Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in children. Cardiovascular diseases in children and their prevention

When it comes to children's health, they primarily talk about the dangers and benefits of vaccinations, prevention viral infections, allergies. A healthy heart is, of course, very important, but all this fuss about measuring pressure, maintaining normal level cholesterol ... this, in the view of parents, is the prerogative of grandparents. Let older generation cares about the prevention of heart attacks and strokes. In fact, this opinion is fundamentally wrong.

The key to heart health vascular system is to take care of her throughout her life, starting from the birth of a child. It has been shown that initial changes in the walls of arteries in the form of fatty (lipid) deposits are detected already in the first months of life in 16% of children. After three years, they are found in almost 100%. Another thing is that over time, these changes tend to disappear. However, if created favorable conditions, in place of lipid spots and stripes, atherosclerotic plaques begin to form.

Arteriosclerosis is main reason development of heart attacks and strokes. In children, atherosclerosis does not manifest itself in any way. Symptoms may only occur in adulthood, and then without medical intervention no longer manageable. At the age of 16, 60% of boys and 40% of girls have risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases.

In order for problems with the heart and blood vessels not to overshadow the life of an adult, a number of recommendations should be followed from childhood.

Balanced diet

If the child eats properly, it contributes to the prevention of obesity, maintaining normal blood pressure, the required level of cholesterol and blood glucose. Most big risks the development of obesity in children - in the first year of life, at 5-6 years, during puberty. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 4-6 months is the best care for a newborn baby's heart. At breastfeeding the child himself regulates the amount of food that he needs. Besides, breast milk changes its taste depending on the foods mom eats. Thus, if a woman eats a varied diet, there is a greater chance that the child will favorably accept healthy foods after the introduction of complementary foods.

In the future, it is important that the child's diet is complete and includes products from different groups. The child's menu should contain:

meat and meat products
fish and fish products
milk and dairy products
fruits and vegetables
bread and bakery products
cereals, pasta and legumes
dietary fats
sweets and confectionery

What principles should be observed?

It is important to correctly calculate the proportions, how much and what to include in the diet. Try imagining a "healthy plate" of food for your child. Half of it will consist of vegetables and fruits, a quarter of products with high content starch (potatoes, rice), a quarter - from protein sources (meat, fish, poultry, eggs).

Sugar should be consumed approximately 40 - 50 g, confectionery- 20 - 25 g per day.

You need to minimize your child's salt intake. Constant use salty food is a risk factor for developing arterial hypertension. At the same time, the preference for salty is an acquired habit. Therefore, it is better not to abuse canned meat or fish, salty cheeses, sausages and delicacies.

It is also important to properly organize the ritual of eating. If you forcefully restrict a child in some products, this will only increase their attractiveness. On the contrary, pushing porridge and vegetables into the mouth will only lead to the fact that the child will hate them.

Divide the duties at the table. Your tasks: firstly, to provide a healthy, diverse and good nutrition; secondly, to create a favorable and friendly atmosphere at the table.
The task of the child: to choose what and when, in what quantities to eat. Try to suppress the natural parental desire to force the child to eat “well, at least one more spoonful.”

Another rule to follow: serve positive example. It is much easier to coax a child with the “Do as I do” method rather than “Do as I say”. Stick to yourself healthy eating. This will benefit both you and your child.

Active lifestyle

Problem physical development especially relevant in modern world. The main leisure of children is no longer football in the yard, but computer games. Often the child Kindergarten or the school is taken by car, which makes life much easier, but at the same time eliminates even a small amount of physical activity. To prevent heart problems, children over 2 years of age should get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day. Daily. Of course, it is impossible to force small child perform strictly prescribed exercises. But we are not talking about this. You can walk more, older children can ride a bike. Climb stairs if possible. Helping around the house in active affairs is also physical exercise.

Children from 6 to 17 years of age are recommended to exercise every day for at least 60 minutes. Moreover, if a child is involved in some kind of sport, it is important to focus on participation, and not on winning the competition. Otherwise, failures can push the child away from exercise at all.

Sedentary activities in children should be given no more than 2 hours a day. Of course, if certain habits have already been formed, it is very difficult to switch to healthy lifestyle life. Therefore, the regime should be changed gradually: increase the time allotted for active activities by 30 minutes, and reduce “sedentary” activities by 30 minutes every day.

Unlimited TV viewing is fraught with another problem. Remember what is usually advertised during the day? Sweet cereal, food from restaurants fast food, sweet drinks and candy. No one advertises vegetables and fruits! In this way, sedentary image life is often associated with the formation of cravings for "unhealthy food". All this contributes to the development of obesity and arterial hypertension.

