Something has fallen out of the dog's womb. Uterine prolapse in dogs: causes, symptoms, treatment, recovery period and veterinarian advice

Vaginal prolapse (vaginal prolapse) - characterized by complete or incomplete eversion of the walls of the vagina through the genital slit to the outside.

This disease in dogs usually occurs during estrus and is associated with an increased release of hormones into the blood, very rarely the vagina falls out during pregnancy. Vaginal prolapse is most common in St. Bernards and Boxers.

Etiology. Vaginal prolapse in a dog occurs as a result of relaxation of the paravaginal tissue that fixes the vagina, often due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Increased secretion of hormones during estrus. Inadequate feeding, exhaustion, obesity, mineral starvation, hypovitaminosis, keeping a dog without walking on the street, multiple pregnancy, difficult childbirth, old age, etc. predisposes to vaginal prolapse.

Clinical picture. In dogs, as a rule, only partial vaginal eversion of varying degrees is observed. Complete vaginal prolapse in dogs during pregnancy is rare. At the beginning of the disease, the owner of the dog notes a periodically appearing protrusion of the vagina, especially during the act of urination, or may be repeated with each emptying. The dog is worried, licks the prolapsed vagina. On clinical examination, from the swollen loop, we note the appearance of a spherical fold of pink-red color. The mucous membrane of the prolapsed vagina swells, becomes contaminated, injured, becomes tight, rigid. If the disease is prolonged, we note purulent discharge from the vulva and vagina, urination in the dog is difficult, fetid discharge from the external genital organs appears. During a clinical examination, we fix ulcers, vesicles, papules, pustules, erosion, necrosis on the vagina.

Diagnosis based on the clinical symptoms of the disease.

Differential Diagnosis. When making a diagnosis of vaginal prolapse, the veterinarian excludes this disease from tumors of the vaginal wall (leukomyoma and). Vaginal swelling is common in young bitches during proestrus or estrus.

Treatment. In case of incomplete prolapse of the vagina, the base of the prolapsed part of the vagina is bandaged with an elastic band. As a result, the bandaged vaginal tissue dies and falls off after 6-10 days. Pre-catheterize the bladder. In no case is the tissue cut off after the ligation. bleeding occurs. In case of complete prolapse of the vagina, it is treated with detergents (10-20% dimecaide solution, 0.1% Miramistin solution, citeal, atonium, decamethoxin are used) and set. With partial prolapse of the vagina with the appearance of signs of childbirth, a caesarean section is necessary. In the rare case that the vagina prolapses completely, it usually requires the vulva to be widened through an incision in the perineum (perineotomy) to reposition it. Having set the vagina, it is strengthened by applying a circular suture on the border of the vagina and the vestibule, while trying not to damage the urethra. After that, the wound of the perineum is sutured with two rows of sutures: from the mucous membrane - with catgut, from the skin - with silk. Before childbirth, the superimposed circular suture is removed.

History from life. The dog has something hanging out of the noose. The owner paid no attention. I ignored it until that "something" became a maroon color. Then the owner grabbed his head and rushed to the veterinary clinic. Just caught up too late. The dog died from blood poisoning.

If the dog has a prolapse or prolapse of the uterus, what should the owner do? And most importantly, why could this happen and how to help the pet? About everything in order.

It is a rarity?

Unfortunately no. Uterine prolapse is quite common. Especially among representatives of small breeds. There is a high chance of uterine prolapse in dogs that give birth frequently. In young individuals, this misfortune practically does not occur.

Symptoms

How can the owner understand that his pet has been affected by such a problem as uterine prolapse in dogs? The symptoms are:

The dog is worried and pushing. She is suffering from pain in her stomach.
Licks the external genitalia.
Tries to hide.

An important point: such symptoms often occur in a female who has just given birth. You can't slow down here. Urgently call a veterinarian, you need emergency intervention of a specialist.

What does it look like?

Uterine prolapse in dogs (photo not provided for aesthetic reasons) is a rather severe pathology. But there are times when the reproductive organ falls out completely. A bifurcated tube hangs from the vagina to the hock joint.

The prolapsed part of the uterus is pink at first. Then she starts to bleed, becomes burgundy-red. It swells and inflames. The dog behaves very restlessly at these moments. A prolapsed uterus is easily injured.

Why does this happen?

The cause of uterine prolapse in dogs, as a rule, is a difficult birth with profuse blood loss. Due to multiple pregnancy, stretching of the reproductive organ may occur. Forcibly removing a puppy during labor provokes prolapse or prolapse of the uterus.

