Stomach flu symptoms and treatment in adults. Intestinal (gastric) flu: infection and pathogens, signs, how to treat

Many gardeners are wondering how to grow peanuts on their own plot. The plant is from South America, but the climate of the middle European strip is quite suitable for the cultivation of exotic peanut. To obtain a crop, it is necessary to purchase seed material and study agricultural technology.

Peanuts - planting and growing at home

Ground peanut is an annual plant, sown annually. It belongs to the legume family and tastes like a real nut. Its fruits are formed in the peel in several pieces, grow underground. The lower pollinated flowers of the plant stretch to the soil and gradually completely sink into it, after which the birth of the crop begins. For peanuts, the simple method of growing in ordinary pots located on the windowsill at home is also quite suitable. You just need to plant it in light soil, provide enough light, protected from drafts.

How to plant peanuts at home?

Before planting peanuts at home, you need to prepare a wide container (30-40 cm in diameter) so that subsequently its shoots do not hang down along the edges of the pot. Optimal time for sowing - mid-April. Landing rules:

it is better to purchase seeds in specialized stores; they are soaked overnight in water, adding a drop there. By morning, the nuts open slightly and the root is shown;
the substrate is prepared from humus and sand taken in equal parts;
it is convenient to plant seeds in peat tablets (this method will require further transplantation) or immediately to a permanent place;
the container is filled with a wet substrate;
germinated seed is planted in the middle to a depth of 2-2.5 cm;
to create a warm microclimate, the pot is covered with cellophane and placed in a warm place;
for germination, the greenhouse is regularly ventilated.

Peanut care at home

For the successful development of the plant, it is required to observe the agricultural technology for the cultivation of peanuts. How to grow peanuts at home in a pot:

Watering. It is necessary to moisten seedlings regularly, avoiding sputum coma.
Spraying. On hot days, the sprout is irrigated with water at room temperature in the morning and evening.
Temperature regime. Optimum - + 20-27 ° С, conditions below + 15 ° С and above + 30 ° С destroy the fetus.
Hilling. It is carried out at the end of July to a height of 3 cm, then twice more in August by 1.5-2 cm.

Upon reaching a height of 20 cm, the plant blooms (at 40-45 days). In place of orange petals, ovaries appear that burrow into the ground. At a depth of 8-10 cm, fruits are formed. Yellowed leaves will be a signal for harvesting. The plant is pulled out of the ground, laid out in the sun to dry. After 10-12 days, the nuts will begin to separate well from the shell. Each bush gives about fifty beans with 1-7 nuts inside the shell.

How to grow peanuts in the garden?

Before you grow peanuts in the open field, it is important to familiarize yourself with some of the features of its cultivation. For planting a nut, choose open areas with good ventilation and bright lighting. The best predecessors are potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage. After legumes, it is difficult to grow a good crop. The soil needs loose, permeable, neutral. Peanuts grow during planting and care in open ground at a temperature of +20°C. When it decreases, the development of the plant stops, in this case it is advisable to cover the culture with a film.

How to plant peanut seedlings in the country?

The seeds are pre-soaked at the end of April (you can still place them in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes), after 10 days sprouts appear on them. The beans are then placed in open ground. After sprouting, the peanut will develop faster. This method will protect the bean from the bear, which often eats seeds in the ground. It is better to choose large specimens for sowing, small fruits may not sprout at all. How to plant peanuts in the garden:

planting is carried out in pits 10 cm deep with a distance of 50 cm between specimens. You can plant in rows with a distance of 30 cm or in a checkerboard pattern;
you can grow peanuts in squares of 60x60 or 70x70 cm;
the soil should be loose and fluffy, as the culture prefers soft earth;
sprouted beans are used for planting, the remains of the valves can also be thrown into the hole - they will play the role of fertilizer for the roots;
3 seeds are placed in each hole, because the weak ones may not sprout;
after embedding, the bed is irrigated with low pressure so as not to wash off the upper layer of the soil;
seedlings grow within a month to a height of 25-75 cm.

