Frequent colds in adults: what to do. Why do people often get colds?

Why do I often get colds? This question arises for many adults. The norm is considered to be from one to two viral diseases in year, if they take place during the season of increased activity of microorganisms that cause illness. More frequent colds in adults are a reason to think about the state of your own body, its protective forces ah and strengthening them.

A small child can catch viral infections quite often when entering kindergarten or high school; if he has not been to a preschool institution, he gets sick about 6 times a year, sometimes more, and this is considered the norm. With age, the number of colds decreases. This indicates strengthening of the immune system.

What is immunity?

The immune system has several lines of defense.

When an antigen penetrates, that is, cells hostile to the body, phagocytes begin to be intensively produced, which are able to capture and extinguish the activity of enemies of health.
The next line is humoral immunity. Special blood proteins (immunoglobulins) block the active molecules of the harmful virus.
Nonspecific immunity is the epidermis, a special structure of the mucous membranes. All this is designed to prevent hostile cells from entering deep into the body.
If it happened that the virus still got inside cell membrane, the protein interferon begins to be produced. It is at this moment that a person’s temperature rises.

Why does immunity decrease?

Constant colds are a sign that the body’s defenses have failed. Today this process occurs due to a number of factors:

Insufficient activity. The human body is designed for movement. A modern comfortable lifestyle, especially in the city, involves hours and days spent lying down and sitting position, labor automation. In such conditions.
Little time spent on fresh air. This is both a lack of oxygen and a lack of hardening, which negatively affects health.
Fatty, heavy, processed and refined foods that enter the body in abundance.
The stress associated with many activities, the urban rhythm of life.
Various kinds electromagnetic radiation, continuous noise, inability to sleep through the night in the dark (street advertising, street lights).
Alcohol, nicotine and others bad habits.
Recently, scientists have argued that the higher the sterility, the more a person uses antibacterial soap and wipes, and cleans up, the more often they get sick colds.
An imbalance of microflora in the intestines leads to a general weakening of the body.

How to determine the fact of decreased immunity?

Frequent colds - serious signal to take care of your health. However, there are other signs by which this problem can be identified.

Firstly, a person constantly feels tired and drowsy. Many people complain that when they get up in the morning, “it’s as if they never went to bed.” All the time there is a strong desire to lie down, close your eyes, and don’t want to do anything.

The second sign is disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs. This could be regular constipation or, conversely, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, bloating, heartburn.

Allergy is a powerful factor in reducing the body’s defenses and, at the same time, its consequence. This phenomenon is a malfunction of the immune system when it begins to work against itself.

You should pay attention to the condition of your hair, skin, and nails. Dryness, fragility, dull color - all this indicates disorders that can lead to such phenomena as frequent ARVI.

Skin rashes also indicate a malfunction of the immune system.

If any of the chronic pathologies, this also speaks of problems and weakness of the body.

Methods to strengthen the immune system

The fact that an adult often gets sick is an unpleasant and dangerous phenomenon. It is important to find the reasons that have weakened the body, begin to eliminate them, and most importantly, figure out how to increase immunity. There are a number natural ways strengthening it to protect the body, however, they require patience, consistency and a certain amount of self-discipline.

Changing the power system. As you know, a person is what he eats. You will catch colds less often if you eliminate junk food from your diet or at least reduce the amount of fatty, fried, processed and fast food. The most conducive to stopping getting sick is a plant-based diet. Vegetables and fruits are not only a storehouse of vitamins that help resist colds. It is also fiber, which improves intestinal function, microelements necessary for beautiful and healthy skin and hair.

Pay attention to inclusion in the menu complex carbohydrates. Very often people believe that there is no difference between porridge that is diluted with boiling water and the one that has to be boiled. This is wrong. Real grains, especially for breakfast, provide a supply of energy for a long time and provide the body with necessary substances and help increase its protection.

Acute respiratory diseases, including rhinitis, always begin with a disruption of the nasal mucosa. The goblet cells that cover its surface dry out due to central or stove heating during the cold period, so viruses penetrate into the body. What to do to avoid getting sick? It is important to protect your home from harmful microorganisms. Buy an air humidifier, don’t be lazy to hang wet sheets on the radiators, regularly ventilate your living space, and you need to create a draft once a day.
Why do people often get colds? Sometimes it’s enough to feel a little cold while standing at a bus stop or walking with a dog - and the disease is already right there. The point is the lack of hardening. Of course, such a procedure requires consistency and daily implementation, but the result is worth it. Hardening should begin with rubbing, then proceed to pouring cool water over the legs and arms, gradually increasing the area and lowering the temperature. Sleeping with the window open, at least in the next room, will play a big role.
People with high immunity do not neglect regular walks. It is not for nothing that parents and educators of young children kindergarten They try to take him outside every day. City dwellers are accustomed to thinking that the short period when they leave the room and get into the car is enough for them to walk, public transport, or vice versa. To boost your immunity, you need to be outside, try to do it every day. A physical activity, combined with a walk, will bring double benefits to your body.

Preventive measures

During the season of cold weather and illness, when a runny nose in an adult is common, you can help yourself with natural natural means. They are often much cheaper and more effective than store-bought vitamins.

Why does it hurt so many people? frequent runny nose? The point is overdrying the mucous membrane and disrupting the functioning of the villi, which do not allow viruses to enter. To restore their function, regularly moisturize your nasal passages by irrigating them with saline solution or sea salt sprays.