To give up smoking

Yes, yes, you need to think about the problem of smoking in childhood. If one of the parents of a small child smokes, the baby himself becomes a smoker, only passive. In addition, children smoking parents suffer more often bronchopulmonary diseases, otitis. If you couldn't quit smoking for yourself, try it for your child. Already from the age of 8, pediatricians are advised to ask the child if he smokes himself. According to statistics, children from low income families are more likely to smoke. social status. By the way, a lot of pocket money can also push a child to try smoking.

If suddenly you become aware that a child or teenager smokes, you should not punish him, scold, intimidate. It is necessary to present the substantiated facts. If you talk about the risk of getting sick lung cancer in the future, this may not have the desired effect. In a survey, only 5% of adolescents answered that they would smoke in adulthood (in reality, 75% continue to smoke). It's better to tell what people who smoke bad breath, yellow teeth, clothes smell of smoke.

If you smoke yourself, you should not say: "I'm big, I can." It's better to be frank about the fact that you smoke because you can't get rid of the habit. Point out the benefits of quitting smoking: the child will catch fewer colds, his performance in sports will improve, he will look better, he will be able to spend money on more interesting things than cigarettes.

Regular examination

It is important to monitor the indicators, the change of which can serve as a signal that the risk of heart and vascular diseases in a child is increased. In children, it is necessary to determine the content of total cholesterol in the blood. This can be done at the age of 2 to 10 years.

High cholesterol is the reason for more thorough examination child. At the age of 3 years, it is recommended to begin to determine arterial pressure. Its increase is promoted by obesity, excessive salt intake, sedentary image life.

When a baby is born, it is important that parents know their cholesterol levels and blood pressure. If the indicators differ from normal, this is also the reason for a more thorough examination of the child.

The alarm signal is early manifestation cardiovascular diseases in close relatives: grandparents, their brothers and sisters. For men, this is the age of 55 years, for women - 65 years. If the child already has problems with overweight, pressure, increased cholesterol in the blood, it is better to immediately consult a doctor: a pediatrician, a cardiologist, an endocrinologist, a qualified nutritionist.

start taking care of healthy heart your child today. This will help him become active and successful person in future.

21.09.2016

Diseases of cardio-vascular system- this is a problem of all developed countries of the world, including Russia. Diseases of the circulatory system reduce human life expectancy, are the main cause of disability, as well as sudden death. Often the origins of these diseases in adults are in childhood and adolescence. Known Factors risk of coronary heart disease overweight bodies, addiction to smoking, low physical activity - begin to form precisely in childhood and adolescence. Starting in childhood, most of them accompany a person throughout his life.

Doctors have an expression: "Our age is the age of our vessels." This means that the age of a person, his physical activity is determined by the state blood vessels. Good condition The circulatory system largely ensures the health and longevity of a person. Many cardiovascular diseases, as a rule, manifest themselves in old age: hypertension and coronary disease, atherosclerosis. However, worldwide there is a trend towards the rejuvenation of these diseases. The share has increased cardiovascular pathology in children. Vegetative-vascular dystonia, arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias are no longer a rarity in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, if we want to have a healthy society in the future, then preventive measures should start in early childhood.

1. Rational nutrition

Children should have a nutritious diet physiological needs growing organism. Content vegetable fats in the diet should be at least 30% of the total amount of fat. Useful fresh vegetables, fruits, juices, and tonic drinks, extractives and foods containing easily digestible carbohydrates should be limited. Of the trace elements, potassium and magnesium are “loved” by the heart (these are dried fruits, pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant), and sodium (salt) is “unloved”. In a certain part of the population, the cause of the disease is excessive salt intake. Restriction of salt intake (up to 5 g) should primarily apply to those who are obese and have a family history of arterial hypertension.

2. Physical activity

For good health Adults and children over 5 years of age need 30 minutes of moderate daily physical activity and 3-4 times a week for 30 minutes of intense physical activity. An example of a moderate physical activity are:

brisk walking 3 km in 30 minutes;
cycling 8 km in 30 minutes;
dancing at a fast pace for 30 minutes;
basketball, volleyball 30 minutes.

