Rehabilitation centers for children with cerebral palsy. Clinics - charitable foundation for helping children "Step Together

Effective rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy includes a set of measures. Attention is paid not only to the physical, but also to the mental development of the child, the acquisition of skills of independence and social adaptation. For children with disabilities, free observation, provision of vouchers for treatment in sanatoriums, provision of medicines and means of technical rehabilitation.

Causes of the disease and risk factors

The reasons development of cerebral palsy divided into intrauterine provoking factors and postpartum. The first type includes:

severe pregnancy;
unhealthy lifestyle of the mother;
hereditary predisposition;
difficult childbirth, during which fetal asphyxia occurred;
sharp or some chronic diseases mothers;
children born prematurely and with low birth weight;
infectious processes in latent form in the mother's body;
toxic poisoning of the brain of a child due to incompatibility between mother and fetus in terms of blood group and Rh factor, or liver failure child.

Postpartum triggers include:

baby weight up to 1 kg at birth;
the birth of twins or triplets;
head injury in early age.

In every third case, however, it is not possible to identify the specific cause of the pathology. And as a rule, the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy does not depend on the causes of the development of the disease. may be revised except in the case of premature and small children - such patients often require more careful care and medical supervision.

The main phases of the course of the disease

Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy depends on the phase of the disease, the severity of the course of the disease and the age of the patient. There are three phases of the course of the disease:

Early (up to 5 months). Cerebral palsy is manifested by developmental delay, preservation of unconditioned reflexes.
Primary (up to 3 years). The child often chokes on food, does not seek to speak, asymmetry, hypertonicity or excessive muscle relaxation is noticeable.
Late (over three years). It is manifested by the shortening of one limb compared to the other, swallowing, hearing, vision, speech disorders, convulsions, urination and defecation disorders, mental retardation.

Early signs of cerebral palsy

To early signs Cerebral palsy includes the following deviations:

delay physical development: head control, rolling over, sitting without support, crawling or walking;
preservation of "children's" reflexes upon reaching 3-6 months of age;
predominance of one hand by 18 months;
any symptoms that indicate hypertonicity or excessive relaxation (weakness) of the muscles.

Clinical manifestations of the disease can be both pronounced and almost imperceptible - it all depends on the degree of damage to the central nervous system and brain. Apply for medical care follows if:

the child's movements are unnatural;
the child has convulsions;
muscles appear excessively relaxed or tense;
the baby does not blink in response to a loud sound at one month;
at 4 months, the child does not turn his head to a loud sound;
does not sit without support at 7 months;
does not speak single words at 12 months;
the baby does not walk or walks unnaturally;
the child has strabismus.

Comprehensive rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy gives the best results if it starts at an early age. In severe forms of the disease, untimely recovery physical activity or late development of social skills, the child may remain completely unadapted to life.

Is it possible to cure the disease

Cerebral palsy refers to diseases that are almost impossible to cure completely. However, comprehensive and timely rehabilitation allows children with such a diagnosis to be trained on an equal footing with healthy children and lead a full-fledged lifestyle. Significant progress can be considered the preservation of individual symptoms of the disease in the child.

Modern methods of treatment of cerebral palsy

The main task for children with paralysis is the gradual development of skills and abilities, physical and social adaptation. Methods that are developed individually for each child gradually correct motor defects, improve motor activity, develop the patient emotionally, personally and socially, develop independence skills in Everyday life. As a result of systematic rehabilitation, the child can integrate into society and adapt to later life independently.

The rehabilitation program for children with cerebral palsy includes the following approaches:

treatment water procedures: swimming, balneo or hydrotherapy;
PET therapy, or animal treatment: hippotherapy psychophysical rehabilitation in the process of communicating with dolphins and swimming;
the use of orthopedic devices, exercise equipment, gymnastic balls, ladders;
increasing the bioelectric activity of muscles;
therapeutic massage to reduce the degree of lethargy and muscle spasm;
drug treatment: Botox, botulinum toxin, xeomin, dysport are used;
Vojta therapy, which allows you to restore natural patterns of behavior;
physiotherapy treatment: myoton, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, darsonvalization;
Montessori therapy, which allows you to form the ability to concentrate and develop independence;
classes with a psychologist;
speech therapy classes that correct speech disorders (program "Logorhythmics");
special pedagogy;
shiatsu therapy - massage of biologically active points;
classes according to the Bobath method - special gymnastics using certain equipment;
laser effect on reflex zones, tip of the nose, joints, reflex-segmental zones, area of paretic muscles;
art therapy aimed at preparing the child for learning;
Peto's technique - division of movements into separate acts and their learning;
surgical orthopedic interventions;
Spa treatment;
alternative methods of treatment: osteopathy, manual therapy, catgut therapy, vacuum therapy, electroreflexotherapy.