Planting time for peanuts

Since peanuts can only be grown in a warm environment, sowing is done after the soil temperature warms up to + 15 ° C. This occurs in mid-May after the incorporation of melons. Frosts are detrimental to peanuts, so before planting peanuts in the country in open ground, you must wait for settled warm weather. You can put the beans in cups 3-4 cm in diameter in April, put them on a sunny windowsill. Then the seedlings are moved to open ground in early June.

Outdoor peanut care

Groundnut peanuts when grown in open ground need the usual care - they need watering, top dressing, pest control. Young low seedlings must be protected from weeds. Weeding the rows is combined with loosening the soil after it has been moistened. After the leaves of the plant turn yellow and the seeds begin to be easily husked from the beans, it is harvest time (second half of September). First, the bushes are dug up, the fruits are allowed to dry. The crop is stored at the stage of unshelled beans in fabric bags in a dry room at +8-10°C. Up to 0.5 kg of nuts are harvested from one bush.

Features of growing peanuts in open ground

The peanut has interesting feature- it blooms one day. Sometimes this process goes almost imperceptibly for gardeners. Early in the morning in June, the buds bloom, and in the evening they already wither - during this time they have time to pollinate. After 1.5-2 months after flowering, the ovaries descend into the ground, germinate in depth, where the formation of the fruits of the culture will take place.

Growing peanuts in the garden is accompanied by mandatory hilling. 10 days after flowering, the ovaries are sprinkled with moist, loose soil by 5-7 cm (like potatoes) to culture medium reached the flower bed. As a rule, two more hillings with a break of 10 days will help to grow peanuts, during which the stem of the plant is gradually covered. The procedure is recommended to be carried out after watering or rain.

Growing Conditions for Peanuts - Soil

It is important for gardeners to know where peanuts are grown. The site should be open without a hint of shade from fences, buildings, trees. Soil for peanuts needs moist, light, with a high percentage of humus, calcium and magnesium - black soil or sandy loam. The culture does not tolerate saline soils, and acidic soils must be limed before planting. Before growing peanuts, the site is prepared: during autumn digging to a depth of 30 cm, 1-3 kg of humus is added to the ground per 1 m 2 of the site. In the spring, the landing site is again loosened shallowly with the addition of 50 grams for each m 2.

How to plant peanuts - watering features

The peanut prefers damp rather than wet soil. Over watering can lead to fruit rot. How to grow ground peanut in the country - irrigation:

moisten the culture if the upper layer of the soil dries out - approximately once a day of the week;
at the flowering stage, the sprouts are watered abundantly - in the morning once or twice a week;
water for the procedure should not be cold - it needs to be slightly warmed up in the sun;
after the formation of the ovary, instead of watering, it is recommended to spray every other day in the evening;
after each moistening, the earth is loosened so that it is enriched with oxygen;
if regular rains occur in the area, watering can be skipped;
Moisturizing is stopped a month before harvesting. If the plant is heavily watered in September, the fruits will ripen longer.

Growing peanuts - top dressing

Peanuts are fed twice a season. Fertilizers have a good effect on growth and yield. The plant responds favorably to potassium and phosphorus. How to grow peanuts in the country - fertilizers:

initial feeding is carried out after the foliage reaches 10 cm in height - the bush is fed with 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt, 70 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water;
the second time top dressing is repeated at the stage of fruiting.

How to grow peanuts - diseases and pests?

How to grow high-quality peanuts - diseases:

The disease looks like plaque spots on both sides of the leaves. In case of damage, fungicides will help - Topaz, Bravo, Quadris.
Phyllosticosis or leaf spot. Recognized by brown glades up to 6 mm in diameter, which progress in high humidity. Effective in the fight against disease fungicides a wide range actions.
Appears after flowering in the form of rusty spots passing from leaves to stems. Fruits do not ripen on the affected bushes. To grow a healthy bush will help the observance of agricultural technology for the development of culture, maintaining crop rotation, timely recharge.

