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Abstract: Therapeutic exercise in diseases of the respiratory system. Therapeutic physical and breathing exercises for disorders of the respiratory system

2. Exercise therapy FOR DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 3

2.1 Exercise therapy for acute bronchitis and pneumonia 4

Starting position: lying on your back 4

Starting position: sitting on chair 5

Starting position: lying on your back 6

Starting position: standing 6

2.1.1. DRAINAGE GYMNASTICS 8

Drainage gymnastics is mainly aimed at improving the excretion of sputum. To do this, perform exercises for various muscle groups, use a frequent change of starting positions. Most of the exercises are performed from the starting position lying on your back or on your stomach on a couch without a headrest. Drainage of the lower lobes of the lungs is best promoted by physical exercises associated with tension in the abdominal muscles: bending the legs at the knees and hip joints while pressing on the stomach; "Scissors" (breeding and cross reduction of straightened raised legs in the supine position); movements with both legs, as when swimming crawl; "bike". eight

After each exercise, you need to cough up sputum. eight

Starting position: lying on your back on a couch without a headrest 8

2.2 Exercise therapy for bronchial asthma and COPD 10

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "weak" group 11

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "middle" group 12

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "strong" group 13

Starting position: sitting on a chair 17

2.2.1 SOUND GYMNASTICS 18

2.2.2 RESPIRATORY 20

A set of exercises of respiratory gymnastics 20

Starting position: standing 20

Starting position: sitting 21

3. CONCLUSION 22

4. LITERATURE 23

1. INTRODUCTION

AT recent times there is a trend towards a deterioration in the health status of the population. The incidence rate is very high. The first place in the structure of morbidity (65% of the total pathology) is occupied by respiratory diseases, among which 90% are acute respiratory infections and influenza.

The therapeutic effect of physical exercises in case of respiratory disease is based on the ability to arbitrarily regulate the depth and frequency of breathing, the duration of breathing phases, respiratory pauses, reduce or increase ventilation in different parts of the lungs, restore the most physiological mixed type of breathing at rest and during muscle activity. Special exercises allow you to strengthen the respiratory muscles, increase the excursion of the chest and diaphragm, and help stretch the adhesions.

Therapeutic physical training (LFK) is a necessary component of the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. Exercise therapy supports normal life and improves the general condition of the body. And if gymnastics is regular, then immunity is strengthened and a person gets sick less often. It is especially important to use exercise therapy in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases that are difficult to cure with medication and other therapy.

Tasks of exercise therapy:

have a general strengthening effect on all organs and systems of the body;

improve the function of external respiration, contributing to the mastery of the method of controlling breathing;

reduce intoxication, stimulate immune processes;

accelerate resorption in inflammatory processes;

reduce the manifestation of bronchospasm;

increase the separation of sputum;

stimulate extracardiac circulatory factors.

Contraindications for exercise therapy: respiratory failure III degree, lung abscess to a breakthrough in the bronchus, hemoptysis or its threat, status asthmaticus, complete atelectasis of the lung, congestion a large number fluid in the pleural cavity.

2. Exercise therapy for diseases of the respiratory system

The respiratory system and its function are too dependent on the environment and react too quickly to any external factors and to any damage. At the same time, the reaction of the respiratory tract to everything that happens around is expressed mainly in two symptoms - coughing and shortness of breath.

Diseases of the respiratory tract, with all their diversity, can be divided into two groups. The first group will include those diseases in which sputum is secreted - or should be secreted, respectively, the main symptom is cough, and the cough is productive. These are acute bronchitis, pneumonia, as well as chronic bronchitis without obstruction (that is, without narrowing of the airways) and bronchiectasis (bronchodilation). The second group includes diseases associated mainly with difficulty breathing, or shortness of breath, due to narrowing of the bronchi, which occurs most often as a result of spasm of their muscles and swelling of the mucous membrane. These are, first of all, bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis, as well as ordinary chronic bronchitis, which occurs with obstructive phenomena, which is currently combined into one group with emphysema and some other diseases and is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

In the treatment of all diseases of the respiratory tract, therapeutic exercises are of great importance, and first of all - breathing exercises, moreover, dynamic ones, that is, those in which breathing is combined with physical exercises. Of course, any movement is accompanied by breathing, and in this sense, a person is constantly engaged in breathing exercises, which, however, cannot be called therapeutic. Different exercises have different effects on the phases of breathing (inhalation and exhalation), the mobility of the chest and diaphragm, the work of the muscles directly or indirectly involved in the act of breathing, etc. Accordingly, breathing exercises can be therapeutic only if the exercises are chosen correctly for a given person - depending on the diagnosis, stage of the disease, localization of the pathological process, degree of respiratory failure, general condition, etc.

2.1 Exercise therapy for acute bronchitis and pneumonia

Everyone has experienced acute bronchitis at least once in their life. This disease, if treated correctly, in most cases goes away without a trace. However, acute bronchitis is sometimes complicated by pneumonia, and can also take a chronic course.

Pneumonia can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, as well as opportunistic microflora, which normally exists peacefully in the human body and becomes aggressive under certain conditions.

Pneumonia is focal and croupous, unilateral and bilateral. Before the invention of antibiotics, pneumonia often led to death. Indeed, with this disease, the "holy of holies" of breathing is affected - air bubbles, alveoli, in which gas exchange between blood and air occurs, therefore, the respiratory function is inevitably disrupted - even if outwardly a person seems to be breathing normally. With pneumonia and acute bronchitis, literally from the first day of the disease (if the general condition is satisfactory and the body temperature is slightly elevated - up to about 37.2 ° C), you can do therapeutic exercises.

Breathing exercises for diseases of the respiratory system

Teaching aid

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. Exercise therapy FOR DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 4

2.1 Exercise therapy for acute bronchitis and pneumonia 5

2.1.1. DRAINAGE GYMNASTICS 8

2.2 Exercise therapy for bronchial asthma and COPD 11

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "weak" group 11

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "middle" group 13

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "strong" group 14

2.2.1 SOUND GYMNASTICS 19

2.2.2 RESPIRATORY 21

A set of exercises of respiratory gymnastics 21

3. CONCLUSION 23

4. LITERATURE 23

1. INTRODUCTION

Recently, there has been a noticeable trend towards a deterioration in the health status of the population. The incidence rate is very high. The first place in the structure of morbidity (65% of the total pathology) is occupied by respiratory diseases, among which 90% are acute respiratory infections and influenza.

Tasks of exercise therapy:

have a general strengthening effect on all organs and systems of the body;

improve the function of external respiration, contributing to the mastery of the method of controlling breathing;

reduce intoxication, stimulate immune processes;

accelerate resorption in inflammatory processes;

reduce the manifestation of bronchospasm;

increase the separation of sputum;

stimulate extracardiac circulatory factors.

Contraindications for exercise therapy: respiratory failure of the III degree, lung abscess to a breakthrough in the bronchus, hemoptysis or its threat, asthmatic status, complete atelectasis of the lung, accumulation of a large amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.

2. Exercise therapy FOR DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2.1 Exercise therapy for acute bronchitis and pneumonia

A set of exercises for focal pneumonia with localization of the process in the lower lobe of the right lung

Calm diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes.

Clasp your hands “in the lock”, raise them up, stretch (inhale); return to PI (exhale, slightly elongated). The pace is slow. Repeat 6-8 times.