Of course, not all methods of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy are listed above. There are many ready-made programs developed and currently being developed by rehabilitation centers, alternative approaches and techniques.

Physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy

The physical recovery of a sick child should begin as early as possible. Leading experts in the world have recognized that the rehabilitation of a disabled child (CP) brings the best results up to three years, but in Russia many centers refuse to accept children under one or three years old, and doctors are in no hurry to establish a diagnosis and formalize disability. However, physical rehabilitation milestone adaptation of a special child to later life, and you should start working with a small patient immediately after establishing the diagnosis of "children's cerebral paralysis».

Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is necessary in order to prevent weakening and atrophy of muscles, to avoid the development of complications, and it is also resorted to in order to promote the motor development of the child. Therapeutic massage, physical education and exercises on special simulators are used. In general, any motor activity is useful, and the supervision of a specialist will help to form motor stereotypes, properly develop physical fitness and prevent addiction to pathological positions.

Rehabilitation Bobath Therapy

The most common form of rehabilitation is Bobath therapy in combination with other equally effective methods. The essence of therapy is to give the limb a position opposite to that which, due to hypertonicity, it seeks to accept. Classes should be held in a calm environment, three times a day or a week, each movement is repeated 3 to 5 times. The movements themselves are carried out slowly, because the main goal of treatment is to relax the muscles. Complexes of exercises are developed individually. Treatment according to the Bobath therapy method can also be carried out at home - a parent or guardian is trained to perform techniques with the help of a specialist in a rehabilitation center.

Means of technical rehabilitation

In the physical restoration of the motor activity of a child with cerebral palsy, the means of technical rehabilitation of children are also used. Severe cerebral palsy requires devices for mobility (walkers, wheelchairs), development (exercise bikes, special tables and chairs) and hygiene (bath seats, toilet seats) of the child. Also, rehabilitation means for children with cerebral palsy involve the use of orthopedic devices and exercise equipment. For example, the Adele suit is used, which redistributes the load, develops motor skills, Veloton, which stimulates muscles, the Spiral suit, which allows you to form new movement stereotypes, and so on.

Social rehabilitation of disabled children with cerebral palsy

closer to school age more attention is paid to the social adaptation of the child. Efforts are directed to the formation of independence skills, mental development preparing the child for collective learning and communication. In addition, the patient is taught to dress himself, serve himself, exercise hygiene, move around, and so on. All this will reduce the burden on those caring for a disabled child, and little patient- adapt to life.

Psychologists, speech therapists and teachers work with special children. The role of parents or guardians who will deal with the child at home is extremely important. Social rehabilitation children (cerebral palsy) pursues the following goals:

extension vocabulary and outlook;
development of memory, attention and thinking;
education of personal hygiene skills;
education of self-service skills;
speech development, culture formation.

Children with this diagnosis can study in experimental classes, which are more often formed in private schools, but with significant restrictions, it is better to think about boarding or homeschooling. In the boarding school, the child can communicate with peers, receive special skills and participate in career guidance activities. Homeschooling requires more active parental involvement and daily medical supervision.

In many cases, further labor activity person diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Such people can master the professions of mental labor (teachers, but not lower grades, economists, architects, junior medical staff), work at home as programmers, freelancers and even (with the preservation of hand movements) seamstresses. Employment is impossible only in severe cases.

Disability with cerebral palsy

It has several forms and degrees of severity. Disability in cerebral palsy is issued if the disease is accompanied by restrictions in relation to normal life, learning, self-service, speech contact. Disability registration is possible only after medical examination. A mother with a child will have to undergo a neurologist, surgeon, psychiatrist, pediatrician, orthopedist, ophthalmologist and ENT specialist. This "adventure" does not end there. Followed by:

issue a final conclusion from the head of the medical institution;
go through the procedure of reconciliation of documents already in an adult polyclinic;
give a package of documents to the point of acceptance of papers for medical and social examination.

Depending on the period of establishment of disability, carry out medical and social expertise(and consequently, to go through all the doctors again) must be repeated after a certain period of time. It is also necessary to obtain conclusions again if the completed individual rehabilitation program undergoes changes - for example, if a child, as prescribed by a specialist, needs a new means of rehabilitation.

Benefits for disabled children with cerebral palsy

Registration of disability for some families is a vital issue, because it makes it possible to receive cash payments for rehabilitation and benefits.