Drink plenty of pure raw still water. Its deficiency provokes a decline in immunity and weakness of the whole body. The norm for a healthy person who does not have kidney problems is from one and a half to two liters per day. This is approximately 8 glasses.

A good preventive measure would be the habit of adding a slice of lemon, a spoonful of honey or a little bit of water to the water in the morning. fresh ginger . This drink will be a real vitamin blow to viruses, and in addition, it will improve the functioning of the intestines and make the skin and hair more beautiful.

It is good to drink rosehip decoction, which will give the body a boost of vitamin C and the strength to fight diseases. You can brew the berries with boiling water in a thermos overnight and drink them instead of tea throughout the day.

Instead of synthetic vitamins It is worth using a mixture that is popularly called “Five Hares”. In a meat grinder or food processor, 200 grams of dried apricots are ground until smooth, walnuts, prunes, one whole lemon with peel and three tablespoons of honey. This aromatic and tasty medicine can be eaten one teaspoon per day by each family member. It is important not to overdo it because the mixture can cause allergic reaction and a considerable load on the heart muscle.

Don't forget about essential oils. If there are no infants in the house, and no one close to you has a reaction, get an aroma lamp or simply apply a few drops to home textiles - curtains, bed linen. It's good to use oil tea tree, eucalyptus or fir.

Replacing regular teas and coffee with herbal infusions and natural fruit drinks will strengthen the body's defenses, allowing it to resist various kinds acute respiratory diseases.

Without strong immunity, active full life. Only taking care of it and regularly strengthening it will allow you to do what you love, and not lie in bed many times a year. If we are talking about truly frequent colds in adults and their causes, then how to increase immunity is a question that definitely needs to be understood!

Cold is a collective name large group acute respiratory infections, manifested by catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and very diverse symptoms. If a person is in good enough health and good immunity, he gets sick extremely rarely. And an organism with a weakened immune system is a constant source of infection with infected microbes.

In this article we will look at how a cold occurs, what the first signs and symptoms are, as well as what treatment is most effective for adults.

What is a cold?

A cold is a viral infectious disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. Let us immediately note that the term is colloquial, while hidden under it infectious diseases– ARVI (), rarely – .

Infection occurs through airborne droplets or household contact, therefore, it is advisable to stay close to the infected person medical mask and disinfect all surfaces in the room daily.

According to WHO, an adult gets sick with colds three times a year, a schoolchild – about 4 times a year, and a preschooler – up to 6 times a year.

Five percent of those who catch a viral infection develop a cold, and only 75 percent experience symptoms. The same pathogen can cause only a slight headache in some people, while in others it can cause a severe runny nose and cough.

Causes

The common cold is a highly contagious infection that easily spreads between people through even minimum quantity pathogens that enter the integumentary membranes of the respiratory tract. This contagiousness is explained by the tropism (affinity) of the viral agent for the tissues of the human body.

Among the most common causes of colds are viruses - rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reoviruses, enteroviruses (), influenza and parainfluenza viruses.

To contract a cold or ARVI, two basic rules must be followed:

weakened immune system
entry into infection.

Weakening of the immune system can occur not only during hypothermia, but also in other situations:

Severe stress. Nervous shock and anxiety reduce the body's ability to defend itself, so they can lead to serious illness.
Constant overwork. Lack of sleep and excessive stress during work also reduce resistance.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Correct regular meals not only helps control weight, but also helps protect against colds.

Source of infection: more often it is a patient with cold symptoms, sometimes a carrier of a virus (adenovirus, etc.) or bacteria (pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc.). The maximum contagiousness is in the first days of the disease, however, the contagious period can begin 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and lasts 1.5-2, and sometimes more than weeks (for example, adenoviral infection).

By type of infection:

Viral infection It is transmitted only from person to person. That is, before the disease there must have been contact with a sick person.
Bacterial infection can be transmitted not only from person to person. Bacteria are everywhere around us. Sometimes even an acute respiratory disease is caused by those bacteria that have previously lived peacefully inside the body. But the immune system weakened as a result of hypothermia, and an ordinary bacterium caused the disease.

Incubation period of a cold(from infection to the mucous membrane until the first signs appear) is about 2 days.

First signs

A cold rarely begins suddenly with a high body temperature and weakness that knocks you down. Usually begins suddenly with a sore throat, followed by other symptoms:

Watery nasal discharge
Sneezing
Increased fatigue and weakness
Cough – dry or wet

Malaise increases gradually, temperature increases during the first day after the onset of cold symptoms. Muscle and joint pain may occur.

Cold symptoms in adults

So, common list The symptoms for any type of cold are:

General weakness, malaise;
Aches in muscles and joints;
Sore and sore throat, redness of the throat;
Cough;
Pain in the eyes, tearing;
Headache;
Increased body temperature up to 38.5°C;
Increased sweating, chills;
Lack of appetite;
Insomnia;
Increase lymph nodes.

During a cold, the functioning of the glands responsible for the separation of protective mucus, which is stored in several cavities of the skull, is disrupted. When the immune system begins to fight viruses, a lot of “waste” is formed - toxins that need to be washed out of the body. As a result, the amount of mucous secretions increases several times, but the glands cannot regulate them normally, so the fluid stagnates in the nasal sinuses.

