Vegetative vascular dystonia in children 6 years old. Causes of VSD

According to statistics, vegetative-vascular dystonia in children and adolescents is diagnosed as often as in adults. Despite the fact that some experts do not consider dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system to be a disease, the symptoms of this disease negatively affect the child’s body, depleting it and reducing the quality of life. Therefore, even if minor and isolated symptoms appear, it is important to immediately contact a specialist for complex diagnostics and prescribing adequate treatment.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children aged 3 years

Causes of VSD in children and adolescents

Cases of diagnosing a disease such as vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are quite common. The pathology requires complex treatment and maximum parental participation. The following factors can provoke the development of the disease:

diseases infectious nature;
heredity;
frequent stressful situations;
bad influence chemical and physical environmental irritants;
pathologies during pregnancy;
parents' addictions to alcohol and smoking;
excessive physical exercise;
poor quality, inadequate sleep. Lack of time to rest during the day;
scoliosis, osteochondrosis and other pathologies of the spinal column;
diabetes;
poor nutrition, lack of vitamins;
decreased physical activity;
hormonal changes in adolescence;
excessive mental stress.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia symptoms and treatment in children

An exhaustive list of factors in the development of pathology has not been established by medicine to this day. However, special attention must be paid to the psychological climate within the family, since children are especially susceptible to changes in emotional tension between parents.

Classification of pathology

In order to draw up the most comprehensive and adequate treatment regimen for VSD in adolescents and children, the doctor conducts a thorough diagnosis, during which he determines the etiology, nature of the disorder, type of dystonia and characteristics of the course.

According to the reasons for the development of pathology, the following forms are distinguished:

Dishormonal, caused by changes in hormonal levels during adolescence.
Essential, as a result of heredity.
Infectious-toxic, provoked by infectious diseases, negative environmental influences and other external factors.
Neurological, provoked by disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system as a result of overwork or stress.
Mixed, combines several factors.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children and its treatment

Based on the nature of the disorder, the following types are distinguished:

Predominance of the sympathetic department of the VS (sympathicotonic).
Predominance of the parasympathetic division of the VS (vagotonic).
Mixed.

According to symptoms, VSD is divided into the following types:

Cardiological. Pain, discomfort in the heart area.
Arrhythmic. Heart rhythm disturbances.
Hyperkinetic. Overload of the left ventricle due to increased blood volume, increased pressure.
Blood pressure instability.
Asthenoneurotic. Increased fatigue, loss of strength, anxiety.
Respiratory. Lack of air that occurs even at rest.
Weather dependent.

According to the nature of the course, the symptoms of the disease can be latent, paroxysmal or permanent (constant).

Features of pathology in children under 5 years of age

The causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are varied

Primary manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are possible already in the first year of life. The cause of the pathology can be disturbances in intrauterine development, the course of pregnancy in the mother, and the negative impact of external factors after birth. Symptoms of VSD in children under one year of age may include:

stomach ache;
unstable stool;
weak appetite;
frequent regurgitation;
poor sleep (frequent awakenings).

The next stage, characterized by a high risk of developing pathology, is the period when the child begins to go to kindergarten and come into contact with children and adults without parental help. The following symptoms are typical for VSD in a 2–3 year old child:

increased body temperature;
stomach ache;
tearfulness;
increased fatigue, weakness;
dizziness, headaches;
pallor or blueness of the skin.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) in children

The presence of VSD in a 4–5 year old child may be indicated by the appearance of symptoms such as:

frequent and sudden mood changes;
categorical refusal to attend kindergarten or sports section;
enuresis;
frequent colds, regardless of whether the child attends kindergarten or not;
apathy;
shortness of breath, increased fatigue.

Regardless of the number and severity of symptoms, even a slight deviation from the child’s usual behavior and well-being is an indication to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of the disease in children under 10 years of age

The occurrence of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children 6–8 years old is associated with the beginning of a new, serious and responsible period, namely schooling. An unusual daily routine, new acquaintances with peers, teachers, excessive mental stress and other factors provoke prolonged fatigue, which leads to disruption of organ function. VSD can be manifested by the presence of the following symptoms:

fast fatiguability;
sudden changes in mood, hysteria;
nausea, abdominal pain;
headache;
lack of air, shortness of breath;
pale skin;
thermoregulation disorders.

How to treat VSD in a child

Children aged 9–10 years are susceptible to the development of VSD as a result of a discrepancy between the mental, physical, psychological stress and capabilities and potential of the child’s body. The disease is characterized by the following manifestations:

rapid change in body weight;
increase or decrease in blood pressure;
memory impairment;
restless sleep;
rashes, itching;
depression;
headache.

It is important to understand that intrafamily relationships play a major role in the development of VSD. Communication between parents and the child and among themselves, mutual understanding, trust are important components of the healthy and harmonious development of the child in the family circle.

VSD in adolescents: features of the course of the disease in girls and boys

The main cause of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents is hormonal changes against the background of a discrepancy between psychoemotional and physical development. The presence of the following factors can provoke pathology:

Increased school load. Complex and voluminous homework forces you to spend a lot of time and effort, leading to overwork and lack of sleep.
Physical inactivity. Free time carried out in front of a computer or with a phone in hand.
Consumption of information that negatively affects the fragile psyche (cruelty, violence).
Having difficulties in relationships with peers, teachers or parents.

The course of the disease in boys and girls can differ significantly. Males are more susceptible to pathology. This is due to excessive physical activity or, conversely, addiction to smoking, drugs, and alcoholic beverages. The disease can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

anxiety;
increased fatigue;
memory impairment;
headache.

In the fair sex, the disease manifests itself as a feeling of fear, hysteria, irritability, increased fatigue, tearfulness and mood swings.

Diagnostic measures. Which specialist should I contact?

Risk factors for vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

The first thing parents need to do when identifying any symptoms in their child is to consult a doctor, in this case a pediatrician. Based on the medical history, examination and assessment of the results of basic studies (electrocardiogram, general urine and blood tests), the specialist will refer the patient for further examinations to clarify the diagnosis of VSD and prescribe adequate treatment. The following doctors may be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease:

endocrinologist;
neurologist;
ophthalmologist;
cardiologist;
otolaryngologist;
gastroenterologist;
urologist;
psychotherapist.

Comprehensive diagnosis of the disease may include the following methods:

blood test for hormones;
ultrasound examination thyroid gland;
blood pressure monitoring;
electrocardiogram;
ultrasound examination of blood vessels located in the brain;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
vegetative tests.

Symptoms of VSD in children 7-12 years old

A complete diagnosis allows you to select the most appropriate treatment that will most effectively relieve the disease.

Therapeutic methods

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is, first of all, non-drug therapy. Proper nutrition, adequate exercise, walking fresh air, elimination of stressful situations, prevention of overwork, a psycho-emotionally healthy environment in the family - the basis of treatment.

One of the methods of non-drug treatment is physiotherapy, and it includes:

massage;
acupuncture;
magnetic laser treatment;
electrosleep;
water procedures;
electrophoresis;
phytotherapy;
aromatherapy.

Therapeutic treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

In a situation where non-drug therapy does not bring sufficient results and the child’s quality of life continues to decline, the doctor may decide to prescribe medications, namely:

Cerebroprotectors that normalize metabolic processes in the brain.
Medicines that stimulate blood circulation.
Taking antioxidants is relevant when the disease is caused by the negative influence of various environmental irritants.
Beta blockers are recommended when diagnosing the hyperkinetic type of the disease.
Nootropics that activate intelligence, memory, and mental performance.
Antidepressants that relieve anxiety, hysteria, and help elevate mood.
Tranquilizers.

Even when prescribed drug therapy It is important not to stop following non-drug recommendations. Since eliminating the disease requires a complex and comprehensive impact.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is one of the diseases that can be easily defeated once and for all by promptly seeking help. medical care and following all doctor's instructions.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

The task of parents is to implement the following recommendations for both therapeutic and preventive purposes:

Balanced diet. The menu for a child should contain foods rich in vitamins and minerals. It is important to exclude harmful foods from your diet. fatty foods, carbonated drinks, smoked foods, store-bought sweets, fast food. The diet should be complete, containing fruits, vegetables, berries, nuts, dried fruits, cereals, meat, fish, durum wheat pasta, freshly squeezed juices, and a sufficient amount of clean water.
Full sleep. During rest, the child’s body recovers and replenishes strength. It is important to create favorable and comfortable conditions for sleep and daytime rest. Your bedtime and wake-up time should be the same every day.
It is important to ensure that the child does not become overtired. An intensive school program, a huge number of extra classes, and electives are more likely to harm a child than to help in adulthood.
Do not force, but encourage your child to play sports or other physical activities. It must be remembered that the lack of load has the same negative effect on the body as its excess. Special attention must be paid to hardening.

None of the above recommendations, medications or physical therapy methods will help a child who is under constant stress. Unhealthy family conditions, lack of mutual understanding in the team, psycho-emotional stress are the main causes of VSD. Treatment of the disease must begin with the normalization of the emotional situation. It is important to teach your child an adequate response to stressful situations, help him master self-control and increase self-esteem. Your child's health is in your hands!

Vegetative-vascular dystonia manifests itself in a decrease in the vital activity of blood vessels. Typically, this condition is caused by malfunctions of the organs and tissues responsible for supplying nerve fibers and cells. Modern medicine considers this disease as a borderline state between a healthy and a sick organism.

Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children:

This pathology in children is caused mainly by social reasons. They are associated with the accelerated development of the pace of civilization and the need to adapt to modern conditions of mobile life.
New food products and household chemicals are making their contribution.
Even the child’s psyche is under great pressure today due to the increase in information flows.
Constant growth in the volume of educational programs, stressful situations at school and family.

Social reasons are leading in the development of this pathology, but there is also a genetic predisposition.

We are talking about various diseases that are transmitted genetically and can provoke disruption of vascular activity, resulting in vegetative-vascular dystonia in children. But genetic reasons are not the main ones.

Features of VSD symptoms

In children, this pathology often occurs already in preschool age. It is quite difficult to establish the symptomatic picture at this age because it is blurred motor activity child and frequent mood swings.

But medical experience allows us to diagnose this pathology in children at the early stages of its development. It is important to eliminate all negative factors in a timely manner to reduce the risk of disease.

Types of VSD in children:

When making a diagnosis, the neurologist pays attention to the main symptoms that will indicate damage to a specific autonomic part of the nervous system. Depending on the location of the lesion, the above-described types of disease are distinguished.

Mixed type pathology is the most difficult to treat. Pressure in this form of the disease fluctuates widely, which creates difficulties when prescribing a certain group of medications.

How to recognize VSD in children: what should alert you

Despite the mixture of symptoms, there are some characteristic signs that should alert parents. Particular concern should be caused by the child's passive activity, lack of desire to move and learn new things, sudden changes in mood, and a growing feeling of anxiety.

The main symptoms include tearfulness and apathy. Characteristic violations sleep - the child either sleeps a lot or suffers from insomnia. Some children experience panic attacks, dry skin, increased temperature for no reason, and shortness of breath.

It is important! The listed conditions cannot be called specific and they can manifest themselves in other diseases. But, if one of these symptoms appears, you need to contact your pediatrician and undergo an appropriate examination.

Why is VSD dangerous?

If parents ignore this syndrome and do not consult a doctor in time, complications are possible. Children may subsequently develop various psychosomatic pathologies. They can cause psychological or physical maladaptation of the child.

Diagnostics

The described disorder is difficult to diagnose in children. At the age of five to seven years, children are very active and are characterized by frequent mood changes. These two factors cause the main difficulties in diagnosis. Added to this is the fact that in children under eleven years of age, the pulse is usually increased. He returns to normal only at the age of twelve.

Extremely careful observation of their child’s behavior and communication with him will help parents notice any changes in order to consult a doctor in time.

Diagnosis includes excluding pathologies of certain body systems.

To do this, you need to undergo examination by a neurologist, endocrinologist and cardiologist.

The initial autonomic tone of the child is assessed, and indicators of autonomic reactivity are assessed. The initial state is assessed by analyzing complaints, ECG results, and EEG of the brain.

Timely diagnosis is very important, because if the factors for the development of VSD are eliminated in time, the child will be able to develop correctly and avoid many problems in the future.

Treatment methods:

Non-drug therapy.

With mild symptoms, doctors prescribe this particular way to solve the problem. Because tablets are chemical drugs that have their own side effects.

The components of this type of treatment are:

Compliance with a strict daily routine. It is imperative to sleep eight hours, walk in the fresh air and reduce the time spent on TV and the computer to a minimum;

Physical exercises with the loads that the doctor allows. This could be swimming and skating, skiing, tennis, and other outdoor games;
Psychotherapy is used to help the child deeply relax his nervous system and eliminate emotional tension;
Massage, especially of the collar area, and electrophoresis will also help;
A balanced diet should include sufficient amounts of minerals and vitamins. The child’s diet should not contain a lot of sugar and salt; fatty meat and baked goods should be excluded.
Herbal therapy and acupuncture can be practiced;

Drug therapy

It is advisable in cases where vegetative-vascular dystonia takes a severe form and prevents the child from living and studying normally. This is a group of drugs that contain essential amino acids involved in metabolism. The drug Kratal is often prescribed, which can be used to treat children from the age of six. The drug has natural natural base and improves the child’s performance and emotional state.

