Restoration of microflora. What bacteria form the intestinal flora? Preparations for the normalization of intestinal microflora with constipation
In the human stomach, there is a truly unique microflora that contributes to normal digestion and protection from infection.
The organ is covered from the inside with a mucous membrane, the main task of which is the production of mucus and food bacteria. The main purpose of the produced mucus is to protect the body from the harmful effects of enzymes and acids, and to help improve the digestive processes. When there is a direct violation of the epithelial structure, a modification of the microflora occurs, in such cases the epithelium loses its functional purpose with the following consequences.
What is the microflora of the stomach
Microflora is formed from a combination of special microorganisms, awarded with special functionality, which depend on their location. Each organ has its own specific microflora (except Bladder and uterus). Truly unique is the gastrointestinal microflora. Since these organs are most often in contact with external environment through the food you eat.
Experts note that more than 500 bacteria with a combined weight of about 1.5 kg live in the gastrointestinal tract. Tellingly, about 400 varieties are absorbed by the mucus of the gastrointestinal tract, among which there are aerobic and anaerobic. Each section of the digestive tract has conditioned species of bacteria. Directly in the stomach there are particles of the microflora of the oral cavity and saliva.
The disorder of the microflora adversely affects the process of splitting nutrients, which provokes a violation of the digestive processes. In such cases, the direct digestion of incoming food is replaced by the processes of fermentation and decay. As a result of such processes, toxins begin to be released, which contribute to irritation of the mucous membrane and provoke the occurrence of peptic ulcers. Violation of the processes of assimilation of nutrients adversely affect the metabolism, provoking the occurrence of beriberi and anemia. And this contributes to a direct weakening immune functions organism.
The structure and number of bacteria in the stomach flora in a healthy person can vary in relation to the acidity value. The general indicator is set by the direct degree of pH, which is normally equal to 4th. On an empty stomach, the acidity level can be 2. Direct deviations can be manifested by the presence of the following symptoms:
- Chair disorder. As a rule, such breakdowns are formed against the background of weak absorption of liquid. Sometimes diarrhea can be replaced by constipation, which can occur against the background of the disorder. contractile function intestinal membranes.
- Gas formation. In normal situations, a significant proportion of gases is absorbed by the intestinal membranes, and a small part is already experienced by a person. If a deviation occurs, this process is upset, as a result of which a concentration of gases with flatulence is observed.
- Nausea, vomiting, burning.
- Body poisoning.
- Changes in the microflora can provoke allergic reactions.
A healthy, properly balanced enzyme environment is essential for the natural functioning of the stomach and intestines. According to experts, if the patient has a low level of acidity, then in this case it does not allow to completely destroy and reduce the initiative of harmful microbes in the stomach. Therefore, bacteria that can enter the body along with food have the opportunity not only to survive, but also to multiply safely. But increased acidity, on the contrary, interferes with the natural functionality of healthy bacteria.
In addition to deficiency or surplus of hydrochloric acid to the balance of healthy and harmful microorganisms in the stomach can affect:
- Pills antibacterial action. Their excessive consumption contributes to the destruction of the entire microflora.
- Infectious disease and helminthic lesions.
- Irregular food intake.
- Stressful situations that contribute to the formation of compression and anemia of the gastric muscular system.
Direct restoration of the microflora of the stomach must begin with the determination of the true grounds that provoked the process of violation. In most cases, the basis for the formation of such disorders in the body is the level of acidity. gastric juice. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the degree of pH, and, if necessary, bring it back to normal.
Depending on the level of acidity, the patient is prescribed appropriate medications. In addition to funds aimed at normalizing acidity, the patient is advised to follow a diet. The combination of these methods contributes quick recovery microflora.
Recovery after antibiotic therapy
Antibiotics are a universal remedy that can save a person from most ailments. . But it should be borne in mind that after taking this kind of medication, it contributes to malfunctions in the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. This is due to the fact that the process of formation of the prostaglandin system arising from arachidonic acids is disrupted. These substances have a beneficial effect not only on the stomach, but also on the intestines.
Prostaglandins contribute to the formation of mucopolysaccharides responsible for the production of mucus. The mucous wall, in turn, is the main protective component, because it protects the lining of the stomach and intestines from the harmful effects of hydrochloric acid. Moreover, prostaglandins contribute to the normalization of acidity in the body. It should also be noted that they prevent excessive growth and multiplication of harmful bacteria. When patients take antibiotics, the enveloping protective part is exposed to a sharp and intense detrimental effect.