What else can provoke the disease? Common causes:

Obesity or malnutrition.
Inadequate nutrition.
mineral starvation.
Lack of full walks.
Childbirth in old age.
Old age.

During pregnancy, complete prolapse of the reproductive organ rarely occurs. At first, you can see the periodic protrusion of the vagina. If you do not catch on in time, then the disease can drag on. An unpleasant odor from the discharge from the animal's genitals, purulent discharge, difficulty urinating is a call for the owner. Do not delay visiting the veterinarian.

How to help?

When the uterus prolapses in dogs, what should the owners do? Provide the pet with the necessary assistance before the arrival of the veterinarian.

The female is laid on her side so that her butt is slightly raised. The uterus should be wrapped in a clean cloth. This is done in order to prevent contamination of the organ and, as a result, the occurrence of cracks. If dirt has fallen on the fallen part, it is carefully removed with a damp cotton swab.

Treatment

What is the treatment for uterine prolapse in a dog? Or return it to its primary position, or amputation of the reproductive organ. The animal must be hospitalized. And then the doctor makes a decision on the situation. If necrosis has begun or soft tissues are very heavily contaminated, then the veterinarian will amputate the organ. If the tissues are viable, then the uterus is returned to its place with the help of surgical intervention. In case of uterine prolapse in dogs, the operation is performed under anesthesia. This is a prerequisite.

The sooner the animal gets the help it needs, the better. If you do not provide it on time, the pet will die from blood poisoning.

If everything is not so scary, then the doctor bandages the base of the fallen part. After 6-10 days, it disappears. The dog is under the supervision of a specialist all this time.

When it is possible to set the reproductive organ, if it is viable, the uterus is treated with detergents and set.

What's better?

What to do with uterine prolapse in dogs? Of course, it is better to amputate the organ. Moreover, the fallout can be repeated. At least giving birth to a bitch after that is not recommended. Unless you have a caesarean section.

Pet does not carry breeding value? Great, amputate the uterus without a second thought. Save the animal from the painful repeated "procedure" of prolapse.

Loss during estrus

It also happens, unfortunately. What to do in this case? Wash the vagina with a 2-3% solution of alum. They can be bought at a "human" pharmacy. Then smeared with antiseptics.

If the prolapse recurs, then the reproductive organ will have to be adjusted. Several loop-like sutures are placed on the vulva.

With thickening of the fallen part and its necrosis, as described above, a dressing is done with a silk thread. After 6-10 days, the bandaged part disappears.

Prevention

What measures should be taken to prevent uterine prolapse in a dog?

Firstly, it is a complete nutrition throughout the dog's life. During pregnancy, this is especially true.
Secondly, vitamin complexes in the diet of the animal must be present.
Thirdly, it is necessary to walk with the pet not for five minutes twice a day. The time of the walk depends on the needs of the breed. At least 20 minutes for small breeds and 40 minutes for large breeds.
The fourth point is dog litter. The sleeping place of the animal must be clean and on a flat surface.
Fifth - examination by a veterinarian during pregnancy. It is advisable to conduct an ultrasound to detect multiple pregnancies.
The sixth moment is childbirth. During childbirth, the presence of a veterinarian and the owner next to the dog is mandatory.
The seventh point is careful observation of the dog in the first 12 hours after the birth of the puppies. Uterine prolapse most often occurs during this period of time.
If the owner saw that the trouble had not passed the pet, urgently call the veterinarian.

Summarizing

Let's highlight the main aspects of the article:

Uterine prolapse is more common in constantly giving birth dogs.
Representatives of small breeds are prone to the disease.
Shedding occurs within 12 hours after delivery.
Poor conditions of detention can provoke it: lack of full-fledged walks, lack of vitamins and malnutrition.
Extremely rare, but prolapse of the uterus can occur during estrus. This is due to the hormonal background in the animal.
Treatment is possible in several ways: amputation, reduction and bandaging of the prolapsed part.
After the operation, you must strictly follow all the recommendations of the doctor.

Conclusion

How to protect your pet from uterine prolapse? Good care first. You can not knit a dog regularly, her body is not a birthing machine. Once a year is enough. Mating of old animals is also unacceptable. It is unlikely that an older dog will be able to give good puppies and bear them safely. Not to mention the fact that such a load is a serious blow to a worn out organism.

Dogs are part of the owner's life. And this part must be protected, not exploited.

In some females of a number of breeds (Boxer, Doberman, etc.), during the start, the vaginal mucosa under the influence of estrogenic hormones is so strongly hypertrophied and swollen that it protrudes beyond the genital slit.

