Cholesterol plaques in the vessels of the brain treatment. Cerebral atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Chronic illness, characterized by the formation of plaques in the vessels, which is caused by lipid metabolism disorders.

When the disease is narrowing cerebral arteries, leading to a deterioration in the blood supply to the brain and a lack of nutrition of the tissues of this most important organ.

Most of them suffer from atherosclerosis. elderly people older than 60 years, but cases of the disease are diagnosed in people of average and even young age.

The insidiousness of this serious illness lies in the fact that at its beginning a person does not notice anything special: basically he only expresses complaints about periodic tinnitus and dizziness.

Atherosclerosis is dangerous precisely because of its progression, because if measures are not taken in time, then the risk of developing a stroke is high, as well as the rapid transition of the disease to the stage of dementia (dementia).

It is impossible to cure atherosclerosis that has affected the cerebral vessels, but it is more than realistic to slow down its development and reduce the severity of symptoms.

Signs of the disease

Changes in the well-being of a sick person on initial stage usually noticeable only to himself, and then to others.

First stage characterized by weakness, memory impairment and difficulty switching from one activity to another. There are no particular changes in behavior yet, but mood swings often occur.

At the second stage there is malice, irascibility, tantrums for no reason. The person is often in bad mood, does not want to work or play.

In some cases, on the contrary, there is an unhealthy euphoria. Suspiciousness and incredulity are added to all the symptoms. The patient is looking for symptoms of cancer or some other deadly disease, goes to doctors and is offended if nothing is found with him.

He also begins to suspect relatives and neighbors of "conspiracies" against him, invents incredible stories. The speech of a sick person becomes illegible, there is trembling of the limbs and difficulty in eating.

The third stage is most often leads to dementia. It is characterized by the loss of short-term memory, although the patient remembers the events of the past relatively well. There is inaccuracy in everyday life and the loss of self-criticism. For example, a person can turn on gas, electricity, water and go outside.

In the stage of dementia, the patient is a danger to himself and others if he is not looked after; eventually the ability to self-service is lost. Possible momentary loss hearing or vision, the risk of paralysis or stroke is very high.

Treatment of atherosclerosis will bring positive effect and stop the growth of plaques in the vessels if it started at the first or second stage. Last stage, unfortunately, is usually hopeless and the prognosis is unfavorable.

Common Symptoms

Clinical manifestations do not occur all at once and develop gradually. As the disease progresses, new symptoms are added that significantly impair the patient's quality of life and his inner circle. So, what are external manifestations characterized by atherosclerosis?

• pain in the head of varying intensity and duration;
• tinnitus, temporary hearing loss, dizziness;
• excessive anxiety, nervousness and suspicion;
• rapid fatigue and decreased performance;
• impaired coordination of movements and their slowness;
• not always intelligible speech and the inability to clearly formulate thoughts;
• swallowing disorder;
• exacerbation negative traits character, sometimes to the point of absurdity.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order to diagnose a patient, it is important for a specialist to know not only clinical picture diseases (complaints, symptoms), but to have information about the state of the vessels obtained from the input of various instrumental methods research.

During the interview, the doctor finds out if the patient has the following symptoms:

• Frequent headaches that disturb the patient constantly and especially with severe overexertion;
• Dizziness;
• The presence of noise in the ears and small "flies" before the eyes;
• Restless and difficult sleep;
• Increased sweating and flushing of the face and neck;
• Unclear gait;
• Increased excitability, or vice versa, slow reaction and movement, speech;
• Memory problems.

In addition to these complaints, the specialist may receive information that the patient leads an inactive lifestyle smokes heavily, abuses alcohol, or suffers from endocrine diseases, overweight.

To obtain an additional information picture of the disease, ultrasound is used: it can be used to establish the stage of development of the pathology.

• Ultrasound examination of extracranial nerves (duplex scanning);
• Transcranial dopplerography (studies using ultrasound of the intracranial vessels of the brain);
• Angiographic study. During it, a contrast agent is injected into the vessel, which helps to assess the degree of wall density. This method is an addition to the main methods of examination.

These techniques are painless, safe and very informative. In addition, the use of MRI, EEG is appropriate.

Are used laboratory research(blood and urine sampling, blood biochemistry): tests make it possible to fully assess the state of health and determine the level of cholesterol.

Progressive atherosclerosis

In a state where atherosclerosis is rapidly progressing, the patient's health condition is sharply aggravated: all symptoms become pronounced.