Take a breath; as you exhale, raise your straight leg. Repeat with the other leg too. 5-7 times.

Wrap your arms around the bottom of your chest. When inhaling, the chest overcomes the resistance of the hands, while exhaling, the hands slightly compress the chest. The pace is slow. Repeat 5-7 times.

Spread your arms to the sides (inhale), pull your knees to your chest (exhale), pause. To relax. Repeat 6-8 times.

Starting position: lying on the left side. The purpose of exercises on the left side is to involve the affected area of the lung tissue in breathing as much as possible. (For left-sided pneumonia, exercises are performed on the right side.)

Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes.

Circular movements with a straight right hand. Breathing is arbitrary. The pace is medium or fast. Repeat 6-8 times.

Put the right hand on the lower part of the chest (right). Lower chest breathing for 1-1.5 minutes.

Take your right hand back, bend slightly (inhale), return to PI (exhale), pause. Repeat 6-8 times.

Hands down. Raise your right straight arm up and back (inhale), lean forward and reach the toe of your left foot (exhale), pause. To relax. Do the same with the other hand. Repeat 5-7 times for each hand.

Take a breath. Raise your right hand through the side up and lean to the left side (exhale). Do the same with the other hand. Repeat 5-7 times.

Raise straight legs by about 20 cm. Make foot movements, as when swimming in the crawl style (up and down). Breathing is arbitrary. The pace is fast. Repeat 10-12 times.

Make movements with your hands, as when swimming in the breaststroke style - bend your arms at the elbows, straighten them forward and spread them apart in a horizontal plane. IP - inhale, when moving your hands - exhale. Pause. Movements are slow and calm. Repeat 8-10 times.

Simulate cycling. Breathing is arbitrary. The pace is slow. Repeat movements 8-10 times.

Spread your arms to the sides (inhale), hug yourself by the shoulders (exhale), pause. Repeat 5-7 times.

Bend and unbend the feet. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 8-10 times.

"Boxing". Bend your elbows, clench your fingers into fists. Alternately throw your hands forward (exhale). The pace is average. Repeat 8-10 times with each hand.

Holding on to the seat of the chair, raise the straight right leg and perform circular movements (outward). Breathing is arbitrary, the pace is slow. Repeat 5-7 times with each leg.

Walking in place. At the expense of 1, 2 - inhale, at 3, 4, 5 - exhale, at 6, 7 - pause.

Starting position: lying on your back

Alternately bend the legs at the knee joints. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 6-8 times.

Bend your elbows and lower them relaxed. Repeat 6-8 times.

Spread your feet out to the sides, then bring them together. Repeat 8-10 times.

Full breathing for 2 minutes (respiratory rate - no more than 14 breaths per minute).

A set of exercises for focal pneumonia with a prolonged course

Starting position: standing

One arm is raised up, the other is lowered down, the arms are straight, tense. Quickly change hands 6-8 times. Breathing is arbitrary

Legs wider than shoulders. Take a breath. Sit down, rest your hands on your knees, spreading your elbows to the sides (exhale), pause. Return to IP. Repeat 5-7 times.

Hands on the belt. Take a breath. Lean to the left, raise your right hand up (exhale). Return to IP (inhale). Lean to the right, raise your left hand up (exhale). Repeat 6-8 times.

Straight arms are raised forward and spread wider than shoulders. Inhale. With a swing of the right leg, reach the left hand (exhale), then return to the PI and do the same with the other leg. At an average pace, repeat 6-8 times.

Brushes at the shoulders. Make 6-8 circular movements with the elbows forward and backward. Breathing is arbitrary.

The arms are lowered along the body. Turns ("twisting") of the body to the right and left around the vertical axis. Repeat 6-8 times. The pace is average. Breathing is arbitrary.

Lean forward at an angle of 90 °, spreading your arms to the sides. At a slow pace, turn your arms and torso to the right and left around the horizontal axis. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 6-8 times.

Slightly lean forward. Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes (respiratory rate - no more than 14 breaths per minute):

Starting position: standing, holding a gymnastic stick in your hands

Raise the stick forward to shoulder level (inhale), slowly sit down (exhale). Return to IP. Repeat 5-7 times.

Take the stick by the ends, lift it up, bend slightly (inhale), put your left leg to the side and lean to the left (exhale). After a pause, do the same in the other direction. Repeat 6-8 times.

Holding the stick in the middle with one hand, spread your arms to the sides at shoulder level; the stick is located vertically. Pass the stick from one hand to the other, bringing your hands together in front of you and spreading them again (Fig. 4). Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 5-7 times.

Holding the stick in lowered hands behind the back, inhale and, without bending the legs, slowly lean forward and raise straight arms up (exhale). Repeat 5-7 times.

Holding the stick in lowered hands behind the back, inhale and, bending the arms at the elbow joints, slowly pull the stick to the shoulder blades (exhale; Fig. 5). To have a break. Return to IP. Repeat 5-7 times.

Putting a stick on your shoulders, take a breath and slowly sit down on the count of 1, 2, 3 (exhale), on the count of 4, 5 - pause. Return to IP. Repeat 6-8 times.

Raise the stick up and take the right leg back to the toe (inhale), return to the IP (exhale); pause. Do the same with the other leg. Repeat 6-8 times.

Holding the stick by the ends, put your right foot to the right, and take the stick to the left (inhale). Lean to the right, stretching the stick to the leg (exhale). Pause. Do the same on the other side. Repeat 5-7 times.

When performing exercises, it is advisable to adhere to the following breathing rate: inhale - 1-2 seconds, exhale - 3-4 seconds, pause - 2 seconds.

2.1.1. DRAINAGE GYMNASTICS

Drainage exercises are contraindicated in pulmonary bleeding (but not in hemoptysis), acute myocardial infarction, severe cardiovascular insufficiency, repeated pulmonary embolism, hypertensive crisis, stage II-III hypertension, as well as in any diseases and conditions in which it is necessary to limit or eliminate the position of the body with the head and upper body lowered. These include glaucoma, cataracts, obesity of the 3rd-4th degree, dizziness, etc. 2.1.2 Postural drainage and drainage exercises

After each exercise, you need to cough up sputum.

Starting position: lying on your back on a couch without a headrest

Hands along the body. Slowly raise straight arms up (behind the head); stretch (inhale); return to IP (exhale). Repeat 4-5 times.

Hands along the body. Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes. Exhale - elongated, through the lips, folded in a tube. The pace is slow.

Hands along the body. For 1 minute at a fast pace, vigorously clench your fingers into fists, while bending your feet “on yourself”. Breathing is arbitrary.

Hands to shoulders. Raise your elbows through the sides up (inhale), lower them down and lightly squeeze your chest with them (exhale). Repeat 4-6 times.

Extend one arm along the body, the other up (behind the head); both arms are extended. Within 1 minute, quickly change the position of the hands. Breathing is arbitrary.

Hands along the body. Spread your arms to the sides (inhale); pull your knees to your chest and clasp your hands (exhale). Clear your throat. Repeat 4-6 times.

Pressing the hands tightly to the lower part of the chest, inhale. As you exhale, squeeze your chest with your hands. The exhalation is energetic, it is possible with the sound “ha”, through the open glottis. Repeat 4-6 times.

Raise your arms to your shoulders and for 10-15 seconds make energetic circular movements in the shoulder joints. Breathing is arbitrary.

Arms along the body, palms down. Bend your knees and, resting your feet on the couch, raise your pelvis (inhale). Return to IP (exhale). Repeat 4-6 times.