Peanut crops in the middle and southern strip of Russia are quite rare, but with some knowledge, even without the slightest experience, getting a crop of this crop is quite simple. Peanuts belong to annuals, the legume family. The bush of the plant is small, up to 40 cm in height with paired leaves. Flowers yellow color small. After the flowers die off, fruits begin to form in the ground, protected by a peel.

Content:

Concerning pollination and formation of the peanut crop, then this process is quite complicated, because the flower lives only a day and during this time it must be pollinated, so the abundant flowering of plants is imperceptible. favorable conditions for the formation of ovaries do not always exist, but the peculiarity of the plant is that it can form up to 200 flowers for the entire period of vegetative development.

A feature of fruiting peanuts is the following fact - the fruits are not formed in root system like a potato, and antennae, which releases plants from lateral branches in place of flowers. Based on the above, it should be noted that the plant during the formation of fruits need frequent pruning loose soil.

Peanuts are native to South America, where their relatives grow in unprotected soil like weeds, thanks to the perfect balance of air temperature (high) and humidity (medium). In our conditions, the fruits in the soil during wintering are not preserved; high humidity can contribute to the defeat of the plant by infectious fungal diseases, and low humidity causes the flowers to fall off. This culture grows ideally at a temperature +20…+27 degrees. The plant lags behind in growth at a temperature of more than +30 degrees and less than 15 degrees.

In the open field our culture can only be planted in the south of Russia, although many gardeners are engaged in the cultivation of "peanut" in other regions. This is possible thanks to a huge number of varieties of peanuts, more than 700.

Planting peanuts in the soil is recommended germinated seeds - in the southern regions seeds are planted in prepared holes in open ground, V middle lane seeds are recommended to be planted in a film greenhouse(it is possible along the aisles between other crops, for example, between tomatoes).

If peanuts do not sprout, then the reasons should be sought in the seeds - they can be damaged or dry, so nuts from the market are not always a full-fledged seed material.

Preparing seed for planting

There are several methods for preparing peanut seeds before planting in the soil: germination And growing two week old seedlings in peat cups. In the latter case, the ripening period of the plant is accelerated, the plant is not damaged by the bear. To protect plants from this pest, baits are made: cleanings and defective root crops are added to the soil, then this place is covered with a sheet of roofing material and sprinkled with earth. Traps need to be checked periodically when collecting a bear.

Soaking peanut seeds should be done at the end of April, and germination lasts 10 days. For disinfection of seeds, a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate is used. In the middle lane it is recommended to carry out hardening of seeds, do it in the following way: during the day, within 18-20 hours, the seeds are kept at a temperature of + 2 ... + 3 degrees, at night at room temperature.

The duration of seed hardening should last no more than three days.

After the appearance of sprouts, the seeds are planted in cups with previously prepared loose soil or in a permanent place, in unprotected soil. When planting plants in open ground, a distance of 20 centimeters is left between plants, and 25 centimeters between rows. Peanut culture is thermophilic, therefore, it is better to cover the plantings with a film pre-stretched over the prepared frame, remove the film only after persistent warm weather has been established.

According to folk beliefs peanuts in the southern regions can be planted without the use of protective structures - this time comes along with the flowering of viburnum.

Agricultural technology for growing peanuts

Hilling is considered the main event in the cultivation of peanuts; the amount of the crop depends on the number and correctness of hilling. Peanuts bloom in the last decade of June and continues to bloom almost until the end of August. At this time, experienced gardeners carry out several rounds peanut plants. For the first time, it is recommended to fill the root zone of plants by about 3 centimeters with a mixture of garden soil and compost. In August, two more hillings should be carried out with the same mixture, adding up to 2 centimeters of the same bedding.

Harvesting peanuts begin with the onset of yellowing of the leaves in September. The plant must be carefully dug up so as not to damage the fruits and shake, removing the ground. Drying the beans in the sun, together with the above-ground part. After about two weeks, the fruits are ready for further use. It is recommended to keep nuts for sowing together with the peel so they are better preserved.

Coffee, cocoa, halva are made from peanuts, they are eaten raw or fried, salted and served with beer, used as an additive to chocolate and other products. Nuts contain linoleic acid, vitamins B and E.