So, families with disabled children with cerebral palsy are entitled to the following benefits:

free rehabilitation in federal and regional centers and sanatoriums;
a discount of at least 50% on the payment of municipal or public housing, as well as housing and communal services;
the right to receive priority land plots for individual construction, gardening and housekeeping;
security medicines(as prescribed by a doctor), health food products;
free travel to the place of sanatorium treatment and back, as well as in public transport (the benefit is for a disabled child and one accompanying person);
compensation for the services of a psychologist, teacher and speech therapist, determined by an individual rehabilitation program (in the amount of no more than 11.2 thousand rubles per year);
exemption from payment in kindergartens;
compensation payments to unemployed persons caring for a disabled child (a parent, adoptive parent or guardian can receive 5.5 thousand rubles, another person - 1.2 thousand rubles);
pension for a disabled child and additional payments (in total 14.6 thousand rubles as of 2017);
the period of caring for a child with a disability is included in the mother's seniority;
mother of a disabled child with cerebral palsy has a number of benefits for labor law: cannot be attracted to overtime work, business trips, has the right to work part-time, retire early and so on;
a single mother raising a disabled child cannot be dismissed, except in cases of complete liquidation of the enterprise.

Rehabilitation centers in Russia

In special centers, the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is carried out comprehensively and under the supervision of relevant specialists. As a rule, systematic classes, an individual program and professional medical support for both children and parents can achieve significant results in a relatively short period of time. Of course, to consolidate the result, you need to continue to engage in the proposed program at home.

Russian Scientific and Practical Center for Physical Rehabilitation and Sports (Grossko Center)

There are several rehabilitation centers in Russia. The Grossko Center in Moscow works according to a comprehensive program: upon admission, diagnostics are carried out, then specialists-instructors in physical recovery deal with a special child. Physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy at the Grossko Center provides for physiotherapy exercises, swimming, exercises with special simulators that allow you to develop coordination of movements and consolidate motor stereotypes, classes on a treadmill, roller skating. Based on the results of pedagogical testing, programs are adjusted so that recovery meets the needs and condition of a particular small patient.

The cost of rehabilitation of a child (cerebral palsy) in the Grossko Center, of course, is not small. For example, for initial appointment you will have to pay 1,700 rubles, and the cost of 10 physical therapy sessions (45-50 minutes each) is 30 thousand rubles. One lesson with a speech therapist (lasting 30 minutes), as well as a massage session (30-40 minutes according to the doctor's testimony) will cost 1000 rubles. However, the results of the classes really are, and the Grossko Center itself is a prominent institution.

Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. R. R. Vredena

The Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy named after R. R. Vreden (RNIITO - Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics) in St. Petersburg provides its clients with a full range of services: from diagnosis to surgery, including, of course, treatment and recovery. At the disposal of highly professional specialists of the center with many years of experience practical experience more than twenty fully equipped departments.

Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled Due to Cerebral Palsy

The Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for the Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities Due to Cerebral Palsy is considered one of the most accessible and well-known. The doctors of the center work on the basis of several dozen rehabilitation programs, use all modern domestic developments and find an individual approach to each patient. The center accepts children from three years of age. Apart from directly physical recovery, psychologists-defectologists, speech therapists, professional massage therapists and conductologists - teachers who work with children and adults who have disorders of the central nervous system, deal with young patients.

Institute for Conductive Pedagogy and Rehabilitative Movement Therapy in Budapest, Hungary

Rehabilitation of a disabled child (CP) at the Institute. A. Petyo in Budapest - the capital of Hungary - is the center where hundreds of families aspire to get. The institution is famous for its excellent specialists, the use of the most modern developments in the treatment of young patients, as well as visible results achieved by children with cerebral palsy who have completed a rehabilitation course.

There are many other rehabilitation centers and sanatoriums that accept children with cerebral palsy for rehabilitation. Only in Moscow, for example, there are the Movement Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy, the Ogonyok Rehabilitation Center, the Overcoming Rehabilitation Center and others. In some institutions, free rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is also possible. Families with disabled children are also supported by charitable organizations and social centers.

Recognized by traditional medicine, have high efficiency, if treatment started at early period disease development(approximately two years of age). After several rehabilitation courses, patients begin to independently perform previously inaccessible movements, restore speech function and show other successes. This once again confirms the need for timely

The rehabilitation program is developed individually for each child. Rehabilitologists different ways help patients recover well-coordinated work muscles (the flexors and extensors must contract in concert) and learn all the things that they could not learn because of the disease: hold their heads, sit down, stand up, walk, talk, etc.

To achieve good result in the treatment of cerebral palsy, patients and their parents have to try various rehabilitation methods. And this is not surprising. Each of the rehabilitation systems has its own characteristics of influence on the child's body, so what does not suit one, suits and helps other children. Parents should remember this and not be upset in case of failure.