Sleep problems, headaches are accompanied by mental lability, depressive states, attention problems and increasing memory impairment. Dizziness begins to disturb when changing the position of the body: from horizontal to vertical.

Such a patient may lose the ability to reproduce speech or lose sight.

In favor of the progression of atherosclerosis may speak loss of sensitivity various parts body, paralysis

If the symptoms are aggravated in this way, then this indicates in favor of the necrosis of the brain cells and irreversible changes in the brain.

Treatment Methods

The main condition for treatment is elimination of risk factors. This implies that the patient should adjust his diet and lifestyle. Concerning medications , then they are prescribed by the attending physician according to individual scheme reception. Surgery may be performed as indicated.

Often atherosclerosis caused by too much cholesterol. Therefore, the patient should exclude from the diet all products where this substance is contained in large quantities - lard, fatty meat, butter, egg yolks, etc.

Shown to be used in significant amount fiber, which can be obtained from cereals and raw vegetables.

Healthy lifestyle helps to ease the symptoms of atherosclerosis and improve oxygen supply to the brain. It is highly recommended to spend more time on fresh air, quit tobacco, avoid stress and organize optimal mode work and rest. Treatment of hypertension and bringing pressure back to normal is also an indispensable condition for therapy.

Medical treatment disease includes drugs that eliminate various reasons the development of atherosclerosis and aimed at "inhibition" of the process of growth of plaques in the vessels of the brain, normalization of blood circulation and the state of the arteries:

• Statins (Mertonil, Atoris, Zocor, Liprimar)- to reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and stop the growth of atherosclerotic plaques. Taken in the indicated dosage once a day for 2-3 months. They have a lot of side effects and therefore are shown to patients only with severe lesions of the cerebral vessels.
• Antiplatelet agents (cardiomagnyl, thrombo ass)- to thin the blood and prevent the appearance of blood clots.
• sequestrants bile acids - are ion exchange resins for bonding fatty acids in the body, as a result of which cholesterol does not enter the blood;
• Fibrates (fenofibrate)- to reduce the level of triglycerides. Their reception is a course, under constant medical supervision.
• Nicotinic acid and derivatives- to lower general level cholesterol and triglycerides and an increase in dense lipoproteins that are beneficial to the body.
• Preparations for lowering blood pressure . They must be taken daily, since against the background of a "jumped" pressure in patients with atherosclerosis, the likelihood of a stroke and subsequent disability increases many times over.
• Antidepressants and sedatives(if necessary) - if the patient has blues and anxiety.

Surgical intervention is an obligatory aspect of the treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis, if identified high risk clogging of vital arteries in the brain.

The traditional operation is called endarectomy. An incision is made in the skin to open access to the affected vessel, while the blood flow is blocked in the desired area. The vessel wall is cut and life threatening plaque is eliminated. The vessel is sutured and then successively other tissues.

Endoscopic method of operation much more modern and does not leave behind scars. A special device, the endoscope is inserted into large vessel, then under control reaches the site of narrowing of the artery. A stent is placed there to expand the lumen and allow blood to continue to circulate freely.

Exercise for sickness

Gymnastics with such a diagnosis is used when the disease is at the 1st and 2nd stages of development. Classes will have their own characteristics and before they start you will need to consult with your doctor.

A set of exercises is better spend in the morning or afternoon(after 2 hours after eating). All movements should be performed smoothly, without sharpness. It is necessary to complicate and introduce new elements gradually.

Not recommended while exercising sharp turns head, pulling it back, strong rotations, long tilts of the body down, rapid jumps. All of these exercises can cause dizziness or fainting.

Physical activity is aimed at strengthening blood vessels and the cardiac system, at preventing stagnation in the bloodstream, correct breathing. During classes, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pulse, breathing, the work of the heart and general condition. If the head starts to hurt, the pulse is difficult to control, there are pain in the heart, then the training should be suspended for a while.

Diet and Nutrition

A patient with atherosclerosis should exclude from his daily diet the use of smoked meats, canned food, sweets, animal fats. On the menu bound to prevail fresh vegetables and fruit, seafood.

