What is endometrium in gynecology. What is the normal thickness of the endometrium and pathology abnormalities

Article outline

Female reproductive system - complex mechanism, in which each organ must clearly perform its function. The importance of the uterus cannot be underestimated; it develops unborn child. In order for a woman to perform her reproductive function, her health is in order, internal slime layer The uterus (endometrium) is renewed monthly. Only a healthy layer is able to create conditions for the development of the baby. In this article we will figure out what the thickness of the endometrium should be by day of the cycle; it is important for a woman to know this, since only if the internal mucous layer is healthy can a fertilized egg be implanted in it.

Endometrial structure

The endometrium contributes to the implementation of the mechanism menstrual cycle. Another of its tasks is to provide the most suitable conditions for fixation of a fertilized egg in the uterus, its full development, and obtaining everything necessary from the mother’s body.

Consists of 2 layers:

1. basal – layer directly adjacent to the uterine walls;
2. functional – surface layer, rejected during menstruation. The basal layer ensures its complete restoration before the start of the next cycle.

Hormonal background female body responsible for the thickness and structure of the internal mucous layer. It increases monthly - this happens during the 2nd phase monthly cycle. The process of its blood supply also increases. This indicates that the organ is ready to receive the fertilized egg. Rejection of the functional layer occurs when a woman does not become pregnant - menstruation begins.

Stages of endometrial development

The process of cyclical changes in the uterus in a woman’s body occurs monthly. The size of the endometrium differs depending on the stage of the monthly cycle. There is a division of the menstrual cycle into phases:

1. bleeding stage - desquamation;
2. phase of change in the basal area - proliferation;
3. growth of the functional surface - secretion.

At the 1st stage, the rejection process begins, the upper (functional) layer is removed. First, detachment occurs, then the restoration process begins. A new layer begins to actively develop from the cells of the basal layer.

At the second stage, the functional layer grows and tissues grow. There are only 3 stages that he goes through every month - early, middle, late.

At the third stage, blood vessels and glands develop. The mucous membrane thickens, this is facilitated by its swelling. The process is also divided into 3 stages - early, middle, late. In gynecology, there are average norms for the size of the mucous layer of the uterus.

How and why to measure the thickness of the mucous layer

It is impossible to determine the thickness of the endometrium by preventive examination at the gynecologist. The specialist prescribes an ultrasound examination, designed to be carried out on certain days of the menstrual cycle. During the process, the doctor sees the condition of the uterus, can detect neoplasms located in the organ, and factors affecting the thickness and density of the endometrium. Study the structure of the mucous membrane.

Women who are faced with the problem of conception or infertility should definitely know these indicators. An ultrasound is prescribed on the days of ovulation. Thickness readings change daily during the monthly cycle. Experts have approximately average values ​​that can show the state of a woman’s reproductive function and what problems there are.

A special table has been developed that has such indications, from which a specialist can see how much the patient’s indicators differ from the approximate indicators of the norm. It should be noted that a deviation or pathology is considered to be a large difference between the existing and average indicators from which specialists base themselves.

Table of norms

Endometrial development phase	Day of the cycle (stage of development)	Thickness index (mm)
Bleeding	Desquamation – 1-2 days of the cycle	5-9
	Regeneration – 3-4 days	2-5
Proliferation	Early stage – 5-7 days of the cycle	3-7
	Middle stage – 8-10 days	7-10
	Late stage – 11-14 days	10-14
Secretion	Early stage – 15-18	10-16
	Middle stage – 19-23	10-18
	Late stage – 24-27	10-17

The probability depends on the size of the endometrium future pregnancy. Next, let's figure out how many millimeters its thickness should be, creating favorable conditions for fertilization.

Norms for phases of the menstrual cycle

The endometrium grows in accordance with the phases of the cycle. Ultrasound allows you to track indicators, it is prescribed in different periods menstrual cycle, because the thickness of the mucous layer differs according to the phases of the cycle. The results of the study allow the specialist to assess the internal state of the organ. Depending on the size of the endometrial layer, the specialist makes a diagnosis. There is an average that is considered normal, but in each individual case it may differ.

Bleeding phase

The beginning of a woman's cyclic period coincides with the first day of menstruation. Bleeding occurs as a result of the functional layer coming out. It can last 4-7 days. The stage is divided into 2 periods:

1. rejection;
2. regeneration.

Rejection occurs on days 1-2 of menstruation, the endometrium reaches 5-9 mm. Starts in 3-5 days regenerative process. The inner layer begins to grow, showing a minimum thickness of 3 mm.

Proliferative phase

Starts on day 5 of the cycle. Its duration is up to 14-16 days. The endometriotic layer increases. In the second phase of the cycle there are 3 periods:

1. early - from 5 to 7 days of the cycle. On the 5th day, the layer thickness is 5-7 mm, on the 6th day – 6 mm, on the 7th day – 7 mm;
2. medium - during this period the endometrium begins to actively grow and thicken. On day 8 its size is 8 mm. The end of the stage occurs on the 10th day of the cycle, size 10-12 mm;
3. final - this stage ends the period of proliferation, it lasts from 10 to 14 days of the cycle. The thickness of the functional layer increases, the height of the inner lining of the uterus reaches 10-12 mm. The process of maturation of follicles in the egg begins. The diameter of the follicle on the 10th day is 10 mm, on the 14-16th day it is approximately 21 mm.

Secretory

This period is important for the female body. It lasts from the 15th to the 30th day. It is divided into early, middle, late stages. At this time, the structure of the inner mucous layer of the uterus changes significantly.

1. Early restructuring lasts from 15 to 18 days. Gradually, slowly, the process of growth of the mucous layer occurs. Values ​​may vary, on average 12-16 mm.
2. The average period lasts from 19 to 24 days of the cycle. The standard thickness is up to 18 mm. The inner layer thickens. Normally, a woman should not exceed this indicator. On average it can be 14-16 mm.
3. The late stage begins on the 24th day of the cycle and ends on the first day of the new phase. There is a gradual decrease in the shell, the normal thickness during this period is on average up to 12 mm, it is possible that the dimensions will be lower. During this period, the mucous layer is densest.