After undergoing such therapy, the body requires rehabilitation. Regardless of the direction of treatment, the rehabilitation course for the restoration of microflora should include:
- Purpose of medications-analogues of prostaglandins.
- The use of drugs that promote the healing process of the injured mucosa.
- Carrying out tests for lowering the infection of the body with the Helicobacter bacterium.
Preparations for the restoration of microflora
| Medication: | Properties: |
|---|---|
| Probiotics: | According to expert opinions, the best option restoration of microflora is the introduction of "good" microorganisms into the stomach by taking live cultures in the form of probiotics. The most popular are the following drugs:
Bifidumbacteria. This tool is resistant to antibiotics, therefore, they can be taken in combination. |
| Lactobacillus: | The structure of the active formula contains active lactobacilli, awarded with immunomodulatory characteristics. These bacteria have the ability to create a protective layer and suppress pathogenic microflora. Such funds can be one - and multi-component, which are published in the form of pills, powders and candles. This group of medications can be taken in conjunction with antibiotics. |
| Bifidobacteria: | The benefit of these bacteria for the gastric flora is overwhelming. Bactericides have antibacterial characteristics, therefore, this group drugs prevent penetration into the body pathogenic bacteria. |
It should also be noted that in order to restore the gastric microflora, therapy should be complex. Therefore, in addition to taking drugs, the patient must follow a diet. As a rule, the duration of diet therapy is at least 3 months. From the diet should be eliminated products that can contribute to the active reproduction of pathogenic microflora. These products include;
- Bakery products.
- Sugar, sweets, dairy products.
- Potatoes.
- Sour milk.
- Curd, onion.
- Garlic.
To help restore the body after antibiotic use, the diet should also include:
- Fresh vegetables and fruits.
- Greenery.
- Sauerkraut.
Recovery from gastritis
If the cause of destabilization of the microflora of the stomach is the thinning of the shell of the organ due to the formation and progression of atrophic gastritis, then in this case failures occur in such functions:
- Protection from injury.
- acid production.
- Slime formation.
- Decreased motor function.
For the immediate resumption of functionality and microflora, treatment with prostaglandins and substitutes is necessary. digestive juice. This kind of means allow you to keep the ideal concentration of acid in the stomach as much as possible. But with this group of drugs, it is important not to overdo it, since an overdose of them adversely affects the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract and causes the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative ailments.
Methods of non-traditional therapy
Alternative medicines can also help restore the mucous and microflora of the stomach. But such methods should not be used as the main treatment, since this will not give the desired result, but can only aggravate the patient's condition. Popular recipes are:
- A decoction of flaxseed.
- Potato.
- Infusion of parsley root, cabbage juice and plantain. But it should be borne in mind that such a remedy is recommended for patients with a reduced level of acidity.
The folk remedy made from flaxseed and zirconium has proven itself excellently. Kissel is made from this medicinal component. Such a medicine not only has regenerative and enveloping characteristics, but also has a regulatory effect on metabolic processes. To prepare a medicinal jelly you will need:
- tsp zirconium.
- 3 art. l. flax
- 1 liter of water.
Flax seeds must be poured with hot water and beat for 10 minutes with a mixer and the gradual addition of zirconium. It is necessary to take the medicine before the start of the meal 30 minutes. It should be understood that in order to achieve the desired result regarding the restoration of the microflora of the stomach and intestines, it is necessary to use all the recommended methods in combination. To avoid negative consequences all manipulations regarding treatment must be coordinated with a specialist.
In the human intestine there is a great variety of different bacteria and microorganisms, both beneficial and pathogenic. The largest number composed of bifidobacteria. There is a kind of balance in the numerical ratio of all intestinal bacteria, this is called microflora. When this balance is disturbed, dysbacteriosis occurs. Positive microorganisms simply do not cope with their work, do not have time to produce enough nutrients.
To restore the disturbed balance, there is a large number of preparations for the restoration of intestinal microflora, which can be divided into three groups:
- Probiotics containing live cultures of microorganisms (Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Acepol, etc.)
- - drugs that enhance the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. These include Duphalac, Lactusan and Normaze, which contain lactulose.