The patient should give up chocolate, coffee, milk with a high percentage of fat. In the diet, you can include tinctures from strawberries, eleutherococcus, juices from cranberries and other fresh berries.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional medicine offers to cope with atherosclerosis with the help of herbal preparations based on medicinal valerian, St. John's wort, swamp cudweed. Such solutions are recommended to drink 0.5 cups twice a day. Taking these fees helps eliminate vascular spasms, as well as relieve nervous tension.

Actual use of potato juice: for headaches, a quarter cup. Blackcurrant juice is also drunk in a quarter cup three times a day.

Applies also Apple vinegar : mix 1 teaspoon of it with a teaspoon of honey and use it once a day for headaches.

A mixture of grated apple and garlic also helps to cope with the symptoms of atherosclerosis. Half an apple is mixed with a clove of garlic, which was previously grated, and then the resulting slurry is taken as follows: 1 tablespoon three times a day.

Disease prevention

To protect yourself from atherosclerosis, you need to do sports in a dosed manner (swimming in the pool, cycling) or include in your daily routine hiking on air, morning exercises, hardening.

You also need to get rid of bad habits, in a timely manner to treat chronic diseases associated with the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
Gotta try follow the regime of work and rest, avoid stress.

Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels is a steadily progressing systemic lesion vessels located in the corresponding organ. In medicine, you can find other definitions of this disease, for example, atherosclerosis of the cerebral type or atherosclerotic lesion. cerebral vessels but the essence remains the same. The work of the central nervous system is violated, which gradually leads to irreversible consequences.

The etiopathogenetic mechanism for the development of cerebral atherosclerosis is associated with metabolic disorders of a protein-lipid nature, with damage to the intima of brain vessels by their decay products and directly by the fatty complexes themselves, with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

According to statistics, in the vessels of the brain, atherosclerosis most often affects the arteries of the subcortical nodes, the arteries of the thalamus and the pons. In most cases, formations are formed according to the type of fibrous plaques, lipoidosis is less common.

Men are more affected than women. In them, serious atherosclerotic changes begin to affect the vessels of the brain 10 years earlier. However, at an older age (after 55 years and older), both women and men are approximately equally affected by this pathology of the cerebral vessels. The statistics point inexorably to the fact that last years everything is celebrated more sick people of young age, hardly reached 30 years.

In addition, certain atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral vessels are most often observed in people who suffer from.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Among obvious signs, indicating the development pathological lesion cerebral vessels can be distinguished:

A pronounced decrease in memory, which manifests itself in forgetting events that occurred in recent times. At first, memory impairments make themselves felt episodically, they are especially noticeable only after a mental and physical fatigue. As atherosclerosis progresses, the dips become more noticeable, but memory for past events is retained for a long time.

decline mental performance, which manifests itself in the form of rapid fatigue. The patient is not able to focus his attention on a certain object for a long time, to concentrate his own thoughts.

Emotional lability is another frequent sign atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. At the same time, the mood of a person is characterized by instability, variability. That is, even minor events lead to the appearance of a brightly colored emotional reaction. Most often, such people are tearful, prone to and increased anxiety, they often have fears for their own health, there is a lack of self-confidence.

Often patients complain about regular.

Frequent companions of this type of cerebrovascular disease are also frequent. They differ in that they occur during the period when a person changes his position from horizontal to vertical. That is, to put it simply, he gets out of bed, and not even with a jerk, but rather slowly.

As the disease progresses, pronounced changes in a person’s personality can be observed, his behavior changes, and mental disorders are not uncommon.

Epilepsy is another bright symptom progressive cerebral atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, observed in older people. It is expressed in the occurrence of convulsive seizures.

Senestopathy, as symptoms of cerebral atherosclerosis, manifests itself in the fact that a person complains of tingling in the face, numbness of the legs, and the appearance of heat in the occipital region.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration or periodic breathing, which is characterized certain cycles: shallow breaths are replaced by deep ones, after the seventh breath, breathing again becomes rare, then there is a pause and the cycle repeats. Most often, such breathing is observed when atherosclerosis affects the arteries that feed the medulla oblongata.

Ataxia is more often observed with damage to the arteries that feed the cerebellum or vestibular apparatus. It is expressed in the inconsistency of the movements of various muscles, in the loss of balance when walking and standing, in the inaccuracy and awkwardness of movements, while the strength of the limbs is not lost.

In addition, patients in varying degrees manifest speech, auditory and visual impairments, as well as transient paralysis.

Often it is difficult for the patient to endure loud sounds, an irritable reaction to light may occur.