Hands to the side. Spread your legs wider than your shoulders and, holding your feet on the edges of the couch, turn your torso to the right and left; stretch your arms in the same direction. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 4-6 times. Then hang your head, arms, upper body off the couch and cough.

Arms along the body, palms down. Slightly raise straight legs and perform movements with them for 1 minute, as when swimming crawl (up and down). Breathing is arbitrary.

Hands along the body. Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes. During an extended exhalation, lightly press your palms on the anterior abdominal wall. The pace is slow.

Arms along the body, palms down. Slightly raise straight legs and cross them 4-6 times in a row in a horizontal plane (“scissors”). To have a break. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 5-8 times.

Starting position: lying on the left side, left hand - under the head, right - along the body.

Take the straight right hand to the side and back - almost to the “lying on the back” position (inhale). Return to IP (exhale). Repeat 2-3 times, then lean off the couch and cough.

Take the straight right hand to the side (inhale), bend the right leg at the knee and, clasping it with your hand, press it to your chest (exhale - sharp, loud, with the sound “ha”, through the open glottis). Repeat 3-4 times.

Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes. The pace is slow.

Starting position: lying on your back, arms along the body

1. Diaphragmatic breathing for 1-1.5 minutes. Exhale - elongated, through the lips, folded in a tube. The pace is slow.

2. Slowly spread the straightened arms to the sides (inhale), return to the PI (exhale). Repeat 4-6 times.

3. Bend the leg at the knee (inhale). Return to IP (exhale). Repeat 3-4 times with each leg.

2.2 Exercise therapy for bronchial asthma and COPD

Bronchial asthma is a severe chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, predominantly of an allergic nature. It is characterized by asthma attacks resulting from spasm, edema and increased sputum production in the bronchi.

Therapeutic and breathing exercises are useful for almost all patients with bronchial asthma. The only contraindication for therapeutic and respiratory gymnastics is pulmonary or heart failure of the 3rd-4th degree.

Non-gymnastic means (physical training, hardening, simulators, etc.) are contraindicated in severe progressive bronchial asthma, with its exacerbation or concomitant diseases.

For the purpose of physiotherapy exercises, all patients with bronchial asthma are divided into three groups: "weak", "medium" and "strong". In a separate group, patients are allocated, with whom physiotherapy exercises are carried out strictly individually under the guidance of an instructor. This group includes people with severe bronchial asthma, in the acute phase, in asthmatic status, with concomitant heart failure of the 2nd degree, hypertension of the 3rd degree, with very low exercise tolerance, as well as people of elderly and senile age. Many complexes include exercises of the so-called sound gymnastics.

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "weak" group

Before starting the exercises, it is necessary to calculate the heart rate and respiratory rate: sit on a chair and, leaning back, count the pulse for 15 seconds and the respiratory rate for 30 seconds.

1. IP: sitting on a chair, leaning back on its back. Put the palm on the chest to control the amplitude of breathing. Take a calm breath in through the nose, exhale through the mouth with a "slit". Exhalation is smooth, longer than inhalation; the pause between inhalation and exhalation is natural (without holding the breath). Repeat 4-6 times.

2. IP: too. Raise your hand forward and up (inhale), gently lower it down (exhale). After a pause (2-3 seconds), do the same with the other hand. Repeat 4-6 times. At the moment of pause, the muscles of the arm, shoulder and whole body should be relaxed.

3. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, hands on knees. Bend and unbend the feet and hands at the same time. Don't hold your breath. Repeat 10-12 times.

4. IP: sitting, tightly pressed against the back of the chair. Inhale calmly, exhale smoothly, pinch your nose and hold your breath. The delay is not limiting; breathing begins with a smooth breath. The exercise time is 30-60 seconds.

5. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, palms on the chest. Cough 2-3 times, in short bursts. Pause between coughs. Control the presence of mucus. Fix the chest with your hands: upper, middle, lower.

6. IP: "easy position" - a specific posture that patients with bronchial asthma involuntarily take when suffocating: hands rest their palms on the hips, legs are bent, the center of gravity is shifted forward. Inhale calmly through the nose; exhale slowly through the mouth with a “click”. As you exhale, try to feel the movement of the lower (rear) sections of the chest. There should be a feeling of “squeezing out” the air by the weight of the chest. Repeat 4-6 times.

7. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, arms bent, hands raised to the shoulders. Take a breath. As you exhale, perform circular movements of bent arms forward, slowly. After exhaling, pause and relax. Then perform circular movements back. Repeat 4-6 times.

8. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, arms down. Raise your shoulders as you inhale, lower and relax as you exhale. Repeat 4-6 times.

9. IP: leaning back in a chair, legs are straightened. For 30-60 seconds, relax the muscles of the arms, legs, and the whole body. You can help yourself by saying mentally: "My hands are heavy, warm," etc.

An approximate set of exercises for patients of the "middle" group

1. IP: sitting, tightly pressed against the back of the chair. Take a calm natural breath, then a normal exhalation through the nose, then pinch the nose and do not breathe as much as possible. Repeat 3-6 times.

2. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair. Cough, fixing the various parts of the chest (upper, middle, lower) with your hands. If there is sputum, cough it up. Repeat 2-3 times.

3. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair. Diaphragmatic breathing, 4-5 breaths and exhalations.

4. IP: sitting, tightly pressed against the back of the chair. On the exhale, pronounce the sounds “a”, “o”, “i”, “u”, in the next lessons, perform other exercises of sound gymnastics.

5. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair. Raise your shoulders (inhale), “drop” them (exhale). Pause and relax. Repeat 3-5 times.

6. IP: too. Spread your arms to the sides (inhale), pull the leg bent at the knee (clasping it with your hands) to the chest (exhale). Pause, clear your throat. If there is no sputum, make an extended exhalation. Repeat 2-4 times.

7. IP: "easy position". Diaphragmatic breathing: at the expense of 1.2 - inhale, 3, 4, 5 - exhale, 6.7 - pause. Repeat 4-6 times.

8. IP: sitting on the edge of the chair, hands raised to the shoulders. Turns of the body to the right and left with pauses between movements. Perform until you feel tired. Breathing is arbitrary.

9. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair. Raise the hands to the shoulders, bend well (inhale), lean to the right, Stretch your right hand to the floor (exhale). Pause, relax and perform to the left side. Repeat 3-5 times.

10. IP: too. "Boxing": bend your arms at the elbows, clench your fingers into fists. Bend over (inhale); sharply, with tension, straighten the right arm with a turn of the torso to the left (exhale). Pause, relax. Do the same with your left hand. Repeat 3-5 times.

11. IP: sitting, hands rest on the side and back of the chair seat, legs are straightened. Perform the “bike” exercise on an extended exhalation until the abdominal muscles are tired. Pause and relax.

12. PI: sitting straight, palms on the lower chest. Lean forward slightly as you exhale, squeezing your chest with your hands. Repeat 3-5 times.

13. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair. Close your eyes and, "turning your gaze inward", completely relax. Full or diaphragmatic breathing, 3-6 breaths and exhalations.

14. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair. Bend your arms and clench your fingers into fists (inhale), straighten your arms (exhale). Pause, relax. Repeat 4-6 times.

15. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, legs bent. With tension, raise the heels (inhale), lower (exhale). To have a break; relax by closing your eyes and saying to yourself: “My legs are heavy ...” Perform until slight fatigue appears.

16. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair. Relax completely. Calm smooth breathing, without delays and pauses, 4-6 breaths and exhalations. Calculate pulse rate and respiration rate

Approximate set of exercises for patients of the "strong" group

1. Walking with a gradual transition to jogging, then to calm walking while performing the simplest exercises for the hands (raise your arms forward and up, lower; raise your arms through the sides up, lower). The exercise time is 2-3 minutes. It is necessary to control breathing (ratio of respiratory phases 1:3:1).

2. IP: standing, legs together, fingers clasped into the lock. Raise straight arms up, palms up, stretch, put the straight leg back on the toe (inhale). Return to IP (exhale). Repeat 4-5 times.

3. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair, legs slightly bent at the knees. Calm chest breathing: a smooth breath through the nose, exhalation without effort, longer than inhalation, through a slightly open mouth. Make 4-5 breaths and exhalations. Try to feel the movement of the ribs and maintain the correct ratio of the phases of breathing (1:3:1).

4. IP: sitting, tightly pressed against the back of the chair. Take a calm natural breath, a normal exhalation through the nose. After the end of the exhalation, pinch your nose and do not breathe as much as possible. Then exhale actively. Record the time (in seconds) for holding your breath.
5. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, resting your feet on the floor. Cough "to yourself", silently or uttering the sounds "cough, cough ...", then cough actively, fixing the chest with your palms: a) upper section - the palms rest against the upper edge of the sternum; b) middle section - palms compress the chest from the sides. Repeat 2-3 times, more if necessary. If there is no sputum, do not perform the exercise.

6. IP: sitting, tightly pressed against the back of the chair. Sound gymnastics: within 1 minute it is easy and drawl to pronounce brrah, brruh, brreh. You can measure the duration of pronunciation of sounds. “Words” change at every lesson, up to tongue twisters (“Like on a hill, on a hill ...”).

7. Calm walking and transition to a cross step with turns of the torso in the opposite direction and overlapping of the arms in the direction of the turn. Breathing is arbitrary, movements are relaxed. The exercise time is 45-60 seconds.

8. For 30-40 seconds, walk with a small mincing step on your toes, relaxing the muscles of the shoulder girdle, arms, torso and legs. You should feel the complete relaxation of the whole body.

10. PI: standing, hands on the belt, feet shoulder-width apart, torso slightly tilted forward. Diaphragmatic breathing, 4-6 breaths and exhalations. One palm rests on the stomach, the other on the chest.

11. IP: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, holding a gymnastic stick. For 30-40 seconds (until slight fatigue), perform free swings with your arms to the right and left, as high as possible. Breathing is arbitrary.

12. IP: too. For 30-40 seconds, perform “twisting” turns of the body, holding the stick in front of you. Breathing is arbitrary.

13. IP: sitting on the edge of a chair, leaning back, legs straightened. Leaning your hands on a chair behind you, raise both legs as high as possible and make cross movements: a) on an extended exhalation; b) voluntary breathing. Don't bend your legs. Perform to slight fatigue.

14. IP: sitting, comfortably leaning back in a chair. Calm full breathing, 4-5 breaths and exhalations; hands to control the movements ("wave") of the anterior abdominal wall and chest. Follow the correct ratio of respiratory phases (1:3:1).

15. IP: sitting. Within 30-40 seconds, rotate with brushes: a) freely straightening fingers; b) clenching his fingers into a fist. Movement should be relaxed.

16. IP: standing, feet shoulder width apart. For 30-40 seconds, imitate repulsion with sticks when skiing with hand movements. The push is carried out with force; the arm is folded back.

17. IP: too. Imitate skiing, but with a deep squat: hands back - as when descending a mountain (exhale), hands forward (inhale). Gradually increasing the number of squats, perform until slight fatigue appears.

18. IP: standing, feet shoulder width apart. Diaphragmatic breathing with more active exhalation. 5-6 breaths and exhalations.

19. IP: standing, legs together, arms down. Within 30-40 seconds, alternately relax the legs: the knee of one leg is slightly bent, while the thigh is sent slightly forward, the leg rests on the toe; the center of gravity is transferred to the other leg. The movements are rhythmic. Hands are relaxed. Breathing is arbitrary.

20. PI: sitting, “easy position”. Perform a static breathing exercise for 60-90 seconds. Active exhalation "under the weight" of the chest.

21. IP: sitting, leaning back in a chair, eyes closed. Raise the hands, bend the feet "on yourself" and tighten the muscles. Gently “drop” the hands and feet (they seem to slide off under their own weight) and relax. There should be a feeling of warmth and pleasant heaviness. You can say: "My hands are heavy." Duration 60-90 seconds. 22. Sitting, count the respiratory rate for 1 minute.

It must be remembered that physical activity itself can cause an attack of bronchial asthma (the so-called exercise asthma). Such an attack occurs 5-10 minutes after exercise and is due to cooling and "drying" of the bronchial mucosa. In response to this, a pseudo-allergic reaction develops, which leads to a narrowing of the bronchi.

The most dangerous sports in this respect are fast running, cycling, skiing; the least dangerous is swimming, but not diving. With this form of asthma, it is very important to breathe through the nose during any physical work, since, passing through the nasal cavity, the air is moistened and warmed. It should also be borne in mind that with exertional asthma, an attack can begin after deep and frequent breaths, loud talking and laughter or screaming.

Chronic bronchitis is not necessarily the consequence of an acute one; most often it is associated with constant irritating environmental factors: tobacco smoke, gases, dust, sharp fluctuations in air temperature and humidity.

The main manifestation of chronic bronchitis is an almost constant or often recurring cough with sputum. At the onset of the disease, cough usually occurs in the morning immediately or shortly after waking up and is accompanied by a small amount of sputum. The cough is worse in the cold and damp season, and on warm and dry summer days it may completely stop. Later, shortness of breath appears, which first occurs during physical exertion or during an exacerbation of the disease, and then at rest. This is a sign of respiratory failure. Chronic bronchitis often occurs with symptoms of obstruction - a violation of the "patency" of the bronchi, which may be due to deformation of the bronchial tree, excessive secretion of mucus, bronchospasm. Obstructive bronchitis tends to be more severe. Treatment of chronic bronchitis is a very difficult task, and full recovery is very problematic. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate factors that irritate the bronchial mucosa, ensure free breathing through the nose, and eliminate possible foci of infection in the mouth, nose, and paranasal sinuses.

In the period between exacerbations, non-drug methods are of great importance, and among them - therapeutic exercises.

Approximate set of exercises for patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis

Unless otherwise indicated, inhalation is performed on a count of 1, 2; exhale - 3, 4, 5 and pause - 6, 7, 8 (counting to yourself).

Starting position: sitting on a chair

Spread your arms to the sides (inhale), hug yourself by the shoulders (exhale with the pronunciation of "wow"). Pause. Repeat 5-6 times.

Take a breath. Take the straight leg to the side (exhale), return to the IP. Pause, relaxation. Repeat 5-6 times.

Diaphragmatic breathing, 5-6 breaths and exhalations: at the expense of 1, 2 - inhale, at 3, 4, 5 - exhale, at 6, 7, 8 - pause.

Raise both hands up (inhale), bend over and reach the floor with your hands (exhale with the pronunciation "brrah"). Pause. Repeat 5-6 times.