Great for helping to cope with illness medicinal infusions motherwort and valerian.

They have a calming effect and normalize the function of the hypothalamus and brain stem.

It is necessary to take infusions at night in the form of infusions diluted with water. Usually the course of treatment lasts about a month. In particularly severe conditions, stronger drugs may be prescribed that reduce the excitability of the central and peripheral nervous system.

What you need to know about prevention

It is necessary to start preventing vegetative-vascular dysfunction in children as early as possible. It consists of organizing the correct daily routine and nutrition.

It should be noted that constant physical activity, hardening and active image life.

A calm, friendly environment within the walls of your home is extremely important. The child should be taught to react correctly to stressful situations.

You can also teach your child certain relaxation and self-hypnosis techniques. Some parents believe that VSD goes away with age, but in fact, if the pathology occurs once, it requires mandatory treatment.

VSD is a balancing state between health and illness. That's why, It is important to consider the symptoms of disorders in time and consult a doctor. Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis, and he will also prescribe correct treatment. Parents must create favorable conditions for their child to overcome the disease together and return to a healthy and happy life.

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Video highlighting Dr. Komarovsky’s opinion about vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child:

One of the most relevant topics in medical practice today is the syndrome of neurocirculatory, or vegetative-vascular, dystonia. The severity of the problem lies in the number of patients - according to various authors, this pathology is detected in 30 - 50% of patients in therapeutic and cardiological areas (in infants, according to some data, the figure reaches 80%). Despite a favorable prognosis due to the absence of organic lesions of the cardiovascular system, the disease worsens the quality of life, sometimes significantly. It can develop at any age, but is more often observed in adolescents during the period of hormonal changes. Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children deserves special attention, since recently the number of patients among them has been steadily growing.

Neurocirculatory dystonia is a polyetiological functional cardiovascular pathology, the main symptoms of which are instability of pulse and blood pressure, cardialgia, breathing discomfort, autonomic and psycho-emotional disorders, decreased vascular tone, and susceptibility to stress.

The term “neurocirculatory dystonia” is used only in the CIS countries. In the USA and Europe, the disease is called vegetative-vascular asthenia. It is considered as a manifestation of psychosomatic disorders within the framework of anxiety neurosis. According to the international classification, pathology refers to somatoform autonomic dysfunctions, accompanied by a violation of the nervous regulation of the circulatory system.

The exact causes of the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia are unknown. Functional disorders of the cardiovascular system in children and adolescents arise due to various factors:

constant nervous shock;
infectious diseases;
hormonal changes during puberty;
hereditary predisposition;
the action of external physical and chemical stimuli;
violation of the daily routine, insufficient time for rest and sleep;
physical inactivity;
poor nutrition;
smoking.

The family microclimate has a great influence on the development of vegetative-vascular disorders in children. This is especially true for infants, whose bodies are highly susceptible not only to physical, but also psychological stimuli. If there is an unfavorable atmosphere in the family, the baby’s autonomic nervous system may malfunction.

Classification and symptoms

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are characterized by diversity, while pathological changes in the child’s body are practically absent. Therefore, a number of main clinical syndromes are distinguished:

Cardialgic. Pain or discomfort in the area of the heart. Cardialgia with vegetative-vascular dystonia has distinctive features - pain is often localized in the pericardium, especially in its upper region, has an aching or stabbing character, is not intense and does not radiate. The pain syndrome occurs at rest, but sometimes appears during strong unrest or physical stress.
Hyperkinetic. The volume of blood pumped out by the heart per beat increases, increasing blood pressure. At the same time, the capacity of the vessels increases (due to changes in their hemodynamic characteristics), further exacerbating the overall effect. As a result, the left ventricle experiences great stress, so during examination, children are sometimes misdiagnosed as a suspected heart defect.
Respiratory. The child experiences a feeling of lack of air during physical activity, and sometimes at rest. During the examination, the doctor notes signs of hyperventilation. It is believed that the cause of such disorders is excess adrenaline in the blood.
Asthenoneurotic. Its main symptoms are weakness and increased fatigue. Also characteristic is the child’s fixation of attention on his own feelings, a state of anxiety, excessive excitability, sleep disturbances, and cardiophobia.
Heart rhythm and automaticity disorder. Symptoms are reduced to disorders sinus rhythm, accompanied by additional impulses outside the conduction system of the heart.
Syndrome of changes and lability of blood pressure. A transient increase in blood pressure and its extreme lability are the main signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia. In the presence of similar symptoms the disease is classified as hypertensive type. But some children and adolescents have a tendency to decrease blood pressure, which indicates a hypotonic type of dystonia. The reasons for these deviations are not fully understood, but it has been established that a deterioration in peripheral vascular tone has a significant impact. This leads to the deposition of blood in them and a decrease in the outflow of its venous component to the heart.
Autonomic disorders. The main symptoms include increased sweating, periodic increases in temperature to low-grade fever, and the impact of changes in weather conditions on general well-being. A child’s hands and face may swell in the morning, and in the evening their legs may swell (due to impaired microcirculation, which causes the extremities to be constantly cold).

It is quite difficult to identify and classify neurocircular dystonia in infants due to the similarity of symptoms with other diseases. The presence of pathology may be indicated by frequent regurgitation, colic, changeable stools, decreased appetite, allergic skin reactions, poor sleep, and spontaneous crying. In any case, if such signs are detected, the child should be shown to a doctor.

The most common causes of VSD in a child

Diagnostics

The examination program for children and adolescents with suspected vegetative-vascular dystonia includes the following procedures:

pressure measurement;
electrocardiography;
X-ray of the chest (to exclude pathologies of the myocardium and heart valves; if necessary, echocardiography is also prescribed);
test during dosed physical activity (to exclude coronary heart disease);
24-hour blood pressure monitoring.

Complications

Of all the complications of neurocircular dystonia most attention deserves a vegetative crisis, since its prevalence is about 65% of all patients. More often it happens at night, the child wakes up for no reason and, depending on the type of crisis, feels the following symptoms:

Sympathoadrenal. Unmotivated anxiety and fear arise, accompanied by a headache. Blood pressure rises, and unpleasant sensations appear in the heart area. The pulse noticeably quickens, while the child’s skin turns pale and he shudders. The crisis ends spontaneously, and many children are subsequently overcome by severe weakness. The body begins to intensively produce urine, which sometimes leads to its involuntary release.
Vagoinsular. It is characterized by dizziness, weakness, and nausea. It seems to the patient that the heart periodically stops, there is an acute lack of air, the feet and palms sweat a lot. Vagoinsular crisis is often accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders; after its completion, severe asthenia is observed.
Mixed. It manifests itself as symptoms of the two previous types, and their combination can occur in different variations.

How to treat cardiopathy in children - a comprehensive article about this disease, we advise you to read it, because when faced with this disease, it is important to understand what to do.

Treatment

Non-drug

Treatment of neurocircular dystonia in childhood is predominantly non-drug. Drugs are used only as a last resort. More often than not, a child just needs to follow a few simple rules:

Allocate sufficient time for sleep. A baby up to one year old should sleep about 14 hours a day, up to 5 years old - 13, at primary school age - 12, after 7 - 8 years old - 10 - 11. A child over 10 years old needs to sleep 9 hours, including going to bed and getting up follows at the same time. A constant regimen will significantly increase the tone of the body and reduce Negative influence everyday psycho-emotional stimuli.
Take daily walks (at least 2 hours).
Schoolchildren should take breaks while doing homework or reading books.
Play sports, attend appropriate sections. It's good to go swimming.
Eat right and on time. You should pay attention to the amount of vitamins you get from food (especially in winter).
To stabilize the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, it is recommended to go for a massage. If necessary, the child is also prescribed physical therapy.

Medication

Drug treatment is necessary in cases where vegetative-vascular dystonia significantly worsens the child’s quality of life. However, it is effective only in combination with the measures described in the previous chapter. The therapeutic course is selected individually. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe the following medications:

blood pressure lowering agents;
drugs that normalize metabolic processes in the brain (cerebroprotectors);
for the hyperkinetic type of the disease - beta blockers;
blood circulation stimulants;
antioxidants;
during severe attacks of vegetative crisis - tranquilizers or antidepressants.

Physiotherapy

Recently, children and adolescents with neurocircular dystonia are increasingly prescribed physical therapy. There are quite a few treatment methods, and the choice of the most effective one is made individually, depending on the general condition of the child and the severity of the symptoms of the disease. Most common received the following procedures:

Electrophoresis. For an auxiliary solution, use 2% novocaine (for heart pain), magnesium sulfate (for high blood pressure), potassium iodide (at the final stage).
Acupuncture. Through stimulation biologically active points Microcirculation on the child’s body improves and the body’s tone increases.
Acupressure . It is performed in the cervical and lumbar region. The standard complex of such physiotherapy consists of three courses, between which there is a month's break. Massage for a child should only be performed by a qualified specialist.
Water procedures. Includes taking tonic baths or contrast showers. Before carrying out such procedures, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

As prescribed by a specialist, treatment may include other measures.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children has a favorable prognosis, since this disease does not lead to organic damage to the heart. However, in rare cases, the child's active activities can be significantly complicated. Therefore, it is so important from childhood to instill in your child the concept of doing the right thing. healthy image life.

The human autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Their function is to regulate the functioning of internal organs, maintain important indicators: temperature, pressure, pulse and others. The activity of this system determines how the body will react to the influence of external factors.

What is vegetative-vascular dystonia?

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is not considered an independent disease. In ICD-10 it is designated by code G90.8. Pathology implies a set of signs that arise against the background of the development of central or suprasegmental disorders autonomic function body, responsible for maintaining blood pressure, pulse, temperature, pupil width, and the functioning of internal organs.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a fairly common phenomenon, occurring in the vast majority of the population. However, less than half of people need serious medical care. Usually the disease manifests itself in children during puberty and women during pregnancy.

Reasons for development

In a newborn child, autonomic dysfunction develops more often due to hereditary predisposition. VSD also occurs in children whose physical development occurs faster than neurohormonal development.

In adults, pathology appears for many reasons, the leading of which is stress. In addition to this, the culprits for the development of VSD may be:

Acute or chronic diseases.
Poisoning of the body.
Cold.
Sleep disorders.
Chronic fatigue.
Poor nutrition.
Excessive physical activity or, conversely, sedentary image life.
Change of time zone or climate.
Hormonal imbalance in the body.

These factors negatively affect the functioning of the peripheral nervous system and provoke disruption metabolic processes in the tissues of the heart and blood vessels. As a result, the body reacts inadequately even to minor physical activity.

Types of VSD

There are several types of neurocirculatory dystonia. Each variety has its own characteristics. Doctors distinguish the following classification of pathology:

Hypertensive type. It is characterized by increased tone of blood vessels and high blood pressure. Accompanied by pain in the head, rapid heartbeat, increased fatigue, and a feeling of heat. The skin located in the heart area becomes quite sensitive. If this type of VSD is not treated, hypertension may develop.
Hypotonic. In this case, signs of vascular insufficiency appear, because vascular tone is significantly reduced. Because of this, a person becomes weak, he is often bothered by attacks of dizziness, he often loses consciousness, he is tormented by pressure changes, and astheno- neurotic syndrome. Sharp jumps in blood pressure and body temperature are also characteristic.
Mixed. This type of dystonia occurs when vascular tone is unstable, when it either increases or decreases. The pathology is characterized by fluctuations in blood pressure and various symptoms that are inherent in both hypertensive and hypotonic types of dystonia.
Cardiac. With this type of vegetative-vascular dystonia, the patient complains of pain in the heart of a different nature, and extrasystole is detected. But there are no pronounced symptoms of the development of serious pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

Symptoms

Somatoform vegetative dystonia has a rich set of symptoms, similar to the clinical picture of neurosis, which greatly complicates the identification of VSD. Typically, pronounced symptoms occur only during an exacerbation, then for a long period they may not bother the patient.

VSD is manifested by the following symptoms:

Cerebral manifestations in the form of dizziness, cephalgic syndrome.
Feeling anxious.
Asthenia.
Panic attacks.
Sleep disorders.
Losing weight.
Depression.
Frequent urge to urinate.
Regular feeling of fear.
Memory impairment.
Paresthesia.
Congestion and noise in the ears.
Heartbeat disturbance.
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, shortness of breath.
Feeling weak.
Meteor dependence.
Sensory disorders.
Profuse sweating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Polyneuropathy of the arms and legs.
Syncope syndrome.
Chills.

Mental disorders with autonomic dysfunction can cause a person to experience derealization or depersonalization. In the first case, the patient ceases to adequately perceive the world around him, and in the second - himself.