Normal for delay

When menstruation is delayed, its cyclic period lengthens. This often provokes hormonal disbalance. Factors such as stressful situations, poor nutrition, Problems endocrine system, gynecological diseases.

During the process, delays are not produced in the body necessary hormones, size uterine epithelium remains at the level of the secretion phase. The average value is 12-14 mm. This indicator does not decrease, the process of rejection and menstruation do not occur.

Thickness before menstruation

The endometrium is in the secretion phase before menstruation. Its approximate size is 1.2 cm. Estrogen and progesterone act on the functional layer, causing rejection. During the process of rejection, the endometrial lining thins by about 3-5 mm, and one of its levels is lost.

During pregnancy

If the egg is not fertilized, the functional layer peels off during menstruation. If a woman becomes pregnant, then normal thickness the endometrial layer remains at the same level in the first days. After a few weeks, the figure rises to 20 mm. After a month of pregnancy, an ultrasound may show a small fertilized egg.

If a woman is experiencing a delay and pregnancy tests show negative result, you can find out about it by the level of increase in the mucous membrane, 2-3 weeks after the embryo attaches to the walls of the uterus.

What to do if the thickness does not match

The discrepancy in endometrial thickness is detected by the doctor during an ultrasound. It is often observed during pregnancy, the mucous membrane becomes overgrown with blood vessels. By the 2nd week of pregnancy, the layer grows to 2 or more centimeters. Any changes in thickness may have pathological character. There are two types of violations:

• – drugs with big amount estrogens. Aspirin is also prescribed in small quantities. Leeches, acupuncture, and physiotherapy have proven themselves well in the treatment of pathology. Experts note stimulation of endometrial growth when using sage;
• hyperplasia – hormonal drugs are used as drug therapy. Surgical intervention (scraping) of an excessively large mucous layer cannot be ruled out. In the most severe cases, a woman is offered hysterectomy. Combination therapy(curettage and hormonal drugs) show good results.

The mucous layer undergoes biggest changes during menstruation, female sex hormones contribute to this. If there is no hormonal imbalance, menstruation proceeds without deviations.

In menopause

Menopause becomes a reason that provokes changes in the condition of the mucous membrane, a decrease in the endometrial layer (sometimes atrophy), and the cessation of menstruation. The normal layer in menopause is 5 mm. If the indicator is exceeded, there is a risk of developing pathologies.

Endometrium when taking COCs

The use of COCs has become commonplace in life modern woman. However, few people know what happens to the body when taking contraceptives and how they prevent conception. To understand this, you need to understand how oral contraceptives work:

1. During ovulation, a mature egg moves into the fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs with seminal fluid. Contraceptives suppress the maturation process, so the egg is dormant and ovulation does not occur.
2. Reception contraception, makes the mucus in the cervix too thick, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus. Therefore, even in cases where a woman forgets to take the pill, the risk of becoming pregnant is extremely low, even if ovulation has occurred.
3. Poor peristalsis of the fallopian tubes, which is caused by contraceptives, reduces the likelihood of seminal fluid reaching the egg.
4. COCs have a direct effect on the endometrium. IN in good condition ovum enters the uterus and attaches to the endometrium. After menstruation, in the first half of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is restored. During the second half of the cycle, it actively grows, ensuring the successful attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus. However, under the influence of contraceptives, the restoration of the mucous layer is inhibited - fertilization becomes impossible, even if it has occurred, the fertilized egg has no opportunity to gain a foothold.

At what thickness is curettage performed?

The endometrium consists of 2 layers - functional, basal. It is the functional layer and the vessels underneath that a woman sees when she menstruates. If fertilization does not occur, this layer peels off and comes out during menstruation, blood appears as a result of rupture of blood vessels. With hyperplasia, an increase in the layer and its cells occurs.

When the endometrial layer reaches 26 mm, its structure changes, active cell division occurs, it is necessary to do curettage, which helps eliminate heavy bleeding, accompanying menstruation. This prevents the formation of malignant cells and hormone therapy reduces the risk of relapse.

Pathologies

Among the most common pathologies of the endometrium, experts note two – hypoplasia and hyperplasia. Both pathologies have different characteristics and treatment methods.

Hyperplasia

is a pathology during which there is a thickening of the upper (functional) layer of the uterine mucosa up to (26 mm), compaction, and a change in structure. Hyperplasia prevents and does not allow the fertilized egg to settle in the uterus, and the fetus does not have the opportunity to develop.

Pathology often provokes a disruption in menstruation, its duration and intensity of discharge are disrupted. It often provokes the development of anemia; a woman experiences bleeding during the period between menstruation of varying intensity. An enlarged endometrial layer often becomes the root cause of the appearance of polyps and other neoplasms.

Hypoplasia

The thinned endometrial membrane does not allow a woman to realize her reproductive function - to become a mother. Hypoplasia prevents the egg from attaching to the uterine wall. The egg does not receive necessary nutrition, which the system provides blood vessels, due to which the fetus dies some time after formation. Thin mucosa often becomes the cause of the development of inflammatory and infectious processes in the uterus, since it becomes less protected from the penetration of various microorganisms. Hypoplasia often causes poor development of the external genitalia and ectopic pregnancy.

The process of changing the endometrium is one of the most important in a woman’s body. He goes through all periods correctly if hormonal balance fine. When the first deviations appear or your health worsens, you should consult a doctor. Maintaining your health - important task, to which every woman should pay sufficient attention.

Uterus - female organ, whose true purpose has been forgotten. Many cruel manipulations lead to injury to the uterus, but perhaps they injure not only the organ? Maybe these scars arise in our female soul? The uterus is scraped to remove polyps, which will grow back if nothing is changed. It even comes down to removing the organ itself if you hesitate and do nothing.

