When you lose consciousness, a person breathes. Hypotension as a cause of frequent fainting

What is fainting, many know, alas, not by hearsay. Fainting does not know age or gender preferences. Both men, and women, and adults, and children faint. They faint from fright, from stuffiness, from the sight of blood, from the terrible appearance of a small gray mouse ...

Fainting causes: fall during pregnancy, during menstruation, during exams, during physical training… They fall at low blood pressure and at elevated atmospheric pressure, after alcohol abuse and overdose of certain drugs… Some people fall “for love of art”, just to demonstrate female weakness, scare others, attract attention to themselves… But how many people know that , exactly, this such - fainting?

The patient is more alive than dead...

Fainting, as doctors would say, is a sudden short-term loss of consciousness, one of the varieties of acute vascular brain failure. It is most often caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain, although there may be other causes. But, in general, what mechanisms lead to a clouding of consciousness or even to its complete loss - let the experts figure it out (between us, they themselves have not figured it out yet). For us, now it matters that it all looks about the same: a person becomes "bad", he "rolls" his eyes and begins to settle on the ground. Note that a sudden "full-length" drop is relatively rare. As a rule, such sharp falls are associated with a rather serious pathology, for example, with epileptic seizures. Exceptions to this rule are the so-called drop attacks - this is when a person suddenly falls to the ground, losing his balance. These states may also be healthy women, for example, during pregnancy.

In typical cases of fainting sharp drop does not happen, and there may not even be a complete loss of consciousness, it just occurs "lightheadedness", clouding of consciousness, severe weakness. If loss of consciousness does occur, it is usually short-lived - from a few seconds to 4-5 minutes. Often there is pallor profuse sweat, cardiopalmus. People who are fainting usually have low blood pressure. But for those around it jumps and sometimes quite significantly! A commotion may well begin that no one needs, and, above all, the lady herself, peacefully lying in a swoon, who, fortunately, does not even suspect about this commotion. The question is, what, then, should the unfortunate people around do?

Calm! Only peace...

The first thing you should do if someone somewhere near you fainted is to say to yourself: "Calm down! Calm down! It's okay, it's something everyday ..." In fact, a woman who has lost consciousness, most often it's better not to bother. Consciousness will return when the normal blood supply to the brain is restored, and you simply cannot influence this blood supply in any way (unless, of course, you have a cool resuscitator with a resuscitation kit at hand). To restore adequate cerebral blood flow required horizontal position body (vascular tone is sharply reduced and if we raise our head or body, the blood will simply flow into lower limbs and about any normal blood supply, of course, we will not talk). Therefore, the patient should be immediately laid on her back (in mild cases, you can simply sit with your back supported on the back of a chair, armchair). Please note that nothing is placed under the head! The head must be at least level with the body.

No need to try to find a pulse, because low pressure and loss vascular tone, the pulse wave is very weak and you may not be able to feel it. In such cases, doctors determine the pulse on the neck, on the carotid artery (if you think you know where carotid artery, you can try to find the pulse there).

It is necessary to provide good access to oxygen (often this alone leads to the cessation of fainting) - unbutton the collar, if around fallen man crowded a lot of onlookers - part. Can be sprayed on the face cold water or bring a cotton swab moistened with alcohol, ammonia to the nose. Do not try to pour half a vial of ammonia on the sick person or wipe the temples with it - this is an ammonia solution, and it does not restore cerebral circulation, but stimulates respiratory center through nerve endings in the nasopharynx - a person takes a reflex breath and a large portion of oxygen enters the body with inspiration. You can, while continuing to hold the cotton wool with ammonia at the nose, cover your mouth with your palm for a couple of seconds - all the inhaled air will go through the nose, and ammonia vapor will enter the nasal cavity. You can, at worst, just click on the tip of the nose - a painful stimulus is also sometimes able to stimulate the restoration of consciousness. The main thing, I remind you once again - do not get lost and do not panic. And everything will be alright.

Something about "saving the drowning"

The salvation of the drowning, as you know, is the work of the drowning themselves. If you began to notice a bad habit of repetitive fainting, you will need to pay attention to it. First of all, be examined by a neurologist and a cardiologist to exclude diseases nervous system(such as convulsive syndrome, long-term effects traumatic brain injury) and heart disease (disorders heart rate, undiagnosed heart disease, etc.) You will have to avoid stuffy rooms and prolonged exposure to the sun. If this is impossible to avoid, at least try to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids (but not sparkling water).