This is why colds are characterized by both severe runny nose, with the help of which the body seeks to get rid of infection.

In the table, we will look in more detail at each of the symptoms.

	Symptoms
Temperature	Fever during a cold is one of the main signs of the disease. Depending on the size of the numbers, it is customary to distinguish: subfebrile values (37.1-38.0°C), febrile (38.1-39.0°C), pyretic (39.1-40.0°C) and hyperpyretic (above 40.0°C). The temperature reaction depends on the functioning of the human immune system. In one case, it may practically not rise, and in another, it may “jump” sharply already in the first hours of illness.
Intoxication	A symptom caused by exposure of organs and tissues to toxins of pathogens or their own substances produced to fight infection. Intoxication manifests itself in the form of: myalgia (muscle pain), dizziness, weaknesses, nausea, sleep disturbance.
Cough	A cough is rarely the first sign of a cold. Most often, it begins some time after the appearance of a runny nose, sore throat and fever.
A sore throat	Painful sensations can vary in intensity - from tolerable to very strong, making it difficult to swallow food and speak. Patients are also concerned about a sore throat and coughing.
Runny nose	Nasal congestion is not only the first, but also perhaps the main sign of a cold, by which it can be distinguished, for example, from. On the first day of disease progression, the secretion is clear and liquid. The discharge is profuse, quite often causing sneezing, as well as itching in the nose with redness of the eyes. If symptoms such as: Pain to the right and left of the nose, in the bridge of the nose; Nasal voice; Nasal congestion does not go away even after taking medications. This means that an ordinary runny nose has turned into a serious complication - sinusitis, etc. in this case, antibiotics must be prescribed.
Headache	It can be constant and intensify with increasing temperature. Excruciating headache is characteristic of exacerbation and is one of the typical symptoms.

On the second or third day, the symptoms begin to subside, and the patient begins to feel better. On the third day, the person with a cold begins to recover. For complete recovery from the moment of illness, it takes 5-7 days, depending on the degree, state of the immune system and the approach to treating the disease.

So, to summarize all of the above, reason to see a doctor if you have a cold should serve:

early childhood patient (up to 3 years, especially infants);
uncontrollable temperature above 38° for more than 3 days;
unbearable headache, throbbing local headache;
the appearance of a rash on the torso and limbs;
the appearance of a bacterial component of discharge (yellowish and greenish mucus from the nose, sputum, severe sore throat), barking cough;
the appearance of severe weakness and pain in chest when coughing;
elderly patients over 65 years of age;
persons with chronic bacterial foci (sinusitis and others);
people with concomitant diseases(oncology, hematological patients, liver, kidney pathology).

Complications

The cold is a disease in which complete recovery occurs in the vast majority of cases, but complications still occur. The most common is a lingering cold, which means symptoms persist after two weeks.

Possible complications of colds in adults:

Appearance severe pain in one or both ears, hearing loss, increased temperature indicates. Symptoms mean that the infection has spread from the nasal cavity to the ear cavity.
Inflammation paranasal sinuses nose (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) is another complication of a cold. In this case, the person experiences severe nasal congestion; the runny nose does not go away for a long time, but only worsens. The voice becomes nasal, pain appears at the location of the disease (in the forehead and bridge of the nose, on the left or right side nose).
A cough that worsens at night is typical as a consequence of a cold. At first it may be dry and rough, then it becomes moist and mucus begins to form. With bronchitis, in contrast to and, rough, whistling and buzzing dry wheezing appears, hard breathing, as well as large bubble moist rales.
Complications of a cold include inflammation of the lymph nodes - lymphadenitis. The lymph nodes in the neck are most often affected.

Diagnostics

If you have or only suspect the development of a cold, you should immediately seek advice from doctors such as a general practitioner. A doctor usually diagnoses a cold based on descriptions of symptoms and findings during a physical examination.

Laboratory tests are usually not performed unless there are concerns about another health condition, such as a bacterial disease or potential complications.

Treating a cold at home

Actually healthy body he himself is able to cope with the disease, so all the patient must do is help his body cope with the disease. It is necessary to ensure bed rest, excluding serious physical activity.

There are several rules that should not be broken when treating a cold:

Bed and semi-bed rest. This is necessary for the body to accumulate strength to fight infection, as well as to prevent a secondary infection from joining the person. Also this is preventive measure to prevent the spread of pathogenic microflora in places where the patient frequently stays;
If going to work is inevitable, then you should beware of increased physical activity, as this can negatively affect the activity of the heart and blood vessels;
Abundant warm drink – green or black tea, herbal infusions– promotes the removal of toxins from the body;
Balanced diet with an increase in the amount of vitamins, giving up alcohol, spicy, fatty, fried foods. The cooking method is also important - in order not to injure a sore throat, it is better to choose broths, soft foods of moderate temperature that will not irritate the mucous membrane;
You cannot lower the temperature if it has not reached 38 degrees. Although its increase is associated with chills and other unpleasant sensations, it is with its help that the body fights bacteria and viruses. During chills, the body produces interferon, a protein that effectively resists infection. The higher the temperature, the more of it, and the faster body cope with the disease;
In case of severe nasal congestion and cough It is important to position your head higher during the night, that is, sleep in a half-sitting position. With this position of the body, mucus from the nose and cough are much less annoying.