Consider the most famous and effective methods rehabilitation used for cerebral palsy.

Kozyavkin method

The method is based on a multimodal approach, including the following areas:

The main goal of the Kozyavkin method is to achieve a new functional state the patient's body. This state opens up opportunities for mastering the necessary motor skills and rapid motor and mental development of the child.

Bobath therapy

This technique, like the previous one, is named after the authors - the Bobat spouses. The main essence of Bobath therapy is to stimulate the affected areas of the brain with the help of sensory, tactile and other stimuli. These stimuli make healthy newborn child to master new movements - he turns his head to the side loud sound or flashes of light, reaching for something interesting, etc. In the same way, you can push a sick child to perform certain movements.

According to the Bobath therapy method, the patient must go through all the stages of the physiological motor development of the child - first learn to hold his head, then roll over, sit down, etc.

Classes on the Bobath system are held under the supervision of a kinesitherapist who helps the baby develop the correct movement patterns. It looks like this: the child is shown a bright toy, he begins to reach out and move towards it, and the doctor at this time corrects his movements. In addition, with a small patient, special physical exercises- place it in a position in which muscle spasticity and pathological reflexes are reduced. Such classes are carried out on a special ball or in the hands of a rehabilitologist.

Voight technique

Author this method, Vaclav Voit, suggested using crawling and turning reflexes for motor rehabilitation of sick children. For each child, according to the Voight method, an individual set of exercises is developed with subsequent adjustment.

A feature of Vojta therapy is that the main role in it belongs to parents, since it is they who will have to deal with the child, moreover, every day and 3-4 times a day. To do this, before the start of rehabilitation, parents are taught all the necessary skills, so there are no problems with training.

Treatment according to the Voight method can be started from the neonatal period. However, mothers and fathers should seriously prepare for this psychologically, since the child will not always calmly react to what is being done to him. And this is due not so much to pain as to fear and natural protest.

Dolphin therapy

This is probably the most pleasant method of rehabilitation for sick children. It is based on the communication of a child with a dolphin. Such communication has a positive effect on the psyche, gives positive emotions, relaxation and even some kind of appeasement.

What can a sick child take from dolphin therapy? First of all, this is a change in attitude towards oneself and the world around, a decrease in isolation. Secondly, communication with a dolphin is a powerful sensory stimulus that makes nervous structures to work actively, and this, in turn, contributes to the improvement of speech and motor function, intellectual development mentally retarded children.

Classes are held with dolphins with the participation of a rehabilitation doctor, parents and a trainer who is responsible for the animal. You should not be afraid of some kind of aggression and unforeseen reactions from dolphins. Animals are prepared specifically for medicinal purposes.

hippotherapy

Hippotherapy is the treatment of horses. Sick children are not only introduced to animals, but also taught to ride, no matter how strange it may sound. If the baby, by virtue of his physical abilities cannot sit, they put him on the horse's back. It also gives a very positive effect.

How does hippotherapy work? While riding, the child reflexively tries to take the most stable and comfortable position for himself. He tightly compresses his legs, trying to keep his back straight. At the same time, almost all muscles of the body are included in the process, including those that are usually motionless. That is, hippotherapy in its essence is very similar to physical therapy, but there is one difference - the child trains his muscles not consciously, but reflexively.

Another healing factor hippotherapy is a massage and thermal effect on the legs and pelvic area. The horse, moving, kneads the muscles of the child with the muscles of the back and gives him his warmth.

Method of dynamic proprioceptive correction

WPC - dynamic proprioceptive correction. The method consists in motor correction, which is carried out with the help of a special device. "Graviton". "Graviton" is a system of elastic bands, which is assembled individually for each patient, depending on clinical situation. In such a device-suit, the patient should engage in physiotherapy exercises. A set of exercises for exercise therapy is developed taking into account the present movement disorders.

The course of treatment according to the DPC method, as a rule, lasts 20 days. This technique can be used in children after 3 years.

Montessori Method

According to the Montessori method, each child should develop in natural conditions and should not be disturbed. Teachers in this system do not act as mentors, but only as assistants. For classes, special materials are used, according to which the kids learn on their own.

The choice of a particular area of study depends on the age of the child, or rather, the sensitive period of development. For example, from 0 to 6 years speech develops, up to 5.5 years - sensory perception, from 3 to 6 years social skills are formed. A certain part of the brain is responsible for each of these functions, and it must be stimulated in time.