Quite often fainting, the cause, which is preceded by a short period of precursors: "faintness" weakness, nausea. If you feel it, don't wait further development events, take action immediately (even if it later turns out that you were sick of your new colleague). You must immediately lie down or sit down (and if you sit down, then with maximum comfort, with maximum relaxation). I remind you that the more horizontal your body is located, the better. You can not tilt your head back if you are sitting. You can take a few deep, but always slow breaths. You can carry a cotton swab with ammonia in a tube of nitroglycerin or validol. You can not take any medicine by mouth! You can lose consciousness at any time, and the tablet may be in your mouth at that moment and, after relaxing the muscles of the tongue and pharynx, fly into the windpipe. Finally, you can simply increase the flow of oxygen by unfastening or loosening a tight collar, belt.

Of course, in a small article it is impossible to highlight all the nuances of fainting, the reasons for this, rather complex, medical problem. But still I hope that someone these simple tips help make life easier. Still, whatever you say, fainting is a matter of life ...

Among the most common causes of loss of consciousness, experts distinguish:

suddenly arisen oxygen starvation . Such situations often arise during a long stay in a stuffy room, with prolonged immobility (passengers in vehicles, soldiers in the ranks, children in the choir, etc.), when getting up abruptly from a chair, bed, due to wearing a tight collar, when sharp turn neck.

What to do? For starters, don't be scared. Such fainting is purely reflex, regulatory in nature, when in response to a sudden outflow of blood to the lower extremities and the resulting oxygen starvation, our brain, like a computer, switches to a maintenance mode. If you have already fainted more than once, try to avoid situations that provoke it: do not stand for a long time, do not get up abruptly, etc.

The fall blood pressure . Such a development of events can lead to severe blood loss, shocks various origins, thermal shock and others critical conditions. Often, hypotensive patients also faint - owners of abnormally low blood pressure (below 100/60 mm Hg in men and 95/60 in women).

What to do? The most effective preventive and remedy is vascular training. These procedures include cold and hot shower, dousing with cold water, bath or sauna, massage and hydromassage. But, resorting to them, you need to observe a sense of proportion. Isometric exercises are also useful, which include a carpal expander, which trains the support reflex in the body.

Decreased blood sugar. We are talking about hypoglycemia, in which the glucose level is below 2.8 mmol / l. Mild hypoglycemia is not life-threatening, but urgent action must be taken to prevent the condition from worsening.

What to do? it is urgent to normalize or increase blood sugar. At the first of its symptoms (an acute feeling of hunger, sweating, trembling in the limbs, deterioration of vision - especially at dusk, etc.), you should immediately take 20-30 g pure sugar or other rapidly absorbed carbohydrates.

If you are a diabetic, it is best to take 3-4 sugar cubes or a small packet of juice with you when leaving the house (unlike other carbohydrate foods, refined sugar is absorbed the fastest).

Heart rhythm disturbances (faster or slower). Cardiac arrhythmias that occur against the background of emotional and, experts consider the most dangerous cause sudden attacks of loss of consciousness, which can result in cardiac arrest.

What to do? Undergo an examination, which includes, in addition to the usual electrocardiogram, a daily ECG recording (the so-called Holter monitoring), a test with physical activity(on a bicycle ergometer or treadmill), ultrasound procedure hearts.

It may also be necessary to conduct an electrophysiological study of the heart and a number of other special tests. It is better to do them in a specialized clinic or center where they are familiar with the problem of fainting and sudden cardiac death.

Fainting is a normal biological momentary condition accompanied by sudden loss of consciousness. People usually faint when there is a sudden decrease in oxygen supply to the brain. A person standing upright collapses to the ground in the blink of an eye. In most cases, the patient regains consciousness within a few minutes. However, there are some serious causes of fainting that can leave a person unconscious for a significant period of time and may require immediate medical intervention. But, nevertheless, most fainting conditions do not have life-threatening consequences.

Fainting can affect anyone at any time, regardless of the person's age. Those who are weak, dehydrated, suffering from some kind of illness are more prone to sudden fainting. Exposure to the sun for a long time can also cause fainting.

