

Fish (in any form);
Dairy and vegetable soups;
Smoked meats, spicy and salty dishes;
Milk and dairy products;
Potatoes, vinaigrettes, vegetable salads;
Alcohol;
Cocoa.

It is allowed to eat meat, poultry (in any form), bread, any cereals and cereals from them (cooked without the use of milk), eggs, butter, lard, vegetable oil, green peas, pumpkin, compotes and sour fruits, honey, sugar, sweets, coffee and tea.

For all types of kidney stones, it is useful to use herbal medicine - drink herbal decoctions and infusions different composition. Kidney herbal tea usually consists of horsetail, cranberries, junipers, corn silk, thyme.

Before using herbal preparations for the treatment of kidney stones, you should definitely talk with your doctor: contraindications are possible.

Video: How to eat right with kidney stones - all the secrets

A diet for kidney stones in women is one of the main components of the treatment of the disease and the prevention of its complications. It is the diet that great importance, since all the breakdown products of food pass through the kidneys. Nephrolithiasis contributes to malnutrition, stress, hard water, the use of drugs in in large numbers.

When compiling diet menu the chemical composition of kidney stones is taken into account.

Basic nutrition rules

Proper nutrition for urolithiasis in women is aimed at normalizing metabolism, especially the metabolic processes of purines. In addition, the diet makes the reaction of urine alkaline or acidic, depending on the chemical composition of the stones. This contributes to the dissolution of calculi, prevents the appearance of a precipitate of uric acid salts and removes them from the body. Properly selected nutrition will correct the functioning of the intestines, normalize the weight of a woman.

According to the developments of Pevzner, in the presence of calculi in the kidneys, table No. 6 is assigned. In general, the diet is normal, but there are some restrictions on the use of refractory fats and proteins of animal origin. Up to 80 g of proteins are required per day, of which only half is allocated to vegetable proteins. The norm of fats per day is up to 90 g, up to 70% of which are animals. Carbohydrates are allowed 400 g, sugar is allowed up to 80 g. The daily calorie intake is up to 2400 kcal.

All secrets proper nutrition with nephrolithiasis:

rule	Peculiarities
Diet	There is supposed to be up to 5 times a day. And the portions should be small. This will reduce the work load. digestive tract, will normalize weight, especially if a woman is obese. Neither overeating nor fasting should be allowed, since in such cases the level of concentration of uric acid and other compounds that contribute to the formation of calculi increases. The last meal of the day should be 3 hours before bedtime.
Heat treatment	Any is allowed, with the exception of frying. Fish, meat and poultry must first be boiled before cooking. Then half of the purines will pass from them into the broth. Products are recommended either to serve big chunks, or chop, but not very finely
Meal temperature	It should be from 15 to 550 C, that is, the food will not be too hot or cold
The amount of salt consumed	It should be up to 5 g per day. An excess of the product not only increases blood pressure, but also provokes the formation of sand and stones. To control the amount of salt used, it is recommended to add it to already prepared dishes.
Drinking regime	It is supposed to consume at least 2 liters per day. This helps to remove the sand. Perfectly suitable low-mineral or boiled water, juices from fruits and vegetables, herbal decoctions. If you drink more of these drugs, then the concentration of urine decreases.

Alcoholic drinks are not allowed in the presence of kidney stones - they can provoke a spasm of the urinary canals, stagnant processes in the organs, pain syndrome. The concentration of urine also increases, due to which precipitation is formed.

An important point in urolithiasis in women is weight control. With obesity, it must be brought back to normal. If a woman has overweight, while the calorie content of the dishes consumed is increased, the concentration of uric acid increases, which leads to deposits in the kidneys.

Allowed and prohibited products

The diet for urolithiasis largely depends on the chemical composition of the stones. If the metabolic processes of calcium and phosphorus are disturbed, then the situation will lead to phosphate stones. In this case, doctors prescribe therapeutic diet which contributes to the acidification of urine.

Oxalates are formed in the body if the concentration of ascorbic or oxalic acid is elevated. In such cases, alkalization of urine is required.