Symptoms of the disease

In practice, bitches are sometimes noted to have a complete prolapse of the vagina within a few minutes as a result of previous inflammation of the digestive tract. When the disease is mild, only a protrusion of the infiltrated vaginal mucosa is observed in the form of a spherical fold of pink-red color. In severe cases, not only the upper and side walls protrude, but partially the lower wall, that part, which in the normal state is located from the vaginal fornix to the urethra. This disease is observed at the end of pregnancy, but more often during estrus, and in some - during each estrus. The mucous membrane of the prolapsed part of the vagina dries out over time, is injured, bleeds, undergoes ulceration and necrosis.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnostics based on clinical signs.

Treatment of the disease

In females, when the vagina prolapses during estrus, they are limited only to washing the fallen part with a 2-3% solution of alum, and then apply antiseptic ointments. With repeated prolapse of the vagina, treatment is reduced to the reduction of the prolapsed part and strengthening it by applying one or two loop-like sutures to the vulva, or to ovariohysterectomy. With a strong thickening, ulceration and necrosis, the prolapsed part of the vagina is tightly bandaged with silk, without capturing the ends of the ureters. The bandaged part of the vagina disappears after 6-10 days. In some cases, an operation is performed. First, under local or general anesthesia, a perineotomy is performed, then a catheter is inserted into the opening of the urethra and the prolapsed part of the vagina is excised. Bleeding is stopped by ligation of vessels, and the wound edges are connected with catgut

Pregnancy worsens the conditions for the functioning of organs (liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, etc.) and predisposes to a violation of physiological balance in the body.

Edema of pregnant women

With swelling of pregnant women in the subcutaneous tissue on the pelvic limbs, in the mammary gland, the lower wall of the abdomen, transudate accumulates and there are general or local stagnation of venous blood. Edema is caused by errors in the care and feeding of animals, and especially by the lack of exercise. Edema of pregnant animals is noted, as a rule, in the second half of pregnancy. The edematous places have a doughy consistency and are characterized by a slightly lower temperature.

Minor edema of pregnant women does not disrupt tissue function and is regarded as a physiological phenomenon. With the progressive development of the pathological process, swelling increases and disrupts the function of tissues and organs.

Treatment.
The use of potent diuretics and laxatives is contraindicated. A pregnant animal is provided with regular exercise, watering is limited, moderate feeding with high-quality feed and massage of edematous places without the use of irritating ointments is recommended.

The above therapeutic measures stop the development of edema and contribute to the partial resorption of the transudate. The final elimination of edema occurs after childbirth within 4-6 days.

Inguinal uterine hernia in dogs

Round uterine ligaments depart from the tops of the horns of the uterus, directed to the internal inguinal ring if females have an inguinal canal. This feature of the anatomical structure is a predisposing factor to the appearance of inguinal uterine hernias.

Inguinal hernia may exist before pregnancy or be formed at the beginning of pregnancy, and with the growth of the fetus, it is often infringed. As a rule, the contents of the hernial sac consist of one uterine horn or 1-2 uterine ampoules with fruits.

The diagnosis of an inguinal hernia of the uterus is established by the presence of a round fluctuating swelling between the last nipple and the edge of the pubic bones, to the right or left of the white line.

Uterine hernia differs from intestinal progressive increase with a simultaneous increase in signs of pregnancy.

Treatment is operative. Modern hernia repair to infringement can provide full-term fetuses and normal childbirth. With a strangulated hernia with uterine necrosis, amputation of the uterus or one of its horns is necessary.

Eversion and prolapse of the vagina in carnivores

Eversion of the vagina occurs as a result of invagination of the vaginal tube with a protrusion of the formed fold through the genital slit.

According to the degree of loss, they distinguish:
1) incomplete, partial prolapse of the vagina, manifested in the displacement of part of the vaginal wall and its exit through the vulvar fissure in the form of a fold;
2) complete prolapse of the vagina, when the vaginal tube is completely everted and goes beyond the vulva, with the cervix and body of the uterus enclosed in its fold.

Vaginal prolapse observed in most cases in the second half of pregnancy and is rare in carnivores. It is caused by relaxation of the sphincter of the vestibule and stretching of the tissue of the perineum in combination with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

The disease appears with errors in feeding pregnant animals and lack of exercise.

Partial dropout the vagina is manifested by a protrusion more often than its upper wall and is observed while lying down; in a standing animal, the fallen fold is hidden.

Partial dropout vagina does not affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth.

Complete prolapse of the vagina in most cases occurs as a complication of partial prolapse.