3. Weight control

It is no secret that the number of children with overweight. An obese child is usually a potentially overweight adult. These guys have a number of socio-psychological problems that persist for long years sometimes for a lifetime. Many researchers believe that in the development of obesity great importance has heredity. At overweight both parents have up to 80% of children also have increased weight. There are two factors here: hereditary predisposition and a habit of wrong irrational nutrition conditioned by family traditions. The development of obesity in to a large extent cause overeating and low physical activity. Obesity is based on an imbalance between the intake of energy in the body and its consumption. Nutrition correction, increased physical activity and psychology accounting complete child- the necessary components of the normalization of its weight.

4. Refusal of bad habits

Smoking, drinking beer and alcohol has become the norm for teenagers. In denial bad habits the example of parents is important. It often helps to talk with a teenager about the fact that a different lifestyle is now fashionable. Now it is fashionable not to smoke, but to lead a healthy lifestyle, play sports, fitness!

5. Monitoring the growth and health of the child

If the child or his parents have any complaints, some symptoms are disturbing, and also if heredity is burdened with cardiovascular diseases, then you should, without delay, contact a specialist in the clinic. The doctor will conduct an examination and, if necessary, prescribe necessary examinations. For prevention hypertension important in children and adolescents early detection high blood pressure, staged treatment, long-term medical examination with lifestyle correction.

Diseases of the circulatory system- one of the most acute problems many countries of the world. Diseases of the circulatory system shorten a person's life expectancy, are the main cause of disability, as well as sudden death. According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke, are the leading cause of death in the world. They claim 17.5 million human lives a year. Among the social significant diseases they take first place. Often the origins of these diseases in adults are in childhood and adolescence. Known risk factors for coronary heart disease - overweight, addiction to smoking, low physical activity - begin to form in childhood and adolescence. Starting in childhood, most of them accompany a person throughout his life.

Children are increasingly suffering from adult diseases - arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, rhythm disturbances and even atherosclerosis. These diseases progress and often cause disability at an older age.

Children really have everything “in an adult way”. This is confirmed by the following fact: at present, one of the actual problems pediatric cardiology are violations heart rate and arterial hypertension. Per last years significantly increased the number of children with high and high blood pressure. All these children are under the supervision of specialists. In our city, 20 children were diagnosed with arterial hypertension.
Remember how long ago your child was at the pediatrician's appointment? Has his blood pressure been measured? Did your son or daughter do a cardiogram before going to the sports section?

It would seem that banal questions, but the health and future of the child often directly depend on them. Unlike an adult, children rarely complain of symptoms characteristic of diseases of the cardiovascular system, so a more thorough examination is necessary.

Cardiologists also note that it should be remembered that with a slight severity of the disease, the child for a long time can grow and develop normally, play and run with healthy children. However, late diagnosis of heart disease can lead to severe heart failure in the future.

Experts note that a healthy lifestyle is of great importance in preventing diseases of the heart and vascular system. First of all, you should give up bad habits. The risk of heart disease increases with excess body weight. However, not everyone succeeds in changing their lifestyle, diet. And meanwhile it is necessary for preservation of health. At least 80% of premature deaths from heart attacks and strokes can be prevented by proper nutrition, regular physical activity and abstinence from smoking, as well as maintaining normal weight body.

Lifestyle changes are the best way to prevent complications or reduce the risk of getting heart disease. The main ways to reduce the risk of heart disease should be controlled by the patient himself, and not by doctors.

So, prevention of cardiovascular diseases:

1. Rational nutrition.

Children should have a complete diet that meets the physiological needs of a growing organism. The content of vegetable fats in the diet should be at least 30% of the total fat. Fresh vegetables, fruits, juices are useful, and tonic drinks, extractives and foods containing easily digestible carbohydrates should be limited. Of the trace elements, potassium and magnesium are "loved" by the heart (these are dried fruits, pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant), and sodium (salt) is "unloved". In a certain part of the population, the cause of the disease is excessive salt intake. Restriction of salt intake (up to 5 g) should primarily apply to those who are obese and have a family history of arterial hypertension.

2. Physical activity.

According to American Association cardiologists, for good health, adults and children from 5 years of age need 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily and 30 minutes of intense physical activity 3-4 times a week. An example of moderate physical activity is:

Walking at a fast pace 3 km in 30 minutes;

Biking 8 km in 30 minutes;

Dancing at a fast pace 30 minutes;

Basketball, volleyball 30 minutes.