- Synbiotics are a complex of living bacteria and substances that enhance their growth. Among the most famous Biovestin are lacto, Bifido-bak, Maltidofilus.
Probiotics, in turn, can also be divided into several subspecies. Preparations containing only one strain of bacteria include Lactobacterin, and others. If the preparation contains several strains of bacteria, it is called multicomponent. The most famous among the multicomponent drugs is Linex. Probiotics containing live bacteria are Probifor, Bifidumbacterin forte.
Probiotics are generally safe and do not produce any side effects. They can not always be replaced with folk remedies, it is better to take them together or use traditional medicine to consolidate the results. However, it is important to remember that not all advertising is true, before buying this or that drug for dysbacteriosis, you need to consult a doctor, and also choose medicines only well-known manufacturers and approved pharmacies.
Preparations for dysbacteriosis for children
Dysbacteriosis in a child occurs most often against the background of taking antibiotics that destroy the natural intestinal microflora. Often, after a course of antibiotics, mothers observe in their children a poor appetite, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, reduced immunity, as well as various allergic reactions due to increased intestinal permeability, a rash.
Babies can do without special drugs. IN Lately pediatricians tend to think that mom's breast milk – the best medicine. Therefore, mothers are advised to give up complementary foods for a while and breastfeed only.
Let us consider in more detail what drugs can be given to children and at what age:
- Linex. It's biologically active additive to food, has a special dosage for children, is available in the form of packaged powder. It is believed that this drug can be given from birth, observing a certain dosage. You can take it up to a month, on the recommendation of your doctor.
- Primadophilus. This is a dietary supplement used to restore the intestinal microflora in both children and adults. For children, this supplement comes in powder form. It can be added to breast milk, formula, drink, and taken with food. It should only be stored in the refrigerator.
- Khilak forte. This drug is available in drops. It can be used from the first days of life. Babies are given from 15 to 30 drops at a time. However, it should not be given with milk or dairy products.
- Acipol is allowed to be taken by children from 3 months, 1 capsule 2-3 times a day. Of course, infants will not be able to swallow the capsule, so you need to carefully open it and pour the powder into the liquid.
- Normobact. Available in powder form. Infants give half a sachet per day, dividing the dose into several times. Powder can be added liquid, but not hot. The course of taking the drug is no more than 15 days.
- Bifidumbacterin. The drug in the form of a powder is dissolved in a small amount of liquid and drunk without waiting for complete dissolution. Newborns can add it to milk or formula. It is advisable to take Bifidumbacterin with meals.
Preparations that restore the intestinal microflora during pregnancy
Dysbacteriosis during pregnancy causes a lot of problems for both the mother and the unborn baby, whose body is inextricably linked with the mother. During dysbacteriosis, not all useful material and vitamins are absorbed in the intestines, which is bad for the health of the child. Therefore, when signs of this unpleasant disease the doctor observing the pregnancy prescribes a treatment that should not be interrupted.
Of course, first of all, the doctor corrects the diet of the pregnant woman, and then prescribes drugs that restore the intestinal microflora without harm to the child. Under the supervision of a doctor, you can take probiotics such as Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin. The dosage is regulated by the doctor. Each case is unique in its own way. Some doctors consider Linex useless and do not prescribe it during pregnancy. However, there are also cases of significant improvement after taking this drug. Since it contains lactose, it should be used with caution if you are intolerant to dairy products.
It is worth remembering that a disease such as dysbacteriosis occurs gradually, so treatment must begin with the appearance of the first signs.
Some drugs that are allowed during pregnancy are available in the form of suppositories, for example, Bifidumbacterin. They can be inserted both into the vagina and into the rectum. In some cases, a pregnant woman is prescribed a short course of Acipol (no more than a week). Lacobacterin is also available in the form of suppositories and has no contraindications during pregnancy. In powder, the drug should be taken with food, washed down with milk.
Restoration of intestinal microflora with folk remedies
Linex is one of the most popular drugs
There are a number of effective folk remedies helping to restore the intestinal microflora. However, you should still consult your doctor before taking it. First of all, this applies to pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children.
- For herbs that have antimicrobial action, include chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, eucalyptus. You can drink decoctions of herbs or fruit drinks from raspberries, strawberries.
- If dysbacteriosis is expressed by constipation, senna, aloe and other herbs that enhance intestinal motility will help. However, these herbs are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they cause contraction of the uterine walls and may cause miscarriage. When taking senna, there is such a side effect as abdominal pain.