Uraturia is understood as education in bladder urates. They form in the background high content uric acid in the urine, and it is a product purine metabolism. Urate stones form when urine is acidic. The diet is also aimed at alkalizing urine, limiting the use of foods with high content purines. In general, nutrition is of a dairy-vegetable type.

With urolithiasis, you can not eat:

fatty meat, poultry skins, offal, fatty fish (salmon, herring, mackerel), seafood, broths based on such products;
lard, margarine, lamb and beef fat;
jelly, aspic, aspic;
sausages, sausages, smoked products, corned beef, canned fish and meat;
sorrel, spinach, eggplant, beets, rhubarb;
citrus fruit;
sour berries - gooseberries, currants, lingonberries, raspberries, cranberries;
pastries, creams, fresh bread;
spicy and salty cheeses;
marinades;
eggs, especially the yolk;
hot spices - mustard, horseradish, pepper;
Coffee and tea;
chocolate, cocoa.

Allowed products include:

bread made from flour that does not belong to the highest grades is best coarse grinding either bran, as they are a source of B vitamins;
pasta, but you need to use them in moderation;
cereals (they are also supposed to be consumed in moderation);
fresh vegetables;
potato;
lean meat, fish, poultry;
dairy and sour-milk products, they must be low-fat;
cheese (not salty and not spicy);
sweet berries and fruits - grapes, plums, apples, pears, watermelons;
dried fruits;
steamed eggs;
honey, marmalade, marshmallow, jam;
vegetable oils, butter will have to be limited.

Useful foods high in vitamins from group B, magnesium. They are able to remove urate and oxalate stones. It is supposed to enrich the diet with food with this vitamin, as it promotes the regeneration of the mucous layer of the kidneys and urinary canals.

Recipes

You can cook delicious, but diet soup with buckwheat. Recipe:

1. Take 4 potatoes, 1 carrot and half an onion.
2. Pour 3 liters of water into a saucepan and boil.
3. Lower all the vegetables after washing, peeling and cutting them into small pieces.
4. Rinse the buckwheat and add it too (with a glass, although it can be done in a different way - thicker, thinner).
5. Cook for 15 minutes.
6. Wait until the dish is infused.

Cereal bread is allowed for this soup. Or make croutons by rubbing them with garlic.

A good option diet food- pilaf, but it will turn out sweet, as it is prepared with dried fruits and pumpkin:

1. Take 300 g of rice for 100 g of pumpkin. Additional 10 g required olive oil, dried apricots, raisins, prunes, barberries, apples, and spices - coriander, saffron and cumin (ingredients can be taken to taste).
2. Cut the pumpkin and apples into small pieces.
3. Rinse the dried fruits and chop them too.
4. Pour a third of rice on the bottom of the pan, add pumpkin, apples and a little oil, dried fruits (alternate layers).
5. Pour boiling water, add spices and cook for an hour.

Menu for the week

The diet should be varied, high in vitamins and minerals. Experts advise to develop a menu for this immediately for a week:

Day of the week	Menu
Monday	1. Breakfast: salad from fresh vegetables, flavored vegetable oil(from olives or flax). 3. Lunch: mashed potatoes, boiled fish. 4. Snack: 2 apples or bananas. 5. Dinner: cottage cheese with dried fruits, dry biscuits
Tuesday	1. Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with apples. 2. Second breakfast: natural homemade yogurt without berry or fruit fillers, but with the addition of a handful of nuts. 3. Lunch: borscht, potato chops, stewed carrots. 4. Snack: millet porridge and apples. 5. Dinner: carrot casserole with prunes
Wednesday	1. Breakfast: vegetable salad, boiled egg. 2. Second breakfast: oatmeal with the addition of dried apricots, raisins, prunes. 3. Lunch: dumplings with steamed cottage cheese and a little sour cream for them. 4. Afternoon snack: a couple of apples. 5. Dinner: rice, bell pepper and eggplant, baked in the oven or stewed
Thursday	1. Breakfast: a salad of boiled beets, prunes and nuts (seasoned with olive oil). 2. Second breakfast: yogurt and vegetable salad. 3. Lunch: boiled fish and vegetable stew, okroshka is additionally allowed. 4. Snack: fruit salad. 5. Dinner: potato casserole with sour cream
Friday	1. Breakfast: boiled egg, oatmeal with the addition of dried fruits. 2. Second breakfast: apple and beetroot salad. 3. Lunch: soup based vegetable broth with the addition of potato dumplings; buckwheat porridge and steamed vegetables. 4. Snack: a couple of apples or a banana, yogurt. 5. Dinner: pasta, hard cheese with tomatoes (they need to be stewed)
Saturday	Fasting day. It is allowed to eat cottage cheese, fruits, drink green tea and water
Sunday	1. Breakfast: boiled carrot and beetroot salad. 2. Second breakfast: steamed omelet. 3. Lunch: carrot and pumpkin puree soup, zucchini pancakes (add sour cream). 4. Snack: vegetable salad, kefir. 5. Dinner: rice with apples and dried fruits, baked in an oven

You can drink all meals with tea (green or black with the addition of a small amount of milk), rosehip broth, dried fruit compote. As a second dinner, tea, kefir, yogurt, whey with cereal breadcrumbs are also recommended.

Urolithiasis disease ( urolithiasis ) is a metabolic disease and is manifested by the formation of stones in any organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters or bladder. The likelihood of urolithiasis in humans is increased hormonal imbalance, hereditary metabolic disorders, nutrition of the patient, as well as existing anatomical anomalies.

The development of stones is the result of the process of formation of the nucleus and the accumulation around it of constantly formed crystals. The formation of the nucleus occurs when crystals of various salts precipitate from urine supersaturated with them. The role of certain nanobacteria in this process has been proven. These atypical Gram-negative bacteria produce calcium carbonate on the cell surface urinary system. Substances that keep salts in solution and prevent their precipitation include: sodium chloride , magnesium, zinc, manganese ions, hippuric acid , citrates, cobalt. Even in small quantities, these substances inhibit crystallization.

The clinic of the disease is quite diverse. Some patients present with a single attack renal colic, while in others it becomes protracted, an infection joins and there are various diseases kidney: , pyonephrosis , sclerosis of the renal parenchyma and development. The main symptoms of the disease are pain, the appearance of blood in the urine, urination disorders and the passage of stones and salt crystals.

Nutrition for nephrolithiasis will depend on the composition of the stones, and therefore may include mutually exclusive foods. Calcium is the basis of most urinary stones. noted highest prevalence calcium stones (including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate), urate, consisting of salts of uric acid and magnesium-containing. The oversaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate plays a major role in the formation of calcium oxalate.

Initial treatment for any type of KSD is aimed at increasing fluid intake, improving diuresis, changing diet, and controlling the acid-base balance of the urine. Kidney stone disease is a serious problem in urology, because despite the introduction of new, high-tech methods of therapy, there is a high frequency of recurrence of stone formation.

A rational diet restores normal metabolism and urine reaction, on which the possibility of the formation of calculi depends. In an acidic environment, urate stones are formed, oxalate - in a neutral acidic, and phosphate - in an alkaline. The right diet changes pH urine and serves as a criterion for the correctness of the diet. If the level pH in the morning 6.0-6.4, and in the evening 6.4-7.0, then the body is fine, since the optimal level is 6.4-6.5.

Treatment also depends on the composition of the stones and the acid-base state of the urine. "Sand in the kidneys" is expelled abundant reception liquids and medicinal mineral waters, holding watermelon days and dietary recommendations. Decoctions of herbs (horsetail, lingonberry leaf, madder dye, goldenrod) and herbal preparations are widely used.

With phosphaturia, foods containing calcium and phosphorus are sharply limited. It is recommended to drink liquid up to 2-2.5 liters. In the presence of hypercalciuria appoint diphosphonates . You can increase the acidity of urine by drinking acidic juices and mineral waters Narzan, Darasun, Arzni, Smirnovskaya.

