Restoration of microflora. What bacteria form the intestinal flora? Preparations for normalizing intestinal microflora for constipation
In the human stomach there is a truly unique microflora that contributes to normal digestion and protection from infection.
The organ is covered from the inside with a mucous membrane, the main task of which is to produce mucus and food bacteria. The main purpose of the mucus produced is to protect the organ from the harmful effects of enzymes and acids, and to help improve digestive processes. When a direct violation of the epithelial structure occurs, a modification of the microflora occurs; in such cases, the epithelium loses its functional purpose with the following consequences.
What is gastric microflora
Microflora is formed from a combination of special microorganisms, awarded with special functionality, which depend on their location. Any organ is characterized by its own specific microflora (except Bladder and uterus). The gastrointestinal microflora is truly unique. Since these organs come into most frequent contact with external environment through the food consumed.
Experts note that more than 500 bacteria live in the gastrointestinal tract with a combined weight of about 1.5 kg. Typically, about 400 varieties are absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucus, including aerobic and anaerobic. Every part of the digestive tract has specific types of bacteria. Directly in the stomach there are particles of oral microflora and saliva.
Microflora disorder has a detrimental effect on the breakdown process nutrients, which provokes disruption of digestive processes. In such cases, the direct digestion of incoming food is replaced by the processes of fermentation and decay. As a result of such processes, toxins begin to be released, which contribute to irritation of the mucous membrane and provoke the occurrence of peptic ulcers. Violation of the processes of assimilation of nutrients has a detrimental effect on metabolism, provoking the occurrence of vitamin deficiency and anemia. And this contributes to the direct weakening immune functions body.
The structure and number of bacteria in the gastric flora of a healthy person can vary relative to the acidity level. The general indicator is set by the immediate pH level, which is normally equal to 4. On an empty stomach, the acidity level can be equal to 2. Direct deviations can be manifested by the presence of the following symptoms:
- Stool disorder. As a rule, this kind of disruption occurs against the background of weak fluid absorption. Sometimes diarrhea can be replaced by constipation, which can occur due to the disorder contractile function intestinal membranes.
- Gas formation. In normal situations, a significant proportion of gases are absorbed by the intestinal lining, and a small part is already experienced by the person. When a deviation occurs, this process is disrupted, as a result of which a concentration of gases with flatulence is observed.
- Nausea, vomiting, burning sensation.
- Poisoning of the body.
- Changes in microflora can provoke allergic reactions.
A healthy, properly balanced enzyme environment is very important for the natural functioning of the stomach and intestines. As experts note, if a patient has a low level of acidity, then this does not allow them to completely destroy and reduce the initiative of harmful microbes in the stomach. Consequently, bacteria that can enter the body along with food have the opportunity not only to survive, but also to multiply safely. But increased acidity, on the contrary, interferes with the natural functionality of healthy bacteria.
In addition to deficit or surplus of hydrochloric acid on the balance of healthy and harmful microorganisms in the stomach may affect:
- Pills antibacterial action. Excessive consumption of them contributes to the destruction of all microflora.
- Infectious disease and helminthic lesions.
- Irregular food consumption.
- Stressful situations that contribute to the formation of compression and anemia of the gastric muscular system.
Direct restoration of the gastric microflora must begin with determining the true reasons that provoked the disorder process. In most cases, the basis for the formation of such disorders in the body is the level of acidity gastric juice. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the pH level and, if necessary, bring it back to normal.
Depending on the acidity level, the patient is prescribed appropriate medications. In addition to means aimed at normalizing acidity, the patient is recommended to follow a diet. The combination of such methods helps rapid recovery microflora.
Recovery after antibiotic therapy
Antibiotics are a universal remedy that can relieve a person from most ailments . But it should be borne in mind that subsequently taking this kind of medication, it contributes to disruptions in the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. This is due to the fact that the process of formation of the prostaglandin system arising from arachidonic acids is disrupted. These substances have a beneficial effect not only on the stomach, but also on the intestines.
Prostaglandins contribute to the formation of mucopolysaccharides, which are responsible for the production of mucus. The mucous wall, in turn, is the main protective component, because it protects the lining of the stomach and intestines from the harmful effects of hydrochloric acid. Moreover, prostaglandins help normalize acidity in the body. It should also be noted that they prevent the excessive growth and multiplication of harmful bacteria. When patients take antibiotics, the enveloping protective part is subjected to sudden and intense detrimental effects.