- oak bark will help, a decoction of pomegranate peels, hemorrhagic. All of the aforementioned means are effective.
- Natural honey also has an antimicrobial effect. In addition, it gently and painlessly enhances intestinal motility, and also normalizes digestion.
- With dysbacteriosis, fresh garlic is useful. It is advisable to swallow a clove of garlic whole, without chewing.
- For best effect you can drink garlic with a fermented milk liquid product.
- With dysbacteriosis, it is not recommended to drink water during a meal, so as not to dilute the gastric juice, from which the food is digested longer and worse.
- It is necessary to exclude homemade pickles and smoked meats from the diet.
- It is useful to periodically clean the intestines from toxins, this will help to avoid dysbacteriosis. To do this, use a specially prepared Antonov apple puree, which is eaten for several days. Other products at this time should be excluded.
- You can include a healthy breakfast in your diet. In the evening, mix oatmeal flakes, kefir or natural yogurt without additives and fruits or dried fruits. Put everything in a plastic jar, tightly close the lid, refrigerate overnight.
No matter how safe drugs for dysbacteriosis are recognized, any self-medication is strictly prohibited. Opinions on usefulness
Probiotics are a broad group of drugs whose action is aimed at restoring the intestines and the entire digestive system. A feature of the composition of these medicines is the presence of live bacteria stamps in them. These organisms do not cause any harm to the digestive tract, as they are completely natural for it and form part of a healthy intestinal microflora. Probiotics have a positive effect not only on digestion and the functioning of the intestinal sections, they also provoke the production of vitamins, folic acid, biotin and improve their absorption.
After getting into digestive system live bacteria provide only positive influence on the intestines and adjacent departments:
- are able to restore a particularly delicate and sensitive microflora of the intestinal mucosa after taking aggressive medications, including an antibacterial series;
- activate the production of vitamin and mineral elements;
- activate the production of digestive elements that contribute to the correct and rapid processing of food and its subsequent removal from the body;
- additionally lower the level of bad cholesterol;
- probiotics relieve the inflammatory process, remove allergens and other harmful enzymes from tissues and organs;
- quickly lower the level of acidity in the colon to normal levels;
- provoke the process of regeneration of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, and not just one intestine;
- significantly increase immunity, allow you to quickly get rid of signs of a cold, poisoning and other serious conditions.
Attention! It is useful to drink probiotics in courses even in the absence of obvious problems with the intestines, but with periodic malfunctions in its work or after a period malnutrition. The strains used will improve the stool, insure against insufficiency or excess of the function of intestinal motility.
Types of probiotics and their features
| Generation | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | The base of the drug is one bacterium, which is supplemented by other less numerous components. |
| 2 | This group of prebiotics includes yeast-like fungi and spore-type bacilli, they belong to the class of antagonists |
| 3 | Multi-component preparations with several stamps of beneficial bacteria and additional mineral and vitamin supplements |
| 4 | Medicines belong to the class of synbiotics, consist of several bacterial stamps and special components that help them multiply faster and populate the damaged mucosa |
Attention! Today, experts also recommend focusing not only on the generation of probiotics, but also on the release form. Previously, powders were considered the most effective and liquid forms medicines in this group. But today it is easier to take enteric capsules and tablets. They begin to act immediately after entering the digestive system, they are easy to measure required dose, A positive result differs in duration.
Bifidumbacterin to restore the intestines
Quite often prescribed for the treatment of patients of any age, it belongs to the very first probiotics. Subject to preference, you can purchase medication in the form of capsules, tablets, granules for preparing a solution, as well as rectal and vaginal suppositories. The composition of the probiotic includes one active strain of bifidobacteria. It is recommended for use in case of severe disorders of the intestines, when the digestive system is exposed to viruses, harmful bacteria and the development of local and extensive inflammatory processes in the large and small intestines.
The dosage of the probiotic is calculated for each patient strictly according to indications, taking into account age, weight and the presence of other concomitant health problems. An adult patient is recommended to take 15 doses of Bifidumbacterin, which should be divided into several doses. It is recommended to drink the drug 20-40 minutes before meals. After dilution, the powder should be taken immediately, as it quickly loses its effectiveness.