Taking into account all these points, adjustments are made to the diet:

Foods high in oxalic acid are excluded: rhubarb, figs, sorrel, spinach, beans, chocolate, parsley, celery. A moderate content of this acid is found in tea, chicory, carrots, green beans, onions, beets, tomatoes, plums, strawberries, gooseberries.
The use with products is limited: grapefruit, strawberries, lemons, sea buckthorn, gooseberries, currants, oranges, tangerines, rose hips, cranberries, mountain ash, wild strawberries, wild garlic, bell peppers.
A large amount of vegetable fiber is introduced.
A plentiful drinking regimen is observed, which prevents the precipitation of calcium oxalates (3 liters per day). Water is alternated with the use of juices (cucumber and other fruit and vegetable), compotes, fruit and vegetable broths. Weak solutions organic acids (malic, citric, benzoic and others) contained in them can dissolve oxalates.
Alkalization of urine is carried out by using mineral waters: Naftusya, Essentuki No. 4 and No. 20, Truskavetska, Luzhanska, Morshinska, Berezovskaya.
Oxalates are removed from the peel of apples, pears and quince, birch leaves, elder flowers, violet roots.

Diet for urolithiasis in women

More common in women severe forms, For example, staghorn nephrolithiasis . With coral stones foreign body occupies almost all cavity system kidneys. With this severe form of ICD, only open operation. common cause his is hyperparathyroidism (increased function parathyroid glands). Thanks to modern diagnostics such running forms in Lately began to meet less often.

The growth of urolithiasis is provoked by: the nature of nutrition (an abundance of protein in the diet), physical inactivity, which leads to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Unbalanced diet exacerbates the situation. For example, a bias towards protein foods with frequent adherence to a protein diet provokes the formation of urate stones. With sand in the kidneys, attention should be paid to nutrition and the reaction of urine, since this condition is reversible and can be corrected by nutrition and abundant fluid intake. You can periodically take diuretic fees. For urolithiasis in women, the general dietary recommendations described above should be followed, as they do not differ.

For women it is also important:

fight hypodynamia and lead active image life;
prevent weight gain;
use enough liquids;
do not overcool and treat on time inflammatory diseases urinary area.

All these factors contribute to stone formation.

With pyelonephritis and urolithiasis

In this case, a more rigorous approach to treatment and therapeutic nutrition is needed. Pyelonephritis is often a complication of KSD. IN without fail held antibiotic therapy according to the results of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs. In parallel appointed herbal preparations ( , Kanefron , ). It must be remembered that only the removal of the stone creates the conditions for the complete elimination of the infection.

Treatment phosphate crystalluria aimed at acidifying the urine. For this purpose, mineral waters are used: Dzau-suar, Narzan, Arzni and preparations:, ascorbic acid . Food is prescribed with a restriction of foods with phosphorus (legumes, chocolate, cheese, dairy products, liver, fish roe, chicken). If there is a large amount of calcium phosphate in the urine, it is necessary to reduce the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the intestine by prescribing Almagel . In the presence of tripelphosphates antibiotic therapy and uroantiseptics for the purpose of sanitation of the urinary system.

During treatment urate crystalluria child nutrition provides for an exception purine bases. This following products: meat broths, liver, kidneys, nuts, peas, beans, cocoa. Preference is given to products of dairy and vegetable origin. It is important to drink 1-2 liters of fluid. These should be slightly alkaline mineral waters, decoction of oats and decoctions of herbs (dill, horsetail, lingonberry leaf, birch leaf, clover, knotweed). For supporting pH urine use citrate mixtures ( Magurlit , Uralit-U , blemarin , salt water ).

Stone formation in a child is provoked by conditions that lead to permanent obstruction of the urinary tract: anomalies in development and position, endocrinopathy ( hyperparathyroidism , hyperthyroidism , infant hypercalcemia ) acquired tubulopathies and chronic urinary infection. Of course, it is important to eliminate the main cause of stone formation.