Medical Center Clinic Melnikova E.A. is a specialized medical institution of the neuropsychophysiological direction, whose activities are aimed at organizing complex treatment children and adults with diagnoses such as cerebral palsy (ICP), mental retardation various etiologies(ZPRR), autism, as well as treatment of the consequences of strokes and craniocerebral injuries. Our clinic is also a rehabilitation center for children with cerebral palsy.

The clinic uses the latest world, domestic and author's methods and methods for the detection and treatment of diseases of the human nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, auditory and visual analyzers, peripheral nerves and musculoskeletal system. Qualified neurologists, using advanced Russian and international technologies, using specialized high-tech equipment, conduct a thorough diagnosis and treatment, combined into a single complex, called: " New technology for the treatment of cerebral palsy";
A new technology for the treatment of various types of psychoverbal name delays, including ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders)."
New technology for the treatment of consequences of TBI (traumatic brain injury) and strokes;

medical technology pathogenetic treatment of cerebral palsy and delays in psycho-speech development - autoneurite therapy - including diagnostics, basic pathogenetic treatment and ancillary treatment- developed and patented by the chief physician of the Clinic, candidate medical sciences, neurologist the highest category Melnikova Elena Anatolyevna. For more than ten years, this method has been used by her and has proven itself very well in the treatment of such patients in " Medical center"Cortex", the chief physician of which she was all this time.

In July 2014, a restructuring took place at the CORTEX MC: one of the divisions, the neurological department in Moscow, became an independent Clinic.

leaders scientific activity Melnikova Elena Anatolyevna are:

Primary treatment for STDs is based both on the activation of the speech centers themselves (Broca's area, Wernicke's, angular gyrus etc.), and on the restoration of lost connections not only between centers, but also interhemispheric ones. In addition, scattered axonodendrite connections of speech centers with other areas of the brain involved in speech function are restored. The result is Speech. For more details, see the section of the site: "Treatment of ZPRR"

Autoneurite therapy is carried out in combination with drug treatment ( the introduction of nootropics bypassing the blood-brain barrier, lymphotropic therapy), antigravity therapy, therapeutic massage, dry immersion baths and exercise therapy , music therapy. The effectiveness of treatment is increased by the use of special unique neuro-orthopedic rehabilitation pneumosuits RPK "Atlant", plantar load simulators"Corvit", which received the name "Legs" from patients in the Clinic, as well as the use Gross simulator and anti-gravity baths. Classes are held with speech pathologist.

Clinic Melnikova E.A. accepts for treatment patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy, delayed psycho-motor and speech development, consequences of TBI and strokes for citizens of the Russian Federation and any country that has diplomatic relations from RF. We also work as a rehabilitation center for cerebral palsy.
Patients aged 9 months to 40 years are accepted for treatment (older - on an individual basis). Knowledge of the Russian language or payment of an interpreter (optional) are required. Medical documents (extract from the medical history and conclusions based on the results of examinations) must be translated into Russian.

Treatment of patients with cerebral palsy and mental retardation carried out in the mode day hospital. Baby carriages are provided for moving around the Clinic with patients.

coursework cerebral palsy treatment and ZPRR carried out by treatment courses 20 days. The treatment process is carried out from Monday to Saturday inclusive, Sunday is a day off.
Arrivals for treatment are made on certain days in accordance with

Absolutely every child with cerebral palsy (infantile cerebral palsy) needs long-term rehabilitation. For a number of years, special centers, clinics, boarding schools and rehabilitation rooms for such children were created, many of which were patronized by charitable organizations and foreign investors. Conducted rehabilitation treatment and abroad (in China, Germany, Greece and other countries).

Thus, since 1993, a children's rehabilitation center has been operating in Moscow, created with the assistance of the Department for Church Charity of the Moscow Patriarch and the English Christian Charitable Society "Barnardos", which was sponsored by Princess Diana for many years.

Since 1999, an orthopedic workshop has been established in Moscow and continues to operate in cooperation with the charitable Catholic German society Liebenau and the Heidelberg Rehabilitation Holding. Rehabilitation there is carried out using German technology. We will talk about the main methods of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy in this article.

In Moscow, rehabilitation is also carried out by the BiATi Clinic for Restorative Medicine and Rehabilitation. The clinic has a hospital (for hospitalization of a child with an accompanying person) and has developed a method of "Mobile Rehabilitation", when an individual program of classes is selected for the child after consultation, and parents are trained at seminars and work with the child at home.

Since 2003 in a balneological resort in Truskavets in international clinic rehabilitation treatment the method of Professor Kozyavkin is applied. This rehabilitation system has been recognized as one of the 4 most effective in cerebral palsy worldwide.

The results of rehabilitation therapy of 12,000 patients with cerebral palsy were processed using this system: normal muscle tone reached in 94%, 62% of children learned to sit, 19% began to walk independently, 75% of children had correct head position control, 87% of children can unclench their hand (previously clenched into a fist).