Medicines for treatment

On pharmacy shelves are antiviral drugs prescribed for colds:

Amizon;
Anaferon;
Arbidol;
Ingavirin;
Influcid;
Kagocel;
Oseltamivir;
Rimantadine;
Tamiflu.

We constantly monitor the temperature during a cold, if it does not rise above 38 and you feel normal, do not take antipyretic drugs, heat destroys viruses and microbes. It is necessary to resort to antipyretic medications to treat colds only in cases where the temperature is above 38°C

Common and effective means for lowering temperature are soluble paracetamol-based preparations:

Coldrex;
Theraflu;
Fervex;
Pharmacitron.

Nazol – a convenient spray, used 2-3 times a day;
Nazol Advance - convenient in the form of a spray, contains essential oils, applied 2 times a day;
Nazivin – convenient forms for adults, babies;
Tizin - drops containing essential oils, effective for viscous nasal discharge.
Lazolvan nasal spray (thin the nasal mucus).
Pinosol ( oil solution) drops and spray.

Reception feature vasoconstrictor drops into the nose: the course should not exceed 5-7 days, otherwise the drugs will stop working, and the nasal mucosa will atrophy.

Antihistamines are medications used to treat allergies. They have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, therefore they relieve signs of inflammation: swelling of the mucous membranes, nasal congestion. New generation drugs such as Semprex (Claritin), Zyrtec, Fenistil do not cause drowsiness.

Cough. For a severe dry cough, use: “Codelac”, “Sinekod”. To liquefy sputum - “Ascoril”, “ACC” (ACC). To remove phlegm from the respiratory tract - plantain syrup, "Tussin".

Antibiotics are used only when bacterial complications occur, in relation to viruses they are absolutely useless. Therefore, they are not prescribed during a cold.

The fact is that antibiotics suppress the immune system, destroy beneficial microflora intestines, so only a specialist can decide whether the expected benefit from the use of antibiotics exceeds the harm they cause.

Nasal rinsing for colds

Isotonic (saline) solution. The dosage should be 0.5-1 teaspoon per 200 ml boiled water. Salt prevents the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, thins mucus and promotes its removal.
Soda or iodine-soda solution. Prepared in a similar concentration. Soda creates an alkaline environment in the nasal cavity, unfavorable for the growth of colonies of pathogenic microorganisms.

Gargling

To gargle for a cold at home, you can use:

Saline, soda solutions;
Breast preparations prepared independently or purchased at a pharmacy;
Propolis tincture;
Gargle with hydrogen peroxide. It needs to be diluted by taking 2 teaspoons in 50 ml of warm water. You need to use the product 3-5 times a day until you feel relief.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for colds are almost always included in the treatment regimen respiratory diseases, thanks to its beneficial properties.

At the first symptoms, it is useful to prepare for treatment carrot juice and stir in the pulp of 3-5 cloves of garlic. Take the medicine half a glass 3-4 times a day an hour before meals for five days.
Foot baths. If the disease is accompanied by no fever, then mustard can be added to the water. To do this, add one tablespoon of dry powder per 7 liters. Place your feet in the water and hold until the water begins to cool. After this, dry them well and put woolen socks on your feet.
Mix 30 g sea buckthorn oil , 20 g fresh calendula juice, 15 g melted cocoa butter, 10 g honey, 5 g propolis. If you have a runny nose, soak a cotton swab in this mixture and insert it into your nose for 20 minutes.
Pour 1 teaspoon dry crushed dandelion roots with 1 cup of boiling water, leave in a sealed container in a boiling water bath for half an hour, cool, strain. Take in the same way as the infusion for a cold.
Viburnum berry is able to provide unique therapeutic effect. To obtain a positive effect, you can make a decoction from the product using a spoonful of berries in a glass of water. It is advisable to drink the resulting fruit drink warm and with honey.
For a runny nose, instill 3-5 drops of aloe into each nostril 4-5 times a day, tilting your head back and massaging the wings of the nose after instillation.
Relieve sore throat Linden flowers will help get rid of cough. Linden tea: two teaspoons of linden blossom per mug of water.

How to protect yourself from colds?

A cold is the result of a temporary decrease in immunity and contact with infection. Accordingly, prevention is aimed at preventing these risk factors.

What can you do to avoid catching a cold?

Avoid crowded places where the risk of infection is much higher.
If possible, stay away from people with colds.
Do not touch your nose or eyes after you have been in physical contact with a person who is sick.
Wash your hands thoroughly, especially when you have a runny nose.
Ventilate your room well.

If treatment for a cold is not started in time, there is a risk of complications, which over time can develop into chronic diseases. Therefore, take care of yourself, start helping your body at the first symptoms and generally monitor your health all year round.

Runny nose, scratchy throat, continuous sneezing - typical signs colds. But the causes of frequent colds in adults often remain shrouded in mystery. Why does the disease occur several times a year? The main factor is reduced immunity.

Immunity is the body’s ability to resist external and internal influences(diseases, various substances, stress). It is divided into congenital and acquired. As the names suggest, innate immunity is present during the development of the organism. Acquired develops throughout a person's life.

Why does the body weaken its protective functions?

Seasonal illness is an unpleasant thing, but it can be managed. But constant colds, which bring a person to the doctor several times a year, give rise to the feeling that the series of health problems will never end, that there are no medicines that would help. Frequent colds are a signal of a breakdown in the body’s defenses! The immune system is not working properly.