ATTENTION!!! Many people do not pay attention to these symptoms of VSD, attributing everything to ordinary fatigue, overexertion, stress and other problems. As a result, the pathology develops into more severe diseases. Therefore, it is important to visit a doctor on time.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia is complex and consists of many techniques. In each specific case, the doctor prescribes a specific list of manipulations. These may include the following types examinations:

It is important for the attending physician to conduct a differential examination, distinguishing dystonia from other diseases with similar symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment of vegetative-vascular circulatory dystonia is carried out in a comprehensive manner and is prescribed by a doctor for each patient individually.

Drug therapy

Drug therapy is used to eliminate the clinical manifestations of VSD. But they are not able to completely cure the disease. As a rule, doctors prescribe the following medications:

Herbal medicines made from herbs, for example, valerian.
Antidepressants.
Tranquilizers.
Nootropics.
Vascular agents.
Adaptogens.

Typically, drug therapy begins with mild drugs with a sedative effect. If there is no positive dynamics from them, then mild tranquilizers and antidepressants are used. If the patient has an increased feeling of anxiety, panic and other neurotic and mental disorders, then stronger medications are prescribed.

ATTENTION!!! Medicines have their contraindications and side effects, so taking them without a doctor’s permission is not recommended.

Physiotherapy and psychotherapy

Effective methods of physiotherapy are:

Electrophoresis, which allows drugs to be administered into the patient’s body through the skin using an electric current.
Electrosleep, in which weak electrical impulses affect the brain.
Acupuncture, during which needles are applied to certain points on the body that are responsible for certain body functions.
Magnetic therapy performed using a magnetic field.
Laser therapy, when the body is exposed to a laser beam.

Patients with VSD are recommended to work with a psychologist. Indeed, with dystonia, disturbances in the psychoemotional state often occur. For some, they simply manifest themselves in the form of irritability, tearfulness, and for others, depression develops. Psychotherapy will help avoid the occurrence of serious disorders, restore emotional background.

Massage

Massage helps well with vegetative-vascular dystonia. If a person suffers from a hypertensive type of pathology, then it is recommended to massage the collar area, legs and abdomen. In this case, it is not allowed to use striking techniques or beating.

For hypotonic dystonia, acupressure and general massage are performed using classical techniques: stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration. With the help of massage sessions, the functioning of the nervous system is stabilized, headaches are relieved, and sleep is normalized.

Physical training

For vegetative-vascular dystonia, patients are advised to exercise physical therapy. The task of exercise therapy is to strengthen the body and increase its resistance to the influence of the external environment. In the process of performing exercises, blood pressure normalizes and improves psycho-emotional state, blood circulation is restored.

Patients are advised to engage in swimming, water aerobics, cycling, skating or skiing, and running. You can also visit the gym. But you should not choose exercise machines whose exercises require you to be in a head-down position. It is best to exercise on a treadmill or exercise bike.

Doctors do not allow patients with vegeto vascular dystonia following:

Strength exercises.
Body-building.
Jumping from heights.
Somersaults.
Somersault.
Eastern martial arts.

Therapeutic gymnastics should begin with simple exercises, gradually increasing the load.

Traditional methods

For vegetative-vascular dystonia, doctors recommend using traditional medicine. Usually they use decoctions, infusions of medicinal herbs that have a calming effect. A decoction of the following plants has a beneficial effect on the autonomic nervous system: hawthorn flowers, oregano, motherwort, lemon balm, hop cones, peppermint, thyme.

Pour half a liter of boiling water over a large spoon of this mixture, let it brew for 30 minutes, and filter. Accept folk medicine 3 times a day, a glass. Treatment is carried out for 20 days, then interrupted for a week and therapy is continued.

For high blood pressure due to vegetative-vascular dystonia, the following recipe is used: 10 g of hawthorn berries are poured into a glass of warm water, placed in a water bath for 25 minutes, and allowed to cool. The berries are removed and a large spoonful of the decoction is taken three times a day for a month.

If, on the contrary, a person has low blood pressure, then you can use the following remedy: 100 g of Rhodiola rosea roots are poured with 500 ml of alcohol and left in a dark place for a week. Take the tincture three times a day, 10 drops diluted in a glass of water. Treatment with this medicine lasts for 2 weeks.

Diet for VSD

With angiodystonia, patients must follow the basic principles of dietary nutrition. The patient’s diet should contain only those foods that contain large amounts of vitamins and microelements.

Fresh vegetables and fruits.
Porridge.
Dairy and fermented milk products.
Fish and seafood.
Lean meat.

You should avoid fatty, salty, spicy foods, fast food, sausages and processed foods, strong coffee and tea, and alcoholic beverages.

VSD and the army

Before entering the army, all conscripts are required to undergo a thorough examination. Mild psychovegetative syndrome is not an obstacle to military service. But pathology in the moderate and severe stages can lead to serious health problems.

They do not take into the army guys who have been diagnosed with VSD of the hypertensive type, with high blood pressure - 140–155/90–100. It is strictly forbidden to send conscripts into service who have pronounced manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia, for example, frequent loss consciousness, heart problems, neurological disorders.

Forecast

The prognosis for vegetative-vascular dystonia is favorable. But in most cases, the disease does not disappear and at times manifests itself with various symptoms. It is very rare, but still possible, that VSD will provoke the development of pathologies such as arterial hypertension, heart failure, vestibulopathy, arrhythmia, endocarditis.

You can completely get rid of dystonia in childhood. Self-healing often occurs after hormonal changes in children adolescence, women after childbirth or during PMS, menopause.

Prevention

Vegetovascular dystonia is a disease accompanied by unpleasant symptoms that interfere with a normal lifestyle. Therefore, it is better to prevent its development. There are no specific measures for prevention; you just need to lead a healthy lifestyle.

For support coordinated work In the body, a person needs to exercise, eat right, follow a daily routine, spend more time in the fresh air, and avoid stressful situations. You are also required to refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol.

Thus, vegetative-vascular dystonia is a disorder of the body’s autonomic system, manifested by numerous symptoms.

According to statistics, vegetative-vascular dystonia in children and adolescents is diagnosed as often as in adults. Despite the fact that some experts do not consider dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system to be a disease, the symptoms of this disease negatively affect the child’s body, depleting it and reducing the quality of life. Therefore, even if minor and isolated symptoms appear, it is important to immediately contact a specialist to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children aged 3 years

Causes of VSD in children and adolescents

infectious diseases;
heredity;
frequent stressful situations;
negative influence of chemical and physical environmental irritants;
pathologies during pregnancy;
parents' addictions to alcohol and smoking;
excessive physical activity;
poor quality, inadequate sleep. Lack of time to rest during the day;
scoliosis, osteochondrosis and other pathologies of the spinal column;
diabetes;
poor nutrition, lack of vitamins;
decreased physical activity;
hormonal changes in adolescence;
excessive mental stress.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia symptoms and treatment in children

Classification of pathology

In order to draw up the most comprehensive and adequate treatment regimen for VSD in adolescents and children, the doctor conducts a thorough diagnosis, during which he determines the etiology, nature of the disorder, type of dystonia and characteristics of the course.

According to the reasons for the development of pathology, the following forms are distinguished:

Dishormonal, caused by changes in hormonal levels during adolescence.
Essential, as a result of heredity.
Infectious-toxic, provoked by infectious diseases, negative environmental influences and other external factors.
Neurological, provoked by disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system as a result of overwork or stress.
Mixed, combines several factors.

And her treatment

Based on the nature of the disorder, the following types are distinguished:

Predominance of the sympathetic department of the VS (sympathicotonic).
Predominance of the parasympathetic division of the VS (vagotonic).
Mixed.

According to symptoms, VSD is divided into the following types:

Cardiological. Pain, discomfort in the heart area.
Arrhythmic. Heart rhythm disturbances.
Hyperkinetic. Overload of the left ventricle due to increased blood volume, increased pressure.
Blood pressure instability.
Asthenoneurotic. Increased fatigue, loss of strength, anxiety.
Respiratory. Lack of air that occurs even at rest.
Weather dependent.

According to the nature of the course, the symptoms of the disease can be latent, paroxysmal or permanent (constant).

Features of pathology in children under 5 years of age

The causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are varied

stomach ache;
unstable stool;
weak appetite;
frequent regurgitation;
poor sleep (frequent awakenings).

increased body temperature;
stomach ache;
tearfulness;
increased fatigue, weakness;
dizziness, headaches;
pallor or blueness of the skin.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) in children

The presence of VSD in a 4–5 year old child may be indicated by the appearance of symptoms such as:

frequent and sudden mood changes;
categorical refusal to attend kindergarten or sports section;
enuresis;
frequent colds, regardless of whether the child attends kindergarten or not;
apathy;
shortness of breath, increased fatigue.

Regardless of the number and severity of symptoms, even a slight deviation from the child’s usual behavior and well-being is an indication to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of the disease in children under 10 years of age

fast fatiguability;
sudden changes in mood, hysteria;
nausea, abdominal pain;
headache;
lack of air, shortness of breath;
pale skin;
thermoregulation disorders.

How to treat VSD in a child

rapid change in body weight;
increase or decrease in blood pressure;
memory impairment;
restless sleep;
rashes, itching;
depression;
headache.

It is important to understand that intrafamily relationships play a major role in the development of VSD. Communication between parents and the child and among themselves, mutual understanding, trust are important components of the healthy and harmonious development of the child in the family circle.

VSD in adolescents: features of the course of the disease in girls and boys

Adolescent vascular dystonia

The main cause of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents is hormonal changes against the background of a discrepancy between psycho-emotional and physical development. The presence of the following factors can provoke pathology:

Increased school load. Complex and voluminous homework forces you to spend a lot of time and effort, leading to overwork and lack of sleep.
Physical inactivity. Free time is spent in front of the computer or with the phone in hand.
Consumption of information that negatively affects the fragile psyche (cruelty, violence).
Having difficulties in relationships with peers, teachers or parents.

anxiety;
increased fatigue;
memory impairment;
headache.

In the fair sex, the disease manifests itself as a feeling of fear, hysteria, irritability, increased fatigue, tearfulness and mood swings.

Diagnostic measures. Which specialist should I contact?

Risk factors for vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

endocrinologist;
neurologist;
ophthalmologist;
cardiologist;
otolaryngologist;
gastroenterologist;
urologist;
psychotherapist.

Comprehensive diagnosis of the disease may include the following methods:

blood test for hormones;
ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland;
blood pressure monitoring;
electrocardiogram;
ultrasound examination of blood vessels located in the brain;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
vegetative tests.

Symptoms of VSD in children 7-12 years old

A complete diagnosis allows you to select the most appropriate treatment that will most effectively relieve the disease.

Therapeutic methods

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is, first of all, non-drug therapy. Proper nutrition, adequate physical activity, walks in the fresh air, elimination of stressful situations, prevention of overwork, a psycho-emotionally healthy environment in the family are the basis of treatment.

One of the methods of non-drug treatment is physiotherapy, and it includes:

massage;
acupuncture;
magnetic laser treatment;
electrosleep;
water procedures;
electrophoresis;
phytotherapy;
aromatherapy.

Therapeutic treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

In a situation where non-drug therapy does not bring sufficient results and the child’s quality of life continues to decline, the doctor may decide to prescribe medications, namely:

Cerebroprotectors that normalize metabolic processes in the brain.
Medicines that stimulate blood circulation.
Taking antioxidants is relevant when the disease is caused by the negative influence of various environmental irritants.
Beta blockers are recommended when diagnosing the hyperkinetic type of the disease.
Nootropics that activate intelligence, memory, and mental performance.
Antidepressants that relieve anxiety, hysteria, and help elevate mood.
Tranquilizers.

Even when prescribing drug therapy, it is important not to stop following non-drug recommendations. Since eliminating the disease requires a complex and comprehensive impact.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is one of the diseases that can be easily defeated once and for all by promptly seeking medical help and following all doctor’s instructions.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adolescents

The task of parents is to implement the following recommendations for both therapeutic and preventive purposes:

Balanced diet. The menu for a child should contain foods rich in vitamins and minerals. It is important to exclude unhealthy, fatty foods, carbonated drinks, smoked foods, store-bought sweets, and fast food from your diet. The diet should be complete, containing fruits, vegetables, berries, nuts, dried fruits, cereals, meat, fish, durum wheat pasta, freshly squeezed juices, and a sufficient amount of clean water.
Full sleep. During rest, the child’s body recovers and replenishes strength. It is important to create favorable and comfortable conditions for sleep and daytime rest. Your bedtime and wake-up time should be the same every day.
It is important to ensure that the child does not become overtired. An intensive school program, a huge number of extra classes, and electives are more likely to harm a child than to help in adulthood.
Do not force, but encourage your child to play sports or other physical activities. It must be remembered that the lack of load has the same negative effect on the body as its excess. Special attention must be paid to hardening.

Good day, dear readers!

In this article we will look at vegetative-vascular dystonia and everything connected with it.

What is vegetative-vascular dystonia?

Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD)– a complex of various clinical manifestations that develop as a result of disruption of the functionality of the autonomic nervous system of certain organs (mainly the heart and blood vessels) and body systems.

Other names of VSD - autonomic dysfunction, neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD).

How does the autonomic nervous system work?

To make it easier to understand this concept, it should be noted that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an autonomous part of the body’s nervous system, the center of which is located along the spine. The ANS consists of 2 conditioned mechanisms (divisions) that control the functioning of organs - sympathetic and parasympathetic. Both sections of the ANS, thanks to the presence of nerve cells in each organ and system, regulate their functionality, for example, causing the urge to defecate or urinate, feelings of hunger, nausea, increased or slow heartbeat, increased or decreased blood pressure, desire to sleep or lack of sleep, respiratory processes, production of insulin, adrenaline, serotonin, etc.

The sympathetic department is responsible for the activation of all processes, and the parasympathetic department is responsible for the relaxation or rest of certain organs.

How it works? A person is hungry, a signal goes to the autonomic nervous system, the person eats food, and the receptors again report this to the ANS, which sends a signal to the pancreas, which produces the juice necessary for processing food. After the required portion of juice, when the food is processed, the stomach reports this to the ANS, and it “talks” to the pancreas, which stops the production of juice, then as food passes through the gastrointestinal tract, the whole process is regulated, ending with the urge to defecate. Thus, the autonomic nervous system constantly regulates the work of the entire organism as a whole, either activating or deactivating the work of each of the organs, in automatic mode. Thanks to these mechanisms, a person does not need to think - how to breathe, or produce pancreatic juice, or increase body temperature if an infection has gotten inside, how to raise an arm or bend a leg, dilate the pupil in the dark or constrict in bright light, etc.

When, due to various pathological factors, the functioning of the autonomic nervous system malfunctions, the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic sections of the ANS is disrupted, a person feels various kinds symptoms, and at the level or organ where the violation occurred. It is important to note that the organ may not actually be sick, only its connection with the nervous system is lost, and therefore the normal functioning of the organ/system is disrupted.

Thus, in simple terms, vegetative-vascular dystonia is a collective name for various clinical manifestations (symptoms) that arise due to a disruption in the functioning of the central and/or peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Moreover, you need to understand that, for example, high blood pressure during VSD is not associated with hypertension, but manifests itself due to a disruption in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system at the level of the cardiovascular system, just like heart pain. But, if VSD is not treated and due attention is not given, it can lead to real diseases of certain organs - coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension other diseases of certain organs/systems.

Doctors note that vegetative-vascular dystonia is most often observed in children (25-80%), most often at the age of 7-8 years or adolescents, mostly female, and in urban environments. This age falls precisely on transitional periods, possibly stressful ones, when a child moves from kindergarten to the first grade of school, as well as graduation from school and studies in higher educational institutions. VSD is increasingly common in adults, which is also due to modern, often negative news in the media, as well as the often unpredictable “tomorrow”.

VSD. History and modernity

It is impossible not to mention an interesting fact, which perhaps many people do not know, that the diagnosis of VSD, in fact, was made only to residents of the USSR, although today some doctors use it. This is evidenced by the absence of this disease in the international classification of diseases (ICD-10), because This kind of disease does not exist in Europe and America.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD)

The symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are very diverse and differ in one direction or another depending on the cause, as well as the organ or system in which this disorder occurred. Thus, according to the same criteria, the VSD group included the following syndromes with their own characteristic features.

Parasympathicotonia (Vagotonia)

Vagotonia, or nervus vagus, is characterized by the following symptoms: depression, increased fatigue, sleep disorders (insomnia or excessive sleepiness), memory impairment, decreased performance, apathy, fearfulness, abdominal pain, appetite disturbances, nausea, bad feeling in a stuffy room or in the cold, dizziness, leg pain, acrocyanosis, increased sweating, frequent urination, constipation, transient swelling under the eyes and allergic reactions.

From the cardiovascular system, the following symptoms were noted: pain in the heart area, low blood pressure (80/50 mm Hg), bradyarrhythmia, muffled heart tone (pulse up to 45-50 beats/min), increased heart size.

Sympathicotonia

Sympathicotonia is characterized by the following symptoms: paleness of the skin, chills, increased blood pressure, tachycardia, anxiety (feelings of fear and anxiety), short temper, inattention, increased sensitivity to pain, mydriasis, polyuria, constipation.

Neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD)

Neurocirculatory dystonia is divided into three types: cardiac, vascular and mixed, each of which is characterized by its own symptoms.

Cardiac type of NCD (functional cardiopathy): disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction (sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystole, atrioventricular block I-II degrees), some forms of prolapse mitral valve and disturbances in the processes of ventricular repolarization.

Vascular type of NCD: arterial hypertension (hypertension) and arterial hypotension (hypotension).

Mixed type of NDC: a set of symptoms of cardiac and vascular types.

Other signs of autonomic dysfunction

Cardiovascular syndrome characterized by the following symptoms: heart rhythm disturbances (bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystole), paleness of the skin, constant changes in blood pressure, various types of discomfort or pain in the heart area that does not go away when taking nitroglycerin.

Hyperventilation syndrome characterized by the following symptoms: a feeling of suffocation, lack of air, as if it is difficult to take a breath full breasts, muscle spasms, dizziness, sensory disturbances in the limbs and perioral area.

Irritable bowel syndrome characterized by: pain in the lower abdomen, flatulence (bloating), frequent urge to defecate, pain or discomfort in the pit of the stomach, appetite disturbances, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia.

Cystalgia– painful urge to urinate and the act itself, while urine tests do not show the presence of any diseases;

Sweating disorder, especially increased sweating is observed on the soles of the feet and palms;

Sexual disorders which are characterized in women by vaginismus and anorgasmia, in men by erectile dysfunction and ejaculation;

Violation of thermoregulation, which is characterized by daily temperature changes, from normal indicator, to a slight increase (up to 37.5°C), slight chills.

Vegetative crises

Under influence unfavorable factors– overwork (mental and physical), acute infectious diseases, stress and others, which we will talk about a little later, a person can be attacked by various kinds of vegetative crises – panic attacks, vegetative storms, paroxysms. They can occur both short-term and long-term, up to several days. Let's consider the most common vegetative crises.

Sympathoadrenal crisis. It is characterized by the following symptoms: headache, increased blood pressure (up to 150/90-180/110 mmHg), rapid pulse (up to 110-140 beats/min), increased excitability, numbness of the extremities with a feeling of coldness in them, pain in the heart area, frequent urination, polyuria, dry mouth, sometimes elevated body temperature (up to 38-40°C).

Vagoinsular crisis. It is characterized by the following symptoms: sudden pallor of the skin, increased sweating, decreased blood pressure and body temperature, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes angioedema may develop. Attacks of suffocation, pain in the heart area, syncope, and migraine are also possible.

Causes of VSD

There are a large number of causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia, but they are all divided into 2 main groups - primary, which most often lie in heredity, and secondary, which provoke dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which already has some abnormalities. Let's consider the main causes of VSD:

Primary causes of VSD development

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus in the last months of pregnancy, during childbirth and the first days after birth. Most often, this is facilitated by the pregnant woman’s consumption of alcoholic beverages, various medical supplies without consulting a doctor, smoking, stress, damage to the hypothalamus during childbirth. These situations lead in the future to an inadequate reaction of the child to a particular stressful situation, neuroses, emotional imbalance, etc.
Unfavorable living environment for a child - family quarrels, the presence of alcohol-dependent people in the family, divorce, excessive custody of the child, conflicts at school, mental overstrain, stress, emotional overload.
Heredity, which is most often transmitted to the child from the mother.

Secondary causes, or factors that increase the risk of developing VSD:

Various types of chronic diseases - somatic, allergic, as well as nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, digestive and other systems, constitutional anomalies (diathesis);
A sharp change in climate or living environment;
Unfavorable ecological situation in the living environment
Lack of vitamins and minerals in the body (hypovitaminosis), which is most often caused by poor nutrition;
Physical, emotional and mental overstrain, stress;
Neuroses, hysteria;
Depression;
Hormonal changes in the body - puberty in boys and girls, the onset of menstruation, PMS, menopause;
Inability to verbally express your emotional experiences (alexithymia);
Bad habits – drinking alcohol, smoking, drugs;
Violation of the structure of the spine (trauma, osteochondrosis);
Sleep disorder (insomnia or excessive sleepiness);
Poisoning (intoxication);
Brain metabolic disorders.

Classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Due to the fact that the diagnosis of VSD was made only by Soviet doctors, an international classification of this condition was never developed. Therefore, when diagnosing VSD, the following factors are taken into account:

Etiology;
Localization of autonomic dysfunction – generalized, systemic or local;
Variant of disorders - vagotonic, sympathicotonic and mixed;
Organs and systems involved in the pathological process;
The severity of VSD is mild, moderate and severe;
The course is latent, permanent, paroxysmal.

The following methods are used to diagnose vegetative-vascular dystonia:

Anamnesis;
Electrocardiography (ECG);
Cardiointervalography;
Electroencephalography (EEG);
Echoencephalography (EchoEG);
Rheoencephalography (REG);
Rheovasography;
Pharmacological tests.

Additionally, consultations with the following doctors may be scheduled:

Neurologist;
Otorhinolaryngologist (ENT);
Endocrinologist;
Oculist;
Psychiatrist.

Differential diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Differential diagnosis is necessary to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms to VSD. Thus, according to the symptoms, with vegetative-vascular dystonia similar: rheumatism, connective tissue dysplasia, rheumatic carditis, non-rheumatic carditis, heart disease, arterial hypertension (hypertension), bronchial asthma, acute infectious diseases, sepsis, malignant tumors (cancer), mental disorders.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD)

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is a rather lengthy and painstaking task. A positive prognosis largely depends on correct diagnosis and accurate determination of the cause of VSD.

Treatment of VSD is carried out comprehensively and includes the following points:

Normalization of daily routine, sleep, rest;
Elimination of physical inactivity using dosed physical activity (PT);
Therapeutic massage and water procedures;
Balneotherapy (treatment with mineral waters);
Phototherapy;
Limiting sources of emotional experiences - computer games, TV shows;
Counseling and family psychological correction;
Normalization of nutrition (regular consumption of food enriched with vitamins);
Electrophoresis;
Drug therapy.

Work/rest mode

Each person’s body has its own specific “charge”, which depends on many factors. When the strength runs out, but a person continues to overload his body with physical or mental work, the body begins to weaken, thereby being subject to various imbalances in the functioning of certain systems. The same thing happens if a person does not give the body enough time to rest. Therefore, to maintain health, it is very important that a person maintains a work/rest schedule. Work in moderation, rest and be sure to get enough sleep.

Physical inactivity or sedentary lifestyle

A sedentary lifestyle leads to weakening of the muscle tissue of certain organs that are least involved in a person’s daily life. In addition, physical inactivity increases the risk of developing various diseases of the cardiovascular system. “Movement is life”, this is a fair saying. The more a person moves, the better the blood “plays”, thereby improving blood circulation, the organs receive with the blood the nutrition necessary for their normal functioning in the form of oxygen and various substances.

Therapeutic massage and water treatments

Physical effects on the body, in particular therapeutic massage and water procedures, improve blood circulation, improve the functioning of the lymphatic system, if necessary, restore the structure of the spine (in the case of osteochondrosis), and along with the spine, the nerve channels with the vessels that pass through it are aligned. In addition, massage allows you to relax, relieve stress, and improve muscle tone. All these actions have a beneficial effect not only on the functioning of the central nervous system, but can also improve the overall health of a person.

Sources of emotional experiences

The modern number of media, as well as ways to obtain this information, is only growing from year to year. Today, few people will be surprised by a smartphone with the ability to get information from the Internet, a computer, a laptop, or a TV. But the whole problem lies in the quality of the information received. If we make a short review of at least posters for certain modern computer games, some cartoons, movies, news, we can highlight big picture– murders, violence, cruelty, lies, wars, occultism, etc. All this has an extremely negative impact on the developing psyche of the child, and on many people as well. Bad dreams, selfishness, disrespectful attitude towards other people are just the tip of the iceberg. The basis is emotional instability, imbalance, uncertainty about the future, panic fears. If you are a parent and have not yet studied the flow of information that feeds your child, this is the time to start doing so. Protect your child from the negative flow of information from the Internet and other sources. This is a very important point not only from a therapeutic VSD point of view, but also as a preventive measure against other complex diseases that usually manifest themselves in an adult.

Family psychological correction

This measure is necessary if your family experiences frequent conflicts and difficulties raising a child. Remember, quarrels and scandals have a negative impact on mental development child. Do not allow a showdown in front of the children. Children should grow up in loving family, where each member respects each other. In this way, a person is cultivated who will follow your family model, and it is better for the family to be happy.

Nutrition

For the normal functioning of any human organ or system, various vitamins and minerals are required. Each vitamin is involved not only in the functioning of the entire body, but also in the development of all organs and regulation of their vital functions.