After undergoing such therapy, the body requires rehabilitation. Regardless of the direction of treatment, the rehabilitation course to restore the microflora should include:
- Purpose of prostaglandin analogue medications.
- The use of drugs that promote the healing process of injured mucosa.
- Carrying out tests for lowering the infection of the body with the bacterium Helicobacter.
Preparations for restoring microflora
| Medication: | Properties: |
|---|---|
| Probiotics: | According to expert reviews, the best option restoration of microflora is the introduction of “good” microorganisms into the stomach by taking live cultures in the form of probiotics. The most popular drugs are the following:
Bifidumbacteria. This product is resistant to antibiotics, therefore, they can be taken in combination. |
| Lactobacilli: | The structure of the active formula contains active lactobacilli, awarded with immunomodulatory characteristics. These bacteria have the ability to create a protective layer and suppress pathogenic microflora. Such products can be single or multi-component, which are issued in the form of pills, powders and suppositories. This group of medications can be taken together with antibiotics. |
| Bifidobacteria: | The benefits of these bacteria for the gastric flora are overwhelming. Bactericides have antibacterial characteristics, therefore this group drugs prevent penetration into the body pathogenic bacteria. |
It should also be noted that to restore gastric microflora, therapy must be comprehensive. Therefore, in addition to taking medications, the patient must follow a diet. As a rule, the duration of diet therapy is at least 3 months. Foods that can contribute to the active proliferation of pathogenic microflora should be eliminated from the diet. Such products include:
- Bakery products.
- Sugar, sweets, dairy products.
- Potatoes.
- Sour milk.
- Cottage cheese, onion.
- Garlic.
To help the body recover after antibiotic use, the diet should also include:
- Fresh vegetables and fruits.
- Greenery.
- Sauerkraut.
Recovery for gastritis
If the cause of destabilization of the gastric microflora is the thinning of the organ lining due to the formation and progression of atrophic gastritis, then in this case the following functions malfunction:
- Protection from injury.
- Acid production.
- Mucus formation.
- Decreased motor function.
To directly restore functionality and microflora, treatment with prostaglandins and substitutes is necessary digestive juice. This type of remedy allows you to maintain the ideal concentration of acid in the stomach as much as possible. But it is important not to overdo it with this group of drugs, since an overdose of them has a detrimental effect on the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract and causes the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative diseases.
Alternative therapy methods
Traditional medicines can also help restore the gastric mucosa and microflora. But such methods should not be used as the main treatment, since this will not give the desired result and can only aggravate the patient’s condition. Popular recipes are:
- Flaxseed decoction.
- Potatoes.
- Parsley root infusion cabbage juice and plantain. But it should be borne in mind that this remedy is recommended for patients with reduced acidity levels.
The folk remedy made from flaxseed and zirconium has proven itself to be excellent. Kissel is made from this medicinal component. Such a medicine not only has regenerative and enveloping characteristics, but also a regulatory effect regarding metabolic processes. To prepare medicinal jelly you will need:
- tsp zirconium.
- 3 tbsp. l. flax
- 1 liter of water.
Flax seeds must be poured with hot water and beaten with a mixer for 10 minutes and gradually adding zirconium. The medicine must be taken 30 minutes before starting a meal. It should be understood that in order to achieve the desired result regarding the restoration of the microflora of the stomach and intestines, it is necessary to use all the recommended methods in combination. To avoid negative consequences all manipulations regarding treatment must be agreed upon with a specialist.
The human intestine contains a great variety of different bacteria and microorganisms, both beneficial and pathogenic. Largest quantity are also bifidobacteria. There is a kind of balance in the numerical ratio of all intestinal bacteria, this is called microflora. When this balance is disturbed, dysbiosis occurs. Positive microorganisms simply cannot cope with their work and do not have time to produce a sufficient amount of useful substances.
To restore the disturbed balance, there is a large number of drugs for restoring intestinal microflora, which can be divided into three groups:
- Probiotics containing live cultures of microorganisms (Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Acepol, etc.)
- – drugs that enhance the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. These include Duphalac, Lactusan and Normaze, which contain lactulose.