The most common global cause of a poor immune response is malnutrition, mainly due to developing countries, where there is insufficient consumption of essential nutrients interferes with the proper development and functioning of the immune system.

In our conditions the most common reasons- these are secondary immune disorders acquired during life. These disorders include, in particular, insufficient or incorrect treatment infections. Each current infection stimulates the immune system, activates it, creates effective protection and immune memory. This provides a quick response, more efficient and physically less demanding elimination of the pathogen when recurrent illness. This process may be adversely affected by untimely or unnecessary (for example, viral infections without bacterial signs) use of antibiotics.

Incorrect composition of food and a short time recovery after illness, necessary for the regeneration of damaged infections of the mucous membranes, other tissues, and the immune system. Insufficiently restored immunity becomes vulnerable. If it is attacked by another infection, this can gradually lead to exhaustion, weakening the ability to resist infections.

The next cause of secondary immune system disorder is unhealthy image life, lack of sleep, constant stress, bad habits and others " side effects» civilizations causing abnormal development and the functioning of the immune system, thereby reducing resistance to infections. Consequently, a person often suffers from colds and flu.

Less commonly, primary or congenital disorders are involved in a decrease in immunity, in most cases occurring in early childhood. Specialists are working on solving these problems. Treatment involves providing the body with the missing components of the immune system that the body cannot create on its own.

All of the above immune system disorders cause repeated or prolonged long-term infections and fatigue.

In most cases, infection occurs from another person, infected with a virus. This is usually observed when touching a surface on which germs are present (keyboard, door handle, spoons) and subsequent contact with the nose or mouth. Infection also occurs when being near a sick person who does not cover their mouth when sneezing.

The onset of a cold occurs when the virus settles on the mucous membrane of the nose or throat. The immune system – defense against microbes – sends white blood cells into battle with the “invader”. If a person has not previously encountered a completely identical strain of the virus, the initial fight fails and cold symptoms appear. The nose and throat become inflamed and produce a lot of mucus. Because of large quantity energy spent on fighting the virus, a person who has a cold gets tired and feels weak.

Important! Being hypothermic or wet does not necessarily mean you have a cold.

There are reasons why colds occur more often than once or twice a year. Factors that increase susceptibility to disease, other than decreased immunity, include:

increased tendency to get sick;
prolonged fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome);
emotional stress;
allergies, manifested by irritation in the throat and nasal cavity.

How to boost immunity?

The protective capacity of the immune system is determined to some extent by genetic dispositions. But it is also influenced by lifestyle, exposure external environment. Therefore, one should not neglect daily care for the integrity and functioning of the skin and mucous membranes, which are the first line of defense of the immune system, preventing the penetration of viruses or bacteria.

The main cause of the disease is not cold, but, first of all, a decrease in the resistance of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract to different types viruses and bacteria. Staying in the fresh air supports blood circulation in the mucous membranes and respiratory tract, which increases their resistance. Healthy share sunlight- This is also a good way to increase your defenses.

Mandatory factors: regular movement, physical activity, which significantly increases the number and activity of cells responsible for strong immunity. In the absence of movement, protection decreases. A person who is resistant to cold and sudden changes in weather is resistant to colds.

Hardening the body

Of course, you can’t swim in an ice hole in winter without any preparation, gritting your teeth! Correct hardening has its own principles. A good way to boost immunity, improve blood circulation, prepare the body for temperature changes, transitions from heated rooms to the street is cold and hot shower. A sauna has a positive effect on the body, removing harmful substances, burdening the immune system, preventing it from effectively fighting microbes.

Proper ventilation and heating of the room is also worth attention. The ideal temperature in the apartment is about 20ºС. Optimal temperature regime, suitable for sleep, is approximately 17-19ºС.

Important! Don't forget about humidifying the air!

A person should sleep about 6-8 hours a day. But not only the quantity of sleep is important, but, above all, its quality. At sound sleep the defense system works much less, which provides it with time to recover. Lack of sleep does the opposite - weakens the immune system and reduces productivity.

Healthy eating

A properly formulated diet is the basis for strong defense of the body. At long absence important minerals and vitamins, the ability of the immune system decreases, and susceptibility to infections increases.

Eat a varied diet, stay hydrated, consume fermented dairy products (they have a beneficial effect on the intestines, which is the center of immunity), pumpkin seeds (increased protection due to the high zinc content), brazil nuts(containing selenium), drink green tea.

Probiotics

Probiotics ( beneficial bacteria) are contained in fermented milk products, enriching the body with calcium and, unlike fresh milk, not burdening him. If you are intolerant to milk, try fermented vegetables - cabbage, carrots, radishes.

Most of the cells of the immune system are located in the intestinal mucosa. Probiotic bacteria have a beneficial effect on the condition intestinal microflora, inhibit the action unwanted organisms. Probiotics maintain optimal pH, promoting good health immune cells, therefore, strengthening the immune system.

Beta glucans are natural substances, supporting immunity, regenerating protective system body. Sources of beta-glucans: mushrooms, barley, oats, yeast.

Echinacea protects against infections, strengthens the immune system, and has a pronounced antibacterial effect, accelerating recovery from illnesses.

The nasturtium plant has a similar effect. Some herbalists even claim that it is more suitable for the organisms of Central European inhabitants.