Growing peanuts in the garden, watch the video:

Peanut Planting and Growing (Part 1)

Peanut Planting and Growing (Part 2)

Peanut planting and cultivation (part 3)

Peanut planting and cultivation (part 4)

Among the sharp intestinal infections frequently encountered rotavirus infection. This pathology widely distributed across the globe. The infection affects people different ages, but often it occurs in babies aged 6 months to 3 years. Rotavirus in children is the most common cause diarrhea.

Intestinal flu, stomach flu, rotavirus gastroenteritis are synonymous with rotavirus infection. Despite the fact that the pathology is called intestinal flu, it has nothing to do with the influenza virus this disease does not have. However clinical manifestations with these two pathologies have some similarities: acute onset and the presence of respiratory syndrome at the first sign of illness. With rotavirus infection, over time, come to the fore intestinal symptoms, and with influenza, manifestations of damage to the respiratory system are increasing.

Mechanism of infection

The stomach flu is highly contagious. This is due to the fact that intestinal virus stable during external environment and tolerates well. low temperatures. A sick person can infect an infection or healthy carrier virus. Infection can occur in three ways:

Fecal-oral with contaminated hands, food (unwashed vegetables and fruits, infected dairy products), water.
Through the air in close contact with the patient (during a conversation, coughing, sneezing).
Through household contact through contaminated surfaces and things, especially in places where a large number of people (kindergartens, school, public transport and etc.).

Most often, children get sick. Adults become infected when caring for sick babies. Infection in the stomach does not die, as rotavirus is resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach and digestive enzymes. Viruses actively multiply in the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa, causing their death. Then they are excreted in large quantities with feces.

The incubation period is from 1 to 5 days. After its expiration, the viruses cause diarrhea and symptoms appear.

The incidence of rotavirus infection is on the rise winter period from December to April. However, in summer, in cool weather, pathology is also not uncommon.

Intestinal influenza can cause epidemic outbreaks. Foci of infection often appear in childhood preschool institutions and hospitals.

Signs of gastrointestinal flu

The stomach flu is characterized by signs of gastroenteritis as a result of injury epithelial cells mucous small intestine. In total, the disease lasts from 7 to 12 days. Symptoms intestinal flu at the beginning of the course of the disease are uncharacteristic for a particular pathology, so diagnostic errors very often occur.

Rotavirus infection at the onset of the disease can manifest itself as an acute respiratory viral infection with intestinal syndrome.

Most characteristics intestinal flu:

the temperature rises;
growing weakness;
headache;
runny nose;
sore throat;
cough;
nausea;
vomit;
later diarrhea is added to these symptoms.

Clinical manifestations of intestinal influenza in adults may be absent. In children, the symptoms are usually pronounced. In adults, the acidity of the juice in the stomach and the content of secretory immunoglobulins are higher. However, the absence of manifestations does not mean that a person is not contagious. He can be a virus carrier and infect others. Sometimes the onset of the disease is acute and abdominal pain with influenza can give a picture of an acute abdomen.

Symptoms stomach flu further the following:

abdominal pain;
nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea.

Intestinal symptoms are similar to those of food poisoning. However, poisoning appears suddenly and can be associated with the use of certain foods. A intestinal signs associated with rotavirus infection respiratory symptoms. Diarrhea and cough are the combination of manifestations that often occurs with this disease. In addition, flu diarrhea has characteristic distinguishing features:

frequent liquid grayish-yellow stools;
clayey consistency of feces;
intensive bad smell bowel movements;
return liquid stool after the end of the disease with the use of dairy products, which is associated with secondary lactase deficiency.

With rotavirus infection, urine becomes dark color and sometimes streaks of blood appear in it.

Dehydration is a formidable complication of rotavirus infection resulting from frequent vomiting and diarrhea. It poses the greatest danger to young children. Dehydration symptoms:

strong thirst;
a small amount of urine or its absence for a long time;
dark yellow urine;
overwork;
general weakness.