- Synbiotics are a complex of living bacteria and substances that enhance their growth. Among the most famous Biovestin are Lacto, Bifido-bak, Maltidophilus.
Probiotics, in turn, can also be divided into several subtypes. Preparations containing only one strain of bacteria include Lactobacterin and others. If a drug contains several strains of bacteria, it is called multicomponent. The most famous among multicomponent drugs is Linex. Probiotics containing live bacteria are Probifor, Bifidumbacterin forte.
Probiotics are generally safe and do not cause any side effects. They cannot always be replaced with folk remedies; it is better to take them together or use traditional medicine to consolidate the results. However, it is important to remember that not all advertising is true; before purchasing any drug for dysbiosis, you must consult a doctor, and also choose medications only famous manufacturers and at trusted pharmacies.
Anti-dysbacteriosis medications for children
Dysbacteriosis in a child most often occurs when taking antibiotics that destroy the natural intestinal microflora. Often, after a course of antibiotics, mothers observe in their children poor appetite, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, decreased immunity, as well as various allergic reactions due to increased intestinal permeability, and rash.
Infants can do without special medications. IN Lately pediatricians are inclined to believe that mother's breast milk – best medicine. Therefore, mothers are advised to give up complementary feeding for a while and breastfeed only.
Let's take a closer look at what medications can be given to children and at what age:
- Linux. It's biological active additive for food, has a special dosage for children, is available in the form of bagged powder. It is believed that this drug can be given from birth, observing a certain dosage. You can take it for up to a month, on the recommendation of your doctor.
- Primadophilus. This is a dietary supplement used to restore intestinal microflora in both children and adults. For children, this supplement is available in powder form. It can be added to breast milk, formula, drinks, and taken with meals. It should only be stored in the refrigerator.
- Hilak forte. This drug is available in drops. It can be used from the first days of life. Infants are given from 15 to 30 drops at a time. However, it should not be given with milk or dairy products.
- Acipol is allowed to be taken by children from 3 months, 1 capsule 2-3 times a day. Of course, infants will not be able to swallow the capsule, so you need to carefully open it and pour the powder into the liquid.
- Normobakt. Available in powder form. Infants Give half a sachet per day, dividing the dose several times. Powder can be added to liquid, but not hot. The course of taking the drug is no more than 15 days.
- Bifidumbacterin. The drug in powder form is dissolved in a small amount of liquid and drunk without waiting for complete dissolution. For newborns, you can add it to milk or formula. It is advisable to take Bifidumbacterin with meals.
Drugs that restore intestinal microflora during pregnancy
Dysbacteriosis during pregnancy causes many problems for both the mother and the unborn baby, whose body is inextricably linked with the mother’s. During dysbacteriosis, not everyone useful material and vitamins are absorbed in the intestines, which has a bad effect on the child’s health. Therefore, if signs of this appear unpleasant disease The doctor observing the pregnancy prescribes treatment that should not be interrupted.
Of course, first of all, the doctor adjusts the pregnant woman’s diet, and then prescribes her medications that restore the intestinal microflora without harm to the child. Under the supervision of a doctor, you can take probiotics such as Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin. The dosage is regulated by the doctor. Each case is unique in its own way. Some doctors consider Linex useless and do not prescribe it during pregnancy. However, there are also cases of significant improvement in the condition after taking this drug. Because it contains lactose, it should be used with caution if you are dairy intolerant.
It is worth remembering that a disease such as dysbiosis occurs gradually, so treatment must begin as soon as the first signs appear.
Some drugs approved during pregnancy are available in the form of suppositories, for example, Bifidumbacterin. They can be inserted either into the vagina or rectum. In some cases, a pregnant woman is prescribed a short course of Acipol (no more than a week). Lakobacterin is also available in the form of suppositories and has no contraindications during pregnancy. The powder should be taken with milk during meals.
Restoring intestinal microflora with folk remedies
Linex is one of the most popular drugs
There are a number of effective folk remedies helping to restore intestinal microflora. However, you should still consult your doctor before taking it. This primarily concerns pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children.
- To herbs that have antimicrobial effect, include chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, eucalyptus. You can drink herbal decoctions or fruit drinks made from raspberries and strawberries.
- If dysbiosis is expressed by constipation, senna, aloe and other herbs that enhance intestinal motility will help. However, these herbs are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they cause contraction of the uterine walls and can cause miscarriage. When taking senna, a side effect such as abdominal pain is observed.