Pre-syncope symptoms

• vision loss
• dizziness
• sweaty palms
• ragged breathing
• nausea

A sharp decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain leads to fainting. The person loses control of their muscles, which eventually provokes a "shutdown". The following are some of the causes associated with fainting:

Improper nutrition

This is one of the most common causes of fainting in people of all age groups. This is due to low level blood sugar, which leads to a decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain. It can also be the result of fasting.

Dehydration causes a decrease in water levels in the bloodstream and lowers blood pressure, which stimulates the vagus nerve. Nervus vagus associated with the management of regular blood flow to the stomach. When stimulated, it directs blood flow to the intestines, depriving the brain of nutrition, which leads to fainting.

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Shock

In the case of shock, a sudden drop in blood pressure leads to a decrease in the level of oxygen reaching the brain. This directly affects the nervous system and leads to a darkening of consciousness. People are fainting from strong fear, anxiety, or emotional distress.

Heart problems

Many things can cause a drop in blood pressure. Due to low blood pressure, the heart is unable to pump enough blood, which leads to a decrease in the blood supply to the brain, as a result of which the person loses consciousness. Often, similar symptoms heart disease is ignored.

Blood loss

Loss of blood due to an accident or blood donation lowers the amount of blood far below normal, which can be one of the causes of fainting.

Other factors include stress, pain, drug use (such as cocaine and marijuana), chronic alcoholism, some kind of head injury, sleep deprivation, seizures, potassium deficiency, etc. Consumption of strong drugs can also lead to fainting. It is also quite normal during pregnancy.

About 20% of children lose consciousness before the age of 15. common cause syncope in children is vasovagal syndrome. Most cases occur due to overexertion, sudden injury, unpleasant looking blood, anxiety, extreme fear of any particular situation or watching movies.

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Nonetheless, correct diagnosis reasons is important step in problem solving for children. This may be a sign of some hidden disease, which until now could be neglected. Proper treatment requires complete medical examination and family history information.

Syncope treatment

The treatment for fainting depends on the specific cause. A correct diagnosis must be made, depending on the symptoms. Diagnostic tests include stress testing, an event recorder, echocardiography, or electrophysiological testing. You need to consult a cardiologist or neurologist in case of frequent cases dizziness. Although it is not life threatening, you need to know about first aid.

First aid

• Make sure that Airways clean.
• Loosen tight clothing like a collar around your neck.
• Check your pulse.
• Stimulate the person by patting their cheeks quickly.
• Have the person lie down and raise their legs above heart level.
• In some cases, artificial respiration may be required.
• Typically, the patient recovers in a minute or two. In such cases, there is no need to panic. However, if the person does not regain consciousness within a few minutes, seek immediate medical attention.

Hello dear readers. Today we have an interesting post, and I will tell you about a short-term loss of consciousness. This was written down from the words of Sergei Alexandrovich, a doctor who worked all his life chiropractor. I have known him for over 10 years. Somehow I was twisted (I have an erased disc of the spine, and it sometimes causes trouble), and my friends gave me the phone number of a good doctor. Since then, I have often visited him. And when I once again came to the doctor for prevention, namely, the future of medicine lies in prevention, then they started talking about “quick” dizziness and short-term loss of consciousness.

The fact is that I used to have this, and my brother also had it in his youth. So I decided to cover this topic in more detail.

The human mind is one of the most great values that he possesses. And this is not about social, political, or any other consciousness, but about a completely material, concrete - physiological, that is, the ability of the brain and central nervous system to adequately perceive and respond to the external environment, being in an active, waking state (phase) .
This is extremely important, as it allows the brain to work fully, and the person to remain complete, in every sense. But, sometimes, some people have to deal with a short-term (in some cases - for a few seconds) loss of consciousness.

Syncope, as this condition is also very often called, this is a sudden, but short-term, fainting, the cause of which is a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the brain tissues due to a violation of blood flow or a decrease in its concentration (oxygen) in the blood.

Many have faced this. For some people, this process happens so quickly that they don’t even pay attention to it and don’t attach any importance to it, since everything lasts for some fractions of a second, purely physiological level feeling only a slight, barely noticeable dizziness.

Meanwhile, a short-term loss of consciousness for a few seconds is very dangerous, because it is often accompanied by a violation of the sense of spatial orientation, balance and, as a result, a fall, or a violation of coordination of movements (if the body is in a horizontal position, or the person is just sitting) .

For example, if you are crossing a road, working on a machine, walking on a bridge, driving a car, and so on, then you will lose consciousness at this time, even for some very a short time, is fraught with many negative consequences, not only for you personally, but also for many others.