Treatment.
With partial prolapse of the vagina that occurs shortly before childbirth, assistance is limited to preventive measures aimed at preventing trauma to the mucous membrane of the prolapsed part of the vagina, increasing the size of the prolapsed part. The animal is provided with good conditions for keeping and feeding, exercise is provided.

With a complete prolapse of the vagina, it is necessary to set and strengthen the vagina. They do it like this. After mechanical cleaning of the mucous membrane of the prolapsed vagina (washing with a 1% solution of boric acid), the animal is taken by the pelvic limbs and lifted up, while adjusting the vagina.

If there are several days left before the birth, the set vagina is fixed by applying a loop of soft material to the vulva and perineum.

The best fixation of the set vagina is the imposition of two sutures with rollers on the vulva.

Urinary valve hypertrophy in bitches

urinary valve- a small fold of the mucous membrane, crescent-shaped on the border of the lower walls of the vestibule and vagina. Behind it, next to it, is the opening of the urethra (urethra). In some bitches, urinary valve hypertrophy is noted, which consists in the growth of connective tissue under the mucous membrane. In such females, during hunting and estrus, the valve increases even more due to physiological swelling, which contributes to the further growth of connective tissue. So, during the fifth - sixth emptying (hunting and estrus) in bitches, the urinary valve falls out as a result of swelling. After the cessation of estrus, his puffiness disappears and he goes to his place, hides.

In pregnant females with a hypertrophied urinary valve before delivery, when the preparation (swelling) of the external genital organs for childbirth begins, the valve also swells, goes out and stretches a part of the lower vaginal wall behind it. Veterinarians mistake this disorder for a partial prolapse of the vagina, although the upper wall of the vagina protrudes.

If the urinary valve is greatly enlarged due to the growth of the connective tissue, it is not advisable to set it in its place, but it is better to remove it surgically - along the line where the longitudinal folds of the lower vaginal wall end with preliminary local anesthesia and the introduction of a urinary catheter into the urethral opening, which is located behind valve base. The operation is best done before pregnancy or after childbirth.

Childbirth pathology

The pathology of the birth act can be caused by large fetuses as a result of mating a female of a small breed with males of large breeds, an anomaly of the genital area, a weakening of the abdominal press as a result of errors in feeding and keeping pregnant animals, a general morbid condition of the mother's body and anomalies in the development of the fetus.

Weak contractions and pushing
They are characterized by short-term and weak contractions of the muscles of the uterus and abdominals.

There are two types of weak contractions and attempts:
1) primary weak contractions that begin with the opening of the cervix and are accompanied by primary weak attempts;
2) secondary weak contractions and attempts that occur after unsuccessful violent contractions and attempts due to obstruction of the fetus.

Primary weak contractions and attempts, as a rule, are observed in violation of the feeding of pregnant animals and the absence or insufficiency of exercise, as well as in diseases that weaken the mother's body.

Help with weak contractions.
With the primary weakness of contractions and attempts, the use of massage of the abdomen and uterus through the abdominal wall by stroking is indicated. The animal is given sweet water, pituitrin, oxytocin are injected under the skin in doses - for dogs 0.5-1.0 ml, for cats - 0.25-0.5 ml; intramuscularly - 1% solution of sinestrol in doses - 0.5-1.0 ml for dogs, 0.25-0.5 ml for cats. A.P. Studentsov recommends using "squeezing" the fetuses in dogs with a wide towel, tight bandaging of the abdomen in the direction from the diaphragm to the pelvis.

With secondary weakness of contractions and attempts, help is to eliminate the obstruction of the fetus as a result of large fetuses, incorrect position of the position and articulation of the fetus. In most cases, a caesarean section is indicated.

If, with the primary weakness of contractions and attempts, the birth act is delayed at the time of the eruption of the fetus, you should grasp the presenting parts of the fetus with your fingers and carefully remove it.

Dry childbirth.
Labor protracted as a result of primary and secondary weakness of contractions and attempts, premature discharge of amniotic and urinary fluid as a result of spontaneous or artificial rupture of the fetal bladder until the cervix is fully dilated often leads to drying of the birth canal.

Help.
Vaseline oil or benign organic oil is poured into the birth canal and into the uterine cavity using a sterile rubber tube and funnel in doses of 100-200 ml, mucus liquids (decoction of marshmallow root, starch, flaxseed, etc.) in doses from 100 to 500 ml depending on the size of the animal.

Soap solution should not be used when the birth canal is dry, as it is a strong irritant and destroys mucopolysaccharides. As a result of its use, serious complications arise.