In ancient times, the uterus was the main organ for a woman.

The symbol of the uterus was a fruit with a seed, most often a pear or an apple. A seed is a symbol of the birth of a new life. The womb and women's ability to bear children were admired. The womb was considered a sacred place for bearing children, a cradle of emotions and ideas for creativity. With each cycle, the uterus is renewed. The endometrium grows, ages and is rejected. Together with the endometrium, we, our ideas, emotions, feelings, are renewed.

A stable hormonal balance, when the amount of estrogen is equal to the amount of progesterone, makes the uterine lining smooth, the menstrual cycle painless, and nothing interferes with the implantation of the embryo during conception. If the thickness of the uterine lining is more than 15 mm, this makes it difficult for the embryo to attach. A increased amount estrogen receptors in muscle layer endometrium provokes the appearance of polyps.

What signs indicate a thick endometrium and the development of a polyp?

• irregular menstruation;
• heavy bleeding, when one pad/tampon lasts for 2-3 hours;
• bleeding between cycles;
• painful menstruation;
• pain during sex.

What is the cause of thickening of the endometrium?

1. With hormonal imbalance and absence of menstruation, the endometrium is not renewed, which leads to its thickening. Proliferation of the endometrium and an increase in the number of estrogen receptors are observed with the development of endometriosis, which may be accompanied by retrograde menstruation. In this case, endometrial particles with reverse blood flow enter the peritoneal cavity and not the vagina. This leads to the proliferation of endometrial cells in abdominal cavity.
2. Another common manifestation of estrogen and progesterone imbalance is polyps. This is the growth of a separate area of ​​the endometrium in the uterus or in the cervix. Polyps often appear with weight gain, when estrogen begins to be more actively produced by fat cells. We get estrogen dominance, and as a result, PCOS. Pelvic infections, pelvic congestion. During pregnancy, the inner layer of the uterus thickens naturally to support the fetus.

Here is a story from my life. In 2010, an ultrasound scan diagnosed me with enlarged endometrium in the uterus. Then, with the ultrasound doctor, we regarded this as the possibility of implantation of the fertilized egg, but a week passed, there was no implantation, the second one went and it began slight bleeding, which did not stop, but intensified. The story ended with increased bleeding, a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, and hospitalization. Another ultrasound in the hospital helped avoid curettage, which is usually prescribed in this case. For me it was a nightmare, since I was planning a pregnancy and was expecting a happy motherhood. This outcome made me think and start working on myself. I began to learn to understand my body and its desires, because I did not want a repetition of this condition. I wanted to become a mother.

What to do to prevent changes?

To do this, start working on reducing estrogen, which is the cause of the main problems described above.Curettage is a procedure for extreme case, since you remove the inner layer, but the reason will remain.

1. I began my healing by strengthening the body’s resistance to stress, since I have hormonal imbalance was provoked precisely by problems at work. To reduce stress, I used St. John's wort and preparations with it. Increased the amount of magnesium to relieve irritability and anxiety.
2. To remove excess estrogen from the body, make sure you have enough vegetables and fruits in your diet. In winter, it is better to have processed fruits and vegetables, stewed or baked. Since raw fruits and vegetables in large quantities in winter can increase the amount of mucus in the intestines and gas formation. During other periods, there may be more raw vegetables and fruits.
3. Make sure there is no soy in your diet, as it increases estrogen, with the exception of fermented soy - miso, soy sauce, temp.
4. Minimize the number of products irritating intestines- flour, sweet, dairy, coffee, alcohol.
5. Make sure you have enough protein in your diet. Chicken, turkey, fish, beans, lentils, buckwheat, quinoa, corn, brown rice.
6. IN cruciferous vegetables- broccoli and cauliflower contain indole-3-carbinol, which reduces estrogen dominance. The recommended dosage of this substance should be 100-200 mg per day. In my practice, I use such drugs as “Super Indole” and “Indofort” from Vitamax.
7. To replenish iron levels after heavy bleeding I use the drug “Green Magic”, which contains chlorella with a destroyed wall for effective absorption of iron.
8. I restore progesterone levels to reduce estrogen dominance using a cream based on wild yam.
9. Pads and tampons are processed chemical composition with parabens and phthalates to bleach cotton, which can serve as an additional source of xenoestrogens, so I switched to using a menstrual cup, which is convenient and practical. Also, a menstrual cup allows you to assess the amount and color of menstrual fluid.

We discussed how to restore the uterus if the inner layer grows. The opposite situation is possible, when the endometrial layer in the uterus is thin, which complicates the implantation of the fertilized egg and the development of pregnancy and indicates insufficient estrogen levels.

Normally, the endometrial layer in the uterus should be within 8 mm.

What is the reason for the thin layer of endometrium in the uterus? An insufficient amount estrogen leads to disruption uterine cycle, amenorrhea and reduction of the endometrium. Estrogen production decreases in women more often after 40, or with the development of early ovarian failure, or a low-fat diet.

Congestion in the pelvis reduces blood supply to the uterus, which leads to the development of immature endometrium. Also, the consequences of stagnation in the pelvis can be spasm of the arteries and disruption of blood flow in the uterus. This is facilitated by sedentary image life, incorrect position of the uterus - tilting backward (as the term sounds) or to the side.

If fibroids form in the uterus in the area of ​​the vessel feeding the endometrium, this also reduces blood supply.

Infections and inflammations in the uterus, frequent curettage, scars after removal of fibroid nodes, caesarean section can lead to the development of endometrial scar tissue.

Also, the health of the uterus is harmed by the use of drugs with anti-estrogenic properties. Basically these are means for emergency contraception- Postinor, Clomid, Tomoxifen, etc. Or the use of drugs with progestins, which causes thinning of the endometrium and uterine atrophy. The longer these drugs are used, the weaker and thinner the endometrium becomes.