For example, in the 19th century, girls often fainted because of fashion. Then the thin waist was fashionable, and the girls laced their corsets too tightly. As a result, constricted vessels. It has found a place even in painting.

Therefore, you should figure out what causes can provoke such conditions, what to do if this has already happened, which specialist is better to contact, and so on.

Brief loss of consciousness by fall

Fainting is a word used to describe loss of consciousness. But, it essentially means the same thing. Fainting lasts from a few seconds to several minutes, otherwise it makes sense to consider the patient's condition as a coma. With syncope, a longer loss of the ability of the brain to remain conscious is very rare. The most common types of fainting are:

• - vasovagal syncope (sharp vasodilation and slowing of the heart rate);
• - hyperventilation syncopation;
• - associated with hyperkinetic syndrome (GCS);
• - cough syncopation;
• - nicturic (occurs in men);
• - hypoglycemic (decrease in blood glucose);
• - orthostatic syncope (a sharp transition from horizontal to vertical position)
• - traumatic (as a result of an injury, circulation is disturbed), and so on.

What is characteristic, in the overwhelming majority of cases, almost with every fainting, lipothymia is noted. This is a specific condition, also called "pre-fainting." It is accompanied by a deterioration in well-being, darkening in the eyes (short-term clouding in the eyes and loss of consciousness are very closely related), dizziness, rapid breathing, impaired sense of balance and other symptoms.

If loss of consciousness is accompanied by a fall, then it is syncopation that should be considered among the first causes of such a pathology. The blood flow can be permanently disturbed, but when, suddenly, the volume of blood that is delivered to the brain decreases even more, there is a loss of consciousness (fainting) and, as a result, a fall.

For example, if a patient suffers from osteochondrosis, then the blood flow is usually disturbed. A person can practically not feel this, since he lives with it all the time and is already used to this state. But, as soon as the vessels are compressed even more, for example, with a sharp turn of the head, the volume of blood for the brain becomes catastrophically small, and syncope is an almost inevitable result of such a development of events.

Syncope can be caused a large number factors. Consider the most common among them!

1. Syncope of a neurotransmitter character. Blood pressure human is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. With a sharp change in its activity (when it shows hyperactivity), bradycardia may be observed, less often - expansion of the lumen blood vessels, including those leading to the tissues of the brain (which, as we know, controls our consciousness).

This can already serve as fertile ground for fainting. But, when these two states are observed at once (in a complex, simultaneously), then the loss of consciousness, accompanied, of course, by a fall, occurs very often.

2. Orthostatic hypotension. It is based on the following mechanism: when the body moves from a vertical to a horizontal position, the blood pressure in the body, and in particular in the brain, drops sharply by 20 millimeters of mercury or more. The load on the heart increases, as the blood, under the influence of the Earth's gravity, rushes to chest from the head.

The heart muscle slows down for a very short period of time, which further aggravates the situation, reducing blood circulation against the backdrop of already extremely low pressure. organism healthy person adequately responds to such situations, and the pressure remains almost stable even with a very sharp change in body position.

But in a sick person, or in older people, everything happens exactly as described above. The situation can complicate, or provoke it initially, Parkinson's disease, diabetic neuropathy, orthostatic hypotension, side effects reception pharmaceuticals, amyloid neuropathy, alcohol abuse or smoking and so on.

3. Arrhythmia of the heart muscle. It manifests itself in violation of the work of the heart: the deviation of the rhythm of its contractions from the natural, normal. It can suddenly beat too fast, then vice versa - too slowly. This disrupts the perfusion of brain tissue, causing loss of balance, sense of spatial orientation, falling, and so on.

Cardiac arrhythmias are often caused by: sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia and other reasons. is not very common cause syncopation, but it makes sense to consider it as a possibility.

4. Syncope from cardiac, pulmonary or cardiopulmonary disorders. It's about about acute conditions! Since blood and respiratory system are the main links in terms of oxygen saturation of the brain. When something goes wrong with them, he also suffers.

Among them: heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and others. Such conditions, as a rule, require immediate hospitalization and emergency qualified medical care.

5. Fainting due to serious violation blood circulation in the brain. The reasons are also varied: from past injuries to blockage of blood vessels, due to the presence of blood clots or cholesterol plaques in them.