A popular remedy for increasing defenses in Lately ginger has become (in particular, ginger tea). Healing root effectively prevents infections, warms the body, destroys bacteria, restores vitality, and alleviates feverish illnesses.

Vitamins

In addition to the above supportive measures, it is important not to forget about adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, especially in the winter months, when the risk of catching a cold is increased.

An adult's need for this vitamin is 75-100 mg/day. However, if the body is already infected, required amount increases up to 10 times. Adequate intake of vitamin C shortens the period of treatment for an ongoing infection.

A popular form of ascorbic acid is tablets, but it is better to give preference to fresh fruits and vegetables. Its main sources are considered to be citrus fruits, which is not entirely true. For example, sauerkraut will provide the body with the necessary amount of vitamin C, K, potassium, β-carotene, fiber, thiamine, folic acid. In addition, it contains virtually no calories. A good option is beets, which in addition to vitamin C contain magnesium, potassium and a natural red color that supplies energy.

Rich Sources:

rose hip;
sea buckthorn;
citrus fruits (lime, lemon, orange, grapefruit);
potato;
tomatoes;
pepper;
papaya;
broccoli;
black currant;
strawberry;
cauliflower;
spinach;
kiwi;
cranberry.

Vitamin A

Likewise ascorbic acid, vitamin A (carotene) also has a positive effect on the immune system and increases resistance to infections.

Important! Vitamin A can be overdosed, which manifests itself in headaches, bone pain, fatigue, double vision, drowsiness, and loss of appetite.

Sources of carotene:

fish fat;
liver;
carrot;
green and yellow leaves;
spinach;
cabbage;
parsley;
kohlrabi;
melon;
apricots;
broccoli;
corn;
pumpkin;
butter;
egg yolk;
in smaller quantities - milk;
fatty fish;
cherry, sweet cherry.

B-complex supports the proper functioning of the body as a whole. Natural springs include yeast, legumes, nuts, fish.

B1 (thiamine):

grain crops;
legumes;
potato;
cabbage;
cauliflower;
broccoli;
wheat sprouts;
Brewer's yeast;
meat (poultry, pork);
offal (liver, kidney, heart).

B2 (riboflavin):

milk;
eggs;
yeast;
legumes;
spinach;
cabbage;
broccoli;
nuts.

B3 (niacin):

meat;
milk;
eggs;
Brewer's yeast;
leafy vegetables.

B5 (pantothenic acid):

meat;
offal;
cereals;
legumes

B6 (pyridoxine):

pork;
fish;
liver;
eggs;
legumes;
whole wheat bread;
nuts;
carrot;
cabbage;
cauliflower.

B7 (biotin):

beef liver;
milk;
yolk;
rice (unpolished);
Brewer's yeast.

B9 (folic acid):

liver;
yeast;
leafy vegetables.

B12 (cobalamin):

lamb;
veal;
tuna;
milk;
cottage cheese;
yogurt;
eggs.

Are there vitamins B4 and B8? Substance B4, or adenine, does exist, but is not called a vitamin. It is important for human health, especially for healthy heart, proper development fetus during pregnancy. B8 is also not included in vitamins. However, this important antioxidant, acting as a prevention of cardiovascular and cancer diseases.

Vitamin D affects the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, due to which it participates in the formation of bone and dental tissue. Its importance to the immune system is represented by “weaponizing” cells to fight infection. Therefore, long-term vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to colds and flu.

Sources of vitamin D:

sunlight;
cod liver oil;
lard;
bacon;
salmon;
oysters;
sardines;
caviar;
shrimps;
egg yolks.

To improve immunity, first of all, it is necessary to adjust your lifestyle. Make changes to your diet, reduce stress, and get enough sleep. Don't forget about vitamins and minerals (vitamin C, zinc, selenium), probiotics. You need to start strengthening your defenses before the onset of the risky winter months and continue for a long time. Such measures will reduce the likelihood of sore throat, cough, runny nose, especially during dangerous periods.

Frequent colds can unsettle anyone. If a person is constantly sick, his life turns into continuous pills, drops and mustard plasters, and endless sick leaves do not add to him either the love of his superiors or, of course, any hopes for career growth. What could be the cause of frequent colds and how can you fight it?

People who suffer from 6 or more colds per year are considered to be often sick, and the cause of colds is almost always due to viral infection. Viruses are especially annoying to children; pediatricians are currently introducing such children into special group“Frequently ill children” and conduct special monitoring of them. As a rule, as children grow and mature, they get sick less and less often, but in adulthood healthy man Ideally, he should not get sick more than twice a year, and the causes of these diseases should lie in the plane of seasonal epidemics of influenza and ARVI.

Alas, unfortunately, few of us today can boast of such good health- according to statistics, the average Russian suffers from 3-4 colds per year, and residents of large cities, in particular Muscovites, get sick even more often. And above all, this is due to weakening of the immune system, which is facilitated by a number of factors.

What is immunity

Any invasion of foreign material (we call it an antigen) immediately causes the so-called. cellular immune response, expressed in the production of special phagocyte cells that capture and neutralize the antigen. But this is not the only line of defense. There is also humoral immunity, according to which the antigen is neutralized by special chemically active molecules - antibodies. These antibodies are special serum proteins called immunoglobulins.