Attention! When taking, it should be borne in mind that all forms of the drug, except for the powder, contain one dose of the probiotic. One sachet of powder contains 5 doses at once active component. IN rare cases Bifidumbacterin provoked minor allergic reactions.
Acipol against dysbacteriosis and other intestinal problems
This medicinal product refers to symbiotics, which are the third generation of multicomponent probiotics. A feature of Acipol is its ability to create such unsuitable conditions for pathogens that they begin to die or move through the intestines, leaving the body. naturally. As a result, the microflora heals literally from the first day. Motility and intestinal motility return to normal, diarrhea stops.
Acipol is used when it is necessary to eliminate the symptoms of colitis, enterocolitis, allergic reactions from the intestines, as well as intoxication and viral attacks. The remedy is taken in the form of capsules, which cannot be divided and must be washed down with clean water. The exception is small children, for whom you can open the dose and get its contents. The dosage of the drug is 1 capsule three times a day for 2-4 weeks. Reception is prohibited until the age of three months. In some cases, Acipol provoked allergic reactions in the form of an additional disorder of the digestive system.
Attention! Additionally, when taking Acipol, metabolic processes in the body are significantly activated, inflammatory processes throughout the digestive system.
Bifiform for intestinal recovery
This probiotic belongs to the third class, among the main components are bifidobacteria and enterococci. The children's variety of Bifiform is additionally enriched with B vitamins, which has a beneficial effect on the work of the heart muscle and the whole organism. Beneficial organisms quickly restore the work of the digestive tract, completely suppressing the possibility of further reproduction of bacteria.
Bifiform is produced in several forms. Adult patients can purchase capsules and tablets, while for children, an oil solution, solution granules, and small orange or berry flavored tablets are available.
Bifiform is used for preventive measures, for the treatment of dysbacteriosis, diarrhea, constipation and severe bloating. Additionally as combination therapy this drug can be used to relieve seizures ulcer exacerbation, gastritis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
There are no obvious contraindications to the drug, with the exception of excessive sensitivity to components, including additive ones. The dosage and course of treatment can only be selected by the attending specialist, taking into account the severity of symptoms and other associated complications.
Attention! Since the drug intended for children contains B vitamins, you should make sure that the patient does not develop unwanted effect due to hypervitaminosis.
Video - How Probiotics Work
Maxilak against dysbacteriosis and disorders in the intestines
A drug with a combined spectrum of effects, which has a powerful positive impact to all body systems. The composition of the synbiotic includes beneficial strains of bacteria, as well as substances that help beneficial organisms quickly replace the pathogenic intestinal microflora.
basis dosage form There are four types of beneficial bacteria at once. These include lactobacilli, lactococci, bifidobacteria and a probiotic component. Maxilac should also be taken at the time of appointment. antibacterial agents or to restore parts of the digestive tract after other medications. The drug is released in the form of capsules for oral use.
The recommended dosage of the drug is one dose immediately after dinner. The duration of therapy is usually four weeks, but in some cases it can be reduced or extended by another 14 days. Maxilak's intake is recommended only from the age of 14 due to the special combined form.
Attention! If there is an urgent need to treat children under the recommended age with this drug, you should first consult with a pediatrician. May cause allergic reactions and additional problems with the digestive system.
Probifor against intestinal disorders and normalization of microflora
This medicinal product is powerful tool in the fight against food poisoning and serious intestinal infections. It includes a multiple complex of beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli, bifidumbacteria, spore bacilli and others. All this allows you to defeat the violation without the use of antibacterial drugs.
Probifor is a powerful tool in the fight against food poisoning and serious intestinal infections.
Despite such a rapid and rather aggressive impact on pathogenic microorganisms, Probifor only in exceptional cases caused negative symptoms as allergic reaction. It can be used to treat small and premature babies. Already on the first day, the drug relieves the symptoms of intoxication, stops diarrhea, and normalizes the digestion process.
For cupping acute syndrome in adult patients, a scheme is used that involves taking 2 capsules of the drug three times a day for 5 days. At chronic disorders or pathologies functional type treatment involves 2-3 capsules of Probifor three times a day. The duration of therapy is 15 days.
Attention! At acute attacks diarrhea adult patients may benefit from a more aggressive treatment regimen. It involves taking six capsules of Probifor at a time daily for three days.