3. Control over body weight.

It's no secret that the number of overweight children is on the rise. An obese child is usually a potentially overweight adult. These guys have a number of socio-psychological problems that persist for many years, sometimes for life. Many researchers believe that heredity is of great importance in the development of obesity. If both parents are overweight, up to 80% of children are also overweight. Two factors are combined here: hereditary predisposition and the habit of improper, irrational nutrition, due to family traditions. The development of obesity is largely due to overeating and low physical activity. Unfortunately, many parents feed their children incorrectly. The opinion of such parents - " complete baby- a healthy child "is very far from the truth. Obesity is based on an imbalance between the intake of energy in the body and its consumption. Correction of nutrition, increased physical activity and taking into account the psychology of a full child are the necessary components of the normalization of his weight.

4. Refusal of bad habits.

Smoking, drinking beer and alcohol has become the norm for teenagers. In giving up bad habits, the example of parents is important. It often helps to talk with a teenager about the fact that a different lifestyle is now fashionable. Now it is fashionable not to smoke, but to lead a healthy lifestyle, play sports, fitness!

5. Monitoring the growth and health of the child.

If the child or his parents have any complaints, some symptoms are disturbing, and also if heredity is burdened with cardiovascular diseases, then you should, without delay, contact a specialist in the clinic. The doctor will conduct an examination and, if necessary, prescribe the necessary examinations. For the prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents, early detection of elevated blood pressure, staged treatment, and long-term medical examination with lifestyle correction are important.

REMEMBER!
These simple rules help you live without the constant threat of heart disease in the future!

SAVE YOUR HEART!!!

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Diseases of the cardiovascular system in children are not as rare as we would like. Some are already born with them, others develop disorders during their lives due to infectious diseases, adverse factors or heredity.

Most often, children are diagnosed with heart and vascular defects, heart rhythm disturbances, high or low blood pressure. Most of the diseases respond well to treatment, but the prognosis and outcome depends on the timeliness of diagnosis and initiation of therapy.

Features of the cardiovascular system in children

In order to suspect a disease of the heart and blood vessels in a child in time, you need to know age features cardiovascular system in children - what and at what age is the norm, and what is not, what exactly you need to pay attention to.

Children are born with a heart bigger size than in adults (in relation to total mass body), and located higher due to the higher standing of the diaphragm. The sizes of the right and left ventricles are the same immediately after birth, so the shape of the heart during this period is more like a ball. With his age various departments increase unevenly, reaching adult proportions only by the age of 14-15 (see).

In prenatal period blood circulation in the heart is carried out a little differently - due to the functioning of the foramen ovale, arterial and venous ducts. After the birth of a child, they close, on average, within two to four weeks.

The pulse in newborns is normally more frequent than in adults. This is ensured by a more active contractility of the heart muscle and is provided by nature due to the need for more intensive blood circulation for the growth and development of the body. With age, the pulse will slow down.

Table. Pulse rates for children.

Blood pressure in newborn babies is much lower than the norm for adults. Immediately after discharge from the hospital, the upper numbers systolic pressure rarely exceed 70 mm Hg, and by the year they reach only 90 mm Hg.

The final establishment of pressure figures to adult indicators will occur only in the puberty period, since the development of the cardiovascular system in children ends by the age of 16-18.

The lumen of the arteries in newborns is wider than the veins, better developed capillary network, between the coronary (coronary) arteries there is an abundance of anastomoses. This provides a better blood supply to all tissues, organs and systems, but complicates thermoregulation.

Summarizing all of the above, we can state that the structure of the cardiovascular system in children is designed in such a way as to facilitate blood circulation throughout the body, ensuring intensive saturation of all cells. nutrients and oxygen.

How do heart and vascular diseases manifest?

In order to suspect heart problems in a child, you need to know how cardiovascular disease manifests itself in children.

Of course, it is much easier when the child is already big enough, can speak and can complain about what is bothering him. With kids, this is much more difficult. But still, the semiotics of lesions of the cardiovascular system in children is quite extensive, and there are many symptoms that will help to suspect problems without words.

These include:

color of the skin;
dyspnea;
swelling;
murmurs in the heart;
heart rhythm disturbances;
chest pain;
pathological pulsations, etc.

Skin color in heart disease

Changes in skin color in diseases of the heart and blood vessels are the first sign. At first, her blanching is observed, but still main symptom- cyanosis.

First of all, the blue tint acquires nasolabial triangle. Therefore, when cyanosis appears on the lips and the tip of the nose, it is necessary to show the child to a cardiologist. In the future, the blue spreads to the entire face, neck, upper part chest.

Cyanosis can also occur on the arms and legs - acrocyanosis. This symptom also needs to be paid attention, as it can be a sign of insufficiency of peripheral circulation.