Lower chest breathing, 5-6 breaths and exhalations. When exhaling, the hands slightly compress the chest, while pronouncing "brr". Pause, relaxation.

IP: standing, straight arms extended forward, spaced slightly wider than shoulders. 6-8 times slowly cross your arms in a horizontal plane. Breathing is arbitrary.

IP: standing, holding on to the back of the chair from behind. Take a breath. At the expense of 1, 2, 3 sit down, you can not completely (exhale). Pause. Repeat 4-5 times.

IP: standing, holding on to the back of a chair, facing her. Inhale, bend your leg and reach the back of the chair with your knee (exhale). Pause. The pace is average. Repeat 5-7 times with each leg.

IP: too. Roll from heel to toe. The pace is average. Breathing is arbitrary.

Circular movements with a straight arm forward and backward. The pace is average. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 5-7 times.

IP: too, but slightly leaning forward. Diaphragmatic breathing, 5-6 breaths and exhalations.

IP: standing, holding on to the back of a chair, legs wider than shoulders. Take a breath. Raise your right hand through the side up and lean to the left (exhale). Run the other way too. Repeat 5-6 times.

IP: standing, hands on the belt. Slowly take your elbows back (inhale), bring them forward (exhale). To have a break. Repeat 6-8 times.

IP: standing, holding hands on the back of a chair. Slowly perform circular movements with the pelvis. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 5-7 times on each side.

Walking in place. Inhale for 2 steps, exhale for 3 steps, pause for 2 steps.

2.2.1 SOUND GYMNASTICS

Sound gymnastics are special exercises that consist in pronouncing certain sounds and their combinations in a strictly defined way. When pronouncing sounds, the vibration of the vocal folds is transmitted to the airways, lungs and from them to the chest. It is believed that this vibration allows you to relax spasmodic bronchi and bronchioles. Thus, indications for sound gymnastics are respiratory diseases accompanied by bronchospasm: bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis.

The strength of the vibration depends on the strength of the air stream that occurs when pronouncing certain sounds. From this point of view, all consonants are divided into three groups.

The greatest force is required when pronouncing deaf consonants p, t, k, f, s; accordingly, there is also the greatest tension in the muscles of the chest and diaphragm.

The tension of average strength develops when pronouncing voiced consonants b, d, d, c, h.

The smallest force of the air stream develops when pronouncing the so-called sonants: m, n, l.

Some consonant sounds in sound gymnastics are indicated by special terms:

buzzing: w, h;

whistling and hissing: s, f, c, h, sh;

growling: p.

The fact that different air jet strengths are required to pronounce different consonant sounds is used in sound gymnastics to train the respiratory muscles, and most of all, the diaphragm. When performing sound gymnastics exercises, it is very important to breathe correctly: inhale through the nose for 1-2 seconds, pause (1 second), actively exhale through the mouth (2-4 seconds), pause again (4-6 seconds). In any case, the exhalation should be twice as long as the inhalation. All sounds should be pronounced in a strictly defined way, depending on the purpose of sound gymnastics. Sound gymnastics classes should be carried out in a well-ventilated area, and even better - in the open air, always before a meal or no earlier than 1.5-2 hours after a meal. The duration of classes and their number per day depend on the state of health and on the degree of assimilation of the previous exercises.

Sound exercises during an asthma attack

1. Pff - 3 times.

2. Mmm - 3 times and pfft - 1 time.

3. Brruh - 3 times and pfft - 1 time.

Wrrug - 3 times and pff - 1 time.

Shrrukh - 3 times and pfft - 1 time.

Zrruh - 3 times and pff - 1 time.

Wrrot - 3 times and pff - 1 time.

An approximate set of sound exercises in the period outside of seizures.

The order in which vowels change in the middle of a "word" is given in parentheses.

1st lesson.
pfft- 5-7 times.
2nd lesson.
Exercise 1. "Cleansing exhalation" pff - 3 times.
Exercise 2. "Closed groan" mmm- 3 times and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 3 Brruh (oh, a, e, and) - one time and pff - 1 time.
3rd lesson.

Exercise 4 Grruf(about, a, e, i) - one time and pfft- 1 time.
4th lesson.

Repeat all previous exercises.
An exercise 5. Drrukh (o, a, e, i) - one time and pff - 1 time.
5th lesson.
Exercise 6 Rrr - 3 times and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 7 Brruh (oh, a, e, and) - one time and pfft- 1 time.
6th lesson.
Repeat all previous exercises.
Exercise 8 Prruh (oh, a, e, and)- once and pfft- 1 time.
Exercise 9 Zhrrukh (oh, a, e, and)- once and pfft- 1 time.
7th lesson.
Repeat all previous exercises.
Exercise 10 Kruh(about, a, e, i)- once and pfft- 1 time.
Exercise 11 Trrukh(about, a, e, i) - one time and pfft- 1 time.
8th lesson.
Repeat all previous exercises.
Exercise 12 Frruh(about, a, e, i)- once and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 13 Chrruh (oh, ah, ee, u)- once and pff - 1 time.
9th lesson.
Repeat all previous exercises.
Exercise 14 Tsrrukh (oh, a, e, and)- once and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 15 Shrrukh (oh, a, e, i) - one time and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 16 Hrrukh (oh, a, e, i) - one time and pff - 1 time.
10th lesson.
Repeat all previous exercises.
Exercise 17 Brruh(about, a, e, i)- once and pff - 1 time.
Exercise 18 grruh(about, a, e, i) - one time and pff - 1 time.
When performing all complexes of sound breathing exercises, after 2-3 initial classes, gymnastic exercises should be gradually introduced.

2.2.2 RESPIRATORY EXERCISES

A contraindication to respiratory gymnastics is the presence of bronchospasm, that is, it cannot be done to patients with bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis.

We remind you that it is necessary to carefully monitor the observance of the phases of breathing. If their duration is not indicated, then you should breathe like this: inhale (count to yourself) - 1.2, exhale - 3, 4, 5, pause - 6, 7, 8. Breathing frequency - no more than 18 breaths and exhalations per minute.

A set of respiratory gymnastics exercises

Starting position: standing

Hands along the body. Raise your hands up, stretch (inhale); return to IP (exhale). Repeat 6-8 times.

The body is slightly tilted forward, the arms are lowered. Diaphragmatic breathing, 5-6 breaths and exhalations.

One hand is raised up, the other is lowered along the body, fingers are clenched into fists. Rapid, energetic change of hand position. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 6-8 times.

Hands on the belt. Make 6-8 circular movements of the pelvis in each direction. Breathing is arbitrary.

Hands on the belt. Spread your arms to the sides (inhale), "hug" yourself by the shoulders (exhale). The pace is average. Repeat 6-8 times.

Hands to shoulders. With the knee of the right leg, reach the elbow of the right hand (exhale); then vice versa. The pace is average. Repeat 6-8 times.

Hands along the body. Take a breath, sit down and wrap your arms around your knees (exhale). The pace is average. Repeat 6-8 times.

Grasp the chest with brushes in its lower part. Lower chest breathing, 6-8 slow breaths and exhalations: inhale, while exhaling, slightly squeeze the chest with your hands.

In lowered hands, a gymnastic stick, arms wider than shoulders, hold the stick by the ends. Take a breath. Raise your hands with a stick up, then lean to the right and take your right leg to the side, exhale. Repeat on the other side. Run 6-8 times.