The purpose of rehabilitation, which differs from drug treatment, is the physical and social adaptation of the child, the expansion of his individual capabilities. The rehabilitation program is developed individually for each patient. In rehabilitation centers, specialists work with each child: rehabilitologists, ergotherapists, speech therapists, neurologists, orthopedists, psychologists, physiotherapy and massage methodologists.

When to start rehabilitation classes for a child with cerebral palsy?

The earlier the rehabilitation course of treatment is started, the more effective it is. It is advisable to start this course from the age of one year old baby. In addition to the work of specialists, the active and constant participation of parents is required. In some rehabilitation centers, conditions have been created for a long-term joint stay of parents and a child in them.

The duration of rehabilitation depends on the severity of the disease and the individual capabilities of the child. Sometimes the duration of the recovery course is 6 months, and for other children it is a year, one and a half or two daily hard work. In some cases, parents take a course of study and are engaged in the proposed program with the child at home.

The experience of working with children with cerebral palsy indicates that the program is based on the gradual achievement of the next set goal, even if it is insignificant. This is the so-called "fractional goal" method. For one child, this may be an opportunity to change the position of the body, lying on the mat (roll over on their own), for another - to sit on their own, for the third - to hold a spoon or cup.

The results are reflected in a specially created calendar, with which you can track the time it took to achieve the goal. As a result, every day will be a new step in development and will set the motivation for further classes, strengthen hope and faith in their effectiveness.

It is impossible to achieve everything at once. Yes and final result rehabilitation depends on the degree of brain damage. It is currently considered that behavioral disorders associated with the defeat of the highest nervous activity, and not with musculoskeletal function, so the child is not able to coordinate and perform purposeful movement.

Rehabilitologists are engaged in the systematic development of the child's motor abilities. Formation physical body influences and creates a condition for the development of the intellect, the psyche. Therefore, the early age of children is important for the start of rehabilitation classes, when the intellect can still be developed.

Classes for individual program held several times a day. On average, the duration of one session is 1-2 hours. Both the duration of the lesson and the number of them are selected specifically for a given child.

From the age of one year, the baby's classes have a playful form. Special games contribute to motor-sensory correction and the development of intelligence: hearing, vision, hand sensitivity develop. The duration of classes at this age is from 10 minutes. up to an hour. From the very beginning, rehabilitation is aimed at domestic and social adaptation child.

The basis of rehabilitation methods is the process of training, repetition of certain exercises to form a new stereotype of movements, load physiotherapy. Additionally, manual therapy and massage, laser reflexology, movement correction using electrical stimulation of muscles and movement centers in the brain are used.

Row common approaches in the process of rehabilitation:

swimming is recommended for all children: it strengthens muscles well; coordination when moving and maintaining balance are less important, so all children can play;
phasing of loads: a gradual increase in the time of classes;
improving the function of interaction between the hemispheres brain is achieved by special exercises: movement on all fours, exercise on wall bars with an overlap of arms, alternately raising versatile arms and legs when walking, etc .;
training of balance and coordination of movements: exercises on the "rocking board" standing on two legs, then on one; slow walking on an inclined board; attempts to catch the ball; jumping rope, playing hopscotch; walking on the hands holding the legs; hand drawing "eights" in the air;
orientation in space is improved by playing balls different sizes, the use of the "tunnel" simulator;
fine motor skills are developed by playing with mosaics and puzzles, picking up sticks, playing musical instruments.

Balneotherapy

A good result is given by balneotherapy, or treatment with water procedures. In water, muscle tension is relieved (which contributes to an increase in volume active movements), muscle twitching is reduced. Apply different kinds baths (radon, coniferous, pearl, sea, turpentine, oxygen, etc.), hydromassage, underwater massage with jet aeration and ozonation.

Galvanic 4-chamber baths "Verishofen" allow you to use combined action water, current and medicinal product(bischofite, coniferous extract, turpentine, etc.).

The color dynamic quantum chamber combines a swimming pool and a laser shower. In the pool, it is possible to stretch the spine, develop joints, use various types of shower for massage.

Dolphin therapy

Evpatoria and many others major cities dolphin therapy is popular: psychophysical rehabilitation takes place in the process of swimming and communication with specially trained dolphins. The course of dolphin therapy should be at least 2 weeks. Treatment is carried out all year round.

The child and the animal interact in the form of a game. At the same time, the child receives not only a lot of new positive impressions, but also develops his abilities. Dolphin, touching the child's body, stimulates biologically active points. The child touches the animal with his hands or feet under the supervision of the trainer, if he has movement disorders in them.