It is advisable to distribute symptoms in atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels over several periods, for a clearer understanding of the progression of the disease:

The first stage is characterized by pseudo-neurosthenic manifestations with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, sleep disorders, intolerance to bright light, loud sound, decreased performance and other manifestations of a similar nature.

The second stage of the development of the disease is marked by more pronounced clinical manifestations, with the development of depression, anxiety-delusional symptoms, and confusion.

The third stage is characterized by the development of dementia with severe memory impairment. Dementia is formed on the background organic lesions brain atherosclerosis. A person becomes helpless, disorientation in time may occur, however, generally accepted norms of behavior remain intact. long time.

An important symptom that both the patients themselves and their relatives with cerebral atherosclerosis should be aware of is cerebral or. It is accompanied by headaches, and quite intense, there may be weakness in one upper or lower limb. Often the crisis is accompanied by visual and speech disorders. As a rule, it lasts up to 2 days, and then the patient's condition stabilizes. If the symptoms do not go away after this time period, then it makes sense to assume that these manifestations are signs.

After the crisis, the patient is complacent, may be in a euphoric state, while all interests are reduced to everyday issues, and normal performance is lost.

The factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis localized in the vessels of the brain are identical to the risks that form atherosclerosis of any blood tract. It is important to remember that any atherosclerotic plaque can develop over several decades.

Influence rapid progression pathological process may:

Smoking. World Organization health claims that it is the intake of tobacco smoke becomes a factor that provokes the development of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. Its action is multifactorial, but most dangerous effect the narrowing of the arteries of the brain and the gradual loss of their elasticity are considered.

Increased blood pressure. If arterial hypertension remains without proper therapeutic effect for a long time, then this leads to compaction and narrowing blood vessels brain, resulting in an increased risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation and stroke.

Diabetes. With the development of the disease, there is a violation of the processing in the body of not only glucose, but also lipids, which ultimately have pernicious influence to the vessels of the brain. In addition, it leads to an increase in blood pressure. Combined with existing arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing pathological vascular lesions by 4 times.

Obesity. In people with overweight body, as a result of a violation of the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, there is a stable increase in cholesterol in the blood, which is a powerful factor provoking the development of atherosclerosis. And the problem overweight relevant at this point in time, according to statistics, about 25% of the Russian population suffers from obesity. Moreover, these people are of working age.

High blood cholesterol. Regardless of what leads to an increase in its amount, the risk of developing cerebral atherosclerosis increases several times. The danger increases especially against the background of stable advanced level LDL.

To belong to male gender or a gender reason. It is at the age of 60 that men are more likely to receive a diagnosis of cerebral atherosclerosis. Although after a woman passes menopause, the chances of suffering from atherosclerosis of the brain are equal. This is due to the fact that the level of estrogens, which inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in female body decreases significantly after menopause.

Heredity. If the family had relatives who early age suffered from cerebral atherosclerosis, the risk of a similar pathology increases significantly.

Meals with high content saturated fat negatively affects the state of blood vessels, including the brain. This, first of all, leads to an increase in cholesterol levels and the rapid growth of atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, if there is hereditary predisposition, a high-fat diet can trigger an increased action of existing genes responsible for increasing levels. As a result, its synthesis will acquire an anomalous character.

Minimum physical activity or hypodynamia- one of the most powerful factors in the progression of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. Any load: walking, running, swimming - accelerates the excretion of HDL from the body and contributes to the prevention of the disease.

Age is a factor provoking the development of pathology, which cannot be excluded. The first fatty spots on the vessels are found already at the age of 10 years, and they become most pronounced on average by the age of 50. This is due both to the action of other provocative causes, and to the slowing down of metabolic fat, carbohydrate, vitamin processes in the body. There are also malfunctions, endocrine gland, liver, multiple past infections etc.

Stress and bad habits in general, are the cause of many diseases, and cerebral atherosclerosis is no exception.

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In order to establish the presence of a lesion, it is often necessary to visit several specialists. Indeed, often in addition to neurological disorders The patient complains of hearing and vision disorders. Moreover, often clinical symptoms are not observed at all, or the person does not attach due importance to them, and the first serious reason for complex diagnostics becomes in best case brain crisis, and at worst a stroke.

If atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels is suspected, the patient should be redirected from any specialist to a neurologist. Further clarification of the diagnosis and the necessary research for this are assigned to them. In the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease at this point in time, methods based on ultrasound predominate.