In the hands of a gymnastic stick, arms shoulder-width apart and extended forward at shoulder level. Take a breath. With a swinging movement of the straight right leg, reach the left hand (exhale). Repeat 6-8 times with each leg at an average pace.

Gymnastic stick behind the back, arms lowered, shoulder width apart. Take a breath. Bending your arms at the elbows and slightly bending in the chest, get the shoulder blades with a stick (exhale). Do not lean forward. Repeat at a slow pace 6-8 times.

The arms are extended forward at shoulder level and spaced shoulder-width apart, in the hands of a gymnastic stick. Simulate rowing. Breathing is arbitrary. The pace is average. Make 6-8 strokes.

Put the stick on your shoulders and hold it by the ends. Turns of the body to the right and to the left. Breathing is arbitrary. At a fast pace, do 6-8 turns.

The arms are extended forward at shoulder level and spaced shoulder-width apart, with a stick in the hands. Raise your hands up (inhale); lean forward, lower the stick down, relax (exhale). Repeat at a slow pace 6-8 times.

Hands along the body. Walking in place: 2 steps - inhale, 3 steps - exhale, 2 steps - pause, etc. The pace is 90 steps per minute.

Starting position: sitting

Lean back in your chair and put your hands on your knees. Diaphragmatic breathing for 1 minute.

Leaning back in the chair, arms outstretched. Bend your arms, raise your hands to your shoulders (inhale), “drop” them relaxed down (exhale). Repeat 6-8 times.

Leaning back in your chair, hands on your knees. Slowly bend and unbend the legs at the ankle joints. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 10-12 times.

Leaning back in the chair, arms outstretched. Spread straight arms to the sides no higher than shoulder level (inhale); relax them down (exhale). Repeat 6-8 times.

Leaning back in your chair, hands on your knees. Separate and bring socks together (heels in place). Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 10-12 times.

Without leaning against the back of the chair, wrap your arms around the lower part of the chest. Lower chest breathing for 1 minute.

3. CONCLUSION

Everyone who is "difficult to breathe" should pay Special attention strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle, abdominals and back, as well as the formation of correct posture.

4. LITERATURE

Paukov, V.S., Khitrov, N.K. Pathology. - Moscow.: Medicine, 1989. -350 p.

Vasilyeva, V.E. Healing Fitness. - Moscow.: Physical culture and sport, 1970. - 367 p.

Epifanov, V.A. Healing Fitness. - Moscow.: Medicine, 2001. - 587 p.

Kukushkina, T.N., Dokish Yu.M., Chistyakova N.A. Guidelines for the rehabilitation of patients who have partially lost their ability to work. - Leningrad.: Medicine, 1989. - 175 p.

Narskin, G.I., Konyakhin M.V., Kovaleva O.A. and other Physical rehabilitation and strengthening the health of preschoolers. - Minsk.: Polymya, 2002. - 173 p.

Velitchenko, V.K. Physical education for weakened children. - Moscow.: FK i S, 1989. - 107 p.

Shestakova, T.N., Logvina T.Yu. Improving and therapeutic physical education for preschoolers. - Minsk.: Polymya, 2000. - 169 p.

Porov, Yu. The ABC of Breathing. - Minsk.: Polymya, 1988. - 46 p.

Galanov, A.S. Games that heal. - Moscow.: Sfera, 2001. - 93 p.

10. Logvina T.Yu. Means of physical culture in the improvement of preschool children. - Zhlobin.: Technical book, 1997. - 53 p.

Weinbau, Ya.S., Koval V.I., Rodinova T.A. Hygiene of physical education and sports. - Moscow.: Academy, 2002. - 233 p.

Prikhodchenko, K.M. School hardening at home. - Minsk.: Polymya, 1988. - 174 p.

Dubrovsky V.I. Massage. - Moscow.: Vlados, 1999. - 495 p.

Biryukov A.A. Massotherapy. - Moscow.: Soviet Sport, 2000. -293 p.

Petrovsky B.V. Brief medical encyclopedia. - Moscow.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989. - 623 p.

Lukomsky I.V., Stakh E.E., Ulashchik V.S. Physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, massage. - Minsk.: Higher School, 1999. - 334 p.

Physical therapy and breathing exercises for various lung diseases are aimed at restoring bronchial conduction, improving the discharge of thick sputum. Exercise contributes to a better blood supply to the lungs and other organs, and has a general strengthening effect on the body as a whole.

Physiotherapy

Any physical activity, no matter how gentle they are, cannot be performed with severe respiratory failure, intoxication, hemoptysis, fever, purulent processes in the lungs and bronchi.

Physical education in diseases of the lungs and bronchi should begin with the simplest and easiest exercises to perform. This is especially important when

Gradually, under the supervision of a physiotherapy doctor, they move on to more complex exercises.

The main thing in physical therapy is the regularity of the events. The body must gradually get used to normal work, rebuild after the disease to a new level. Everything should be as comfortable as possible for the present condition of the patient.

A set of exercises

The complex begins with exercises in the prone and sitting position. While training different kinds respiration - upper diaphragmatic and lower. The patient, lying or sitting, raises his arms up and down, swings his arms, rotates the shoulder girdle. During charging, you should carefully monitor your breathing. It should be as deep and effective as possible. If during the exercise the patient suffocates, coughs, the volume of physical exercises should be reduced to an acceptable level or stopped altogether for a while.

For more effective training, additional tools are involved in the exercises. It can be a regular stick, light dumbbells, an elastic band, a rubber ball.

One of the exercises aimed at the rapid discharge of sputum is to place the hands with a stick or tape behind the back. Then tilts forward and backward, from side to side. This exercise at the first stage of recovery can be done in bed, sitting or lying down. Gradually, all physical activities are performed in a standing position.

The duration of training, their intensity depend on the patient's condition. It is necessary to take into account the level of blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, age of the patient, his fitness.

Breathing exercises

Various breathing exercises are practiced to help restore health in case of pulmonary pathologies.

The Buteyko method of volitional elimination of deep breathing (VLHD) helps with bronchopulmonary diseases, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, COPD, allergies, angina pectoris and other heart diseases, migraine, gastrointestinal colic, hypertension.

Buteyko method. Video

The paradoxical breathing exercises of A.N. Strelnikova are known far beyond the borders of our country. Her results are truly amazing. With the help of a few simple dynamic breathing exercises, some of which are performed while compressing the chest while inhaling, it turned out to be possible to stop an asthma attack in bronchial asthma, get rid of chronic bronchitis and sinusitis, overcome stuttering, restore the lost voice.

Breathing exercises Strelnikova. Video

Let us dwell in more detail on the centuries-old respiratory gymnastics according to the yoga system.

Breathing technique in yoga

After removal of pulmonary edema and during the recovery period for other pulmonary pathologies, gymnastics is shown according to the yoga system.

Yoga breath control techniques known as "pranayama" means "prolonging the life force". They guide the practitioner on the right path, help to correctly inhale and exhale. They can improve lung capacity, help reduce stress and improve your mind, and help you develop breathing control techniques on your own.
For some people it is quite difficult to practice yoga in terms of fulfilling the tasks in this practice, while for others the knowledge of all the "basics" of yoga and meditation is easy. Initially, a person doing yoga breathing exercises may feel uneven in this process, but over time and with acquired skills, yogic breathing will become smooth and easy.
Technique for beginners
It is designed to help practitioners learn to be aware and in control of their breathing, relax during abdominal breathing, relieve stress, and breathe fully. This technique is also referred to as diaphragmatic breathing, as a method that allows you to move from small chest breathing to deep breathing with a full chest. To be able to practice this method, you must:
Sit on the floor with your legs crossed and place your palms on your stomach

Keeping your back straight, slowly inhale through your nose and use your diaphragm while pushing your arm forward, filling your lungs deeply with air.