Some of the vitamins are produced in the required quantities by the body itself, but basically, we can only get vitamins from the food we eat. If a person gets used to eating fast food, sandwiches, chips, beer and other unhealthful foods, he does not receive required amount vitamins, because These foods simply don’t contain them. It's tasty, perhaps, but it's certainly not healthy. Moreover, such unhealthy food harms human health. It is also extremely important to eat at least 3 times a day. Food is a kind of “energy” that is necessary for a person to perform various daily tasks. There is no food, or it is incomplete, there is no strength for work, and of course, human health.

Give preference to foods rich in vitamins and minerals - vegetables, fruits, herbs, cereals. Try not to fry foods, but to steam or boil them. The less you heat treat your food, the more vitamins and microelements they will retain. Human beauty and health largely depend on human nutrition.

Electrophoresis

For vagotonia, electrophoresis with caffeine, calcium, and mesatone is prescribed.
For sympathicotonia, electrophoresis with magnesium, papaverine, bromine, aminophylline is prescribed.

Drug therapy

Drug therapy is usually used in the following cases:

Non-drug therapy did not bring the desired result;
To relieve various kinds of symptoms that make it difficult to perform daily tasks;
For the treatment of various chronic diseases that may be factors determining the development of VSD.

Medicines for VSD:

Sedatives. They have a beneficial effect on the nervous system and calm. Among the sedatives widely used: preparations based on valerian, hawthorn, St. John's wort, motherwort - "Novopassit", "Persen", "Stressplant", herbal tea with lemon balm.

Tranquilizers (anxiolytic drugs). Used to relieve attacks of fear, stress, and anxiety. Among the tranquilizers we can note: “Diazepam”, “Relanium”, “Tranxen”.

Antidepressants. They are used to relieve feelings of depression, depression, apathy, anxiety, irritability, emotional stress, as well as to increase mental activity. In addition, antidepressants are used in cases where a patient with VSD constantly feels aches and pains throughout the body (in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, muscles and joints), which cannot be controlled. symptomatic treatment. Antidepressants include: Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Coaxil, Prozac, Cipramil.

Nootropics. They are used to improve mental activity, brain resistance to various stressful situations, and improve the energy state of neurons. Among the nootropics we can highlight: “Pyritinol”, “Piracetam”, “Phenibut”.

To normalize peripheral and cerebral circulation, as well as blood microcirculation, it is used: "Cinnarizine", vinpocetine ("Cavinton"), pentoxifylline ("Trental"), nicotinic acid(vitamin B3 or PP).

For sympathicotonia, for pain in the heart areaß-blockers are used - propranolol (Anaprilin, Obzidan), Atenolol (Atenol, Tenormin).

To relieve heart pain used: Verapamil (“Verapamil”, “Isoptin”), “Valocordin”, valerian tincture.

With vagotonic reactions. Psychostimulants of plant origin are used - preparations based on Schisandra, Eleutherococcus, Zamanikha, etc.

For intracranial hypertension(high blood pressure) dehydration therapy is used, which is aimed at removing excess water from the body. Diuretics are used for these purposes.

In combination, glycine has proven beneficial in the treatment of VSD, glutamic acid, pantogam, complexes of vitamins and microelements.

For constipation It is necessary to add food with big amount fiber, fresh vegetables and fruits. It is also allowed to take laxatives: Duphalac, Lavacol, Normaze.

At frequent diarrhea , the amount of fiber consumed in food must be reduced. Additionally, you can take an antidiarrheal agent: loperamide (Imodium, Lopedium), sorbents (Polifepan, Smecta).

At elevated temperatures You can take: “Pirroxan”, “Phentolamine”.

With increased sweating, the skin can be treated with solutions of formaldehyde, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), tannic acid.

In case of venous insufficiency– if the patient has noise in the head and throbbing pain in it, heaviness in the head, you can take: “Vasoket”, “Detralex”. Medicines for venous insufficiency are taken for 1-2 months.

For dizziness against the background of high blood pressure, medications are used that improve cerebral circulation– “Vinpocetine”, “Cavinton”, “Nicerium”, “Oxybral”.

For severe headaches and dizziness, you can take Betaserc.

Important! During treatment for VSD, be sure to give up bad habits - smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, taking drugs.

Forecast

With timely detection, accurate diagnosis and strict adherence to the doctor’s instructions for the treatment of VSD, the prognosis for recovery is favorable. In case of VSD, it is very important to correctly carry out psychological adjustment of the child, so that after he grows up, the mental deviations formed during VSD do not accompany him throughout his life.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia with folk remedies

Important! Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor!

Treatment of VSD with ready-made herbal preparations

Comment by herbalist A.A. Malgin: herbal treatment (herbal medicine) has certain wonderful advantages, for example:

herbal medicine eliminates the causes of the disease,
herbs have a minimal number of contraindications (usually individual intolerance),
herbal treatment has minimal side effects,
herbs contain a large number of vitamins and other useful substances, which, in addition to treating the disease, also contribute to the health of the body as a whole,
affordability.

Herbalists offer ready-made solutions that already take into account the specific composition of the collection, dosage, sequence, etc. The courses are developed by medical specialists based on their many years of experience.

Other folk remedies against VSD

Baths. For headaches, for VSD, dilute 5 tbsp in warm water. spoons of dry mustard. Pour the resulting mixture into a bath with water at about 40°C. Lie in this bath for 8-10 minutes, then wrap yourself in a simple cotton sheet and go to bed. Additionally, drink tea with a soothing herbal mixture.

Herbal tea. For neuroses and stress, drink before bed a sedative tea based on lemon balm, valerian, motherwort, thyme, and hawthorn.

Beet. Cut fresh beets in half and apply the halves to your temples for about 10 minutes. After that, squeeze the juice out of the beet halves, soak cotton swabs in it, and put them in your ears. This will help relieve headaches.

Juice. To strengthen the body during VSD, make juice from beets, cucumbers and carrots in a ratio of 1:1:3. Take this juice in the morning. It will charge your body with energy and vitamins.

Collection. to reduce blood pressure, heartbeat, calm, reduce headache attacks, you can prepare next collection from medicinal herbs: horsetail (20 g), astragalus wooliflora (20 g), marsh grass (15 g) and sweet clover (20 g). Mix the herbs, pour 200 ml of boiling water and close overnight to infuse. The infusion should be taken after meals, 1-2 tbsp. spoon, for 4-6 weeks.

Flax + anise + scumpia. Mix in equal proportions 1 tbsp. spoon flax seeds, scumpia leaves and anise fruits, pour 1 liter of water over them and boil for about 10 minutes. Cool and drink instead of water.

If nothing helps, perhaps it’s time to turn to God, for who but the Creator can heal His creation? Moreover, Jesus said: “Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest” (Matthew 11:28). Often, prayer does much more than human knowledge.

Prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Prevention of VSD includes the following preventive measures:

Eliminate family quarrels and conflicts;
Communicate with the child, find out the causes of his disorders, if any;
Eliminate, as far as possible, the child’s contact with various types of information containing scenes of violence, murder, the occult - films, cartoons, computer games, free uncontrolled access to the Internet.
Eat foods enriched with vitamins and microelements;
Eliminate bad habits - alcohol, smoking;
Do not let various diseases, especially infectious ones, take their course, so that they do not become chronic;
Maintain a work/rest schedule
Do not take uncontrolled medications without consulting a doctor;
Avoid stress. If you work in a job with a high psycho-emotional load, think about whether it is worth it? It may be necessary to change jobs. Health is more important than money!
Try to move more, play sports, ride a bike.

Which doctor should I contact if I have VSD?

Neurologist.

Video about VSD

Discuss vegetative-vascular dystonia on the forum...

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What is vegetative-vascular dystonia

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is manifested by a large number of different signs that indicate the formation of certain diseases that can connect certain organs with each other. Long-term treatment is required, but the disease is difficult to diagnose and only a doctor can identify the disease after a full medical examination, and tests are required.

The disease vegetative-vascular dystonia is very dangerous, because it provokes malfunctions in the functioning of various body systems:

if the heart was affected, then a change in pressure occurs, tachycardia, extrasystole, arrhythmia are of concern;
when changes are observed in the respiratory system, the patient is constantly bothered by shortness of breath, asphyxia, obsessive and prolonged yawning appears, breathing becomes difficult;
disruptions in the functioning of the stomach may occur, which provoke a feeling of pain in the hypochondrium and abdomen, a disturbing feeling of nausea, vomiting, bloating, belching, diarrhea may appear, acidity decreases or increases;
sometimes the genitourinary system is also affected. The patient begins to be bothered by a frequent urge to urinate, even if practically no liquid has been consumed. Pain in the groin area, burning, severe itching, adnexitis and enuresis appear. Vegetovascular dystonia has the following symptoms in adult women: the menstrual cycle is disrupted, infertility develops, and the risk of miscarriage increases. In men, prostatitis develops;
symptoms of VSD, which has affected the blood vessels, are as follows: a feeling of chills, an increase in subfibrile temperature, a disturbing cold in the legs and arms, felt sudden tides heat, sweating increases.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is one of the most unpleasant and very dangerous diseases. Its development provokes malfunctions in almost everything human body, which causes the need to adjust the usual lifestyle, the rhythm of rest and work. Can only be treated with medication, but in the most severe cases unpleasant symptoms remain.

This disease, taking into account the symptoms shown, is divided into several types:

Cardialgic type. The disease can manifest as sharp stabbing pains in the area of the heart. They often occur both during heavy physical exertion and when the patient remains at rest. Often cardialgia is aching in nature and lasts for a long time, and can be repeated with a certain frequency. This feature is considered a distinctive sign of education complex syndrome disorders, which is called vegetative-vascular dystonia.
Tachycardic type. This type of disease occurs in older people. The main characteristic feature is an increase in the number of contractions of the heart muscle - approximately 90 beats per minute. The manifestation of clear signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia is diagnosed by doctors as the formation of a tachycardic crisis. It may be necessary to treat a specific exacerbation, rather than the complex as a whole. In some cases, there is a sharp increase in heart rate, which reaches 140-150 beats per minute. Taking into account individual manifestations of VSD syndrome, neurocirculatory dystonia is determined to be of the hypertensive type. When this type of disorder occurs, cardiac output increases and healthy peripheral vascular resistance is maintained.
Bradycardic type. It occurs much less frequently and will be manifested by a decrease in the number of heartbeats. On average, the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle is about 60 beats per minute, but can drop to 40. Signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia manifest themselves in the form of frequent fainting, the patient is bothered by dizziness, which is clearly manifested with increased physical activity. This syndrome always accompanied by cold feet and hands. Men in at a young age may suffer from manifestations of neurocircular dystonia of the cardiac type. The main indicator is irritability, an unstable emotional state.
Arrhythmic type. It is very difficult to determine this type of disease. This occurs due to the manifestation of similar symptoms to arrhythmia of the heart and lungs. Such symptoms are provoked by osteochondrosis, gallbladder pathology, and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of the formation of vegetative-vascular dystonia can appear with varying intensity. If your health worsens, you should immediately consult a doctor. The specialist will be able to accurately determine the causes of vascular dystonia, conduct a full medical examination and prescribe the optimal treatment. Depending on the gender and age of the patient, a variety of symptoms of the disease may appear.

In adults

This disease in adults has the following symptoms:

constant headache;
numbness of the limbs;
temperature increase;
lack of air;
development of a phobia (an attack appears unexpectedly);
dizziness;
the appearance of severe emotional discomfort;
heartbeat slows or increases;
increased sweating.

Women

The main symptoms of VSD in women are as follows:

daytime sleepiness;
tinnitus;
dysfunction of the cardiovascular system;
feeling constant fatigue, anxiety, severe irritability, suspiciousness;
development of insomnia;
respiratory and neurotic disorder;
increased blood pressure, which provokes a hypertensive crisis;
severe headaches;
decreased appetite;
burning sensation in the soles of the feet;
the appearance of red spots on the neck and face;
restless feeling of inner trembling;
cold extremities;
a sharp increase in temperature;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, constipation, bloating.

Men

Symptoms of VSD of the hypertensive type in men manifest themselves as follows - someone begins to withdraw into themselves, trying to cope with the problem on their own. And some individuals constantly go to doctors. Signs of the disease in representatives of the stronger sex directly depend on the type of nervous system. Men begin to be haunted by panicky thoughts, unreasonable fear, feelings of fatigue and irritability.

Some individuals believe that the main organ in the body is the brain, therefore, with the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia, a sharp change in mood occurs, sleep is disturbed, and insomnia develops, which provokes severe and incessant headaches. Symptoms such as increased urination or disturbances in the digestive system may also occur.

Teenagers often suffer from this disease. Education problems in early age depends on various factors. Symptoms of VSD in adolescents include the following:

feeling of chronic fatigue;
anxiety, tearfulness, rapid excitability, nervousness;
fainting conditions;
dizziness accompanied by severe headaches;
the child feels nausea, causing vomiting;
heart rate increases.