Enterogermina for bowel problems
The drug is available in the form of capsules. chief active substance probiotics are spore bacilli that provide the necessary fast therapeutic effect. The drug is used to treat patients with damaged intestinal microflora, which eventually provoked severe dysbacteriosis and beriberi against the background of the underlying disease.
There are no pronounced contraindications to the use of Enterogermina, with the exception of cases of intolerance active substance And auxiliary components. Can be used during pregnancy and childhood. Adult dosage Enterogermina is 2-3 capsules of medication per day. Depending on the severity of symptoms and the presence of other diseases and chronic pathologies Your doctor may choose a different regimen for taking the probiotic. The duration of therapy is determined for each patient individually.
Attention! Enterogermina has proven itself in the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis and disorders of the intestinal microflora during the use of antibacterial agents. The only condition for a normal therapeutic result in this case is a mandatory break between doses of 1-2 hours.
Yogulact in the treatment of pathogenic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract
Safe, but very effective and fast-acting medicine. It allows you to restore the microflora of the damaged mucosa in case of intestinal disorders due to malnutrition, a large load on the gastrointestinal tract, during stressful shocks, taking medications and exposure to food allergies.
Yogulact is a synbiotic, making it one of the most potent probiotics that can also be taken during pregnancy today. You can take the drug from the age of three months. In childhood, only the pediatrician selects the dose and the exact scope of the course of therapy. From the age of 14, Yogulact is taken in adult doses, which are 1-2 capsules of the active substance up to three times a day. You can take a probiotic for up to 8 weeks in a row.
Attention! The special composition of Yogulact has a positive effect on the respiratory system and skin. It protects against the development or formation of asthma attacks, skin irritation, including atopic dermatitis.
Rioflora for intestinal protection
This drug was created specifically to prevent the settlement of pathogenic bacteria in the microflora of the intestinal tract due to the effects of antibiotics. If the first symptoms of dysbacteriosis have already been noted, RioFlor will quickly stop the process of mucosal damage, populating it with useful organisms.
The composition of the probiotic includes several types of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which provide a stable and safe result. The drug should be taken strictly from the age of three, adhering to the recommended treatment regimen. It involves taking two capsules of the drug in the morning and evening time. It is advisable to take medication for empty stomach, in the evening this should be done 2-3 hours after dinner.
Attention! If it is not possible to swallow the entire capsule whole, it may be dissolved in warm milk, yogurt or water first. The liquid must not be hot. But to similar methods should only be used in extreme cases.
Baktisubtil for healing the intestinal mucosa
The drug is released in the form of enteric capsules. chief active component medicines are spore bacilli and a small vitamin complex. Such a thoughtful combination makes it possible to increase the overall resistance of the body to the pathogen and remove not only the symptoms intestinal disorder but also weakness and headache. This is possible due to the absorbent function of Bactisubtil, in which there is rapid decline symptoms of intoxication.
Taking into account the severity of symptoms, Baktisubtil is taken at a dosage of 4-8 capsules of the active substance during the day. The recommended course of therapy is 7-10 days. The probiotic can be used in childhood, but the amount of active substance should be chosen by the attending physician.
Attention! Baktisubtil is strictly forbidden to drink hot or warm liquid. To obtain the desired result and prevent the destruction of spore bacilli, the probiotic should be taken one hour before meals, washing down the capsule only with cool water.
If you or your loved ones show signs of dysbacteriosis, you should identify exact reason disorders and, if necessary, undergo treatment with probiotics. They are among the safest medicines with a minimal possibility of side effects. At the same time, there is a significant increase protective functions body, the general resistance of the body increases, the signs of the disorder completely disappear. If necessary, probiotics are taken in a long course and can be easily combined with other drugs.
Zatsepilova Tamara Anatolievna
Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MMA named after THEM. Sechenov
Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the mobile balance of microflora, which normally inhabits non-sterile cavities and skin person.
With dysbacteriosis, the normal microflora does not suppress the activity of pathogenic and putrefactive microorganisms; the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients, intestinal motility are disturbed; the synthesis of vitamins worsens; immunity decreases. The causes of dysbacteriosis are varied: a violation of the diet, long-term use of drugs (antimicrobial, etc.), radiation and chemotherapy, the ingestion of toxins from environment(lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.), stress conditions, intestinal infections, surgical interventions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. The imbalance of the microflora that has arisen in the oral cavity, intestines, genital and urinary organs, on the skin are manifested by the corresponding symptoms. On the contrary, dysbacteriosis leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, urogenital tract, allergic diseases increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms.