Brief loss of consciousness for a few seconds causes

Among the causes of loss of consciousness for a few seconds is the main one, this is syncope (impaired oxygen supply to the brain). This is one of the main reasons.

But, cases of loss of consciousness are also possible and for more a long period, from a few seconds to several minutes. These include:

- generalized epileptic seizure(as a rule, it lasts longer than 1 minute);

- intracerebral bleeding (hemorrhage);

- subarachnoid hemorrhage;

- thrombosis of the basilar artery;

- traumatic brain injury varying degrees severity, as well as spinal injuries;

- metabolic disorders;

- exogenous intoxication;

Naturally, help, in each case, will be different, since specific actions, their algorithm, depend on the cause of fainting. But, there are general rules that can help a person who has lost consciousness to emergency. First of all, you should call ambulance.

Whether to help a person who has fainted on his own, without having special education and even elementary knowledge in providing emergency emergency care? This is a rhetorical question. Everything depends on the situation.

If, for example, you know that an ambulance is on its way, and the situation does not require urgent action drastic measures, it’s not worth doing anything, just wait near the patient until specialists arrive.

If a person, for example, has lost consciousness and is in a place or in a position that specific situation threatens his life, or the lives of others, then measures must be taken, but very carefully, as he may have injuries to the musculoskeletal system or internal organs obtained during the fall.

Although, as a rule, when fainting, the body relaxes so much, becoming relatively plastic, that a person gets off only slight bruises. How exactly can you help:

- move the person to a safe place;

- if he lies on his stomach - turn him over on his back;

- raise your legs up, very carefully, to improve cerebral circulation;

- sprinkle his face with fresh water;

- to provide him with an influx of fresh air.

But, once again: taking any radical action without understanding the situation is fraught with negative consequences. Therefore, in most cases, it is advisable to simply provide the patient with a shade (if it is a hot day), provide fresh air to him and sprinkle his face with water, waiting, after all, for the doctors.

If we talk about helping yourself, then this, a priori, is impossible until you regain consciousness. After that, you should call for help. If there was no one nearby, you need to very slowly, but without excessive load on the muscles of the limbs, rise and slowly proceed to the nearest place where you can sit down until you fully recover.

It should be in the shade and in the fresh air. Breathe slowly, but full chest. If possible, contact friends or relatives who can find you and help you get home. As soon as possible, especially if fainting is regular, try to contact a specialist - an experienced qualified physician.

Which doctor will help?

It often happens that the first doctor you have to go to is an emergency room worker. Further, if necessary (depending on the causes of fainting), the patient can be referred to a hospital, where he is treated by a general practitioner. Completely different specialists can be involved in the treatment process, depending on the situation: a surgeon, a neuropathologist, a psychiatrist, a cardiologist, an endocrinologist, an infectious disease specialist, and others.

If it turns out that the cause of fainting is a sharp emotional shock (for example, stunning news), which also often happens, or, for example, physical exhaustion of the body as a result of infectious disease or heavy loads then, in such cases, hospitalization may not be required.

What to do to avoid short-term loss of consciousness

If you feel that you are about to faint (this is usually felt in advance), then you should immediately take a sitting or lying position, calling for help. No need to be nervous, it can aggravate the situation. Breathe evenly and deeply, drink a couple of sips of water.

In terms of recommendations for general strengthening body can be advised: hardening, normalization of the daily routine, exclusion from your life, as far as possible, of any stressful situations, rejection bad habits, reference active image life and so on. Naturally, general strengthening measures should not run counter to possible contraindications. Be healthy!

• What are the causes of loss of consciousness
• Performing chest compressions artificial respiration

A sharp loss of consciousness by a person, as a rule, is closely related to disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system. During this state, people lose their balance and fall, while not even able to move their limbs. During the period of loss of consciousness, only convulsions are possible. People in this state stop responding to others, moreover, they lose the ability to think logically and give answers to the questions asked of them.

The reasons

To date, several reasons are known, due to which the risk of losing consciousness increases. Here is a list of the main reasons sudden loss consciousness:

1. The first is the lack of blood supply to the brain;
2. The second is the lack of nutrition for the brain;
3. The third is low oxygen content in the blood;
4. The fourth is incorrect work, in which uncharacteristic discharges occur in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe brain.

These and other irregularities indicate possibly temporary ailments or rather serious problems with health

These reasons will be discussed in more detail below.