When the condition worsens, they join:

clouding of consciousness;
weak pulse;
lowering blood pressure;
cyanosis skin and mucous membranes.

In case of failure to provide assistance and big losses water by the body it threatens the life of the patient.

Therapy for gastrointestinal flu

The stomach flu does not specific treatment. used symptomatic therapy this disease. The severity of the disease determines how the patient will be treated: outpatient or hospitalized. If you vomit less than 5 times a day and stool less than 10 times a day, rotavirus infection can be treated at home. Treatment for intestinal flu consists of:

elimination of dehydration;
lowering the temperature;
getting rid of the symptoms of intoxication;
diets;
improve digestion with enzyme preparations.

Medications for stomach flu:

preparations for rehydration (orally - Regidron, intravenously - saline) - make up for the lack of fluid in the body;
sorbents ( Activated carbon) - bind and remove toxins;
antipyretic (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen) - reduces the temperature and eliminates the symptoms of intoxication;
enzyme preparations (Mezim, Creon) - to improve digestion;
probiotics (Linex, Enterogermina, Biogaya) - restoration of intestinal microflora after the end of the disease.

Diet for rotavirus infection involves:

exclusion of fried, fatty, spicy, salty, smoked;
coffee, strong tea, dairy products, citrus fruits and soda are prohibited;
No alcoholic beverages and smoking;
a large number of vegetables and fruits are welcome;
It is advisable to cook and cook food for a couple and in the oven.

stomach flu during pregnancy

Intestinal flu during pregnancy is difficult due to the reduced immune reactivity of the body. It is manifested by a combination of respiratory and intestinal syndromes. The action of rotavirus infection is directed to the cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, it does not affect the fetus.

The danger is a complication of intestinal flu in the form of dehydration. This can lead to miscarriage and premature birth.

What you need to know about the stomach flu

Rotavirus gastroenteritis after the first disease contributes to the formation of stable immunity. In some adults, immunity may be weakened due to a decrease in the level of antibodies to rotavirus. This can lead to an increase in symptoms.

The intestinal flu is infection viral etiology, in which the gastrointestinal tract is affected. The causative agents are predominantly rotaviruses. The name "intestinal flu" is misleading, although common, because rotaviruses are not related to influenza viruses. Correct name- rotavirus infection.

Some similarity with the clinical picture respiratory disease, apparently, was the reason for the name of rotavirus infection "intestinal flu".

The disease is ubiquitous and occurs in all population groups, but children, immunocompromised individuals and people are more susceptible to it. old age. Intestinal flu in children is one of the most common causes of diarrhea, accounting for 20% of all cases of severe diarrhea in children. infants and about 5% of all cases lethal outcome in children under five years of age. According to some reports, almost all children under the age of five suffer from this disease. The incidence increases in winter.

Causes and risk factors

Rotaviruses are a genus of viruses in the reovirus family (Reoviridae) that have a double-stranded, fragmented RNA. out of nine known species Rotaviruses can infect humans with types A, B and C. Up to 90% of all cases of intestinal influenza are caused by rotavirus A. The diameter of the virion is 65–75 nm. The virus genome contains 11 fragments surrounded by a three-layer protein coat (capsid), which makes the virus resistant to acidic stomach contents and intestinal enzymes. The infectious agent is quite stable in the external environment (freely tolerates low temperatures and heating up to 60 ° C).

Replication of rotaviruses in the body occurs mainly in the enterocytes of the villi of the small intestine, which leads to the death of the latter and subsequent structural and functional changes epithelium. The virus enters the cell by direct penetration through cell membrane or by endocytosis. Due to a violation of the digestive process and the accumulation of disaccharides, a large amount of water and electrolytes enter the intestinal lumen, which leads to the development severe diarrhea and dehydration.

The infectious agent enters the human body through the mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract. The most common way of transmission of the intestinal flu virus is alimentary (the use of unwashed vegetables and fruits, meat and dairy products of dubious quality, etc.). Infection by airborne droplets and contact is also possible.