What to do?

1. Restore the amount of fat in the diet, fat-soluble vitamins A and D, E.
2. Move to release stagnation and contraction reproductive organs when sitting. Walking provides blood flow to the uterus and nourishes the endometrium. The Root Lock yoga exercise helps massage the uterus, maintain muscle elasticity and increase blood flow to it.
3. Massage with castor oil improves blood circulation and lymph flow of the abdominal and pelvic organs.
4. If you have used contraceptives or anti-estrogens before planning a pregnancy, take a break of 3-6 months to allow the uterine layer to recover.
5. You can use herbs to restore the uterine layer of the endometrium. Red clover restores blood circulation, purifies the blood, has an estrogenic effect, supports liver and kidney function, which helps eliminate xenoestrogens.
6. Shatavari is an adaptogen that helps increase the body's adaptation to stress and maintain estrogen levels.
7. Royal jelly- The estrogenic effect was confirmed in a study conducted in Japan in 2007 on rats in which the uterus and uterine layer enlarged after the use of royal jelly. Royal jelly and algae, rich in iron, magnesium, and selenium, can be obtained from the “Green Magic” preparation.
8. Flax seed contains lignans, substances that increase the amount of estrogens in the body and protect us from xenoestrogens.
9. Peruvian maca root, wild yam - regulate the amount of estrogen.
10. Raspberry leaves contain carotenoids, vitamin A, C, E, iron, phosphorus, calcium, and silicon. Raspberry leaves regulate hormonal balance, support general health uterus.

To increase blood circulation in the uterus, you need to take vitamin E and L-arginine. In 2010, a study was conducted that showed that the combination of these substances increases the thickness of the endometrium. 600 mg of vitamin E increased uterine artery blood flow in 72% of women and endometrial thickness in 52% of women participating in the study. Arginine increased endometrial thickness in 67% of women, uterine blood flow in 89% of women.

- Proteolytic enzymes are also indicated for uterine health. They increase blood flow as they increase the flexibility of red blood cells, reduce platelet aggregation, and prevent abnormal blood clotting. Enzymes reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation, stimulate the formation of healthy tissue, remove stagnant blood, and enhance the elimination of toxins. If present in the uterus scar tissue, enzymes work to break down scar tissue and reduce pain, swelling and inflammation. Vitamin C (magnesium or potassium ascorbate) promotes the production of new collagen fibers and strengthens the walls of the uterus and the inner layer.

Be patient and follow the program and the recommendations of the specialist who is guiding you. results can be obtained after 3-6 months of using the program. Listen to your body, clearly monitor changes, believe in yourself, and you will definitely get results, as it happened to me.

P.S. The programs use Vitamax preparations, if you would like to receive my recommendations for use. Leave a request for a consultation on dietary supplements.

The endometrium is the lining of a woman's uterus into which the embryo is implanted, that is, it is the place where conception occurs. Many women cannot get pregnant because the mucous layer is too thin. In such a situation, it is necessary to restore the normal thickness of the endometrium. Let's figure out how to build it up in order to get pregnant.

Why doesn't the endometrium grow?

This layer of fabric performs very important function. The fertilized egg is attached there. The endometrium creates the right conditions for the development of the embryo. Once conception has occurred, the number of glands and blood vessels increases, which subsequently become part of the placenta. They provide the fetus with oxygen and useful substances. For conception to occur, the endometrium must be normal quality, thickness, structure, degree of maturity. However, it may not grow naturally due to the following reasons:

1. Congenital pathologies. With such abnormalities, the body does not produce certain hormones, in order to grow the endometrium, or their number is not enough.
2. Hormonal imbalances. With some of them, the natural growth of the endometrium does not occur on the days of the cycle. Normally, throughout the entire period, the thickness of the mucous membrane layer gradually increases and decreases.
3. Poor blood supply to the uterus. This phenomenon may be a consequence of injury, inflammation, diseases of the pelvic organs, or abortion. With the latter, the endometrium is damaged as a result of curettage. This significantly reduces a woman's chances of becoming pregnant in the future.
4. Hypoplasia of the uterus. This is what is called a discrepancy in organ size age norm. With this pathology, the layer of the mucous membrane needs to be increased.

How to enlarge the endometrium when planning pregnancy

If the mucous membrane is thinner than 7-10 mm, then the likelihood of implantation of the fertilized egg is very low. If it is not thick enough, the pregnancy may freeze or a miscarriage may occur. To protect yourself from these troubles, you need to figure out how to grow the endometrium for conception. For this purpose they use different ways: treatment with hormonal and other medicines, physiotherapeutic procedures. In some cases they help folk recipes.

Drugs to help you get pregnant

The process of growth of mucous tissue is directly related to hormones. If you want to find out how to quickly grow the endometrium, then pay attention to hormonal drugs. They will ensure the fastest onset of results. However self-administration Such medications are strictly prohibited; you must first consult a specialist. For those who do not understand how to grow the endometrium, the following drugs will help:

• medications containing estradiol;
• drugs to increase estrogen levels;
• medications with progesterone.

Proginova for endometrial growth

The drug contains estrogens and estradiol. Taking Proginov helps improve blood circulation in the uterus. The medicine is recommended for girls who have previously had miscarriages for recovery. Proginov's technique is one of the most important stages preparation for IVF, before which endometrial enlargement is necessary. The drug is allowed to be combined with other medications.

How to properly grow the endometrium with the help of Proginov in order to get pregnant? The method of administration is determined by the doctor. There are these options:

1. Cyclical. They take 1 tablet of Proginova for three weeks in a row at the same time, skip 7 days, then repeat the course.
2. Continuous. The pills are taken non-stop.

• pregnancy for more than two months;
• breastfeeding;
• taking medications with estrogen;
• vaginal bleeding;
• tumors;
• diseases of the liver, gall bladder;
• diabetes mellitus.