The lack of blood supply to the brain can occur:

1. Such a reason may be too pronounced work vegetative system person. This reaction is usually due to external stimuli or unusual situations. For example: the usual fright, various experiences, a small amount of oxygen in the human blood.
2. Problems in the field of cardiology can also cause this reason loss of consciousness. This happens due to a decrease in cardiac output of blood in the human body. Such cases often end in myocardial infarction. It also occurs due to an incorrect rhythm during the work of the heart. The problem may be caused by frequent nerve impulses that accompany the ventricles and atria. After these troubles, as a rule, pathologies arise. various types. Interruptions during contractions are especially acute, the organs do not receive right amount blood in a timely manner for their normal function. And all this significantly affects the work of the human brain.

By the way, on the cardiogram, you can easily notice the consequences of unnatural inflow and outflow of blood in the body. It clearly displays abnormal nerve processes in the region of the ventricle. However, they almost never cause loss of consciousness. Some people do not notice this problem in themselves and live in their usual mode. All these causes and symptoms of fainting should be known and be able to partially eliminate them on the spot!

1. Quite often, people who have lost consciousness long time there is a decrease in blood pressure. People who have problems with the use of antihypertensive drugs are also at risk, the elderly are no exception to this. Abrupt change the position of the human body, as a rule, causes this cause. For example, you can stand up abruptly, that is, change the sitting or lying position. During the passivity of the limbs, there is a delay in the work of the vessels, and with rapid movement, they are not able to quickly return to the desired shape. This is the reason for the decrease in blood pressure and blood flow to the brain of the body.
2. Due to significant changes in large blood vessels, loss of consciousness may also occur. Since it is these vessels that feed the brain. This problem can lead to a disease called atherosclerosis. With this disease, the walls and gaps in the vessels are fastened.
3. Also, quite often, loss of consciousness can be caused by the presence of blood clots. There is a possibility that they partially or completely close the passage through the blood vessels. In most cases, clots form due to surgical intervention. Quite often, this problem occurs after heart valve replacement surgery. It is curious that the occurrence of blood clots is observed at any age, so that every person can have them. People who are at risk of this type of blockage are prescribed special medications to be taken on permanent basis. There are still cases when blood clots form in the vessels due to incorrect operation heart rhythm. For such problems, it is also prescribed special preparations for the reception.
4. Anaphylactic shock can also cause loss of consciousness. Such shock often occurs due to a rather severe allergic reaction, which can be caused by any drug. It can also cause loss of consciousness infectious shock, which may occur after severe illness. This state can cause expansion in the area of ​​blood vessels, which will lead to a significant increase in the outflow of blood in the area of ​​the heart. Such a reaction can be provoked by vasodilating components in medicines. At the same time, permeability blood capillaries, as a result, they begin to work even more forcefully. All of the above reasons also disrupt blood flow to the human brain.

If a person finds these symptoms in himself, he should immediately seek help from qualified specialist, who, in turn, will have to immediately conduct an examination and prescribe gentle tests. Only after receiving all the results it will be possible to put accurate diagnosis. As a result, the patient will need to undergo several procedures:

• visit a neurologist to determine the possible presence of vascular dystonia
• visit a general practitioner to determine the possibility of hypotension, a disease in which low blood pressure can be observed. Also, the doctor must conduct several procedures to identify the patient's tendency to hypertension.
• be sure to undergo an ECHO procedure, in other words, an ultrasound of the heart, which will help determine the presence of any defects and heart failure.
• there is an option that the patient will be offered to do a Doppler ultrasound, to study blood vessels and various pathologies in them.

Loss of consciousness with a lack of oxygen in the blood occurs with the following diseases:

1. Loss of consciousness in children and women for this reason is possible if the air that a person inhales does not contain the required amount of oxygen. Because of this, in stuffy rooms, there is often a risk of fainting and dizziness.
2. Also, loss of consciousness in adolescents can cause various diseases in the lung area, one of these diseases is bronchial asthma. This problem is especially true for people who suffer chronically from such ailments. Frequent cough may cause various violations mechanism in the work of the lungs, due to which there is a significant lack of oxygen during inspiration. Also during this there is a possibility of manifestation of insufficient cardiac output.
3. Anemia is one of the most common causes of loss of consciousness. As a result low content hemoglobin in the blood, which should not fall below 70 g / l. However, fainting is possible with high content this substance in the human body. But most often it happens in stuffy rooms.
4. Poisoning with poisonous oxygen oxide is also often the cause of loss of consciousness. This gas cannot be seen and is odorless and tasteless. Oxygen oxide can enter the body quite easily. For example, when melting the stove or while using gas with the hoods turned off. Also, this gas comes from the exhaust pipes of cars, so it is not recommended to be in the cab of the car if it is not ventilated. This gas enters the lungs of a person quite easily, after which it immediately combines with hemoglobin. As a result, the paths to the passage are closed. pure oxygen into the blood. As a result, oxygen starvation occurs in the body. There is a possibility of problems in the work of the heart.