The first signs of intestinal flu are severe nausea, repeated vomiting, rumbling in the abdomen, and diarrhea.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with gastritis, gastroenteritis, enterocolitis of a different etiology, food poisoning. Intestinal flu in pregnant women is differentiated from early toxicosis.

Treatment of the intestinal flu

Etiotropic treatment of intestinal influenza has not been developed, therefore, symptomatic therapy is used. Patients with rotavirus infection are isolated, depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient, treatment is carried out in a hospital or at home.

The main goals of therapy are the normalization of the water-salt balance disturbed due to vomiting and diarrhea, the elimination of intoxication and the disorders caused by it. Dehydration is especially dangerous in childhood therefore, children with severe diarrhea and repeated vomiting are subject to hospitalization, rehydration and correction electrolyte balance they are given by intravenous drip injection rehydrating solutions.

In adults, the indication for hospitalization is the presence of fever in a patient for more than five days, bright pronounced signs intoxication, indomitable vomiting and diarrhea, detection of blood impurities in the feces and vomit, impaired consciousness, pregnancy. In other cases, treatment is carried out at home.

Specific prevention of intestinal influenza is vaccination, two vaccines against rotavirus A have been developed, both contain live attenuated virus.

Appointed plentiful drink(still mineral water, saline solutions, weak black tea) in small portions, since a large amount of alcohol drunk at once can provoke an attack of vomiting in acute period diseases; intake of enterosorbents. With an increase in body temperature above 38 ° C, antipyretic drugs are used. At the end acute stage diseases can be used drugs that restore normal microflora intestines (the need is determined by the attending physician).

Diet for stomach flu

Patients with intestinal flu are shown a diet. In the acute period of the disease, there is no appetite, any food and even its smell causes increased nausea and an attack of vomiting, therefore, a water-tea pause is prescribed until the end. acute manifestations(1-2 days). Then they give sweet tea with dried white bread, boiled rice. Then the diet is gradually expanded, introducing vegetable purees and cereals on the water, biscuits, baked apples, bananas, boiled lean meat and fish, low-fat and weak broth. Food should be fractional - 6-8 times a day in small portions. Before full recovery from the menu exclude milk, dairy and dairy products, fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods, sausages, concentrated juices, fresh vegetables and fruits, sugary carbonated drinks, fast food, coffee, alcohol.

Possible complications and consequences

Intestinal flu can be complicated by dehydration and its complications - heart, kidney failure.

Forecast

The prognosis is favorable in most cases. long-term effects past illness not visible. The prognosis worsens with the development of a severe form of rotavirus infection in young children and people with severe immunodeficiency.

Prevention

Specific prevention of intestinal influenza is vaccination, two vaccines against rotavirus A have been developed, both contain live attenuated virus and have proven to be an effective preventive measure.

Nonspecific prevention of intestinal flu consists of the following activities:

isolation of patients with intestinal flu;
avoiding contact with patients, especially during pregnancy;
regular hand washing after returning from the street, visiting the toilet, before eating;
use in food proven quality products, refusal to use expired products, thorough washing of vegetables and fruits;
use of high-quality drinking water;
strengthening immunity;
rejection of bad habits.

The stomach flu is a disease that combines symptoms colds and digestive upset. Children are more susceptible to infection - in adults, the disease is less common, and the disease affects mainly the elderly. The acute period of infection lasts from 5 to 7 days, after which complete recovery occurs.

In adult patients, stomach (intestinal) flu is milder than in children. In some cases, there may be no signs of the disease at all, while the patient is a source of infection for other family members or work colleagues. In medicine, the disease is called "rotavirus infection", which proceeds according to the type of gastroenteritis with the development of dehydration syndrome (dehydration of the body).

Stomach flu: symptoms and treatment in adults

Ways of infection

Gastroenteritis is caused by a specific group of viruses (rotavirus) that enter the human body through the mucous membranes (epithelium) of the stomach, intestines and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear within 1-2 days, but in some cases, deterioration in well-being becomes noticeable only for 4-5 days. On average, the incubation period of the virus is from 12 hours to 5 days.