- oak bark, a decoction of pomegranate peels, burnet. All of the above means have a strengthening effect.
- Natural honey also has an antimicrobial effect. In addition, it gently and painlessly enhances intestinal motility and also normalizes digestion.
- Fresh garlic is useful for dysbiosis. It is advisable to swallow the garlic clove whole without chewing.
- For best effect You can wash down the garlic with fermented milk liquid product.
- If you have dysbacteriosis, it is not recommended to drink water during meals, so as not to dilute the gastric juice, which makes the food longer and worse to digest.
- It is worth excluding homemade pickles and smoked meats from your diet.
- It is useful to periodically cleanse the intestines of toxins; this will help avoid dysbiosis. To do this, use specially prepared puree from Antonov apples, which is eaten for several days. Other products should be excluded at this time.
- You can introduce a healthy breakfast into your diet. In the evening, mix rolled oats, kefir or natural yogurt without additives and fruits or dried fruits. Place everything in a plastic jar, close the lid tightly, and refrigerate overnight.
No matter how safe drugs for dysbiosis are recognized, any self-medication is strictly prohibited. Opinions regarding usefulness
Probiotics are a broad group of medications whose action is aimed at restoring the intestines and the entire digestive system. A feature of the composition of these medications is the presence of stamps of living bacteria in them. These organisms do not cause any harm to the digestive tract, since they are completely natural for it and form part of the healthy intestinal microflora. Probiotics have a positive effect not only on digestion and intestinal function, they also stimulate the production of vitamins, folic acid, biotin and improve their absorption.
After hitting digestive system live bacteria provide exclusively positive influence on the intestines and adjacent sections:
- are able to restore especially delicate and sensitive microflora of the intestinal mucosa after taking aggressive medications, including antibacterial ones;
- activate the production of vitamin and mineral elements;
- activate the production of digestive elements that contribute to the correct and rapid processing of food and its subsequent removal from the body;
- additionally lower the level of bad cholesterol;
- probiotics relieve inflammation, remove allergens and other harmful enzymes from tissues and organs;
- quickly reduce the acidity level in the colon to normal levels;
- provoke the process of regeneration of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, and not just one intestine;
- significantly increase immunity, allowing you to quickly get rid of the symptoms of colds, poisoning and other serious conditions.
Attention! It is useful to take probiotics in courses even in the absence of obvious problems with the intestines, but in case of periodic failures in its functioning or after a period poor nutrition. The strains used will improve bowel movements and protect against insufficient or excessive intestinal motility.
Types of probiotics and their features
| Generation | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | The base of the drug is one bacterium, which is supplemented by other less numerous components |
| 2 | This group of prebiotics includes yeast-like fungi and spore-type bacilli, which belong to the class of antagonists |
| 3 | Multicomponent preparations with several stamps of beneficial bacteria and additional mineral and vitamin supplements |
| 4 | Medicines belong to the class of synbiotics, consisting of several strains of bacteria and special components that help them multiply faster and colonize damaged mucous membranes |
Attention! Today, experts also recommend focusing not only on the generation of probiotics, but also on the release form. Previously, powders and liquid forms medicines of this group. But today it is easier to take enteric capsules and tablets. They begin to act immediately after entering the digestive system and are easy to measure required dose, A positive result differs in duration.
Bifidumbacterin for intestinal restoration
Quite often prescribed for the treatment of patients of any age, it is one of the very first probiotics. Depending on your preference, you can purchase the medication in the form of capsules, tablets, granules for preparing a solution, as well as rectal and vaginal suppositories. The probiotic contains one active strain of bifidobacteria. It is recommended for use in cases of severe intestinal dysfunction, when the digestive system is affected by viruses, harmful bacteria and the development of local and extensive inflammatory processes in the large and small intestines.
The dosage of the probiotic is calculated for each patient strictly according to indications, taking into account age, weight and the presence of other related health problems. An adult patient is recommended to take 15 doses of Bifidumbacterin, which should be divided into several doses. It is recommended to drink the drug 20-40 minutes before meals. Once diluted, the powder should be taken immediately as it quickly loses its effectiveness.
Attention! When taking it, it should be taken into account that all forms of the medication except the powder contain one dose of probiotic. One packet of powder contains 5 doses at once active component. IN in rare cases Bifidumbacterin provoked minor allergic reactions.