To quickly solve problems with loss of consciousness for these reasons, you need to pass a series of tests and undergo mandatory procedures. So it's important enough:

• pass general analysis blood. This will help to see the number and condition of all bodies in the blood of the human body, such as red blood cells and hemoglobin. With the help of this analysis, the presence of asthma in the patient is also checked.
• it is necessary to make an x-ray in the area of ​​​​the lungs. This procedure will help check the body for the presence of bronchitis and other diseases, as well as oncological changes.
• spirography is also required. It will help determine the correctness of breathing and the strength of a person's exhalations.
• you may need to visit a specialist allergic reactions. Indeed, most allergens in external environment cause such a state.

Syncopal conditions in violation of the oxygen supply of the human brain, mainly occur in diabetes mellitus.

1. People suffering from diabetes may make a mistake and inject the wrong dose of insulin into the body. Which leads to a significant decrease in blood sugar, resulting in a violation of brain metabolism and erroneous receipt of nerve impulses.
2. Loss of consciousness is observed both with an excess amount of insulin in the body, as well as with its deficiency. With a lack of insulin, the blood is saturated large quantity glucose, which harms many organs that are associated with these processes, as a result, a change in metabolism occurs. Often a person suffering for such reasons may be unpleasant to smell of acetone vapor.

Lactic acid coma can also cause loss of consciousness. In this case, there are diseases that are associated with kidney failure. The patient's blood is saturated with a huge mass of lactic acid. In this case, the smell of acetone is not felt.

In any case, it is necessary to check the patient for the presence of diabetes. To do this, you need to donate blood to the laboratory, this analysis must be done on an empty stomach. This blood test will tell a lot about the diseases of a person. For example, the analysis showed increased content glucose in capillary blood, which means that insulin does not greatly affect the suppression of its production. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to conduct another analysis. After donating blood on an empty stomach, as a rule, the patient is given a special dose of glucose solution to drink, after which the procedure is repeated. If glucose exceeds the norm, then a person definitely has diabetes mellitus.

The result of urinalysis also determines the presence of glucose. In a healthy person, this substance cannot be in the urine. To fully determine the diagnosis of diabetes, after carrying out the prescribed procedures for several weeks, doctors measure the level of hemoglobin.

The pancreas is responsible for the production of insulin, so doctors often order patients to do an ultrasound. Such an examination helps to determine the pathology in this organ and helps to see the causes of this disease.

A failure in the transmission of impulses according to the axioms of the brain or the occurrence of pathological discharges in the neurons of the brain occur under such conditions:

1. This reason quite often causes a loss of consciousness in a person. Often he has seizures that recur with a certain frequency. This happens thanks to the neurons in the brain. It is extremely easy to determine the presence of a seizure in a person, at this moment there are periodic twitches of muscles that are in a tense state.

2. Loss of consciousness when receiving craniocerebral injuries, as a result strong blows head. At the same time, bruises, concussions, tumors in the brain are possible. After such injuries, the displacement of areas of both hemispheres of the brain is likely. Compression occurs, resulting in intracranial pressure rises. These processes greatly complicate the work of the human brain. If the blow was not strong and the damage was not significant, then consciousness will return within a few minutes and there will be no significant changes in the body. However, in the event of severe injuries, edema and rupture of some vessels are possible. In critical cases, a person may fall into a coma.

3. Any kind of stroke, such as ischemic or hemorrhagic, can also be the cause of frequent fainting. These species have many differences from each other. Ischemic stroke causes improper blood supply to the cerebral cortex, causing blockages. Often people who take low-quality alcohol in large doses or tinctures with a high percentage of alcohol. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs as a result of rupture of blood vessels in the cerebral cortex. This is the cause of cerebral hemorrhage, quite often this leads to the death of the patient.