The third strategy for protecting the body is the so-called nonspecific immunity. This is a barrier formed by our skin and, as well as the presence of special enzymes that destroy microorganisms in the fluids of the body. If the virus has penetrated the cell, this does not mean that it has won - in a person with strong immunity, in response to this, a special cellular protein, interferon, is produced, which is precisely accompanied by a high temperature.

As you can see, nature provides many opportunities to protect yourself from the aggression of viruses and bacteria. But it is no coincidence that we mentioned that our contemporary, and especially a resident of a metropolis, as a rule, cannot boast of a strong immune system. And there are reasons for this.

Why immunity decreases

The most global reason for decreased immunity is our notorious wrong image life.

Signs of decreased immunity

Of course, frequent colds
Exacerbation chronic diseases
Increased fatigue and weakness
Nervousness, aggressiveness,
Gastrointestinal disorders: flatulence, constipation, weak stools
Unsatisfactory skin condition: dryness, flaking, acne, inflammation, etc.

One or all of these signs together should lead you to accept preventive measures and help your immune system. There are numerous methods and ways to boost your body's immune defense. And they are all divided into physiological and pharmacological.

Physiological methods of boosting immunity.

should in mandatory keep animals and vegetable proteins(without them, cells of the immune system do not work well), and the entire spectrum of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamins C, A, E and B vitamins.

Proteins are found in meat, fish, eggs, legumes, and nuts. B vitamins are also found in meat and liver, raw yolks, dairy products, wholemeal bread and bran, seeds and nuts. In sprouted wheat grains, vegetable oil and avocado - a lot of vitamin E. Vitamin A is found in any brightly colored vegetables and fruits: carrots, tomatoes, apricots, pumpkin, paprika, and there is also a lot of it in butter, eggs, liver.

Found in citrus fruits, kiwi, sauerkraut, cranberries, rose hips. Sufficient quantity these vitamins are the key good condition cells of the immune system.

It is equally important to regularly drink fermented milk drinks to maintain intestinal microflora.

Daily routine and physical activity. The body needs at least 8 hours a day, a reasonable work schedule without overtime after midnight, sports are required (winter sports and swimming are especially good), long walks in any weather. The apartment should be ventilated often, and you should sleep with the window open.
Hardening. There are a lot of hardening methods. This and cool foot baths, and dousing with cool water, and walking barefoot on the grass. The most important thing is to start in the warm season, so that by the winter cold you can give up your favorite woolen scarf, which is so hot, but without it you are afraid of “catching a cold.”

Pharmacological methods of boosting immunity

Preventive intake 2-3 times a year of natural: eleutherococcus, golden root, ginseng, echinacea, aloe. According to the dosage indicated on the package, take these tinctures in the morning and evening. In the evening, brew lemon balm or motherwort to reduce the effect of stress on your immunity.
As a preventative measure, and especially during periods of massive seasonal epidemics, you can take homeopathic remedies to increase immunity, of which there are now enough.
2-3 times a year take a course (4-6 weeks) of probiotics (Linex, bifidumbacterin, etc.)
Question about the use of serious immunomodulators, such as bronchomunal, ribomunil, etc. Be sure to decide only with an immunologist!

It was draughty..., my feet were frozen..., I didn't dress well... I was too insulated... there were all kinds of microbes all around..., weak bronchi..., weak ears... You never know what other reasons. For a person who often suffers from colds, no matter how careful he is, there is always and everywhere a reason for another acute respiratory infection, bronchitis, otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. And so endlessly from month to month, from year to year, and, as it turns out, the vast majority of such unfortunate people are not helped either by hardening (and how to harden if you are always in a state of cold), or by various rinses, or by drinking special herbal mixtures, or by various measures to improve immunity. This is not an empty statement. At one time, when I was quite seriously ill and had many different complaints and diagnoses, I was constantly in a state of cold for about two years. In addition, I have many patients, especially children, who suffered from various colds 10-20 times a year and were convinced of the ineffectiveness or low and only temporary effectiveness of the usually proposed preventive measures on themselves. There is another group of unfortunates - they do not necessarily get colds often, but they take a long or very long time to get out of it, they all cough and blow their nose, sweat and never gain strength.

The generally accepted idea of low immunity or weakness of the mucous membranes as the cause of the problem in such cases is erroneous. This is confirmed by many of my patients - children and adults who got rid of frequent colds of various types.

Combining diagnostic methods from ancient and modern medicine- an integral approach, identifying many disorders in the body, not only equal to the disease, but also changes of a lesser degree, understanding the body as whole system- a systematic approach allows me to identify in each specific case the individual root cause of any ailment, including frequent colds. Many years of practice of an integral systems approach allowed me to establish that the main cause of frequent colds is allergy, that is, not reduced immunity, but increased reactivity of the body and, first of all, lymphoid tissue respiratory tract. I can say even more categorically - without chronic or allergic frequent rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, otitis simply do not exist. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that allergy does not necessarily have to manifest itself as hives, or intolerance to any product, or in some other obvious external way. Chronic edema the lymphoid apparatus of the mucous membrane with disruption of blood flow, lymph flow, metabolism, easy addition of infection is one of the variants of obvious allergy along with classic urticaria.