Divigel with low estradiol

This drug is prescribed to those who are looking for ways to improve the endometrium for conception. It contains estradiol, a synthetic analogue of estrogen. Divigel not only thickens the mucous membrane of the uterus, but also makes the organ itself, the vagina, mammary glands and the fallopian tubes. The drug is used once a day, strictly at the same time. The gel is applied to clean skin shoulders, forearms, lower abdomen, buttocks, lower back. The dose is determined by the doctor. Divigel should not be applied to inflamed areas, chest, or mucous membranes. It is used only as prescribed by a specialist.

Divigel cannot be used for:

• diabetes mellitus;
• tumors or inflammation of the genital organs and breasts;
• predisposition to the formation of blood clots;
• pituitary tumors;
• uterine bleeding;
• violations fat metabolism;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• liver and kidney diseases.

How to take Hormel when planning pregnancy

This homeopathic medicine in the form of drops, the intake of which activates the production of estrogen. The composition includes only natural ingredients and alcohol. How to grow the endometrium by taking Hormel? Dilute 10 drops of the drug in half a glass of water and drink half an hour to an hour before meals three times a day. As a rule, in addition to Hormel, other medications are prescribed with natural composition. The course of treatment ranges from one month to three.

• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding;
• liver diseases;
• brain injuries or pathologies.

Enlargement of the endometrium using folk remedies

When choosing a way to increase the thickness of the endometrium, use the following recipes:

1. After menstruation, until the middle of the cycle, take a decoction of red brush, and then hogweed. To prepare the drink, you need to pour a tablespoon of herbs into a glass of boiling water. Leave for 4 hours. Use the resulting mixtures four times a day at equal intervals. Borovaya uterus can also be infused with alcohol or used for douching.
2. Excellent helpers in building up the endometrium are fresh pineapples. You just need to eat one fruit a day. If the endometrium is thin, eating citrus fruits, red apples, and honey helps. If you eat cherries, cranberries, strawberries or grapes, as well as salmon, mackerel, tuna and anchovies, this will also have a beneficial effect on the quality of the endometrium.
3. Prepare and drink decoctions from raspberry, mistletoe, sweet clover or clover leaves. You can use linden, hops or licorice, sage, celery root, lovage, calamus or hogweed for these purposes.
4. To prepare dishes, use spices such as curry, ginger, paprika. Dill, thyme, mint and cinnamon are suitable.
5. Do gymnastics to pump up your abs, Kegel exercises, and take up dancing.

Video: how to enlarge the endometrium for conception

Endometrial hyperplasia – overgrowth layer lining the inside of the uterus. This layer undergoes constant cyclic changes associated with a woman's menstrual cycle.

The endometrium consists of blood vessels connective tissue and 2 layers of epithelium (lower basal and upper functional). It is the functional layer that is actively involved in menstruation.

How common is endometrial hyperplasia?

Endometrial hyperplasia is a fairly common pathology, occurring in 5 percent of gynecological patients. This diagnosis in last years sounds more and more often various reasons. The life expectancy of women has increased, the number of patients with metabolic syndrome and other pathologies has increased, ecological situation worsened. All this affects reproductive health population. Most often, hyperplasia occurs in teenage girls or in women during premenopause, that is, when hormonal changes occur in the body.

How is hyperplasia related to the menstrual cycle?

The normal menstrual cycle consists of 3 phases:

• increase in the thickness of the functional layer of the endometrium - proliferation
• endometrial maturation - secretion
• rejection of the functional layer leading to bleeding - desquamation

The first phase begins on the first day of menstruation. Approximately in the middle of the cycle, ovulation occurs - the process of the release of an egg from the ovary; during this period, a woman can pay attention to. If fertilization does not occur at this moment, then under the influence of hormones the functional layer along with the egg is rejected - menstruation occurs, and bloody issues. All processes during the menstrual cycle are controlled by sex hormones:

• cause proliferation
• - secretion

In addition, during proliferation, planned cell death occurs - apoptosis, which prevents the endometrium from growing larger than necessary. This only happens if the woman has ovulated, that is, when the ratio of hormones allows it to occur. If there was no ovulation (anovulatory cycle), there is a prolonged effect of estrogen on the endometrium and it thickens - as a result, endometrial hyperplasia is formed.

Why does it occur?

The triggering factor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia is an absolute or relative increase in the content of estrogen in the blood - hyperestrogenism, which occurs for various reasons:

• age-related changes in the central regulation of sex hormones - changes in the amount of estrogen before menopause
• hormonal disorders - excess estrogen with progesterone deficiency
• hormone-producing ovarian tumors, polycystic ovary syndrome
• improper use of hormonal medications
• ), diagnostic curettage
• hereditary predisposition
• inflammatory processes of the female genital organs
• concomitant diseases - hypertension, breast diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases.

What types of hyperplasia exist?

According to the type of structure, scale of distribution and the presence of abnormal cells, all hyperplastic processes of the endometrium are divided into groups:

• Glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia
• Endometrial polyps ( focal form hyperplasia)
  • Ferrous
  • Glandular-cystic
  • Glandular fibrous
  • Adenomatous
• Atypical endometrial hyperplasia (adenomatosis)

Glandular forms of hyperplasia are characterized by a large number of glands, sometimes forming cysts. The structure of cells in such a lesion is not disturbed. The symptoms of glandular endometrial hyperplasia and cystic forms are absolutely the same. With the atypical form of hyperplasia (adenomatosis and adenomatous polyp), changes occur in the structure of cells that begin to divide with high speed, as a result of which the number of glands grows very quickly.

Can hyperplasia turn into cancer?