The two types of stroke have something in common, this is the cause of their occurrence. These diseases occur with constant jumps in blood pressure, when it quickly rises and decreases at the same rate. Therefore, it is necessary to be examined in a timely manner for the presence of problems in this area.

First aid

Any person should be able to provide first aid, if suddenly there was a case of loss of consciousness before his eyes. Here are some tips that can help save the life of another person. it is a sudden and dangerous thing.

Quite often, people lose consciousness when they are in stuffy rooms. In such cases, the body does not receive the right amount of necessary oxygen. Also, this can happen due to frequent experiences and unrest. If a person suddenly lost consciousness for these reasons, the following measures should be taken:

• a person needs to free his throat, remove the scarf, unbutton the buttons on the collar, untie the tie;
• provide accommodation for the sick fresh air or if possible, take him outside;
• in order for a person to wake up, it is necessary to take soaked in ammonia cotton wool and bring it to his airways;
• if a person does not regain consciousness, he needs to provide a safe and comfortable body position. A good solution is to turn it on its side, while making sure that the tongue does not sink, which can cause choking. It is best to check this sign in the first seconds, for this you will need to unclench the jaws of the victim with your fingers or other suitable objects. If necessary, you should fix the tongue to the cheek in the mouth. It is very important that the airway is completely open;
• it is also quite important to check the presence of a pulse in a person and the correctness of breathing in an unconscious state;
• if the patient has no pulse and breathing, it is necessary to give him a heart massage and artificial respiration. Well if this procedure will be carried out by an experienced person;
• in such a situation, you should immediately call an ambulance. And before export, it is required to accurately describe all the symptoms of the patient to the doctors.

There are situations when a person is not a witness to how another loses consciousness. In this case, it is necessary to take the following measures:

• try to find witnesses who noticed how the person lost consciousness. Perhaps someone knows the reason for this incident. It is necessary to check the pockets of the victim, it is likely that there will be special drugs that can help bring him to his senses. People suffering from chronic diseases of this kind often carry medicines with them;
• you also need to conduct an inspection for injuries in a person who has fainted. If bleeding is detected, you need to try to stop it before the ambulance arrives;
• it is important to determine the pulse and check for breathing in a person. To check the pulse, you need to feel with two fingers thyroid cartilage the victim. Then lower them a little lower.

Usually in this area the pulse is felt well;

• if a person is still warm, but he has no pulse and breathing, it is required to check the reaction of the pupils to light. Often there are cases when a person at clinical death still responds well to light rays. You can check this in this way: open the patient's eyes closed for centuries, if he is alive, then the pupils will sharply begin to narrow. If the patient initially lies with open eyes, it is worth covering them with your palm or any dark cloth for a few seconds, then carry out the previous action. If the incident happened at night or late in the evening, you can use a flashlight or mobile phone. There is another way to check the reaction of the eye. For this handkerchief or another soft cloth it is necessary to touch the eyelids of the victim. If a person is alive, he will immediately begin to blink, regardless of his condition. This is a natural reaction to external stimuli.

An ambulance does not always arrive immediately after a call, but in such a state every minute is important. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to try to provide self help to the victim. Help restore life processes may massage the heart of any kind or artificial respiration mouth to mouth. However, there is no need to rush with these methods. Quite often they cause serious harm to the victim. But they can also save a person's life. While the ambulance is on the way. It is important not to overdo it, especially when performing heart massage, as this can lead to complex fractures.

Technique of indirect heart massage and artificial respiration

Before starting indirect heart massage and artificial respiration, it is necessary to position the patient as conveniently as possible and free the oral cavity from vomit or excessive salivation. After that, you need to throw the person’s head back, while making sure that the front jaw is slightly extended. If the jaw is strongly compressed, it must be unclenched with any improvised objects, while not causing severe injury to the victim. Only then can the procedure of introducing air into the nose be carried out. It is best to perform artificial respiration through a handkerchief. Need to do two deep breaths the victim, while the nose or mouth must be well clamped. After inhaling, you need to press your hands on the middle of the person’s chest. Ten clicks will be enough. After that, the procedure must be repeated in the same order. The procedure for artificial respiration and chest compressions will be easier and more effective if it is carried out by two people at the same time. It's not easy to deal with this alone. One person presses on the sternum, the other inhales. Three to five pressures should be combined with one or two breaths.

It may be necessary to carry out such a procedure until an ambulance appears.