The diet prescribed by urologists and nephrologists for kidney stones may not be the same for everyone who suffers from kidney stones. Therapeutic nutrition should correspond to the chemical composition of the stones formed in the kidneys.

So, what is the diet for kidney stones? And, most importantly, which one is right for you?

Treatment of kidney stones with diet

Although the development of nephrolithiasis (nephrolithiasis) is due to a number of reasons, the mechanism for the formation of calculi is triggered by violations of the processes of formation and utilization of chemical compounds that make up urine. These compounds include: sodium and potassium salts uric acid (urates), calcium and ammonium salts of oxalic acid (oxalates), calcium salts phosphoric acid(phosphates) and calcium salts of carbonic acid (carbonates).

The fundamental principles on which the treatment of kidney stones with a diet is based are to limit the intake of food into the body of precisely those substances whose metabolism deviates from the norm. Or, as an option, it is recommended to introduce products into the usual diet, which contain substances that help neutralize stone-forming factors.

For example, when purine metabolism is disturbed, urate stones are deposited in the kidneys, since uric acid is the end product of purine base metabolism. A person does not have the enzyme uricase that breaks down uric acid salts, so an excess of purines leads to an increase in the content (more than 70 mg / l) of uric acid either in the blood (hyperuricemia) or in the urine (uric acid diathesis or hyperuricuria). Poorly water-soluble uric acid - in the form of sodium urate crystals - is deposited in the joints (with all famous gout), while high acidity urine (pH

In addition, the diet for kidney stones should take into account that the formation of stones is determined by the level of acidity of the urine. So, oxalate stones are formed in slightly acidic urine (pH = 5.8-6.5), and alkaline urine (pH> 7-7.5) is a fertile environment exclusively for the crystallization of phosphoric acid salts. On this basis, foods are recommended that can either alkalinize urine or increase its acidity.

General recommendations for all types of kidney stones are to increase the amount of fluid consumed: at least two liters should be drunk during the course, and half of this amount should be water. This is necessary to ensure the therapeutically necessary level for nephrolithiasis. daily diuresis. And be sure to reduce the amount of salt - so that the fluid in the body does not linger.

The state of the urinary tract mucosa depends on the content of retinol (vitamin A), so its deficiency in the body cannot be allowed. But ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and calciferol (vitamin D) require caution. Ascorbic acid (with excessive use) helps to increase the acidity of urine, and vitamin D activates the reabsorption (reabsorption) of calcium in the intestines and phosphorus in the kidneys. Although the relationship of these vitamins and the occurrence of nephrolithiasis is not recognized by all experts.

Diet for oxalate kidney stones - oxaluria

The diet for oxalate kidney stones prescribes to completely exclude the use of foods that contain a lot of oxalic acid or oxalates: potatoes, eggplant, tomatoes, carrots, zucchini, greens. leafy vegetables(spinach, sorrel, parsley, celery), green and hot peppers, garlic, beans and soy products and all sorts of nuts.

What can not be eaten with kidney stones due to oxaluria? Specialists of the National Cancer Institute (American National Cancer Institute) strongly advise not to lean on buckwheat, millet, maize ( corn porridge) and rye bread; minimize the addition of spices such as black pepper to dishes, ground ginger, coriander, curry, cloves, cinnamon, anise seeds.

The "black list" of oxalate-containing fruits and berries included: apples and pears; oranges and tangerines; kiwi, persimmon and pineapple; apricots and peaches; dark plums and prunes; raspberries, strawberries, red currants, gooseberries, dark grapes.

Many oxalates contain cocoa (and, of course, chocolate), coffee (including instant), beer, black tea, a decoction of rose hips, juices - orange, grape, carrot, tomato.

What can you eat with kidney stones? For oxalate stones, the diet may include: meat and bacon; a bird; fish (except sardine) and seafood; eggs; milk and cheeses; pasta, wheat bread, rice, oatmeal, mushrooms, sugar, honey. In the list of allowed products there was a place for cabbage (white, cauliflower, kohlrabi); cucumbers and green peas; radish and red pepper; watermelons, melons and pumpkins; bananas and avocados; green grapes; apples (no peel) and apple juice. And, of course, green tea.