Dyspnea

It is also one of the first symptoms of heart disease. testifies to congestion in the pulmonary circulation. Shortness of breath can occur only during physical exertion and prolonged crying, and maybe at rest (a very unfavorable sign). Therefore, noticing too rapid breathing in a child, it will not be superfluous to show it to a doctor.

Edema

Pastosity and swelling lower extremities always accompanied by cardiovascular disease. They indicate circulatory failure, most often due to insufficient work of the right ventricle.

Murmurs in the heart

Heart murmurs during auscultation are caused by a violation of blood flow due to various deformations and anomalies in the structure of the heart. Noises can be diastolic and systolic, functional and organic. Systolic murmurs more often they are functional in nature, that is, they are not associated with disorders in the structure of the heart.

Diastolic murmur mainly occurs when organic pathologies- congenital malformations, stenosis, valve insufficiency, etc. In any case, the nature and cause of the heart murmur will be determined by the doctor, and based on these signs, he will be able to suggest a diagnosis.

Heart rhythm disorders

With heart disease in children, there may be an increase or decrease in heart rate, as well as arrhythmias. It must be borne in mind that tachycardia is not always a sign of disease.

It often occurs in emotional children during the period of experiences, during the transitional age, with stress, prolonged crying. Bradycardia may occur during sleep or in children who are actively involved in sports.

Chest pain

Pain of a cardiogenic nature is characterized by localization behind the sternum and irradiation in left hand, spatula, lower jaw. They can be pressing or cutting.

Babies up to a year old cannot say that something hurts them, but this is indicated by frequent and causeless crying, refusal to eat, and anxiety. Shouldn't be ignored similar symptoms, it is better to be safe and consult a doctor.

Pathological pulsations

Due to violations in the structure of the heart, its various departments and some vessels lie increased load, due to which visible pathological pulsations appear on the body. May swell and pulsate carotid arteries, veins on the neck, vessels in the stomach, in the intercostal space to the right and left of the sternum, in the jugular fossae and other places.

Heart trembling ("cat's purr") is a type of pathological pulsations. Occurs with aortic stenosis or pulmonary artery. Due to the intense work of the heart in the area of \u200b\u200bits apex, a “heart hump” can form - a bulge in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ribs due to an increased apical impulse.

What diseases of the heart and blood vessels occur in children

Congenital and acquired malformations, arrhythmias (cardiac arrhythmias), high blood pressure are the most common diseases of the heart and blood vessels in children.

Malformations of the heart and blood vessels

Congenital malformations of the heart and blood vessels in children develop in utero as a result of:

genetic mutations;
chromosomal disorders;
infectious and other diseases of the mother during pregnancy;
taking some medicines during childbearing;
maternal malnutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation;
hereditary predisposition.

Development risk birth defects increases with the age of the future parents. But this disease can also be acquired, since the peculiarities of the development of the cardiovascular system in children suggest the final formation of all its organs by the end. puberty. Acquired heart defects are the most common cause infectious diseases(flu, rheumatism), metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases.

There are more than 100 possible vices development of the heart and blood vessels, but more often in children there are:

defects of the interventricular and interatrial septa;
stenosis of the valve of the pulmonary artery;
aortic valve stenosis;
common arterial trunk;
tetrad of Fallot;
coarctation of the aorta;
open aortic duct and others.

Schemes of hemodynamic disorders in various heart defects can be seen in the photo below.

All of them are in varying degrees are treatable, but in most cases surgery is required as soon as possible. More about surgical options in solving such problems, you can learn from the video in this article.

It should be noted that the most common cardiac diagnosis is an open oval window- does not pose a risk to the life and health of small patients in most cases. Normally, this hole closes in the first month of life, but in some children it may remain partially open until adulthood. At the same time, no unpleasant symptoms and phenomena of heart failure occur.

Arrhythmias in children

Cardiac arrhythmias represent the second group of common heart diseases in children. Most of them are not dangerous, and many are observed in healthy children under various physiological conditions.

For example, tachycardia occurs with vivid emotional experiences and during physical exertion, and bradycardia can manifest itself in a dream. But there are also dangerous arrhythmias, the treatment of which cannot be delayed.

These include:

atrial fibrillation;
ventricular extrasystole;
paroxysmal tachycardia;
sick sinus syndrome;
atrioventricular block and others.

With the aim of timely detection cardiac arrhythmias in all children during a dispensary examination, an ECG is performed, since many arrhythmias are clinically manifested for the first time by situations life threatening children.