After mucus of the birth canal, other indicated methods of obstetric care can be used.

Narrowness of the vulva and vestibule, vagina and cervical canal

It can be congenital in primiparous animals as a result of cicatricial contractions on the basis of former injuries and inflammations, the development of connective tissue bridges due to ulceration, neoplasms. Sometimes there are cases of delayed childbirth in primiparous animals due to congenital or acquired hypertrophy of the hymen (urinary valve located on the lower wall of the vagina on the border with the vestibule).

Clinical signs.
Strong attempts in the presence of all the precursors of childbirth and the delay in childbirth indicate the narrowness of the birth canal or the overdevelopment of the fetus.

Help.
The overdeveloped hymen (urinary valve) is incised with a scalpel; jumpers and adhesions cut with scissors.

Oils (vegetable, vaseline) are introduced into the birth canal. If the eruption of the fetus is delayed, then it can be removed by the presenting parts using obstetric instruments.

In case of pathology of the birth act, due to various reasons (large pregnancy, narrowness of the birth canal, primary weakness of contractions and attempts, incorrect position and articulation of the fetus), it is necessary to apply appropriate methods of obstetric care and wait for the end of childbirth. If the birth is not completed, and a greenish discharge appears from the birth canal, this indicates the decomposition of the placenta and the death of one or more fetuses.

When discharge from the genital organs with a greenish tint, it is necessary to immediately perform a caesarean section.

Afterbirth delay.
The birth act ends with the separation of the placenta (fetal membranes). We can talk about the retention of the placenta if it is not released in the dog and cat 2-3 hours after the birth of the fetus. Detention of the placenta can be a complication of abortion.

There is a complete retention of the afterbirth, when the membranes are in the uterus, and partial, if sections of the choroid remain in the uterine cavity.

The immediate causes of the retention of the placenta are:
1) hypotension and atony of the uterus;
2) proliferation of connective tissue elements in the placenta and in the wall of the uterus during inflammatory processes (placentitis).

The predisposing factors for retention of the placenta include: insufficient exercise, inadequate and insufficient feeding, lack of calcium and phosphorus salts and other minerals in the diet, malnutrition, obesity. The tone of the uterus may decrease with dropsy of the membranes, too multiple pregnancy. In dogs and cats, retention of the placenta is quickly complicated by a general infection; therefore, timely diagnosis and assistance are of particular importance for a favorable outcome of childbirth.

Diagnosis
with complete retention of the placenta, it is easy to establish, and with partial it is more difficult. In dogs and cats, with complete and partial retention of the placenta after the removal of the fetus, dark green discharge is noted, and body temperature often rises.

Help.
Intramuscularly, antibiotics are used at the rate of 6 thousand units per 1 kg of live weight of the animal 3-4 times a day. Recommend massage of the uterus through the abdominal wall in the direction from the chest to the pelvis.

Streptocide is injected into the uterine cavity mixed with antibiotics in the form of a powder using a rubber tube or an emulsion of streptocide and antibiotics. Douching the uterus with a disinfectant solution, recommended by some obstetricians, is contraindicated in this case.

Eversion and prolapse of the uterus in dogs and cats

Eversion and prolapse of the uterus in these animals is rare. In most cases, there is an eversion and prolapse of one uterine horn during or after childbirth, complete or partial.

The cause of this pathology is the dryness of the uterine mucosa during the removal of the last or penultimate fetus.

If labor is delayed and the onset of dryness of the birth canal is noted, the introduction of 150-200 ml of vaseline or benign vegetable oil into the birth canal and uterus with a long rubber tube and a glass funnel prevents eversion and prolapse of the uterine horns.

Help.
If eversion and prolapse of the uterine horn lasted no more than 2 days, the everted and fallen out horn is easily set using nylon sticks 40 cm long and 1.5 cm thick for small dogs and 45 cm long, 2.0-2.5 cm thick for large dogs .

After mechanical cleaning and irrigation of the inverted and prolapsed uterine horn and adjacent parts of the body with a solution of furacilin or potassium permanganate 1: 5000 and applying white streptocide powder mixed with penicillin to the top of the inverted and prolapsed horn 1-2 g, the prolapsed uterine horn is placed in a horizontal position. The end of a sterile nylon stick is applied to its top and slowly set into the horn with light pressure.

In the future, it is possible to control the spreading of the invaginated uterine horn by hand through the abdominal wall, taking it into the fold. After straightening the horn, the stick should be left for 10-15 minutes, and then slowly removed.
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