To restore normal microbioceosis, preparations containing live cultures of microorganisms and various substances, contributing to the selective stimulation of the growth of beneficial microorganisms.
Indications for the use of drugs that restore normal microflora are diseases and conditions caused by dysbacteriosis or, on the contrary, leading to dysbacteriosis: gastrointestinal diseases (diarrhea, constipation, colitis, enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum), respiratory organs, urogenital tract, allergic diseases, long-term use of antibacterial agents, hormones, NSAIDs, acute intestinal infections, food poisoning, malabsorption syndrome, correction of microbiocenosis and prevention of purulent-septic diseases before and after operations on the intestines, liver, pancreas, etc.
PROBIOTICS (EUBIOTICS)
Preparations containing cultures of live microorganisms. Probiotics restore normal microbiocenosis. Being in the intestine, they multiply, inhibit pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and create favorable conditions for development normal microflora.
In the presence of probiotics, antibodies (IgA) are induced and the phagocytic function of leukocytes is activated. The microorganisms that make up probiotics are not pathogenic, non-toxic, and remain viable when passing through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of microorganisms included in probiotic preparations is diverse and therefore they can be conditionally divided into several groups.
1. Monocomponent preparations:
Preparations containing a strain of one type of bacteria.
Colibacterin (Escherichia coli strain M 17), Bifidumbacterin (Bifidobacterium bifidum strain 1).
Preparations containing several strains of bacteria of the same species.
Acilact, Acipol, Lactobacterin contain a mixture of active strains of lactobacilli.
sorbed drugs.
This is one of the types of monocomponent drugs in a special dosage form.
Bifidumbacterin forte And Probifor contain bacteria of the active strain Bifidobacterium bifidum No 1 adsorbed on the carrier - stone activated carbon. Bifidobacteria immobilized on coal particles quickly colonize the mucous membrane of the large intestine and provide high local colonization. The drugs exhibit antagonism to a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, adsorb and remove toxins from the intestines.
2. Multicomponent preparations
They are made up of several types of bacteria.
Linex- contains live lyophilized bacteria Bifidobacterium infantis v. liberorum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium. The advantage of Linex is that it can be taken simultaneously with antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents.
Bificol contains a microbial mass of co-grown live bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli.
Bifiform contains Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus faecium.
This combination normalizes the intestinal microflora and ensures the suppression of a significant number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Linex and Bifiform are produced in special capsules, the shell of which is resistant to the action of gastric juice. This allows the release of bacteria directly in the intestines.
3. Competitive drugs
Baktisubtil. Contains bacterial spores Bacillus cereus IP 5832.
Spores are resistant to the action of gastric juice. Germination of bacterial spores occurs in the intestine. Vegetative forms of bacteria produce enzymes that contribute to the formation of an acidic environment that prevents the processes of decay and excessive gas formation. Spore germination is accompanied by intensive production of antibiotic substances. Bacillus cereus IP 5832 show a pronounced antagonistic effect on bacteria of the genus Proteus, Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus aureus.
Enterol contains microorganisms Saccharomyces boulardii, which have a direct antimicrobial effect against a wide range bacteria: Clostridium difficile, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida pseudotropicalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphilococcus aureus and protozoa: Entamoeba histolitica, Lambliae.
Baktisporin, Sporobacterin contain a suspension of hay bacillus (Bacillus subtilis), which releases an antibacterial substance - an antibiotic of a protein nature that inhibits the development of Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella and other microorganisms.
PREBIOTICS
Various substances that positively affect the growth and activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. Prebiotics do not undergo hydrolysis digestive enzymes human, are not absorbed into upper divisions small intestine. They reach lower divisions intestines and are absorbed mainly by bifidobacteria, remaining inaccessible to other types of microorganisms.
Prebiotics are xylitol, sorbitol, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, lactulose, lacitol, inulin, valine, arginine, glutamic acid, alimentary fiber. Prebiotics are found in dairy products, corn flakes, cereals, bread, onions, field chicory, garlic, beans, peas, artichokes, bananas, Jerusalem artichoke, etc. They serve as an energy source for microorganisms. Prebiotics are fermented by bifidobacteria to acetic, lactic and other acids, which leads to a decrease in pH inside the colon and creates unfavorable conditions for the development of other genera of bacteria, such as salmonella. The resulting acidic products and other metabolites inhibit the development of putrefactive microflora. As a result, the number of colonies of pathogenic bacteria and toxic metabolites (ammonia, skatol, indole, etc.) decreases. Prebiotics are not toxic, they can be used for a long time.