Hyperplastic processes should always cause oncological suspicion, but only in a few cases are they malignant. There are certain conditions under which hyperplasia is considered a precancerous condition:

• atypical hyperplasia at any age. According to statistics, in 40 percent of cases without treatment, such hyperplasia becomes malignant and endometrial cancer occurs.
• frequently repeated glandular hyperplasia postmenopausal
• glandular hyperplasia with dysfunction of the hypothalamus at any age, as well as with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome - special condition organism in which the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells sharply reduced, and the tendency to hyperplasia is high. It is characterized by diabetes and obesity.

What symptoms occur with endometrial hyperplasia?

Uterine bleeding

The most noticeable and common symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is

• More than half of patients note delays in menstruation for 1-3 months, which are replaced by prolonged bleeding of varying intensity.
• IN in rare cases bleeding can be cyclical, that is, manifest itself in the form of heavy and prolonged menstruation,
• Most often, patients report an unstable menstrual cycle for a long time, which causes bleeding.
• In 5 percent of cases, bleeding occurs due to absolute absence menses.

Metabolic syndrome

An important concomitant of endometrial hyperplasia is metabolic syndrome. In such cases, the symptoms of bleeding include:

• obesity
• hyperinsulinemia
• symptom complex of male traits - the appearance of increased hair growth, changes in voice timbre and other signs of the action of male hormones

Other common symptoms

Women with hyperplasia often name other companions of the disease:

• secondary infertility - absence of pregnancy after a year of regular unprotected sexual activity
• - early miscarriages
• chronic inflammatory diseases genitals
• mastopathy and fibroids

Other, less common symptoms

• contact bleeding during sexual intercourse or hygiene procedures
• cramping (more often with polyps)

What research is needed to determine it?

• History. It is necessary to tell the doctor in detail about the features of the menstrual cycle: at what age menstruation began, how long and how long it lasts, whether there were any irregularities or delays. Anamnesis will allow the specialist to determine all the symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus.
• Transvaginal ultrasound in the first phase of the cycle (on days 5-7). The examination determines the thickness of the endometrium, its homogeneity and structure. Hyperplasia can be suspected if the thickness is more than 7 mm. If the endometrium is thicker than 20 mm, then the doctor may suspect a malignant process. If the bleeding is prolonged, then an ultrasound is performed regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle.
• Hysteroscopy and separate diagnostic curettage (cleaning) simultaneously play the role of research and treatment. Read about the condition.
• Study of hormone levels in the blood if metabolic syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome is suspected. Usually determined FSH level, LH, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone. And also possibly the level of adrenal and thyroid hormones.
• Mammography - often prescribed by a doctor X-ray examination mammary glands to exclude proliferative processes.

For endometrial hyperplasia, the informative value of ultrasound with a vaginal sensor is estimated at 68%, and hysteroscopy at 94%.

Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia

Therapy hyperplastic processes depends on the woman’s age, endometrial characteristics, concomitant diseases. For endometrial hyperplasia, treatment can be carried out in several ways.

• Hormonal agents

These include estrogen-progestin drugs, pure gestagens, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists, androgen derivatives. These drugs are prescribed only by a doctor, individually and strictly according to indications. The doctor takes everything into account possible contraindications for appointment hormonal drugs: rheumatism, thrombophlebitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the biliary tract and liver, smoking and alcohol increase the risk of developing side effects. Before therapy and during treatment, the condition should be examined and monitored immune system, vascular, endocrine glands, liver, blood tests are taken.

• “Minor” or conservative surgery

Removal of the endometrium (functional and basal layers) using a resectoscope. A controversial method, as it results in frequent relapses of the disease and is contraindicated if atypia is suspected.

• Surgery

This is the removal of the uterus with or without the ovaries. Indications for surgical intervention:

• inefficiency conservative treatment at precancerous forms hyperplasia
• recurrent cases of precancerous hyperplasia
• contraindications to hormone treatment
• atypical hyperplasia in peri and postmenopausal women

Stage I of treatment - curettage

The first stage is therapeutic and diagnostic curettage of the uterine mucosa under the control of a hysteroscope (cleaning) and examination of the resulting material in cytological laboratories.

Curettage is the removal of the functional layer of the endometrium along with the pathological formations present in it. The examination is carried out under anesthesia, visualization of the contents of the uterine cavity is carried out using a special device - a hysteroscope. This optical system, equipped with a light source, having a channel for insertion into the uterus surgical instruments. Thanks to the hysteroscope, the curettage procedure is safe and effective.

The cleaning itself is carried out using a curette, and sometimes a mechanism is used to stop bleeding. Functional layer the endometrium is completely removed, the contents of the uterine cavity are sent for histological examination, which will determine the nature of the process and tactics further treatment endometrial hyperplasia after curettage.

Stage II of treatment

Depending on the results of histological examination, drug therapy is prescribed to prevent relapses. For this purpose, hormonal drugs are used, taken in a certain dosage and according to suitable regimens.

Treatment of glandular cystic hyperplasia

• For girls during puberty and women under 35 years of age, medications containing estrogens and gestagens, for example. Preference is given to single-phase drugs with progesterone, which have a continuous effect on the endometrium, preventing its growth. Treatment lasts from three months to six months. Glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia usually does not recur with proper therapy.
• In women from 35 years of age to perimenopause (the process of stopping menstruation). The therapy uses gestagens, without the use of estrogen-containing components. Hormones are prescribed in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, from 14 to 26 days after curettage or from the beginning of menstruation. Endometrial hyperplasia is usually treated with duphaston and utrozhestan. Therapy also lasts 3-6 months.
• In postmenopausal women (after menstruation has stopped). Hyperplasia at this age - a rare event, usually associated with hormone-producing ovarian formations. For endometrial hyperplasia in menopause, treatment should be prescribed only after a thorough examination of the ovaries (ultrasound and, if necessary, laparoscopic examination). If there are no tumors, then 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate is prescribed at a dosage of 125 mg 2 times a week for six to eight months. After completion of therapy, it is necessary to perform an endometrial biopsy and examine the resulting sample in the laboratory.