Acipol against dysbiosis and other intestinal problems
This medicinal product refers to symbiotics, which represent the third generation of multicomponent probiotics. A feature of Acipol is its ability to create such unsuitable conditions for pathogenic organisms that they begin to die or move through the intestines, leaving the body naturally. As a result, the microflora becomes healthier literally from the first day. Intestinal motility and peristalsis return to normal, diarrhea stops.
Acipol is used when necessary to eliminate symptoms of colitis, enterocolitis, allergic reactions from the intestines, as well as intoxications and viral attacks. The product is taken in the form of capsules, which cannot be divided and must be washed down with clean water. The exception is small children, for whom you can open the dose and take out its contents. The dosage of the medication is 1 capsule three times a day for 2-4 weeks. Admission is prohibited until three months of age. In some cases, Acipol provoked allergic reactions in the form of additional digestive system disorders.
Attention! Additionally, when taking Acipol, metabolic processes in the body are significantly activated and relieved inflammatory processes throughout the entire digestive system.
Bifiform for intestinal restoration
This probiotic belongs to the third class, among the main components are bifidobacteria and enterococci. The children's variety Bififorma is additionally enriched with B vitamins, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart muscle and the whole body. Beneficial organisms quickly restore the functioning of the digestive tract, completely suppressing the possibility of further bacterial growth.
Bifiform is available in several forms. Adult patients can purchase capsules and tablets, and for children an oil solution, granules for preparing a solution, and small tablets with orange or berry flavoring are available.
Bifiform is used for preventive measures, for the treatment of dysbiosis, diarrhea, constipation and severe bloating. Additionally as combination therapy this drug can be used to relieve seizures ulcerative exacerbation, gastritis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
There are no obvious contraindications to the drug, with the exception of excessive sensitivity to components, including additives. The dosage and course of treatment can only be selected by the attending physician, taking into account the severity of symptoms and other associated complications.
Attention! Since the medicine intended for children contains B vitamins, you should make sure that the patient does not develop undesirable effect due to developed hypervitaminosis.
Video - How probiotics work
Maxilak against dysbiosis and intestinal disorders
A drug with a combined spectrum of effects that has a powerful positive impact to all systems of the body. The synbiotic contains beneficial strains of bacteria, as well as substances that help beneficial organisms quickly replace pathogenic intestinal microflora.
The basis dosage form constitute four types of beneficial bacteria. These include lactobacilli, lactococci, bifidobacteria and a probiotic component. Maxilac should also be taken during the appointment antibacterial agents or to restore parts of the digestive tract after other medications. The drug is available in capsule form for oral use.
The recommended dosage of the drug is one dose immediately after dinner. The duration of therapy is usually four weeks, but in some cases it can be shortened or extended for another 14 days. Taking Maxilac is recommended only from 14 years of age due to its special combined form.
Attention! If there is an urgent need to treat children under the recommended age with this drug, you should first consult with a pediatrician. May cause allergic reactions and additional problems with the digestive system.
Probifor against intestinal disorders and normalization of microflora
This medicine is powerful tool in the fight against food poisoning and serious intestinal infections. It contains a multiple complex of beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli, bifidumbacteria, spore bacilli and others. All this allows you to defeat the disorder without the use of antibacterial drugs.
The drug Probifor is a powerful tool in the fight against food poisoning and serious intestinal infections
Despite such a rapid and fairly aggressive impact on pathogenic microorganisms, Probifor only in exceptional cases caused negative symptoms as allergic reaction. It can be used to treat small and premature babies. Already on the first day, the drug relieves symptoms of intoxication, stops diarrhea, and normalizes the digestion process.
For cupping acute syndrome in adult patients, a regimen is used that involves taking 2 capsules of the medication three times a day for 5 days. At chronic disorders or pathologies functional type treatment involves 2-3 capsules of Probifor three times a day. The duration of therapy is 15 days.
Attention! At acute attacks diarrhea, adult patients may benefit from a more aggressive treatment regimen. It involves taking six Probifor capsules at a time daily for three days.
Enterozermina for intestinal problems
The drug is available in capsule form. Main active substance probiotics are spore bacilli that provide the necessary rapid therapeutic effect. The drug is used to treat patients with damaged intestinal microflora, which ultimately provoked severe dysbiosis and vitamin deficiency against the background of the underlying disease.