To protect yourself from infection, it is important to know in what ways you can catch the infection.

Important! Hand washing hot water with antibacterial soap after visiting the restroom should be binding rule for people of any age.

Can you get infected while swimming in the pool?

Rotaviruses are very resistant to environmental factors, including freezing and high temperatures. The virus is completely destroyed only after heating to 70-80 degrees, so it is quite difficult to fight it indoors. IN public swimming pools and saunas, gastroenteritis can be contracted if the staff of the establishment does not pay due attention to hygiene and treatment of the pool and places heightened danger(showers, steam rooms).

Important! The destruction of stomach flu viruses in water is achieved by disinfectants containing chlorine. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the concentration of chloride substances does not exceed allowable norms- Otherwise, you can get serious poisoning if you accidentally swallow water.

Video - Rotavirus and its symptoms

Symptoms and signs of pathology

Symptoms of gastroenteritis begin with catarrhal phenomena - the patient begins to perspire, cough, rhinitis. This is what distinguishes gastroenteritis from the rest. digestive disorders. After the number of viruses becomes larger, dyspepsia occurs and signs appear intestinal pathologies. Clinical picture in the acute period of the disease is as follows:

Stools with gastroenteritis are plentiful and frequent - up to 10 times a day. Feces may be yellow or grey colour, similar in texture to clay. The smell is sharp, fetid.

Going to the toilet with gastroenteritis can reach up to 10 times a day

Important! If there is mucus or blood in the stool, it is important to report these symptoms to your doctor immediately.

At copious excretion stool dehydration may occur, so the patient should receive rehydration therapy and observe a drinking regimen.

Body temperature in adult patients most often fluctuates within subfebrile values (up to 37.2-37.5 degrees), but sometimes it can rise to high levels and reach 39 degrees and above. The degree of intoxication depends on the state immune system patient, the number of viruses and the degree of their activity (reproduction).

Only an infectious disease specialist should deal with the treatment of gastric flu. Self-treatment unacceptable due to difficulties in diagnosing pathology. The fact is that the symptoms of the disease are not characteristic, and its appearance may indicate other serious illnesses: cholera, salmonellosis, etc. For staging accurate diagnosis it is necessary to undergo an examination, as a result of which a decision will be made on the possibility of outpatient treatment.

Procedure for suspected rotavirus

Summer stomach flu

Listeriosis (stomach flu that occurs during the hot summer months) is somewhat different from other forms of gastroenteritis. The carriers of the infection are the inhabitants of reservoirs and lakes, so the main route of infection is swimming in prohibited places. You can become infected with listeriosis after eating rotten or unwashed fruits, which are an excellent breeding ground. pathogenic microorganisms.

Unlike winter gastroenteritis, listeriosis is almost always accompanied by high temperature(above 39 degrees) and inflammation cervical lymph nodes. One of the first signs of the disease is conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. The patient's eye sclera turns red, purulent contents appear in the corners of the eyes.

Important! With complicated listeriosis, the patient's broncho-pulmonary system, as well as the pancreas, can become inflamed, so the treatment of this form of pathology almost always takes place in a hospital.

One of the first signs of listeriosis is conjunctivitis.

Treatment of stomach flu

specific treatment for gastroenteritis this moment does not exist, so the patient is prescribed symptomatic therapy that combines diet food and reception medicines. Comprehensive treatment works in several directions:

eliminates signs of intoxication;
restores salt balance;
stops the release of vomit and diarrhea;
helps prevent dehydration.

Stomach flu adversely affects the functioning of the heart and organs urinary system therefore, in some cases, potassium preparations (for example, Panangin) and agents to improve kidney function can be used.

Medication scheme complex treatment gastroenteritis is presented in the table below.