For patients with oxaluria, doctors prescribe pyridoxine (vitamin B6). In addition, yeast (baker's or beer), fish, beef and beef liver, chicken and egg yolks.

Diet for urate kidney stones - uraturia

Since the formation of urate stones from uric acid salts contributes to increased pH value(pH) of urine, then a decrease in its acidity (alkalinization) is the basis of the diet for urate kidney stones.

Most suitable for this: cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, radishes, peppers, beets, carrots, celery, apricots (fresh and dried fruits), peaches, apples, cherries, currants, gooseberries, grapes, prunes, figs, watermelon, melon . Urine acidity levels help balance intake oatmeal, boiled "in uniform" potatoes, citrus juice (orange, lemon), milk (only fresh raw).

It is very important to know what not to eat with kidney stones with uraturia. Since an increase in the content of uric acid is provoked by acidic metabolites of the breakdown of proteins of animal origin (in particular, sulfur-containing amino acids and urea), the diet should be mainly vegetable and dairy. So you have to give up meat (especially red), meat broths, offal, sausages and canned food. Although nutritionists have an alternative for those who are unable to cope with such a restriction: strictly “dosing” the consumption of meat and cooking it according to the rules that will reduce the amount of toxins.

Firstly, the daily portion of meat should be determined at the rate of one gram for every kilogram of body weight. Secondly, the meat must not be stewed, not fried or even baked, but boiled. Moreover, draining the water after the first boil, pouring water again and putting a whole onion and a small carrot (which are thrown away after cooking is over).

Diet for phosphate kidney stones - phosphaturia

Considering that the crystallization of calcium salts of phosphoric acid occurs with an excess of calcium and phosphorus against the background of alkaline urine, it becomes obvious which diet for kidney stones is necessary in this case.

To reduce the intake of these macronutrients, specialists in clinical nutrition of the US National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recommend not to consume: milk and fermented milk products(primarily cottage cheese and cheeses), sea fish and seafood, buckwheat, pearl barley, oatmeal, eggs, legumes, grapes and garlic, eggplant and cucumbers, lettuce and pumpkin. Beets, sorrel, spinach, and chocolate interfere with absorption of calcium.

Diet at phosphate stones kidneys at the same time should provide a change in the reaction of urine from alkaline to acidic, for which you should include in your menu: meat, lard, offal, fats and oils, legumes, cereals, corn, rice, nuts and seeds (walnuts, sesame, peanuts, sunflower), products containing sugar, tea, coffee, various spicy seasonings. fried foods also not allowed.

Domestic nutritionists prescribe to their patients with phosphaturia the diet used for urolithiasis 14 - s good nutrition and limiting alkalizing foods. And in the list of recommended (except those mentioned above) fish, absolutely all cereals, mushrooms, pumpkin, green pea, sour apples and berries.

Diet 7 recommended by some doctors for kidney stones is for patients with chronic nephritis(inflammation of the kidneys) or for the period of recovery with acute form this pathology. This diet restricts salt intake (no more than 7 grams per day) and is aimed at "moderate sparing of kidney function, effect on increased arterial pressure and edema."

Diet for calcium kidney stones - hypercalciuria

Filtration of calcium cations (Ca 2+) is carried out by the kidneys, while - in the case of an increase in the content of this macroelement in the blood - its concentration in the urine also increases.

The diet for calcium kidney stones involves the maximum reduction in the use of calcium-rich foods, and this, first of all, milk and all products based on it. In addition, it is recommended to limit the consumption of meat, as animal protein increases the level of calcium in the urine. But, the fact is that both oxalates and phosphates (as indicated at the beginning of the section) are calcium stones. So almost all types of kidney stones contain calcium, and therefore among professionals therapeutic dietology the term "diet for calcium kidney stones" is not in circulation. And appointment diet food with nephrolithiasis, it is carried out taking into account the Ca content in the stones, however fundamental principle What acids did it react with? And since most biochemical processes in the body calcium and phosphorus are involved in the form of calcium phosphate, then the same diet can be recommended for calcium stones as for phosphaturia (especially since most foods contain calcium in the form of calcium phosphate).