After exhaling air through the nose, contract the abdominal muscles to push the air out of the lungs.

Intermediate stage of breathing technique

The three phases of breathing, slightly more complex than simple abdominal breathing, stimulate the person to breathe in a full manner to fill the lungs with air from the bottom up. While breathing through the nose is one continuous breath, the lungs will fill in three stages:
During the first phase (similar to abdominal breathing), the person inhales and fills the lower part of the lungs using the diaphragm.
He continues to inhale air in the second phase to expand and open his chest.
In the third stage, air enters the upper chest and lower throat.
It is necessary to place the hands on the stomach, and then on the ribs, and finally on the upper chest when doing the three-stage breathing, to make sure that the technique is performed correctly.
progressive technology
Today, training is also available in so-called "fire breathing," a technique that can strengthen the diaphragm, expand lung capacity, and help clear the respiratory system. To practice this technique, sometimes referred to as "bellows breathing" or "cleansing breathing", it is recommended to be on a high floor with your legs crossed and your palms resting on your knees. After that, you need to quickly breathe through your nose, this process will resemble a snort. When performing this technique, the emphasis should be placed on both inhalation and exhalation. As the number of breaths increases, a steady pace and rhythm must be developed. When performed correctly, the stomach will pulsate in the same rhythm with breathing.
Breath of Ujjayi
Ujjayi is a set of breathing exercises that translates as "victorious", it calms the mind, raises body temperature and promotes mental clarity. This complex can help develop concentration and allows you to control your breathing as you move from one yoga posture to the next.

Breath of Ujjayi. Video
To practice ujjayi breathing, you need to start from a comfortable position on the floor or a sturdy chair. Inhalation through the nose must be done by slightly squeezing the back of the throat and directing the air along its back wall. Exhalation through the mouth should be done with the sound signal "ha" and repeat it several times.
Today, most people believe that yoga is the experience of pure ecstasy through the union of mind, soul and body. But many yoga practitioners and teachers will agree that in addition to providing relaxation and peace, yoga practice develops the limitless abilities of a person to help him control his mind and be in harmony with his inner being.

In the process of breathing, the upper and lower muscles of the respiratory system and the diaphragm can be involved. Therapeutic exercise, or exercise therapy, teaches the patient to use various muscles to ensure effective gas exchange and improve the respiratory system.

Features of exercise therapy to normalize breathing

When a patient is exposed to lung diseases, breathing becomes difficult due to the fact that the lung tissue loses its elasticity, bronchial conduction deteriorates, and as a result, normal gas exchange becomes impossible. The bronchi also suffer: their pathological spasm occurs, the walls thicken, and the branches of the bronchial tree themselves become clogged with excess sputum.

Exercise therapy for diseases of the respiratory system is designed to strengthen the separation of sputum and clear the bronchi of its excess, increase blood circulation in the respiratory system, and stimulate the immune system.

In the recovery period after a cold or during an exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, therapeutic breathing exercises can reduce spasm of the muscles of the bronchi (thus normalizing breathing) and intoxication.

Gymnastics with provides 4 main methods of influencing the patient's body:

General tonic exercises that activate the breathing process and have a positive effect on the state of all organs and systems.
Breathing exercises aimed specifically at the respiratory muscles and affecting the respiratory organs.
Methods for correcting the current pathological process, i.e. contribute to the removal of sputum, improve blood circulation, etc.
Exercises aimed at relaxing muscle groups.

Breathing exercises are effective as an adjuvant treatment or rehabilitation method. However, they cannot replace drug therapy or other medical procedures.

In addition, physical therapy for respiratory diseases has its limitations: it cannot be used in patients with severe respiratory failure, pleurisy, abscess and atelectasis of the lungs, and also health-improving breathing exercises cannot serve as a means to stop status asthmaticus and be used for hemoptysis.

What exercises are the most effective?

Therapeutic exercises have their own characteristics depending on which disease is diagnosed in the patient. Next, consider the approximate sets of exercises for the most common diseases of the respiratory system.

Pneumonia in the process of exacerbation

In acute pneumonia, breathing exercises are designed to solve the following tasks:

Breathing exercises begin to be applied on the third day after hospitalization, during bed rest.

For bedridden patients provides the following set of actions:

The patient lies on his back and breathes calmly. Next, you need to take a deep breath and raise your hands up, as you exhale, lower them.
On inspiration, you need to raise the straight leg to the side, on the exhale - return it back.
Arms bent at the elbows should be raised to the sides while inhaling, while exhaling - lowered.
Then, while inhaling, spread your arms to the sides, while exhaling, pull your knees to your stomach with your hands.

All exercises from this complex must be repeated several times, taking into account the physical condition of the patient. As his well-being improves, you can increase the number of approaches.

The total number of exercises in the complex should be 20-25. Exercise ends sitting. The doctor of physiotherapy exercises should carefully monitor the patient's condition, stop sudden movements when performing exercises.

Pleurisy

Respiratory is prescribed from the second day of hospitalization (in bed rest), from the end of the first week in half-bed and from the second - in general mode.

Each exercise in bed lasts no more than five minutes, bearing in mind the patient's pain syndrome, but it is better to repeat the exercises more often, for example, every hour.

Then the number of classes is reduced to three times a day for up to 20 minutes. While on bed rest, you can do the following exercises:

After transferring the patient to a semi-lying and general mode, the gymnastic methods described above can be used. The emphasis is on turning the body, working with the shoulder joints, circular movements of the arms - this helps to remove excess fluid from the pleural cavity.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, for the prevention of colds, during a cold (acute bronchitis), the same exercises are used as for the treatment of pneumonia. The doctor evaluates the patient's condition and the duration of the exercises on an individual basis.

The use of therapeutic breathing exercises for other diseases

Breathing exercises for sinusitis include the following exercises:

And the common cold is carried out according to the same scheme. It is important to clear the nasal passages before doing the exercises to facilitate breathing, and also monitor the patient's condition: give him a little rest between sets, monitor the absence of dizziness.

Respiratory gymnastics for cardiac arrhythmia provides for the same breathing exercises that were announced above. Their intensity increases gradually.

You need to start with “palms”, “shoulder straps”, “pump” and “cat”, after a week you can add others. In breathing exercises for the heart and blood vessels, other exercises from the Strelnikova complex can also be used - “head turns”, “ears”, “rolls”, “steps”. The same scheme can be used for tachycardia, adding autogenic training and meditation to them. Breathing exercises for the heart can normalize the pulse and reduce the risk of possible complications.

Breathing exercises to lower blood pressure consist of a half-hour performance of “hands”, “chauffeurs”, “pump”, “cat” and “hug your shoulders”. Each exercise to reduce pressure requires 8 breaths of 12 repetitions. If it is necessary to reduce the pressure urgently, this complex is performed at a time. Respiratory gymnastics for hypertension involves repeating this set of exercises with a gradual increase in the number of breaths - first to 16, then to 32.

Respiratory gymnastics for VVD includes exercises such as rhythmic breathing of one nostril, exercises for the development of chest and abdominal breathing.