Exacerbation

An exacerbation of the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia occurs with the onset of summer: as the air temperature rises, the risk of unpleasant symptoms also becomes higher. Only a doctor can prescribe an effective medication to treat the disease. Any folk method of eliminating symptoms is strictly prohibited, because it can be dangerous and provoke a worsening of the condition.

Find out what to do with VSD - treatment, signs and complications of the disease.

Video about the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Take off unpleasant signs The medicine prescribed by the doctor does not always help the disease. After the pill is taken, the symptoms of dystonia often continue to bother the patient. Therefore, it is not surprising that reviews of this disease will only be negative, because it is very difficult to cure. It is useful for everyone to know about the exacerbation of symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia and their manifestations, which are shown in the following video:

What are the signs of VSD?

Causes of VSD

In childhood, the causes of VSD development may be hereditary factors or a discrepancy between the pace of physical development and the level of maturity of the neurohormonal system.

In adults, the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia can be provoked by:

Exhaustion of the body due to acute or chronic infectious diseases or intoxications.
Sleep disturbances such as insomnia, early awakening or difficulty falling asleep.
Chronic fatigue, depressed mood, depression.
Irregular unbalanced diet.
Excessive physical activity or physical inactivity.
Hormonal changes in the body during puberty in adolescents, pregnancy or menopause in women.
Change of climate or time zone.

The impact of these factors against the background of reduced adaptation of the body leads to an imbalance in the activity of the peripheral (autonomic) nervous system. This stimulates the activation of production biologically active substances and metabolic disorders in the tissues of the heart and blood vessels, which begin to respond inadequately even to normal stress.

Symptoms of VSD and its main manifestations

Manifestations and symptoms of the disease can be very diverse and imitate others. serious illnesses. But most often they occur in the form of several syndromes:

Cardiovascular syndrome is characterized by the appearance of heart rhythm disturbances (tachycardia, bradycardia or arrhythmia), changes in blood pressure, inappropriate reactions peripheral vascular bed (pallor, marbling of the skin, flushing of the face, chilliness of the extremities).
Cardiac syndrome, the main symptom of which is a feeling of discomfort, burning and pain in the heart area or behind the sternum on the left. These feelings are not related to physical activity and can appear even at rest.
Hyperventilation syndrome, manifested by an increase in respiratory rate with difficulty inhaling and a feeling of lack of air.
Irritable bowel syndrome, which is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, unstable stools with bloating and frequent irregular urge to defecate. There may also be indigestion in the form of nausea and vomiting, lack of appetite.
Syndrome of impaired sweating, characterized by increased sweat in the palms and feet.
Syndrome of altered urination, in which, despite the absence of signs of inflammation, patients note frequent and painful urination.
Thermoregulation disorder syndrome, expressed in a persistent slight increase in body temperature without deterioration in general well-being and signs of infection, or in a decrease in temperature to 35-35.50C. These symptoms may be periodic (paroxysmal) or constant. A long course of the disease without appropriate therapy leads to secondary asthenia of the patient, the development of depression, various phobias and aggravation of the course of VSD.

Types of vegetative-vascular dystonia

The disease can occur in several clinical forms, which have their own distinctive features:

Hypertensive type. It is characterized by an unstable and unstable increase in blood pressure without changing general well-being. In some cases, patients may notice headaches, weakness, and increased fatigue.
Hypotonic type. Manifested by a decrease in blood pressure below 100 mm Hg. Art., dizziness, severe weakness, increased sweating.
Mixed type. It is characterized by an unstable level of blood pressure, periodic pain in the heart or behind the sternum, an increase or decrease in heart rate, severe weakness and dizziness.
Cardiac type. With it, patients most often complain of pain in the heart or chest, which are not associated with any active physical activity. Characterized by transient heart rhythm disturbances that resolve without drug intervention.

Diagnosis of VSD

The diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia is made only after a comprehensive examination of the patient and the exclusion of other pathologies that have similar manifestations to VSD.

The list of diagnostic measures includes:

Laboratory study of general blood count, biochemical composition of plasma, coagulation parameters, hormone levels. If necessary, urine tests are performed. Most often, the indicators of these studies do not go beyond normal values.
Functional techniques, including ultrasound examination of internal organs and blood vessels of the head and neck, ECG, monitoring of blood pressure levels.
X-ray of the spinal column, tomography of the brain and spinal cord.
Consultations with specialists in related specialties.

Only after confirming the absence of other diseases can a diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia be made.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

The majority of patients with VSD do not need drug therapy. The basis of treatment for them is methods aimed at changing the patient’s lifestyle and normalizing the functioning of the nervous system.

Maintaining a stable daily routine with mandatory good rest. The normal duration of night sleep varies from person to person. But for most, this figure should not be less than 8-9 hours. Sleeping conditions are also important. The bedroom should not be stuffy; regular ventilation and wet cleaning are necessary. The bed should be comfortable and suitable for the person’s height and build. It is better to give preference to an orthopedic mattress and pillow.
Optimization of periods of work and rest. In order to get rid of VSD symptoms, you should evenly alternate between mental and physical labor, and minimize the time spent in front of a computer monitor and TV. If this is not possible, take a break every 60-90 minutes, do gymnastics for the eyes, and warm up for the back.
Adequate physical activity. The optimal activities are those that take place in the fresh air or in water, but do not put a significant strain on the muscles and cardiovascular system. Swimming, water aerobics, dancing, skiing and cycling are most suitable for a patient suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia. With such loads, gentle training of the heart occurs and the psycho-emotional state is normalized. At the same time, you should avoid sports that require sudden movements, high jumps, or staying in static tension for a long time. This creates additional load on blood vessels and can lead to worsening of the disease.
A diet that includes foods rich in potassium and magnesium. It is these minerals that are involved in the transmission of impulses in nerve endings, improve the activity of the heart and blood vessels, and restore balance in the functioning of the nervous system. Therefore, for VSD, it is recommended to consume buckwheat and oatmeal, legumes, dried fruits, nuts, herbs, potatoes, carrots and eggplants.
For VSD of the hypotonic type, it is necessary to consume foods that increase vascular tone: green tea, natural coffee, milk. In case of hypertensive variant of the disease, foods that provoke a rise in blood pressure should be excluded from the diet: strong tea and coffee, pickles and spicy dishes.
Physiotherapy methods provide positive action for vegetative-vascular dystonia due to normalization of interaction various departments nervous system, vascular tone. Such procedures improve blood circulation in organs and tissues and activate metabolic processes. The list of techniques used is quite large: electrophoresis with medicinal solutions on the cervical spine, ozokerite or paraffin applications on the collar area, laser irradiation in combination with magnetotherapy. Water procedures have an excellent effect. For all types of VSD, contrast baths, circular and fan showers, underwater massage, and swimming are recommended.
Acupuncture and massage promote relaxation, eliminate anxiety, normalize blood pressure, and restore sleep. For the hypertensive type, massage movements are indicated at a slow pace with increased impact on the collar area. With a hypotonic variant of VSD, on the contrary, the massage should be fast and intense.
The use of herbal preparations. For VSD with increased blood pressure, herbs with sedative and hypotensive effects (tincture of valerian, peony, motherwort) are suitable. The hypotonic variant of the disease requires taking drugs with a stimulating and activating effect (eleutherococcus, aralia, ginseng).

If the above methods do not lead to positive dynamics in the course of the disease, there is a need to take medications:

Potassium and magnesium preparations (magnefar, magvit, asparkam, panangin), which improve the conductivity of nerve impulses, normalize the tone of the vascular bed.
Nootropics (phesam, piracetam, pyrocesin) - means for improving blood circulation in the nervous system, activating metabolic processes and restoring balance in the functioning of various organs.
Beta-blockers (anaprilin, atenolol, metaprolol) - drugs to lower blood pressure when it rises.
Tranquilizers (phenozepam, diazepam) - drugs with a pronounced sedative effect, eliminating episodes of panic and anxiety during VSD.
Antidepressants (amitriptyline, Lerivon, Cipralex, Prozac) are drugs that regulate the functioning of the central nervous system and eliminate the symptoms of depression in VSD.

Prevention of VSD

Prevention of the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia must begin in childhood. The opinion is often expressed that VSD in a child is a disease that, even without treatment, goes away with age. However, it has been proven that most adult patients already have early childhood There were certain clinical manifestations of dystonia, which only intensified over time.

In order to prevent the development of the disease it is necessary:

Normalize your daily routine, get proper rest for at least 8 hours a day.
Eat properly, regularly and variedly.
Give up all bad habits and drinking coffee.
Lead an active lifestyle, avoid stress and nervous overload.

Thus, vegetative-vascular dystonia is a disease that does not pose a threat to human life, but at the same time significantly reduces its quality. The presence of any signs of VSD is a reason to consult a doctor. After all, only timely and correct treatment is a guarantee of improvement or complete recovery.

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General description of the disease

Dystonia appears due to incipient disruptions in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. It is responsible for the normal functioning of all internal organs and blood vessels. The disease is not independent pathological process, but occurs against a background of disorders.

They may be related to psychological and physical conditions. To cure a disease, it is necessary to accurately identify the cause of its occurrence. Treatment and elimination of symptoms will not give any results and will only intensify the course and manifestation of the disease.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for blood pressure, heart rate, blood circulation, heat exchange and adrenaline production. Vegetative-vascular dystonia itself can manifest itself as a constant manifestation and temporary crises (panic attack or fainting).

Attention!!! Even positive emotions can trigger a panic attack if they are unexpected and overly exciting. As soon as blood pressure and heart rate increase, sharp deterioration condition.

Causes of VSD

Finding the source of the problem is not so difficult if you make an accurate diagnosis. But in approximately 70% of cases, patients are not diagnosed with a vegetative disorder; this causes the health status of the person suffering from the pathology to deteriorate significantly. If the triggering factor for the disease is detected, a short course of therapy is required for recovery. The main causes of the disease are the following factors:

psycho-emotional disorder, including those aggravated by depression and neuroses;
injury to the spine, especially the cervical spine;
damage to the brain or spinal cord;
congenital heart problems;
diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders;
diseases of the thyroid gland and the entire endocrine system;
unstable hormonal levels;
allergies of various types;
infectious diseases, including tonsillitis and pharyngitis;
lack of blood circulation to the brain, lungs and heart.

Attention!!! The slightest injury can contribute to the development of pathology if immunity is not at the proper level. To protect yourself from VSD, you should adhere to a healthy lifestyle and get annual medical examinations on time.

Signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia

As soon as the slightest disruption occurs in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, this will immediately affect the patient’s condition. Despite the fact that the blood vessels begin to suffer first, causing the functioning of the heart and brain to deteriorate, disturbances in autonomic system affect all internal organs.

The following conditions are characteristic of the disease:

instability of blood pressure, it can deviate significantly from normal border up and down;
The pulse rate changes significantly, it can slow down or speed up significantly;
a person is accompanied by a constant feeling of fatigue and depression;
poor tolerance to physical activity; during times of severe stress, patients may not even get out of bed;
body temperature can independently increase or decrease without any reason;
constant feeling of chilliness or heat;
sweating may increase due to hot flashes;
there is a decrease in the temperature of the hands and feet, it is difficult to warm them even with radiators;
sudden irritability, constant feeling of apathy and emotional exhaustion;
severe and prolonged headaches appear;
patients complain of sudden dizziness;
sexual desire, physical and intellectual activity decreases;
insomnia manifests itself, nightmares begin to occur instead of normal dreams;
spasmodic pain may appear in the stomach area;
due to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, functional indigestion often occurs in the form of constipation or diarrhea;
during the period of complications, the patient may suffer from panic attacks, fainting and crises.

Attention!!! The patient may not have all of the listed signs, but even one of them signals the need to consult a specialist.

Frequency of symptoms of dystonia

In the table below you can find out how often signs of VSD appear in patients.

Increase/decrease in pressure	In approximately 90% of patients
Increased heart rate	In approximately 40% of patients
Panic attack	No more than 5% of patients
Diarrhea or constipation	In approximately 65% of patients
Fainting conditions	No more than 5% of patients
Unstable psycho-emotional state	Almost 100% of patients
Spasmodic pain	30-35% of those suffering from VSD
Sleep disorders	No more than 80% of patients
Hot flashes and feeling of chilliness	Approximately 40% of those suffering from VSD
Physical weakness	Almost 100% of patients

Attention!!! The data given is relative and collected based on reviews left by patients. But many patients are not even registered with their diagnosis, or VSD is simply not confirmed.

Types of crises and their manifestations in VSD

Sympathoadrenal

In another way, such a crisis is also called a panic attack. This condition develops after a large release of adrenaline into the bloodstream. This happens due to an erroneous signal from the autonomic nervous system. The attack begins to manifest itself with a significant increase in heart rate, and blood pressure gradually increases.

During a panic attack, the upper blood pressure reaches its maximum level, which can even provoke a stroke and heart attack. Simultaneously with these conditions, the skin turns pale, an overwhelming feeling of fear appears, and body temperature rises. With the maximum development of the sympathoadrenal crisis, uncontrollable chills appear.