NKF experts argue that for the purpose of prevention, regulation of the amount of calcium in the diet can prevent hypercalciuria only in rare cases because the body does not absorb more calcium than it needs. According to the majority of foreign physicians, contained in food products calcium does not affect the risk of kidney stones. After all, stones are formed when calcium binds with acids, in the case of oxaluria, with oxalic acid, which is one of the strongest organic acids of the carboxylic group. It easily binds cations of metals such as iron and magnesium, not to mention calcium, which is an alkaline earth metal.

By the way, if you are interested in a diet for coral kidney stones, then you need to clarify: there is no such diet. Coral, more precisely coral-like, are called calculi of various chemical compositions, which have a branched shape similar to the colonies of marine polyps. And the shape of the stones - as unnecessary - medical nutrition does not take into account.

To nephrolithiasis did not overshadow your life, you need to be responsible for what is included in your daily diet. And a steadily observed diet for kidney stones will greatly facilitate the course of the disease.

Diet for kidney stones in men is one of the main curative measures besides drug therapy And special operation crushing by shock-wave equipment.

Nephrolithiasis (kidney disease) various reasons: bad environmental situation, stress, malnutrition, hard water, overuse medicines. All these factors provoke the appearance of stones in the kidneys in men and exacerbation of diseases. To dissolve stones, you need not only to use special medicines And folk remedies at home, but also to reconsider your diet.

Basic nutrition rules

Comprehensive treatment for kidney stones includes healthy lifestyle life, including proper nutrition. To achieve a sustainable result, the diet must be long-term. It is developed individually for each person, depending on the type of stones in the urine.

A diet in the presence of kidney stones will prevent their increase in size and the formation of new ones. In addition, appropriate nutrition will remove accumulated salts, improve the digestion process, and reduce the likelihood of inflammation in the urinary tract.

The basic rules of nutrition for kidney stones in men are as follows:

Rules	Peculiarities
Diet	Eat food 5-6 times a day. Of these, 3 are the main receptions, and the rest are snacks. As a result, the interval between them will be approximately 3 hours. The last meal should be 3 hours before bedtime
Heat treatment of products	All options are allowed, with the exception of frying in oil. It is best to replace such dishes with casseroles cooked in the oven.
Meal temperature	The best option is from 15 to 60 0 C. In other words, you should not eat too hot or cold food
Salt restriction	Only 5 g is allowed per day. An excess amount causes an increase in calculi, an increase blood pressure. It is recommended to add salt immediately to ready meals. Then it's easier to follow daily dose. Best to replace table salt nautical
Limiting the intake of foods high in ascorbic acid	In large quantities, this substance is harmful in nephrolithiasis.

If you have kidney stones, you will have to refuse foods that contain a large amount of purines. This applies to foods high in animal proteins and fatty acids saturated type.

With kidney stones are contraindicated:

cookies, desserts with jam, preserves, creams, halva, muffins;
fatty meat and fish, caviar, seafood, sausage, smoked meats;
jelly, coffee, cocoa;
citrus;
sour berries;
greenery;
egg yolk;
salted cheeses with spices;
legumes.

Allowed foods include:

whole wheat bread;
cereals;
pasta from durum wheat;
chicken and turkey;
lean fish (cod, pollock);
fresh fruits and dried fruits;
salads with pickled and sauerkraut;
dairy products;
mild cheeses;
honey, pollen, marshmallow, marmalade.

It is recommended to use more products, which have an alkalizing effect on urine and dissolve urate and oxalate stones. Fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products containing bifidobacteria should be added to the menu. An exception is phosphaturia, when it is necessary to form a special "acidic" environment.