Drug group	What is it used for?	What medicines to take?
Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs	Decrease in temperature, elimination of signs of intoxication, relief inflammatory processes on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract	Rinza, Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Flucoldex
Antihistamines (histamine blockers)	Elimination of allergic reactions	Ketotifen, Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratadin
Antitussives	Blocking cough receptors	"Bromhexine", "Tusuprex", "Bronholitin"
Multivitamin complexes	strengthening defensive reactions, improving well-being, prevention of vitamin deficiency	"Alfavit", "Sanasol", "Complivit", "Duovit"
Antivirals	Virus suppression	"Amiksin", "Arbidol", "Viferon", "Interferon", "Grippferon", "Remantadin"
Means of rehydration	Restoration of water-salt balance, normalization of kidney function, prevention of dehydration	"Rehydron"
Sorbents	Removal of waste products of microorganisms, toxins and viruses, elimination of vomiting and diarrhea, bowel cleansing	"Enterosgel", activated carbon, "Neosmectin"
Digestive enzymes	Improvement of digestive processes, elimination of dyspeptic phenomena	"Mezim forte", "Creon 10000"

After recovery, the patient is prescribed maintenance therapy with the use of multivitamin or vitamin-mineral complexes, as well as preparations containing probiotics and lactic bacteria, which include:

"Lineks";
"Bifidumbacterin";
"Acipol";
Normobact.

These drugs are needed for recovery intestinal microflora

These drugs are needed to restore intestinal microflora, improve bowel function, strengthen immunity and normalize the functioning of the digestive tract.

Diet for stomach flu

In any form of gastroenteritis, the patient must comply therapeutic diet, which excludes fermented milk products and products based on milk protein. Dairy products are an excellent breeding ground for all types of pathogenic microorganisms, so the use of products containing milk sugar, during the period of treatment can increase the symptoms of the disease and lead to a deterioration in well-being.

Dairy products are prohibited in any form of gastroenteritis

It is advisable to eat pureed food in the first days of the disease - this will reduce the load on the digestive organs and intestines. If you do not want to eat the pureed meat, you need to carefully chop it, cutting it into small pieces or scrolling through a meat grinder.

Drinking should be plentiful and frequent. The patient is shown the use of warm tea with raspberries or lemon, compotes, juices (diluted with water), fruit drinks and other liquids with a low sugar content.

After recovery, dairy products should be introduced into the diet gradually. It is better to start with sour-milk low-fat drinks: kefir, fermented baked milk. Cheese, milk porridge butter, fatty cottage cheese are introduced into the menu last.

Video - Stomach flu: causes and symptoms, treatment

Will the vaccine help protect against gastroenteritis?

Some do it for prevention. seasonal vaccination from the flu. It should be noted that the viruses that cause type A or B influenza have nothing to do with rotaviruses, so vaccination to prevent gastroenteritis is ineffective.

Prevention measures

home preventive measure to prevent intestinal flu - compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and room treatment standards. In conditions of permanent employment, it is difficult to maintain the required level of cleanliness in the apartment, but it is necessary to ensure the health of all family members. Wet cleaning with the use of disinfectants and solutions, airing should be carried out daily, especially if there are sick children or adults in the house.

A separate discussion deserves the topic of nutrition. All food preparation must be fresh and thoroughly washed. When buying, you should pay attention to the packaging of the goods - there should not be any visible damage. Meat, fish and eggs must be handled according to established standards for this product group. It is better to choose dairy products from local producers and purchase them on the day of production (their shelf life usually does not exceed 5-10 days).

Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent stomach flu

What other measures will help protect yourself and loved ones from the stomach flu:

thorough hand washing after visiting the street, toilet, contact with animals;
bathing in summer period only in permitted places (where water and soil are regularly examined for the content of bacteria, microbes and viruses);
boiling water (additional cleaning with a filter will not interfere).

Important! To prevent mass outbreaks of infection in collectives, it is important not to visit workplace until full recovery. Some continue to work or go to school after the first signs of improvement in well-being, forgetting that they are still contagious to other people.

The stomach flu is a nasty infectious disease that can lead to severe consequences at improper treatment Therefore, when the first signs of pathology appear, you need to contact a specialist. At self-diagnosis pathology, there is a high risk of misdiagnosis, which is fraught with complications, deterioration of health and acute dehydration, which in exceptional cases can cause the death of the patient.