There are no obvious contraindications to the use of Enterozermina, with the exception of cases of intolerance active substance And auxiliary components. Can be used during pregnancy and childhood. Adult dosage Enterozermina is 2-3 capsules of medication per day. Taking into account the severity of symptoms and the presence of other diseases and chronic pathologies Your doctor may choose a different regimen for taking the probiotic. The duration of therapy is determined for each patient individually.
Attention! Enterozermina has proven itself well in the treatment and prevention of dysbiosis and disturbances of intestinal microflora during the use of antibacterial agents. The only condition for a normal therapeutic result in this case is a mandatory break between doses of drugs of 1-2 hours.
Yogulact in the treatment of pathogenic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract
Safe, but very effective and fast-acting medicine. Allows you to restore the microflora of damaged mucosa in case of intestinal dysfunction due to poor nutrition, heavy load on the gastrointestinal tract, stress shocks, taking medications and the effects of food allergies.
Yogulact is a synbiotic, which makes it one of the most effective probiotics today that can also be taken during pregnancy. You can take the drug from three months of age. In childhood, only the pediatrician selects the dose and the exact course of therapy. From the age of 14, Yogulact is taken in adult doses, which are 1-2 capsules of the active substance up to three times a day. You can take the probiotic for up to 8 weeks in a row.
Attention! The special composition of Yogulact has a positive effect on the respiratory system and skin. It protects against the development or formation of attacks of bronchial asthma, skin irritation, including atopic dermatitis.
RioFlora for intestinal protection
This drug was created specifically to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal microflora due to the effects of antibiotics. If the first symptoms of dysbacteriosis have already been noted, RioFlor will quickly stop the process of damage to the mucous membrane, populating it with beneficial organisms.
The probiotic contains several types of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which provide lasting and safe results. The drug should be taken strictly from the age of three, adhering to the recommended treatment regimen. It involves taking two capsules of the medication in the morning and evening time. It is advisable to take medication for empty stomach, in the evening this should be done 2-3 hours after dinner.
Attention! If it is not possible to swallow the entire capsule, it can be pre-dissolved in warm milk, yogurt or water. The liquid must not be hot. But to similar methods should be used only in extreme cases.
Bactisubtil for healing the intestinal mucosa
The drug is dispensed in the form of enteric capsules. Main active ingredient The medicine consists of spore bacilli and a small vitamin complex. This thoughtful combination makes it possible to increase the body’s overall resistance to the pathogen and relieve not only the symptoms intestinal disorder, but also weakness and headache. This is possible due to the absorbent function of Baktisubtil, in which rapid decline symptoms of intoxication.
Taking into account the severity of symptoms, Bactisubtil is taken in a dosage of 4-8 capsules of the active substance during the day. The recommended course of therapy is 7-10 days. The probiotic can be used in childhood, but the amount of the active substance must be chosen by the attending physician.
Attention! It is strictly forbidden to take Bactisubtil with hot or warm liquid. To obtain the desired result and prevent the destruction of spore bacilli, the probiotic should be taken an hour before meals, drinking the capsule only with cool water.
If you or your loved ones have signs of dysbiosis, you should identify exact reason disorders and, if necessary, undergo treatment with probiotics. They are one of the safest medicines with minimal potential for side effects. At the same time, there is a significant increase protective functions the body, the overall resistance of the body increases, and signs of the disorder completely disappear. If necessary, probiotics are taken over a long course and can be easily combined with other drugs.
Zatsepilova Tamara Anatolyevna
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov
Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the mobile balance of microflora, which normally populates non-sterile cavities and skin person.
In case of dysbacteriosis, normal microflora does not suppress the activity of pathogenic and putrefactive microorganisms; the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients, intestinal motility are disrupted; vitamin synthesis deteriorates; immunity decreases. The causes of dysbiosis are varied: poor diet, long-term use of medications (antimicrobial, etc.), radiation and chemotherapy, ingestion of toxins from environment(lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.), stress conditions, intestinal infections, surgical interventions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. An imbalance of microflora that occurs in the oral cavity, intestines, genital and urinary organs, manifests itself on the skin with corresponding symptoms. On the contrary, dysbiosis leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, urogenital tract, allergic diseases, increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms.