So that it was placed accurate diagnosis, the patient can be referred to:

duplex scanning. First of all, this study provides information about the state of the extracranial arteries that feed the brain. In conjunction with ultrasound examination cranial arteries, doctors get a fairly complete picture of having atherosclerosis. This kind of study allows you to assess the degree of narrowing of the vessel, to determine the nature of the existing atherosclerotic plaque.

Transcranial doppleography- a study that allows you to assess the state of intracranial vessels.

Angiographic study cerebral vessels. This is one of the varieties of x-ray methods. It is known that the vessels are not visible on the X-ray, so the angiographic study involves the introduction contrast agent intravenously. However, due to the high traumatism, this method can only be carried out according to strict indications.

Method computed tomography used primarily in patients who have had a stroke. It is necessary to clarify the affected area and determine tactics further treatment cerebral atherosclerosis.

Additionally, an immunological blood tests and cholesterol levels.

Magnetic resonance therapy also used to study the state of cerebral vessels and gives the most exact information about existing atherosclerotic plaques. However, not every clinic has a tomograph at its disposal, so this research method is not as popular as research conducted using ultrasound.

If, according to the results of the studies, the neurologist sees that vasoconstriction exceeds 50%, then the patient without fail sent for a consultation and possible additional examination to a vascular surgeon. He re-evaluates the condition of the admitted patient and then decides on the cost-effectiveness of the surgical intervention.

Treatment of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Therapy of this pathology is a long, and most often, lifelong process. This problem is solved by a neurologist whose duties include identifying people with similar problems, assessing the severity of the disease and implementing conservative therapy. First of all, it is designed to improve the blood supply to the brain, to prevent arterial thrombosis.

With regard to therapy with medicines, then modern scheme The impact comes down to:

Antiplatelet therapy, which aims to reduce the risk ischemic stroke. Drugs used for this purpose: acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. However, a hemostasis study is required beforehand.

For improvement nervous regulation work of the endocrine gland, sedatives or, conversely, tonics are used. It can be thyroidin, as well as small doses of estrogen.

In parallel, drugs are used to lower blood cholesterol levels. These can be statins (which prevent the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, reduce LDL and increase HDL) - lovastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, as well as fibrates (reducing cholesterol and triglycerides) - gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate. In addition, anion exchange resins or bile acid sequestrants are prescribed, which promote the excretion of cholesterol, examples of these agents: hestyramine, colestipol. Reduce absorption of cholesterol small intestine ezetimibe, atromid, miscleron, etc. will help.

Iodine and diosponin preparations will help reduce cerebral ischemic disorders. In addition, calcium iodine, potassium iodide or iodine solution can be prescribed for the same purpose. Drugs are taken in courses to exclude iodism.

To solve a therapeutic, rather than a preventive problem, use high doses ascorbic acid, as well as B vitamins (B2, B6), significantly exceeding the daily requirement.

Besides, in complex therapy patients are prescribed drugs aimed at preventing the development of circulatory disorders. These can be coronary lytics, as well as agents that dilate arteries and anticoagulants in case of a threat of blood clots.

When hemodynamically significant stenoses are detected, either complete blockage of the arteries, or unstable plaques, vascular surgeon decides on the need for surgical intervention. Modern medicine has reached significant heights on the issue of holding recovery operations on blood vessels, including the brain.

Currently available the following types surgical impact:

Endarterectomy. Based on the fact that fatty growth is eliminated open method. To do this, a skin incision is made to gain access to the clogged vessel. After that, the surgeon stops the blood flow in this place, the wall circulatory pathway breaks down quickly and body fat removed. After such manipulations, the surgeon can only sew up the damaged area with a vascular suture. In this way, plaques on extracranial vessels can be removed.

Stents and balloons. Stents and balloons are used to eliminate atherosclerotic formation on intracranial vessels. That is, endoscopic removal of atherosclerotic plaque is necessary. To do this, the endoscope with a stent is inserted into the widest vessel, and then, under constant monitoring with the help of X-rays, it is advanced to the place where there is a narrowing of the artery due to the presence of plaque. It is there that the stent is installed, which, by increasing the lumen of the vessel, restores the flow of blood through it.