After the panic attack is over, the patient produces large quantities of colorless urine. At the same time, blood pressure drops sharply, and severe weakness is noted.

Vagoinsular crisis

This condition is accompanied by fainting and antispasmodic pain in the abdominal area. The crisis is provoked by a signal from the autonomic nervous system to release insulin. Additionally, there is a strong decrease in blood glucose levels, and gastrointestinal activity is stimulated.

At the same time as the described symptoms, the patient develops a strong feeling of heat, consciousness becomes confused, the heart rate drops significantly, and the pulse is difficult to palpate. Gradually, blood pressure drops significantly, bright scarlet spots appear on the skin, and severe sweating is observed. Due to strong stimulation of the stomach and intestines, flatulence, turbulence in the stomach, and diarrhea appear.

Attention!!! If the seizure is not immediately stopped with special drugs, the body becomes severely depleted, and the frequency of seizures increases significantly.

Prevention of crises and VSD

To protect yourself from vegetative-vascular dystonia, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

try to engage in moderate physical activity, swimming, yoga, athletics;
pay more attention to cardio exercises, just exercise on an exercise bike or ride a bicycle;
sports activities should exclude sudden movements and heavy lifting;
spend enough time outdoors, walk in parks;
harden yourself, you can start with a contrast shower;
avoid heavy overwork so as not to bring yourself to physical exhaustion;
maintain a sleep schedule, its duration should not be less than eight hours;
avoid stressful situations;
take natural soothing infusions.

Attention!!! Almost 50% of the adult population suffers from a disorder of the autonomic nervous system. Compliance with basic rules will reduce the likelihood of pathology and maintain health at the proper level.

Video - Vegetative-vascular dystonia: signs, symptoms, prevention

Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia

To confirm the diagnosis, the patient must undergo full examination, which includes collecting tests and visiting specialists. First, when symptoms appear, the patient consults a therapist. He prescribes general and biochemical tests, a cardiogram and a visit to a neurologist.

Based on their findings, you may need to undergo a brain scan. An ultrasound examination of all organs is required and a conclusion is made about their functionality. Only after such an extensive examination can the exact cause of the disease be identified.

Attention!!! If vegetative-vascular dystonia is diagnosed in pregnant women, a full examination should be postponed until the birth of the child. Some of the mandatory procedures may simply harm the fetus and worsen the mother’s condition.

Traditional methods of treating VSD

At the initial stage of vegetative-vascular dystonia, home recipes that have virtually no contraindications and can be used by patients at any age can help cope with the problem.

Mustard bathrooms

50 g of dry mustard should be diluted warm water until creamy.
Draw a full bath so that when immersed in it, the water reaches the top of your chest.
Carefully pour the mustard solution into the water and stir thoroughly.
The water temperature in the bathroom should not exceed +39 degrees.
The procedure lasts no more than 10 minutes.
At the end of the session you must put on underwear and wrap yourself completely in cotton cloth.
After the procedure, you should drink some warm tea and go to bed.
The course of therapy is no more than 10 procedures every three months.

Vegetable juices

20 ml beet juice combine with 20 ml cucumber.
After thoroughly stirring the liquid, 60 ml of carrot juice is added.
Take the medicine once a day for one month.
People with ulcers and gastritis should undergo this course of treatment with caution.

Video - How to treat vegetative-vascular dystonia

If you notice one or more symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, you should undergo at least a minimal examination by a therapist. He will be able to determine the real complexity of the problem and, if necessary, refer to more narrow specialists. Any disturbances that arise should be treated at an early stage in order to maintain the proper functioning of all body systems. Lack of adequate treatment can lead to serious deterioration of the condition, including the development of heart attack and stroke.

VSD in children: symptoms and treatment, causes at different ages

From this article you will learn the features of the course of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, how this disease manifests itself in childhood (3–12 years).

VSD in children: symptoms and treatment, causes at different ages
Causes and symptoms of VSD at different ages in children
Age 3 years
Ages 7–12 years
Treatment methods for vegetative-vascular dystonia
Non-drug treatment
Treatment of VSD with drugs
Prognosis and further prevention
Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children - treatment in Moscow
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Treatment and symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Causes of pathology
What symptoms can be used to identify VSD?
Related pathologies - a danger that is not immediately visible
Methods for diagnosing the disease
Modern treatment technologies
Non-drug therapeutic effects
Treatment with medications
Prevention
Symptomatic features, causes and treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child
Forms of VSD
Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Symptoms of the disease
Outcomes and consequences of VSD
Are VSD and muscular dystonia synonymous?
Treatment of VSD in childhood and adolescence
Vegetative vascular dystonia in children
Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Forecast and prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children
Vegetative vascular dystonia in children, adolescents, children: signs, symptoms, treatment
What is vegetative-vascular dystonia VSD, NCD?
Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) in children
Vegetative vascular dystonia signs, vegetative vascular dystonia symptoms, VSD in children, adolescents
Syndromes of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) in children, symptoms of VSD
Cardiac vegetative vascular dystonia syndrome (VSD)
Respiratory syndrome of vegetative vascular dystonia (VSD)
Syndrome of impaired thermoregulation with vegetative vascular dystonia (VSD)
Vegetative vascular crises - hypothalamic, cerebral crises, panic attacks, crises
Neurotic syndrome of vegetative vascular dystonia (VSD)
Treatment of vegetative vascular dystonia in children in Saratov, treatment of pediatric VSD in Russia
VSD in children treatment in Saratov
We know how to treat and how to cure vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) in children!
VSD in children
Features of symptoms in children and types of VSD
Signs of VSD in children
Identification of related pathologies
Causes and factors for the development of VSD in children
Treatment and prevention
Non-drug therapy
Drug therapy

Effective conservative and traditional treatment methods, prognosis for recovery, and preventive measures are described.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a pathological condition of the nervous system, which entails a disorder of other important organ systems: cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, digestive. According to statistics, every 4th child aged 3 to 12 years is susceptible to this disease. But doctors are confident that in fact more than half of young schoolchildren suffer from symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia. The insidiousness of this pathology lies in the extremely complex clinical picture: the variety of seemingly unrelated symptoms significantly complicates the diagnosis of the disease.

Click on photo to enlarge

The danger of vegetative-vascular dystonia in childhood is the increased risk of developing severe complications:

complex psychosomatic diseases(hypertension, ulcer, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, obesity, cardiac dysfunction);
psychological and physical disorientation of the child in society and space;
periodic crises - a temporary exacerbation of symptoms (a sharp deterioration in the physical well-being and emotional state of a small patient).

This disease can be caused by children's pediatrician, neurologist, cardiologist.

Causes and symptoms of VSD at different ages in children

Age 3 years

The first signs of dystonia may appear as early as 3 years of age. This is a psychologically difficult age for a child, when he begins to attend kindergarten and makes contact with strangers for the first time without constant help and support from his parents. Symptoms of VSD for preschoolers include:

pale and bluish skin;
headache;
dizziness;
fatigue, drowsiness, tearfulness;
nagging pain in the abdomen;
increase in body temperature.

The situation is aggravated by a decrease in the protective functions of the immune system due to frequent colds and infectious diseases in the first year of attending kindergarten.

Ages 7–12 years

The next peak in incidence occurs at the age of 7–12 years; many children do not tolerate the first years of school well, and the increased physical and intellectual stress on their fragile psyche. Poor diet, lack of sleep schedule, psychological pressure on the part of parents and teachers, a large amount of new information, problems in communicating with classmates - all this leads to the development of VSD in children of primary school age.

At this age, most often vegetative-vascular dystonia is paroxysmal in nature, the peak of exacerbations occurs in the autumn-winter period (the time of maximum spread of viral and colds). Most often, parents do not take the child’s complaints seriously, attributing all symptoms to fatigue, stress, lack of sleep, colds, etc. At this point, VSD progresses and, in the absence of treatment, causes irreparable harm to the life and health of the baby. You should pay attention and consult a doctor immediately if you observe the following signs of dystonia in your child:

insomnia, restless sleep;
fast fatiguability;
memory impairment;
dizziness;
motion sickness on the road;
headache;
sudden changes in mood, tendency to depression, anxiety, neuroses, hysterics, depressive state;
arrhythmia;
high or low blood pressure;
lack of air, shortness of breath, cough;
problems with thermoregulation (chills, intense sweating);
nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea;
sudden change in body weight (the child quickly loses weight or gains weight);
marbled skin color, rashes, swelling, itching.

All of the above symptoms individually can indicate completely different diseases, so the appearance of one of them does not necessarily indicate the presence of vegetative-vascular dystonia, but is a reason to consult a doctor and undergo a diagnosis of the body. If a set of complaints from this list is detected, the pediatrician draws a conclusion about the possible development of VSD and prescribes a series of diagnostic measures.

It is very important for parents to listen to their children, monitor their physical and emotional state, so as not to miss important signals at the initial stage of development of pathology of the autonomic nervous system.

Treatment methods for vegetative-vascular dystonia

VSD is a complex disease that requires integrated approach to treatment. It is very important to reduce the load on the nervous system and introduce healthy lifestyle rules. Correctly selected individual treatment, started on time, can save the child from pathologies forever. A late visit to the doctor usually leads to the fact that the VSD becomes a constant companion of the child and remains in adulthood.

In the case of chronic dystonia, one can only achieve temporary remissions of the disease, but when the body weakens (cold, infectious disease, stress), the symptoms again make themselves felt.

Non-drug treatment

Doctors prefer to treat vegetative-vascular dystonia in children with non-drug methods. Pediatricians recommend that parents do everything to strengthen the autonomic nervous system:

Protect your child from stressful situations as much as possible. To do this, you should create a warm and positive atmosphere at home in which he will feel comfortable.
Reduce the intensity of your school workload as much as possible. You can refuse electives and extra classes, organize breaks while doing homework.
Create and maintain a daily routine. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, with at least 8 hours of sleep. It is necessary to create a balance in the ratio of physical work-intellectual work-entertainment-rest. Stop using TV, tablet, computer, mobile phone.
Try to give your child as many positive emotions, warmth and love as possible. Tell him more often that you love him, laugh, praise him for his achievements, walk together, visit interesting places. A positive psycho-emotional state of a small patient is the key to a complete recovery.
Proper and regular nutrition will help quickly restore the strength and protective functions of the body. Add natural sources of vitamins and minerals to your diet - fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes. It is necessary to avoid overly salty, spicy, smoked, fried and fatty foods, fast food, carbonated drinks, and confectionery.
As prescribed by your doctor, undergo a course of physiotherapeutic procedures - electrophoresis, electrosleep, water procedures, massage, magnetic laser treatment, acupuncture, herbal and aromatherapy.

Relief of the patient’s condition usually occurs within a week of such treatment, the child’s emotional background improves, the mood rises, sleep becomes sound, and performance is restored.

Gradually, over the next couple of months, all other symptoms of VSD in children disappear. It is very important not to stop treatment at the first signs of recovery; relapse of the disease can cause much greater harm to health.

Treatment of VSD with drugs

In severe cases, if vegetative-vascular dystonia was diagnosed in the late stages, is difficult to treat, and the symptoms interfere with normal life, doctors prescribe medication. The pediatrician selects medications and dosage individually, taking into account age, body weight, body characteristics, the presence of concomitant diseases, and the severity of symptoms. The most commonly prescribed drugs are from the following:

tranquilizers (sedatives);
antidepressants (to improve mood, relieve anxiety and hysteria);
nootropics (stimulating mental performance, intelligence, memory);
blood circulation stimulants;
neuroprotectors.

Drug treatment cannot be used independently; it must be part of comprehensive measures to eliminate vegetative-vascular dystonia in children. It will be effective only if it has a comprehensive effect on the autonomic nervous system.

Prognosis and further prevention

Timely diagnosis, effective and complete treatment make it possible to normalize important organ systems: autonomic, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and respiratory, eliminate all unpleasant symptoms, and completely and forever get rid of VSD. It is necessary to make a lot of effort to create comfortable psychological and physical conditions life of the child, then dystonia will not leave negative consequences.

monitor your child's daily routine;
maintain a sleep schedule;
follow the recommendations of proper nutrition;
toughen up the child;
try to spend as much time as possible with him in the fresh air, preferably outside the city;
it is very important to maintain a peaceful and calm atmosphere in the family;
teach your child self-control.

Source: dystonia in children

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children – symptom complex functional disorders from various systems caused by a violation of the regulation of their activities by the autonomic nervous system. Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children can manifest itself as cardiac, respiratory, neurotic syndromes, vegetative-vascular crises, and thermoregulation disorder syndrome. Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children includes a functional examination of the cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems (ECG, EEG, EchoCG, EchoEG, REG, rheovasography, etc.). In the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, medication, physiotherapy, and psychological effects are used.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is a secondary syndrome affecting various somato-visceral systems and developing against the background of abnormalities in autonomic regulation functional state body. According to various data, certain signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia are diagnosed in 25-80% of children. More often, the syndrome is found in children 6-8 years old and in adolescents, predominantly female.