To restore normal microbioceosis, preparations containing live cultures of microorganisms and various substances, promoting selective stimulation of the growth of beneficial microorganisms.
Indications for the use of drugs that restore normal microflora are diseases and conditions caused by dysbiosis or, on the contrary, leading to dysbiosis: gastrointestinal diseases (diarrhea, constipation, colitis, enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum), respiratory organs, urogenital tract, allergic diseases, long-term use of antibacterial agents, hormones, NSAIDs, acute intestinal infections, food poisoning, malabsorption syndrome, correction of microbiocenosis and prevention of purulent-septic diseases before and after operations on the intestines, liver, pancreas, etc.
PROBIOTICS (EUBIOTICS)
Preparations containing cultures of living microorganisms. Probiotics restore normal microbiocenosis. While in the intestines, they multiply, inhibit pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and create favorable conditions for development normal microflora.
In the presence of probiotics, antibodies (IgA) are induced and the phagocytic function of leukocytes is activated. The microorganisms that make up probiotics are non-pathogenic, non-toxic, and remain viable when passing through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of microorganisms included in probiotic preparations is diverse and therefore they can be conditionally divided into several groups.
1. Monocomponent drugs:
Preparations containing a strain of one type of bacteria.
Colibacterin (Escherichia coli strain M 17), Bifidumbacterin (Bifidobacterium bifidum strain 1).
Preparations containing several strains of bacteria of the same species.
Acylact, Atsipol, Lactobacterin contain a mixture of active strains of lactobacilli.
Sorbed drugs.
This is one of the types of monocomponent drugs in a special dosage form.
Bifidumbacterin forte And Probifor contain bacteria of the active strain Bifidobacterium bifidum No. 1 adsorbed on a carrier - stone activated carbon. Bifidobacteria immobilized on coal particles quickly colonize the mucous membrane of the large intestine and provide high local colonization. The drugs exhibit antagonism to a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, adsorb and remove toxins from the intestines.
2. Multicomponent drugs
They consist of several types of bacteria.
Linux— contains live lyophilized bacteria Bifidobacterium infantis v. liberorum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium. The advantage of Linex is that it can be taken simultaneously with antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents.
Bificol contains a microbial mass of co-grown live bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli.
Bifiform contains Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus faecium.
This combination normalizes the intestinal microflora and ensures the suppression of a significant number of types of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Linex and Bifiform are produced in special capsules, the shell of which is resistant to the action of gastric juice. This releases bacteria directly into the intestines.
3. Competitive drugs
Baktisubtil. It contains bacterial spores Bacillus cereus IP 5832.
The spores are resistant to gastric juice. Germination of bacterial spores occurs in the intestines. Vegetative forms of bacteria produce enzymes that contribute to the formation of an acidic environment, which prevents the processes of decay and excess gas formation. Germination of spores is accompanied by intensive production of antibiotic substances. Bacillus cereus IP 5832 exhibits a pronounced antagonistic effect against bacteria of the genus Proteus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
Enterol contains microorganisms Saccharomyces boulardii, which have a direct antimicrobial effect against wide range bacteria: Clostridium difficile, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida pseudotropicalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphilococcus aureus and protozoa: Entamoeba histolitica, Lambliae.
Bactisporin, Sporobacterin contain a suspension of Bacillus subtilis, which secretes an antibacterial substance - a protein antibiotic that suppresses the development of Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella and other microorganisms.
PREBIOTICS
Various substances that have a positive effect on the growth and activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. Prebiotics do not undergo hydrolysis digestive enzymes humans are not absorbed into upper sections small intestine. They reach lower sections intestines and are absorbed mainly by bifidobacteria, remaining inaccessible to other types of microorganisms.
Prebiotics are xylitol, sorbitol, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, lactulose, lacitol, inulin, valine, arginine, glutamic acid, alimentary fiber. Prebiotics are found in dairy products, corn flakes, cereals, bread, onions, field chicory, garlic, beans, peas, artichokes, bananas, Jerusalem artichokes, etc. They serve as a source of energy for microorganisms. Prebiotics are fermented by bifidobacteria to acetic, lactic and other acids, which leads to a decrease in pH inside the colon and creates unfavorable conditions for the development of other genera of bacteria, such as salmonella. The resulting acidic products and other metabolites suppress the development of putrefactive microflora. As a result, the number of colonies of pathogenic bacteria and toxic metabolites (ammonia, skatole, indole, etc.) decreases. Prebiotics are non-toxic and can be used long-term.