It should be understood that cerebral atherosclerosis is classified as chronic diseases Therefore, the treatment is most often lifelong. Depending on how timely the diagnosis was made and treatment started, the prognosis will also depend. In the practice of neurologists, extensive forms of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels are known, which, nevertheless, allowed people not only to live for a long time, but also to remain efficient. However, it is not uncommon for the first clinical manifestation this disease ends with a stroke and lethal outcome for a person. So important role doctors separate timely diagnosis disease and its qualified treatment.

Neurologist M.M. Sperling in the lecture "How to treat cerebral atherosclerosis?"

Diet for atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

It is impossible to get rid of the pathology of the vessels of the brain or prevent attacks of exacerbation of the disease without observing a certain diet. As a dietary option, doctors recommend a series of tables that are tailored to the basic needs of a sick person.

However, each of them is based on several principles:

For patients who are overweight and for those whose body weight is not below normal, it is worth reducing the calorie content of food consumed per day. The reduction should be 10 to 15% of total calories.

Reducing, up to the complete exclusion from the diet of foods containing animal fats and a large amount of cholesterol. First of all, it is about egg yolks, caviar, brains, fatty meat and fish.

Reducing the volume of products containing large volumes in their composition.

Limiting the amount of salt consumed.

Refusal of rich broths and fish soup.

The use of foods that are rich in lipotropic substances. It can be cottage cheese, herring (but only thoroughly soaked), oatmeal, cod.

Menu use vegetable oils, not only sunflower, but also corn, linen, cotton.

Consuming a large amount of raw fruits and vegetables.

Introduction unloading days, especially if there is excess weight. It can be kefir, cottage cheese, apple, oat and other types of mini-diets for one day.

Do not forget about proteins, they should be at least 30 g in the daily menu. Sources can be: fish, eggs, meat, milk-containing products with a low percentage of fat content.

In particular, for the treatment of atherosclerotic cerebral vascular pathology, it may be suitable therapeutic diet at number 10. Its purpose is to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, improve blood circulation. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the patient is offered to limit the amount of fluid consumed to 1.5 liters per day. We are talking not only about tea or coffee, but also about water. The maximum number of kilocalories per day should not be more than 2500, and if a sick person is obese, this figure is reduced by 700 kcal. At the same time, the products do not salt during cooking, they cannot be fried. Meals are divided into six approaches.

With atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels, the diet will have to be followed for a long time, perhaps even throughout life. Therefore, it is worth getting used to the consumption of foods such as oatmeal, cabbage, garlic, cottage cheese. A properly designed nutritional plan can not only alleviate the patient's condition, but also serve as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent.

Prevention of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Preventive measures of this disease should be not only primary, but also secondary. This is due to the fact that similar pathology has the property of flowing in waves, active phases go into the process of regression and vice versa. Therefore, it is so important with the help of prevention not only to prevent the disease itself, but also to stop its progression. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the patient does not experience on his own health possible complications this pathology.

It is worth noting that primary prevention should be massive. In this regard, the following measures are effective:

Measures aimed at protecting the environment;

Noise reduction in cities and enterprises;

Providing workers with proper conditions for recreation, shortening the working week;

Sanitary and educational work from adolescence;

propaganda healthy lifestyle life and occupation physical culture(at the same time, a person must be aware of the harm caused by hypodynamia);

Compliance with the regime of work and rest;

Full sleep;

Stay in preventive health institutions;

Compliance with the diet and its diversity;

Exclusion of bad habits and, first of all, smoking.

In addition, it is necessary to promptly treat diseases that ultimately lead to the development of cerebral atherosclerosis. First of all, we are talking about pathologies. thyroid gland about hypothyroidism and diabetes. It is equally important to normalize metabolic processes that occur in the body, as a slow metabolism leads to excess weight.

Those people who in the family have relatives with early development atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, it is necessary to more carefully monitor own food, limit the intake of animal fats. When diagnosing a violation of lipid metabolism, it is necessary to take iodine preparations for prophylactic purposes.

Instrumental examination of blood vessels after the age of 40 is excellent remedy prevention and early detection atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels.

Concerning secondary prevention first of all, it is aimed at preventing the progression of the disease. It includes both all measures from primary prevention, and adherence to a dietary diet, the use of drug treatment. We must not forget the important role played by adequate exercise and physical therapy.

It is important to remember that, despite the development modern medicine, cerebral atherosclerosis is a serious problem leading to high mortality among the population. Therefore, the disease is much easier, if not completely preventable, then significantly delay its development with the help of preventive measures.