In pediatrics, vegetative-vascular dystonia is not considered as an independent nosological form, therefore, various narrow disciplines study its manifestations: pediatric neurology, pediatric cardiology, pediatric endocrinology, pediatric gastroenterology, etc. Autonomic disorders in children can give impetus to the development of serious pathological conditions - arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer stomach, etc. On the other hand, somatic and infectious diseases can aggravate vegetative changes.

Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

The reasons for the formation of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are often hereditary in nature and are caused by deviations in the structure and functioning of various parts of the autonomic nervous system on the maternal side.

The development of vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child is facilitated by the complicated course of gestation and childbirth: toxicosis of the pregnant woman, fetal hypoxia, intrauterine infections, rapid or protracted labor, birth injuries, encephalopathy, etc.

A special role in the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children belongs to various psychotraumatic influences - conflicts in the family and school, educational neglect of the child, overprotection, chronic or acute stress, increased school loads. Predisposing factors for vegetative-vascular dystonia in children can be somatic, infectious, endocrine diseases, neuroinfections, allergies, focal infections ( chronic tonsillitis, caries, pharyngitis, sinusitis), constitutional abnormalities, anemia, traumatic brain injuries.

The direct triggers of autonomic dysfunction in most cases are unfavorable weather conditions, climatic features, unfavorable environmental conditions, physical inactivity, imbalance of microelements, excessive physical activity, poor nutrition, violation of the daily routine, insufficient sleep, hormonal changes during the puberty period. Manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children manifest during periods of active growth of the child, when functional load on the body is especially large, and the nervous system is labile.

Autonomic disorders are accompanied by various reactions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, caused by impaired production of corticosteroids, mediators (acetylcholine, norepinephrine), biologically active substances (prostaglandins, polypeptides, etc.), and impaired sensitivity of vascular receptors.

Classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

When diagnosing vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, a number of criteria are taken into account, which are decisive in distinguishing the forms of the syndrome.

According to the predominant etiological signs, vegetative-vascular dystonia in children can be psychogenic (neurotic), infectious-toxic, dyshormonal, essential (constitutional-hereditary), mixed in nature.

Depending on the nature of autonomic disorders, sympathicotonic, vagotonic and mixed variants of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children are distinguished. Taking into account the prevalence of vegetative reactions, vegetative-vascular dystonia in children can be generalized, systemic or local.

According to the syndromological approach during vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, cardiac, respiratory, neurotic syndromes, thermoregulation disorder syndrome, vegetative-vascular crises, etc. are distinguished.

According to the severity, vegetative-vascular dystonia in children can be mild, moderate and severe; according to the type of flow - latent, permanent and paroxysmal.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

The clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child is largely determined by the direction of autonomic disorders - the predominance of vagotonia or sympathicotonia. About 30 syndromes and more than 150 complaints accompanying the course of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children have been described.

Cardiac syndrome of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is characterized by the development of paroxysmal cardialgia, arrhythmia (sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, irregular extrasystole), arterial hypotension or hypertension. In the case of a predominance of cardiovascular disorders in the structure of vegetative-vascular dystonia, they speak of the presence of neurocirculatory dystonia in children.

Neurotic syndrome with vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is the most constant. Usually the child complains of fatigue, sleep disturbances, bad memory, dizziness, headaches, vestibular disorders. Children with vegetative-vascular dystonia experience low mood, anxiety, suspiciousness, phobias, emotional lability, and sometimes hysterical reactions or depression.

With leading respiratory syndrome, shortness of breath develops at rest and during physical stress, periodic deep sighs and a feeling of lack of air are noted. Violation of thermoregulation in vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is expressed in the occurrence of intermittent low-grade fever, chills, chilliness, poor tolerance of cold, stuffiness and heat.

Reactions of the digestive system can be characterized by nausea, increased or decreased appetite, unmotivated abdominal pain, spastic constipation. The urinary system is characterized by a tendency to fluid retention, swelling under the eyes, and frequent urination. Children with vegetative-vascular dystonia often have marbled coloration and increased greasiness of the skin, red dermographism, and sweating.

Autonomic-vascular crises can occur of the sympathoadrenal, vagoinsular and mixed types, but they are less common in children than in adults. In childhood, crises usually have a vagotonic orientation, accompanied by sensations of cardiac arrest, lack of air, sweating, bradycardia, moderate hypotension, and post-crisis asthenia.

Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

The initial autonomic tone and autonomic reactivity are assessed using the analysis of subjective complaints and objective indicators - ECG data, Holter monitoring, orthostatic, pharmacological tests, etc.

To assess the functional state of the central nervous system in children with vegetative-vascular dystonia, EEG, REG, EchoEG, and rheovasography are performed.

During the diagnosis, other pathologies that have similar clinical manifestations are excluded: rheumatism, infective endocarditis, juvenile arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma, mental disorders, etc.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

When choosing methods for treating vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, the etiology and nature of autonomic disorders are taken into account. Preference is given to non-drug therapy. General recommendations include normalization of daily routine, rest and sleep; dosed physical activity; limiting traumatic influences, counseling family and child psychologist etc. For vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, courses of general massage and massage of the cervical-collar zone, IRT, physiotherapy (electrophoresis on the collar zone, endonasal electrophoresis, galvanization, electrosleep), exercise therapy have a positive effect. Water procedures are useful: swimming, healing shower(circular, fan, Charcot shower), general baths (turpentine, radon, pine, carbon dioxide).

An important role in the complex therapy of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children is given to the treatment of focal infection, somatic, endocrine and other diseases. If it is necessary to include drug therapy, sedatives, nootropics, multivitamin complexes are used, and, according to the indications of a pediatric psychoneurologist, antidepressants or tranquilizers are used.

Forecast and prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

Consistent prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of autonomic disorders can significantly reduce or eliminate the manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children. In the case of a progressive course of the syndrome, children may subsequently develop various psychosomatic pathologies, causing psychological and physical maladaptation of the child.

Prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children includes preventing the action of potential risk factors, general strengthening measures, and harmonizing the development of children. Children with vegetative-vascular dystonia should be monitored by specialists and receive systematic preventive treatment.

In the process of active growth and development, the child’s body may not cope with the tasks assigned to it. This is expressed by a deterioration in general well-being and a whole complex of symptoms that characterize disturbances in the functioning of the body. An entry with a diagnosis of “vegetative vascular dystonia” may appear in the child’s medical record.

Destabilization of the regulatory work of the autonomic nervous system leads to systemic failure and disruption of the functional activity of all organs. Vegetative vascular dystonia is accompanied by a whole complex of nonspecific symptoms and numerous complaints from patients. Treatment of VSD in children and adolescents is aimed at stabilizing the patient’s condition, taking into account the individual characteristics of the manifestation of the disease.

Causes of the disease

There are many reasons for the development of vegetative vascular dystonia in a child. The incidence of morbidity is directly affected by the age of the child. The highest percentage is observed among schoolchildren who are entering a phase of active development, hormonal maturation and increased psycho-emotional stress. But even parents of newborns can encounter vegetative-vascular dystonia in children.

From birth to 1 year:

hypoxia;
infections affecting intrauterine development;
heredity;
congenital diseases;
birth injuries;
pregnancy with complications (toxicosis, gestosis, infection);

From 1 year to 5 years:

past infections;
chronic diseases;
anemia;
allergies;
head injuries.

From 5 to 7 years:

psychological and emotional stress;
unfavorable home environment;
nutritional imbalance;
hormonal changes;
physical inactivity;
stress.

Negative factors that can provoke the manifestation of VSD:

psycho-emotional: stress, overwork, negative home environment, lack of trusting relationships within the family, school load;
infectious diseases;
hereditary predisposition;
lack of proper sleep;
passive lifestyle.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children

The manifestation of VSD is complex and occurs according to the same symptoms as other diseases, complicating the correct diagnosis.

Difficulties are caused by diagnosing vegetative-vascular dystonia in children of the first year of life. The newborn cannot speak, the symptoms do not have a pronounced form. He can only communicate all his problems by crying. Parents need to closely monitor the baby’s appetite, bowel regularity, frequency of regurgitation, and sleep. Vegetative-vascular dystonia in infants is accompanied by symptoms indicating problems with the gastrointestinal tract - appetite worsens, stool becomes irregular (constipation, diarrhea), weight gain slows down, allergies and skin rashes are possible. Sleep is disturbing and short-lived, often interrupted by crying.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child from one year of age is expressed in the form of low adaptive abilities of the body. He is susceptible to infections and frequent colds, is irritable, tearful, fearful and anxious, and does not interact well with other children. There is a strong attachment to the mother. Weight gain slows down, body weight decreases, and appetite worsens.

Vegetative vascular dystonia in a child 7 years of age and older is accompanied by paroxysmal symptoms. The child's sleep becomes restless, accompanied by insomnia, nightmares, anxiety attacks and worries. There are sudden changes in mood and a tendency to hysterics. Complaints of headaches, shortness of breath, feelings of fatigue and weakness, and memory impairment are not excluded. Body temperature periodically increases to low-grade fever, thermoregulation is impaired: the child sweats heavily or experiences a feeling of chilliness.

With vegetative vascular dystonia in a child over 9 years old, symptoms appear due to increased hormonal activity, which does not go unnoticed either for the physical or for the psycho-emotional state.

The manifestation of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children and adolescents has its own characteristics. This age is characterized by the dominance of a certain syndrome:

cardiac - bradycardia, arrhythmia, tachycardia, increase/decrease in pressure, feeling of lack of air, headaches, darkening of the eyes when changing position, pain in the heart area;
respiratory syndrome - difficulty breathing, accompanied by shortness of breath, a feeling of lack of air, noisy and deep breathing;
syndrome of impaired thermoregulation - chilliness, sweating, increased body temperature to low-grade fever;
neurotic - apathy, which manifests itself in paroxysms, worsening mood, depression, anxiety, the appearance of phobias and hysterics;
- problems with urination, stomach pain, intestinal colic, numbness of the limbs, pallor or redness of the skin.

Classification of pathology

The classification of VSD takes into account the prevailing criteria for determining the form of the course of this disorder.

Establishing etiological causes is necessary when determining the type of VSD. Taking this into account, the following are distinguished:

psychogenic type;
infectious-toxic type;
dishormonal type;
hereditary type;
mixed type.

Based on the totality of available signs and the nature of distribution, VSD can occur in a generalized, systemic or local form.

VSD is also classified according to the syndromic approach. There are: cardiac, respiratory, neurotic, thermoregulation disorder syndrome, vegetative-vascular crisis, etc.

VSD is leaking varying degrees gravity. According to this criterion, mild, moderate and severe forms are distinguished; by type of flow: latent, permanent and paroxysmal.

Types of disease

Types of VSD depending on the nature of the disorders. The sympathetic type of VSD affects the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. It can be identified by characteristic signs:

nervous excitability, short temper, aggressiveness, impulsiveness;
neuroses;
change in body temperature;
feeling of heat;
decreased concentration;
dryness and flaking of the skin;
good appetite, but no weight gain, and in some cases weight loss occurs.

The vagotonic type is formed due to a malfunction of the parasympathetic system. Children become lethargic, experience a constant feeling of weakness, and rapid fatigue. General change The condition is accompanied by attacks of fear, depression, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Signs of VSD of the vagotonic type:

low blood pressure;
paroxysmal pain in the heart area;
breathing is rare and labored;
swelling around the eyes;
increased sweating;
increased salivation;
headaches, dizziness, attacks of nausea;
pallor, prominent vascular network on the surface of the skin.

VSD of mixed type can be characterized as a violation of the stability of blood vessels, which manifests itself in the form. It tends to sharply increase or decrease to minimum levels.

Diagnosis of VSD

If you have symptoms of VSD, you should contact your local pediatrician. He will conduct an examination, collect complaints, make a conclusion based on the aggregate data and give a referral to specialized specialists, whose task is to exclude other pathologies.

Coming comprehensive examination from doctors:

neurologist;
cardiologist;
endocrinologist;
gastroenterologist;
otolaryngologist;
ophthalmologist.

Diagnostic research methods used:

taking an electrocardiogram;
electroencephalography;
rheoencephalography;
echoencephalography;
rheovasography;
daily heart monitoring.

After diagnosing vegetative-vascular dystonia in children, treatment will be comprehensive, including medicinal and non-medicinal methods.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children consists of non-drug therapy and medications. Depending on the symptoms of vegetative vascular dystonia in a child, treatment is prescribed.

Therapeutic measures that exclude the use of medications:

physiotherapy;
massage course;
hardening;
physical therapy under the supervision of a doctor;
taking medications for plant based with a calming sedative effect.

A visit to a psychologist is recommended to stabilize the mental state of adults and children and normalize family relationships. A psychologist will help you cope with fears, phobias, and self-doubt, which often accompanies vegetative-vascular disorders in childhood. One of the leading experts in this field is psychologist and hypnotherapist Nikita Valerievich Baturin. His techniques and exercises can be found at YouTube channel , detailed information You can also find out about it in