Lactulose(Duphalac, Normaze, Portalac) is a synthetic oligosaccharide consisting of galactose and fructose residues. Lactulose enters colon in unchanged form. The microflora of the colon hydrolyzes lactulose with the formation of acids (lactic, partially formic and acetic). At the same time, it increases in the large intestine osmotic pressure and the pH value decreases, which leads to the retention of ammonium ions, the transfer of ammonia from the blood to the intestine and its ionization. Against the background of lactulose, there is an active reproduction of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli introduced from the outside, as well as stimulation of the growth of the natural intestinal microflora.
Hilak forte contains a concentrate of metabolic products of normal intestinal microflora (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus). These substances are a source of nutrition for the intestinal epithelium, promote its regeneration and improve function, normalize pH and water-electrolyte balance, help restore normal microflora, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The drug stimulates the immune system by increasing the synthesis of IgA.
COMBINED DRUGS (SYNBIOTICS)
The composition of these drugs includes probiotics, prebiotics and other substances.
Bifiliz contains bifidobacteria and lysozyme. The latter suppresses the activity of pathogenic microorganisms; against this background, bifidumbacteria begin to actively colonize the intestines.
Normoflorin-L And Normoflorin-B contains live lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, their cultural habitat (hydrolyzate of casein of medium cleavage, peptides, organic acids, vitamins, enzymes), prebiotics - activators of growth and metabolism of bacteria that do not decompose in the small intestine and reach the large intestine unchanged.
Polybacterin contains seven types of lacto- and bifidobacteria, skimmed milk and Jerusalem artichoke concentrate.
Restoration of microbiocenosis is a long and complex process, so the pharmacist must warn the patient about strict adherence to the dosing regimens of these drugs and all other prescriptions prescribed by the doctor.
This is a condition in which the balance between the “beneficial” microorganisms living in the intestines (mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, enterococci and others) is disturbed.
Important
IN last years It has been established that general health and well-being directly depend on the state of the intestine. In particular, the imbalance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestine is one of the starting points for fatty liver, cholesterol metabolism disorders, and even the appearance of excess weight.Due to the deterioration of the intestines and liver, mood and behavior are disturbed. Lethargy, fatigue appears, disappears Vital energy performance deteriorates immune system increases susceptibility to infections. Another disease that often accompanies intestinal dysbacteriosis is food allergy and associated skin rashes.
Test yourself
By what signs can you notice that the microflora is asking for help?
Most often this:
- unstable chair
- feeling of heaviness after eating
- stomach ache
- flatulence
- bad smell from mouth.
On a note
The balance of intestinal microflora must be restored.
For this, they can be used special preparations, as well as functional fermented milk products with “live” bifidobacteria introduced into them (bioyogurts, biokefirs, etc.).If you drink them daily, then the body accumulates enough living cells of lactic acid bacteria. With the elimination of provoking factors, dysbacteriosis can be cured in 100% of cases. By the way, self-healing is also possible.
By the way
Most often, dysbacteriosis develops as a result of intestinal infections. Another common reason is the misuse of antibiotics, since these drugs (especially broad-spectrum ones) cannot act selectively: they destroy not only dangerous, but also beneficial microorganisms.
Diet
The chair at a dysbacteriosis is often unstable. Therefore, the menu should depend on the "actual" symptoms.
For bowel disorders:
Recommended zucchini, squash, carrots, cauliflower boiled and mashed. Excluded - legumes, spinach, beets. Fruits and berries are limited, allowed - baked apples without peel, blueberry jelly, lingonberry juice.
From cereals it is worth choosing rice, oatmeal. Meat and fish are best steamed.For constipation:
The diet includes foods rich in dietary fiber, which have a laxative effect.
Promote bowel movements fruit juices, sour fruits, carbonated drinks, salty food, mineral water high degree of mineralization.
For flatulence:
Reduce or temporarily exclude the use of legumes, cabbage, sugary foods, whole milk. Increase the amount of protein foods: boiled meat, fish. Non-concentrated broths, fish soup, scrambled eggs, boiled or baked potatoes are recommended.
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