Gradually, the elements of classes become more difficult. In addition, the dolphin, all the time working with its fins, creates the movement of water currents and thus provides hydromassage to the child. In water, the load on the joints is removed, the muscles are trained.

The favorable emotional impact is also important: the dolphin reduces psychological stress, feelings of anxiety and anger go away, confidence and initiative activity appear in the child.

hippotherapy

Unique in its effectiveness is hippotherapy (treatment with the help of horses), which has no analogues in the world. During close contact with the horse, about 100 vibrational impulses are transmitted to the rider. This contributes to the development of motor skills and the formation of precise movements, the activation of muscle reflexes.

The child gets a double effect: a motor "simulator" of arms and legs to control the horse and a "heated massager" (the body temperature of the horse is about 2 degrees higher than that of humans). The ability to maintain balance and control the synchronism of movements develops. Horses have a very strong biofield, they feed children with positive energy.

Hardware development

Found widespread use orthopedic devices, rehabilitation simulators, gymnastic balls, ladders, walkers. Specially designed modern mechanotherapy devices with software and biologically feedback for the treatment of children with paralysis.

Active-passive simulator "Veloton", "Gross simulator" help to develop motor skills, mobility in the joints, stimulate muscles. Universal system Gross allows you to simultaneously exercise on other simulators (on the Swedish wall, treadmill, roller skates or bicycle). The simulator can also be used in the pool, allowing you to expand the range of water exercises. At the same time, the device protects the child from injuries and falls.

"Masseur-rider" imitates the process of riding, transmits similar motor impulses to the child.

The "Spiral" suit allows you to form a new stereotype of movements. The child is fixed in the pelvis, thighs and armpits, suspended in a special mesh. The instructor rocks it. The correct signal from the muscles enters the brain, and new movement skills are mastered.

The orthopedic pneumo-suit proposed by Russian specialists not only fixes the joints, but also causes muscle tension, due to which the limbs move correctly. Other technologies and assistive devices are also being improved.

Spa treatment

In the complex of rehabilitation treatment of children with cerebral palsy, treatment in the sanatoriums of Odessa, Evpatoria, Truskavets, Saki can be used, where such effective methods are used as:

physiotherapy treatment (magnetotherapy, myoton, ultrasound, darsonvalization);
mud treatment;
shiatsu therapy (massage of active biopoints);
laser therapy;
massage (allows you to reduce the degree spasms of muscles or their lethargy);
Montessori therapy (a special technique for the formation of the ability to concentrate attention, the development of independence);
classes with a speech therapist;
classes according to the Bobath method ( special exercises in various poses and with special equipment)
classes according to the Peto method (dividing each movement into separate acts and learning them).

The complex use of methods and procedures is especially effective.

Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy requires a long time and active participation parents.

Summary for parents

The purpose of the rehabilitation course of treatment is to improve the quality of life of the child and help him in social and everyday adaptation.

Special kids...

Their number is increasing every year. This is evidenced not only by dry statistics, but also by specialists who, on duty, are in contact with children - pediatricians, neurologists, psychotherapists, teachers of correctional kindergartens.

If you are a parent special child , then you need to understand that any person by nature has certain potentialities. In some cases, they are suppressed by a congenital or acquired disease. But don't give up. All your child needs is to help him adapt to society. In this regard, it is very important to understand that special children need special integrated approach to solve their problems. To conduct proper rehabilitation work with them, a lot of effort will be required from parents, teachers and doctors. Moreover, these efforts should not be episodic, but continuous.

According to statistics, about 2/3 of all disabled people in Russia are children with disorders of the nervous system and psyche. However, it is important to understand that not all special children have the status of a disabled person. Quite a few suffer small deviations in behavior, problems with the perception and assimilation of information, cannot fully contact with other people and peers. If you do not find out the problem of the child in time and do not seek appropriate assistance, it is quite possible that in the future he simply will not be able to adapt in life and will receive the status of a disabled person.

What diseases make children special?

Children with neurological and psycho-neurological problems are most often called special children. This is a fairly broad category, which includes a whole range of diseases that are very different, including in terms of complexity and the possibility of overcoming them. Here are just a few of them.

Cerebral palsy (CP)) is a severe disease of the central nervous system, in which the centers responsible for the development of the musculoskeletal system are affected. The nature of the lesion does not imply degenerative processes. As a rule, the appearance of the disease is associated with deviations in intrauterine development, may be a consequence birth injury and, often it comes to light in the first year of life of the small person. Children with cerebral palsy often have associated problems in the form of compensated hydrocephalus, autistic features and delays in psycho-speech development. At the same time, the simultaneous appearance of all the above problems at once is not at all necessary. Forms of the disease without concomitant changes are possible.