These techniques, in addition to reducing vegetative-vascular disorders, also work well as breathing exercises for stress, for the heart and blood vessels, and for neuroses. You can also add exercises from the Strelnikova complex to them.

Breathing exercises after a stroke include the exercises described above for bedridden patients with pneumonia. Gymnastics for the vessels of the brain should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

Additional indications and contraindications for gymnastics

Strelnikova's set of exercises is also used to relieve stress, with neuroses, as an auxiliary method for allergies. Respiratory gymnastics for constipation includes exercises for "abdominal" breathing, for vasomotor rhinitis - for "thoracic".

Breathing exercises for the elderly are used to correct conditions such as neurasthenia, dystonia, vegetation of nervous experiences typical of this age, as well as to relieve stress after nervous shocks or surgical interventions.

Breathing exercises for scoliosis are especially useful for children and help prevent gas exchange disorders due to a violation of the location of internal organs.

Breathing exercises should not be used for patients in serious condition, in the first days of bed rest. Tilts, turns, active movements are contraindicated for people who have had a heart attack and stroke, as well as those who have problems with the vessels of the brain (aneurysms, blood clots, etc.). In addition, breathing exercises are contraindicated in people with a threat of bleeding or lung abscess, because. an increase in blood flow can lead to a breakthrough of a purulent cavity or vessel. P

It is also better for patients with fever to refrain from doing breathing exercises: increasing activity will not allow the temperature to decrease.

Breathing exercises are contraindicated for people with:

high intracranial pressure;
trauma to the head or spine;
severe pathologies of internal organs or blood vessels.

In addition, with a high degree of myopia, it is also undesirable to perform breathing exercises because of the risk of increasing intraocular pressure. Children and patients who have undergone surgery, or in preparation for it, must be supervised by a doctor when performing exercises.

The effectiveness of breathing exercises (in particular, according to the Strelnikova method) has been proven in the above pathological conditions as an auxiliary treatment. Breathing exercises do not cancel the course of antibiotics and other medical treatment, but they increase their effect by increasing the lymphatic and blood circulation.

Therapeutic physical culture for respiratory diseases helps a person to rehabilitate after an illness, and regular exercise works as a prevention of vascular, pulmonary and some other types of diseases.

Respiratory diseases are treated comprehensively with the widespread use of physical rehabilitation. Means: exercise therapy, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy - in the hospital period of rehabilitation, and mechanotherapy, occupational therapy - mainly in the post-hospital period.

Therapeutic exercise for diseases of the respiratory system used at all stages of rehabilitation. The therapeutic effect of physical exercises is manifested in the form of four main mechanisms, among which, with the development of respiratory failure, the mechanism of formation of compensation and tonic influence comes to the fore, and in the future - the mechanism of trophic action, normalization of functions.

Physical exercises increase the tone of the central nervous system, favorably affect the neuroregulatory mechanisms for controlling the vegetative functions of the body, enhance motor-visceral reflexes, and activate the organic relationships between movement and breathing.

A feature of the exercise therapy technique for respiratory diseases is the widespread use of special breathing exercises. Volitional controlled static, dynamic and localized breathing is used. The first draws the respiratory muscles into work and contributes to the normalization of the inhalation-exhalation ratio; the second combines breathing with movements and intensifies inhalation or exhalation; the third increases the respiratory movements in a certain part of the chest and at the same time limits it in another part. Patients are taught to voluntarily change the frequency, depth and type of breathing, lengthening the exhalation, which can further increase due to the pronunciation of sounds and their compounds.

Lessons often include static breathing exercises with metered resistance, which is made by the hands of a rehabilitation specialist. Yes, for resistance during diaphragmatic breathing, he presses his hands in the region of the edge of the costal arch, closer to the middle of the chest; upper chest breathing - in the subclavian area; upper chest and middle chest breathing - in the upper part of the chest; lower chest breathing - in the area of the lower ribs.

To perform special breathing exercises, it is very important to choose the correct initial position of the patient, which allows you to increase ventilation in both or in one lung, upper, lower or middle part of it. The most optimal position is standing, because the chest and spine can move in all directions and the VC reaches its greatest values. In the sitting position, in which the ridge forms an arc, inferolateral and inferoposterior breathing predominates, and with a bent back, upper chest breathing prevails. In the supine or stomach position, the movements of the ribs of the lower part of the chest predominate, on the side - it moves freely on the side that is opposite to the supporting one. To enhance the movements of the lower part of the chest in any exit position, it is necessary to raise your hands above your head, and with upper chest breathing, put your hands on your waist.

In the case of accumulation of macrota and pus in the bronchi, drainage positions are used, which contribute to the outflow of the contents of the bronchi into the trachea, from where it is evacuated during coughing. Depending on the location of the pathological focus, patients are provided with appropriate different drainage positions, in which the affected area should be above the tracheal bifurcation, which provides optimal conditions for the outflow of bronchial contents. The effect of drainage exercises is enhanced if, during exhalation, the rehabilitator presses on the corresponding part of the chest, conducts a vibration massage or lightly taps on it. Together with static drainage breathing exercises, which are mostly carried out before the start of the lesson for 5-15 minutes, dynamic drainage breathing exercises are used.

The use of massage in diseases of the respiratory system

Massage balances the main nervous processes in the central nervous system, increases its reflex function, reflexively affects the process of breathing, ventilation, and gas exchange. Yes, when massaging the area of the nose and the nasolabial triangle, the naso-pulmonary reflex is stimulated, which contributes to the expansion of the bronchi and deepening of breathing. It has been proven that when warming up the muscles of the whole body, the minute volume of breathing and oxygen consumption increase. The consequence of this is an increased saturation of arterial blood with oxygen, the elimination or reduction of hypoxemia and, due to increased blood circulation, an improvement in the transport of oxygen by blood to the periphery, the elimination or reduction of hypoxia.

Chest massage strengthens the respiratory muscles, increases its mobility and elasticity, promotes the resorption of exudate, eliminates congestion in the lungs and reduces the likelihood of developing adhesions and other pulmonary-pleural complications. Therapeutic massage is prescribed in the hospital and post-hospital periods of rehabilitation for non-specific lung diseases (emphysema, pneumosclerosis, bronchial asthma). Apply segmental-reflex massage of the transverse, upper thoracic, mid-cervical spinal segments. Massage the reflex zones of the chest, nose and nasolabial triangle; make an indirect massage of the diaphragm, lungs, heart.

Physiotherapeutic methods eliminate reflex circulatory disorders in the bronchial mucosa, activate trophic processes, act anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, desensitizing. They discharge phlegm and discharge expectoration. Physical factors cause active hyperemia in the lungs, stimulate blood and lymph circulation in them; accelerate the resorption of infiltrates and exudate, counteract the formation of pleural adhesions, activate metabolic processes; reduce intoxication, act bactericidal, painkillers. In general, they strengthen and harden the body, have a positive effect on adaptive-compensatory processes, and help prevent exacerbations of the disease.
For diseases of the respiratory organs, the following therapeutic methods are used: inhalation with aerosols (electroaerosols), aeroionotherapy, speleotherapy, sollux, UV radiation, drug electrophoresis, UHF therapy, inductothermy, microwave therapy, diadynamic therapy, coniferous, oxygen, carbon dioxide baths and baths for Gauffe, warming compresses , rubbing, shower, bathing, climatotherapy.