Lactulose(Duphalac, Normaze, Portalac) is a synthetic oligosaccharide consisting of galactose and fructose residues. Lactulose enters colon unchanged. The microflora of the colon hydrolyzes lactulose to form acids (lactic, partially formic and acetic). At the same time, in the colon there is an increase osmotic pressure and the pH value decreases, which leads to the retention of ammonium ions, the transfer of ammonia from the blood to the intestines and its ionization. Against the background of lactulose, there is an active proliferation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli introduced from outside, as well as stimulation of the growth of natural intestinal microflora.
Hilak forte contains a concentrate of metabolic products of normal intestinal microflora (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus). These substances are a source of nutrition for the intestinal epithelium, promote its regeneration and improve function, normalize pH and water-electrolyte balance, help restore normal microflora, and suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The drug stimulates the immune system by increasing the synthesis of IgA.
COMBINED DRUGS (SYNBIOTICS)
These drugs contain probiotics, prebiotics and other substances.
Bifiliz contains bifidobacteria and lysozyme. The latter suppresses the activity of pathogenic microorganisms; against this background, bifidumbacteria begin to actively colonize the intestines.
Normoflorin-L And Normoflorin-B contains live lacto- and bifidobacteria, their cultural habitat (moderately digested casein hydrolysate, peptides, organic acids, vitamins, enzymes), prebiotics - activators of bacterial growth and metabolism that do not decompose in the small intestine and reach the large intestine unchanged.
Polybacterin contains seven species of lacto- and bifidobacteria, skimmed milk and Jerusalem artichoke concentrate.
Restoring microbiocenosis is a long and complex process, so the pharmacist must warn the patient about strict adherence to the dosage regimens of these drugs and all other prescriptions prescribed by the doctor.
This is a condition in which the balance between “beneficial” microorganisms living in the intestines (mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, enterococci and others) is disturbed.
Important
IN last years It has been established that overall health and well-being directly depend on the condition of the intestines. In particular, an imbalance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestines is one of the triggers for fatty liver disease, cholesterol metabolism disorders, and even the appearance of excess weight.Due to deterioration of the intestines and liver, mood and behavior are disturbed. Lethargy, fatigue appears, disappears Vital energy, performance indicators deteriorate immune system, susceptibility to infections increases. Another disease that often accompanies intestinal dysbiosis is food allergy and associated skin rashes.
Test yourself
By what signs can you notice that the microflora is asking for help?
Most often this:
- unstable chair
- feeling of heaviness after eating
- stomach ache
- flatulence
- bad smell from mouth.
On a note
The balance of intestinal microflora must be restored.
For this they can be used special drugs, as well as functional fermented milk products with “live” bifidobacteria introduced into them (bio-yogurts, bio-kefirs, etc.).If you drink them daily, your body will accumulate sufficient quantity living cells of lactic acid bacteria. When provoking factors are eliminated, dysbiosis can be cured in 100% of cases. By the way, self-healing is also possible.
By the way
Most often, dysbiosis develops as a result intestinal infections. Another common reason is the incorrect use of antibiotics, since these drugs (especially broad-spectrum drugs) cannot act selectively: they destroy not only dangerous, but also beneficial microorganisms.
Diet
Stools with dysbacteriosis are often unstable. Therefore, the menu should depend on the “current” symptoms.
For intestinal disorders:
Recommended are zucchini, squash, carrots, cauliflower in boiled and mashed form. Excluded: legumes, spinach, beets. Fruits and berries are limited, allowed - baked apples without peel, blueberry jelly, lingonberry juice.
Among the porridges you should choose rice and oatmeal. It is better to steam meat and fish.For constipation:
The diet includes foods rich in dietary fiber, which have a laxative effect.
Promotes bowel movement fruit juices, sour fruits, carbonated drinks, salty food, mineral water high degree of mineralization.
For flatulence:
Reduce or temporarily eliminate the consumption of legumes, cabbage, sugary foods, whole milk. Increase the amount of protein products: boiled meat, fish. We recommend non-concentrated broths, fish soup, scrambled eggs, boiled or baked potatoes.
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