RDA (early childhood autism), Kanner's syndrome, Asperger's syndrome- diseases of this kind are expressed in violation of the development of the psycho-emotional sphere. The child has the following problems:

Extreme difficulty in interacting with other people (mild form of the disease).

Limited by autistic interests - while the child reproduces stereotypical movements, his interests are narrowly limited and not of a cognitive nature.

Active denial and rejection of the environment - the child reveals extreme selectivity in relation to people, clothes, types of food. Violation habitual way life, deviation from the standard route can cause tantrums, sometimes turning into auto-aggression.

Total detachment from the world and the impossibility of interacting with it (in the most severe forms of the disease). Such children do not smile, do not maintain eye contact, do not possess the simplest self-care skills.

As a rule, an autistic child has multiple neurological abnormalities, and the disease itself may be the result of layering different kind root causes. Often, autistic traits go hand in hand with another serious illness like hydrocephalus or cerebral palsy. Recently, information began to appear that some children developed autism after vaccination with drugs containing mercury salts (merthiolate or thimerosal) in their composition. Some autistic children have been found to have elevated levels of mercury in their hair and red blood cells. For them, chelation therapy (chelation) can become one of the methods to overcome the problem.

Hydrocephalus. It is also called dropsy of the brain. The disease is associated with impaired liquorodynamics. At the same time, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in excess, and its absorption is very slow. In extremely severe cases, the circumference of the child's head becomes excessively enlarged. Children with hydrocephalus constantly experience increased intracranial pressure. Such phenomena as nausea and blood from the nose, as well as unreasonable tantrums, are not uncommon. At the same time, a child at an early age can rub his head with his hands, bang his head against various objects and somehow demonstrate that it is his head that hurts. Distinguish hydrocephalus in severe form and lighter compensated. If to get rid of the first, surgical intervention (bypass surgery) is necessary, then in the second case, it is enough to follow the medical prescriptions. The disease is often accompanied by such a phenomenon as ZRR or ZPRR (delayed speech or psycho-speech development). This is due to the fact that an excess of CSF depresses certain areas of the brain.

The full list of diseases associated with impaired nervous and mental activity is much wider (Down's syndrome, early organic brain damage, etc.). It is very important to diagnose the disease in time and contact the rehabilitation center. Leading neurologists warn about this - the sooner you start treating the child and working with his condition, the stronger the regenerative abilities of the brain will manifest themselves.

Rehabilitation tasks

Features of development, first of all, are expressed in the deterioration cognitive activity and in some cases totally weaken the will of a person (autism). In this regard, the educational process for children should fit into the system of their rehabilitation (habilitation). It is the rehabilitation of special children that is cornerstone on the way to their further socialization and more successful development. All rehabilitation centers, regardless of the specifics of the disease, essentially have one common task - to provide the child with the opportunity to live a completely autonomous life in the future. They have to deal with the most difficult diagnoses, helping special children prepare as much as possible for learning.

Rehabilitation for severe children will be effective only in the case of continuous work with the problem. Ideally, it should accompany the patient until the period of his adaptation in society and employment for work (if the level of development and the type of disease allow this to be achieved).

Below are some of the rehabilitation centers in Moscow where parents with special needs children should contact.

- federal state state-financed organization, sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Social Development, provides assistance to children from different regions RF with diseases of the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system and autism spectrum. On the basis of the center there is a school for parents. Rehabilitation methods used in the center:

Carrying out corrective sensorimotor disintegration;

The use of robotic equipment "Lokomat";

Classes using the Gross simulator;

Conductive therapy classes;

logorhythm;

Classes in medical suits "Atlant", "Adeli", "Phaeton";

Social adaptation;

And much more.

Payment for the accommodation of residents is charged for children over 4 years old and their accompanying persons. At the same time, its dimensions are: in the ward (ordinary) - 335 r per day; in a ward with a shower room (increased comfort) - 700 r per day, in a comfortable ward without a shower room - 600 r per day. The center provides paid services, if:

They are not included in the CHI program;

In the hands of the representatives of the child there is no direction at the expense of the budget;

The service is provided at the initiative of the patient and his voluntary desire;

The patient does not have Russian citizenship.

At the same time, the cost of one bed-day of a child in a ward with food, but without treatment, is 750 rubles. The cost of stay accompanying him - 335 rubles. The rehabilitation course for a child with cerebral palsy (21 days) will cost 56,865 rubles. The price of the initial consultation with specialists within the framework of inpatient treatment- 800 r, repeated - 500 r (each specialist separately).