Arterial hypertension

In children, arterial hypertension is almost never found. But this disease is often faced by adolescent children.

The causes of childhood arterial hypertension lie in:

congenital malformations of the heart and blood vessels ( high blood pressure in these cases, it is also observed in babies);
thrombosis and stenosis of the renal arteries,
parenchymal diseases of the kidneys;
endocrine diseases;
injuries and diseases of the central nervous system;
tumors, etc.

In addition to pressure surges, adolescents are often observed. This pathology is not dangerous, but for its unpleasant symptoms you can see the development of heart disorders, so do not neglect regular dispensary examinations even in the absence of obvious problems. The price of negligence in this matter may subsequently be too high.

Clinical examination of children with diseases of the heart and blood vessels

Medical examination of children with cardiovascular diseases is carried out in the clinic by a local therapist and a cardiologist. The instruction requires examination of such children twice a year. But depending on the type of pathology and degree cardiovascular insufficiency, dispensary observation may be done more frequently.

In children with diseases of the heart and blood vessels, it is necessary to eradicate foci in time chronic infections Therefore, they need regular check-ups with a dentist, an otorhinolaryngologist, and a gastroenterologist. If possible, all children with diseases of the cardiovascular system should undergo Spa treatment Twice a year.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels in children - serious pathologies requiring immediate treatment. In the case of non-dangerous violations, regular monitoring and examination is necessary in order to notice the deterioration of the situation in time. The activity of the cardiovascular system of children directly depends on their emotional status, as it is regulated by hormones and neural connections.

Therefore, it is necessary to take care not only of the immediate condition of children, but also protect them from experiences, ensuring a calm childhood in a cozy environment among loving people. it best pledge their continued health!

Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Diseasesof cardio-vascular system - this is a problem of all developed countries of the world, including Russia. Diseases of the circulatory system shorten a person's life expectancy, are the main cause of disability, as well as sudden death. Often the origins of these diseases in adults are in childhood and adolescence. Known risk factors for coronary heart disease - overweight, addiction to smoking, low physical activity - begin to form in childhood and adolescence. Starting in childhood, most of them accompany a person throughout his life.

Doctors have an expression: "Our age is the age of our vessels." This means that the age of a person, his physical activity is determined by the state of the blood vessels. The good condition of the circulatory apparatus largely ensures the health and longevity of a person. Many cardiovascular diseases, as a rule, manifest themselves in old age: hypertension and ischemic diseases, atherosclerosis. However, worldwide there is a trend towards the rejuvenation of these diseases. The proportion of cardiovascular pathology in children has increased. Vegetative-vascular dystonia, arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances are no longer a rarity in childhood and adolescence. AT Kirov region the prevalence of arterial hypertension among the adult population over the past 10 years has increased by 2 times, and among adolescents by 10 times. Therefore, if we want to have a healthy society in the future, then preventive measures should begin in early childhood.

So, prevention:

1. Rational nutrition .

2. Physical activity.

According to the American Heart Association, adults and children 5 years of age and older need 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily and 30 minutes of vigorous exercise 3-4 times a week for good health. An example of moderate physical activity is:

Walking at a fast pace 3 km in 30 minutes;

Biking 8 km in 30 minutes;

Dancing at a fast pace 30 minutes;

Basketball, volleyball 30 minutes.

3. Control over body weight.

It's no secret that the number of overweight children is on the rise. An obese child is usually a potentially overweight adult. These guys have a number of socio-psychological problems that persist for many years, sometimes for life. Many researchers believe that heredity is of great importance in the development of obesity. If both parents are overweight, up to 80% of children are also overweight. Two factors are combined here: hereditary predisposition and the habit of improper, irrational nutrition, due to family traditions. The development of obesity is largely due to overeating and low physical activity. Unfortunately, many parents feed their children incorrectly. The opinion of such parents - "a full child is a healthy child" - is very far from the truth. Obesity is based on an imbalance between the intake of energy in the body and its consumption. Correction of nutrition, increased physical activity and taking into account the psychology of a full child are the necessary components of the normalization of his weight.

4. Refusal of bad habits.

5. Monitoring the growth and health of the child.

If the child or his parents have any complaints, some symptoms are disturbing, and also if heredity is burdened with cardiovascular diseases, then you should, without delay, contact a specialist in the clinic. The doctor will conduct an examination and, if necessary, prescribe the necessary examinations. For the prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents, early detection of elevated blood pressure, staged treatment, and long-term medical examination with lifestyle correction are important.

These rules will help you live without the constant threat of heart disease in the future.