However, such a fundamentally important statement is only the first step towards effective treatment patients with this problem. Naturally, the question arises, what is the cause of allergies in each individual person? Those who have any obvious allergies naively say that the cause of their allergies is either pollen, or cold, or chocolate, or eggs, or strawberries, or washing powder... However, all this is never the cause of allergy - these are just provoking factors, and the reason is a dysfunction certain organs designed to provide an adequate response to various allergens. Those whose such organs function poorly (and are not necessarily clearly sick) suffer from increased allergies. The too frequent helplessness of doctors in cases of frequent colds is explained by the fact that in such cases there is either a struggle to increase immunity, or to strengthen “weak” mucous membranes, while the “culprit” organs remain outside of attention. Firstly, this happens because the person is not seen as one system, in which the mucous membranes and the immune system do not exist separately from all other organs and tissues, and secondly, because changes in the organs, even when they are thought about, are assessed from the point of view: are they sick or not sick, at that time how they may not be sick or healthy, that is, changes in them may have the nature of dysfunction. Unfortunately, such diagnostics are not really carried out in hospitals and clinics (as I have already said many times, we are not talking about healers at all, since not being professionals in the field of illness and health, they do not engage in any significant diagnostics at all) .

A systematic approach naturally implies that despite the priority contribution of allergies to frequent colds, a certain role also belongs to other disorders in the body that negatively affect metabolism, blood circulation, detoxification, and regulation.

So what is the cause of allergy itself? The fact is that despite typological disorders in the body of all such people, the cause is always not only complex, but also individual. This is where one of the fundamental methodological principles of medicine comes into force: treatment must be preceded by individual diagnosis in direct contact with the patient. It is in this case that both the main link and all the accompanying or aggravating moments in a given patient can be established.

I would like to note that I could describe here in sufficient detail the key typological causes of allergies and frequent colds, however, this would be too much for a popular publication complex description, and besides this is my know-how. In medicine know-how exists not only and not so much as a commercial category, but as a way to avoid discrediting a method or approach through incorrect or dishonest use. The effectiveness of a method or approach can only be assessed when it is used by the author or his students approved by him.

Despite the above, I will nevertheless give in this article recommendations for combating various frequent colds. I have no doubt that if they are carried out carefully, many will achieve remarkable results, although maximum effectiveness is possible only after direct work with the patient.

So, the first thing that needs to be observed is limiting obvious allergens. Here we mean not only what causes you an obvious allergy, but also what increases the general allergic background in all people: chocolate, citrus fruits, white sugar, a lot of fish, a lot of eggs, a lot of white chicken meat, strawberries, lots of honey.

Next, alternate between days taking either before bedtime or 1 teaspoon castor oil, either 1-2 tablets of allochol, or 2-3 tablets activated carbon(for children, respectively, 1 coffee spoon of oil, 1 tablet of allochol, 1-2 tablets of activated carbon).

Apply every day after lunch or dinner warm heating pad on the liver area for 10-20 minutes (right costal arch area).

Massage the back of the head and neck with your hands or a soft massage brush 1-2 times daily, as well as massage the upper back (above the waist) with your hands or any massager or towel. In the evening, apply a warm heating pad to the upper back for 10-20 minutes. Take a warm bath with thyme 1-2 times a week. For a bath, you can use a decoction (a handful), or essential oil thyme (3 - 5 drops), or you can simply rinse after washing with a decoction of thyme from a jug. Children should take 2-3 drops of oil for their bath, depending on their age.

Regularly perform a special acupressure massage - acupressure. Acupressure, prescribed by me based on diagnostic results, is very effective, but you can use what is recommended in various manuals for colds. There are two principles here: the points should be massaged until it hurts from 20 seconds to 1.5 minutes, and the more often the better, that is, you can do it up to twice daily. However, a good effect will also be achieved if you perform acupressure at least 3-4 times a week. With small children, acupressure can be difficult to achieve, but you should still do it as best you can. Naturally, small ones should not massage the points too much.

Practice regularly special exercises from hatha yoga - asanas, primarily inverted asanas and snake and grasshopper poses. There are also two principles here: frequency - the more often the better, but at least 3-4 times a week is not bad; and the second principle is non-violence, that is, perform asanas in such a way that there are no unpleasant or pain. Even if at first you perform the asanas clumsily and for a very short time, or even just imitate them. For young children, it is advisable to turn classes into a game, and since they are unlikely to be able to do everything correctly, at least imitate the asanas.

Finally, regularly practice contrast procedures (showers, douches, rubdowns). Here essential principles: non-violence and the more often the better, although two to four times a week is sufficient. Don’t perform heroic feats; you don’t have to douse yourself for a long time, many times, with very cold water. You can do two or three contrasting dousing cool or even slightly cool and hot water. The point here is not in hardening, in the sense as it is usually understood, but in training those complex mechanisms, which, among other things, participate in the formation adequate reactions to exposure to allergens.

And so, you received a clear, simple and harmless program for working on your problem. Of course, after direct diagnosis, this program would be more accurate individually and somewhat more extensive (I cannot give some recommendations without direct diagnosis). However, the above will be enough for many of you to be able to radically solve your problem, since these recommendations, no matter how simple and far from the respiratory tract they may seem, nevertheless affect the key, causal mechanisms of the formation of frequent colds.

I will add that at the same time they can be useful homeopathic treatment, any physical exercise, regular consumption of restorative herbal teas.

Finally the last one important note. Be patient! Although most of my patients like this show good results fairly quickly, it may take a little longer with correspondence treatment. Be punctual and patient, and your colds will become easier and easier, and come less and less often.