Treatment of atypical hyperplasia

Women of reproductive age and perimenopause. The treatment of choice is gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists for six months. Some drugs must be taken every day (buserelin acetate), some have a prolonged effect and require taking once every 28 days.

After 6 months from the start of treatment, repeated endometrial curettage with histological examination. In addition, each month of treatment is completed ultrasound examination, which controls the thickness of the endometrium (less than 5 mm).

When atypical hyperplasia is combined with fibroids or metabolic syndrome, it is necessary surgery with a thorough check of the ovaries. The condition of the mammary glands requires constant monitoring.

Plan dispensary observation with atypical hyperplasia:

• Endometrial ultrasound once a month
• curettage with histological examination every 3 months
• Ultrasound of the ovaries every 3 months (with Doppler ultrasound)
• Breast ultrasound and mammography every 6 months
• symptom control metabolic syndrome(cholesterol and blood glucose)

Postmenopausal women are shown surgical treatment with a thorough examination of the ovaries.

Complications and prevention

Prevention of hyperplasia	Complications
avoid induced abortion Be examined by a gynecologist 2 times a year timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female genital organs reduction of risk factors - control blood pressure for hypertension, diabetes, weight loss for obesity lead healthy image life - yoga, fitness, Bodyflex, good nutrition and rest	chronic anemia due to bleeding infertility transition to cancer of an atypical form of hyperplasia most often - relapse of the disease

Frequently asked questions to a gynecologist

Is it possible to cure endometrial hyperplasia using traditional methods?

Treatment folk remedies endometrial hyperplasia has no basis scientific justification. Usually the use of such methods is simply useless, and sometimes it can be harmful. For example, if a patient is allergic to certain herbs used in traditional treatment endometrial hyperplasia. In addition, some plants contain so-called phytoestrogens, which can aggravate the process of growth of the inner layer of the uterus.

Is it possible to get pregnant if diagnosed with hyperplasia?

Pregnancy with severe diffuse endometrial hyperplasia usually does not occur or ends early miscarriage. The thing is that a fertilized egg must attach firmly to the embryo in order to develop. inner wall uterus, forming the placenta in the future. Hyperplastically altered endometrium does not create necessary conditions for such implementation. Hormonal treatment and curettage allow you to “renew” the inner layer of the uterus, making pregnancy possible. In some cases, additional treatment may be necessary to achieve pregnancy.

Is it possible to delay treatment for endometrial hyperplasia?

The hyperplastic process is not always accompanied dangerous bleeding, but often carries hidden threat. Risk of malignancy, infertility, chronic anemia requires an immediate visit to the doctor at the first symptoms. In case of endometrial hyperplasia, herbal treatment, many physical procedures and self-administration of medications without prescription from a specialist are unacceptable. Competent and timely treatment will help restore reproductive health and well-being.

Is it possible to do curettage for hyperplasia? nulliparous woman, will there be problems with pregnancy?

If hyperplasia is detected, curettage must be done; the chances of getting pregnant after such treatment will be much greater.

Is it always necessary to clean a polyp?

If the polyp is single, then they are often limited to removing this formation, without curettage.

I was prescribed buserelin for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and put me into “artificial menopause.” Is there a risk of not coming out of this menopause in the future?

No, the effect of buserelin is reversible. Only removal of the ovaries and chemotherapy can bring menopause closer.

I am 35 years old, IVF was planned, but during the examination they discovered an endometrial polyp, removal of the formation was prescribed. When can I join the IVF program?

After removal of the polyp, you can immediately enter into the ovulation stimulation protocol.

She underwent treatment for endometrial polyp due to hyperplasia. The doctor said that it was necessary to get tested for sexually transmitted infections. Is this necessary?

There is evidence that mycoplasma and chlamydial infections contribute to the recurrence of endometrial polyps. Infections need to be treated.

I am 50 years old. Curettage revealed atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Is it necessary to remove the uterus or can ablation be performed?

Endometrial ablation is the removal of the entire inner layer while preserving the uterus. The method is non-traumatic, but after it it is very difficult to assess the condition of the uterus, and a tumor can be missed. At this age and with this diagnosis, removal of the uterus is recommended.

On the 2nd day after the “cleansing”, scanty bleeding continues. Is this normal?

My diagnosis is endometrial hyperplasia, curettage is planned in 2 weeks. Is it possible to have sex now?

Yes, you can, if there is no pain or contact bleeding.

Based on the results of the ultrasound, the doctor suspected endometrial hyperplasia and suggested performing a core biopsy. What is this procedure?

The pipel test is carried out in outpatient setting to study the structure of the endometrium. Using a special instrument, a column of tissue is removed and examined for hyperplasia. If the test reveals changes, you will be recommended hysteroscopy with curettage. If the biopsy results are negative, then the ultrasound should be repeated on days 5-7 of the next cycle.

The endometrium is the thin inner lining of the uterus. This mucous membrane is also called the mucosal layer. It is one of the most important components for stabilizing the hormonal levels of the entire female body. On different stages During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium of the uterus changes its thickness. However, there are also deviations from the norm, which necessarily lead to a violation normal functioning all reproductive function women. What is endometrial growth, and what deviations exist?

The structure of the endometrium

The structure of the endometrium of the uterus is a complex, multicomponent system, which consists of:

• glandular epithelium;
• stroma;
• main substance;
• integumentary epithelium;
• expanded circulatory system.

Growth of the endometrium and its further detachment - natural process, which is necessary for the reproductive function of a woman and the normal hormonal levels of the whole body. In the endometrial layer itself there are uterine glands, which are long and slightly curved in shape.

Endometrium in an adult woman of reproductive age

An adult woman of reproductive age has a menstrual cycle that lasts 24-32 days. The first phase, under the influence of estrogen, is characterized by the proliferation of endometrial glands, the growth and development of follicles that produce estrogens, causing regeneration of the epithelium. This process is called polypheration.