It is recommended to consume more foods containing B vitamins, as they accelerate the process of removing urate and oxalate stones. To enhance the effect, you need to introduce food into the diet, rich in vitamin A. It is not only useful for the whole organism, but also restores the mucous layers of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Menu for the week

When compiling a diet for 7 days, you need to take into account all the secrets of proper nutrition for nephrolithiasis, exacerbation renal pathologies. It is recommended to develop the menu in advance.

An approximate diet for a week is presented in the table.

Day of the week	Menu
Monday	Breakfast: vegetable salad (sealed with olive or linseed oil); lunch: steamed protein omelet; dinner: mashed potatoes and boiled fish; afternoon tea: banana or 2 apples; dinner: cottage cheese with dried fruits, biscuits
	Breakfast: buckwheat, apples; lunch: a handful of any nuts (you can combine different ones) and a glass of yogurt; dinner: borsch; afternoon tea: millet porridge with apples; dinner: carrot and prunes casserole
	Breakfast: vegetable salad, chicken egg; lunch: oatmeal with the addition of dried fruits; dinner: cottage cheese dumplings (steam), a little low-fat sour cream; afternoon tea: a couple of apples; dinner: stewed rice, eggplant and bell pepper baked in the oven
	Breakfast: boiled beets with chopped prunes and walnuts with a little olive oil; lunch: yogurt and vegetable salad; dinner: boiled fish and vegetable stew, okroshka; afternoon tea: fruit salad; dinner: potato casserole (spice with low-fat sour cream)
	Breakfast: boiled egg, oatmeal with dried fruits; lunch: beet-apple salad; dinner: vegetable soup, buckwheat porridge and steamed vegetables; afternoon tea: banana or a couple of apples, yogurt; dinner: pasta, stewed tomatoes, cheese
	Fasting day. It is allowed to eat fruits from the list of allowed and cottage cheese. Drink water or green tea
Sunday	Breakfast: a mixture of grated boiled carrots and beets; lunch: steamed omelette, biscuit biscuits; dinner: carrot and pumpkin puree soup, zucchini pancakes (seasoned with sour cream); afternoon tea: vegetable salad; dinner: apples baked with rice and dried fruits

You can drink meals with black and green tea, a decoction of rosehip berries, dried fruit compote, berry juice, milk. Before going to bed, it is recommended to drink a cup of yogurt or yogurt, low-fat natural yogurt without fruit and berry additives. Additionally, it is allowed to have a snack before going to bed, cereal bread or biscuit cookies.

Features of nutrition for various types of stones

The diet may vary depending on the type of calculus. Eat general rules dietary nutrition used for any kidney stones, but there are certain features indicated in the table:

Type of stones
Oxalates	They are common types of stones. This problem is caused by violations metabolic processes with oxalic acid, which is reflected in the formation of insoluble calcium salts in the urine. main reason their formation is dehydration. That's why it's important to watch out for oxalate stones drinking regimen- requires the use of 2-3 liters per day of pure or mineral water. Fruit drinks, compotes are suitable. The next reason that causes the abundant formation of oxalic acid in the internal organs is the use of a large number of products of purple, dark green and red shades. It is recommended to consume more raspberries, blueberries, citrus fruits, mushrooms, cucumbers, apples and leafy greens
	Formed due to salts of uric acid. This disease is called uraturia. During treatment, you can not eat smoked meats, preservation, alcohol. As a prevention of the formation of such stones, it is recommended to use grapes, watermelons, green apples, black currants. Need to drink more clean water
	The main factors provoking the formation of phosphate stones are infections, kidney failure in acute form, hydronephrosis, wrinkling of the kidney, colic. It is necessary to limit the use of nuts, alcohol, hot spices, cheese, cereals with milk, sour cream, eggs, fruits and vegetables in fresh, smoked meats, pickles

Recipes

Be sure to follow the drinking regimen and consume up to 2 liters of water per day. Useful various decoctions and infusions based on medicinal plants:

burdock;
rose hip;
wheatgrass;
knotweed;
Birch buds.

Need 1 tbsp. l. raw materials pour a cup of boiling water and leave for a couple of hours. Drink several sips half an hour before meals. You can add ginger to the drink.