The second phase under the influence of progesterone is characterized by the development corpus luteum which produces progesterone. The secretory transformations of the endometrium under the influence of a sufficient amount of hormones are changed. The spiral arteries also enlarge.

A clear sequence at all stages of compaction and growth of the epithelium contributes to the normal fertilization of the egg (pregnancy), or the natural exfoliation of the compacted endometrium of the uterus (the beginning of the menstrual cycle).

Endometrial disorders in women

Disturbance in the growth of the endometrium is a common cause of both inflammatory processes, and menstrual cycle disorders (artificial menopause often occurs; menstruation with a thickened endometrium is absent for several months). The reasons that can provoke disturbances in the growth and natural rejection of the endometrium can be: viral diseases, and hormonal imbalance in the body. The consequences of endometrial dysfunction are infertility, changes in weight, depression, absence of menstruation or scanty menstruation.

Endometrium in pregnant women

If fertilization of the egg occurs, the hormonal growth of the endometrium is altered. Pregnancy and the endometrium are always closely related. Attachment of a fertilized egg is possible to the mature (compacted) walls of the uterus. Before fertilization, the secretory phase predominates in the endometrium of a woman’s uterus. Biologically active substances filled with stromal cells (lipids, salts, glycogen, enzymes). Hemodynamic changes are observed during the implantation period (two days), the fertilized egg attaches to the walls of the uterine body. Accordingly, the number of blood vessels in the place where the egg is attached increases and expands in volume. This is necessary for further education placenta (baby place).

What to do if the endometrium does not grow?

In cases where there is insufficient secretion of hormones (progesterone), the endometrium does not grow and becomes thin. When the thickness of the endometrium is less than 7 mm, the cycle is disrupted and the attachment of a fertilized egg is impossible.

It is necessary to increase the thickness of the endometrium. There are several methods for increasing the endometrium:

• hormone therapy;
• non-traditional herbal treatment;
• special food.

However, it is worth noting that if there are not enough hormones, then it is quite natural to treat such a defect with hormonal therapy.

Before the beginning drug treatment It is worth doing all the necessary screening diagnostics to determine the thickness of the epithelium, the degree of its depletion and the stage of regeneration at which the uterus is located.

Drugs for growing the endometrium (hormone replacement therapy)

Taking any of these medications on your own without medical supervision can be harmful to your health. Most effective drugs for increasing the uterine epithelium:

• "Proginova";
• "Duphaston";
• "Divigel";
• "Gormel".

Folk remedies for growing the endometrium

1. Pineapples help in increasing the required thickness of the endometrium. You need to eat fresh pineapples daily in any quantity.
2. Curry, ginger, paprika, thyme, dill promote rapid compaction and proper growth of the uterine epithelium.
3. Decoctions of raspberries, clover, and mistletoe help well. Take an infusion of any specified drug as a tea.
4. Medicinal herbs boron uterus and red brush - effective means plant origin for growing the endometrium. During use, it is important to adhere to the recipe. Arbitrary use will only make the situation worse. It is better to use ready-made tinctures with alcohol, take on an empty stomach in a 1:1 ratio with honey.
5. Exercises aimed at working the pelvic and abdominal muscles. Carry out periodically light gymnastics, Attend contrasting soul, pumping up the press.
6. Proper nutrition is one of the most important features success of treatment at home. Need to pay attention fresh juices, consume a large number of fruits, vegetables. Eliminate fried and fatty foods, as well as pork, from your diet.

Comment on the article "What is the endometrium"

Endometrial thickness. Conception. Pregnancy planning. And the endometrium is normally about 10 mm. So everything is ok. Just check your progesterone again. exactly him low performance often...

Discussion

Thank you, I've calmed down a little. Support has been issued, I'm waiting for the next one. Ultrasound so that you can (hopefully) hear a heartbeat.

11/10/2014 08:27:52, bast55

Ask for progesterone support, but with this hCG everything seems to be developing normally.

08.11.2014 17:48:33, From YUKgirl

In the first phase, the endometrium is normal, but in the second it does not grow. The attending physician assures me that I have a lack of estrogens, she prescribed Remens (I took 4 cycles), the result was 0...

Thin endometrium. Conception. Pregnancy planning. In different cycles there were different thicknesses; the onset of pregnancy, by the way, did not depend on the “lushness” of the endometrium and the doctor...

Discussion

In my opinion, your doctor prescribed everything to you correctly. If you have such a delay, then this indicates that there is a hormonal imbalance, which is the reason thin endometrium. The reason is most likely this, and not damage to the endometrium after curettage, it was, as you write, 10 mm, which is the norm.
There is no cycle to cycle, thickness may vary. Moreover, you can quickly and easily check by monitoring the condition using ultrasound during the treatment process. There is no need to be afraid of OK, especially when they are prescribed by a competent doctor for treatment. :)

How much is thin?
I didn’t read what the girls below wrote, but I myself suffer from this problem and am a bit of an expert in it. Firstly, you need to find the reason. It could be:
-hormonal deficiency;
- endometritis (inflammation)
- consequences of purges/abortions.
What do you have?

M-Echo, endometrial thickness. Girls, something like this could happen: I do folliculometry, at 9 DC the endometrium is 9 mm, there is DF, at 12 DC there is already free fluid, the cervix is ​​slightly open...

Discussion

Doctors are not clairvoyant, they say that monsters must come according to the thickness of the endometrium, i.e. if it has reached a certain thickness, then your body is ready for menstruation; if it has not reached it, then most likely they will not come. Your endometrium acc. day of your cycle, but pregnancy should not be ruled out; it may not be visible until the delay.

06/09/2007 12:17:51, I'm crazy...

Why? It could easily be pregnancy. The ultrasound specialist meant that the thickness of the endometrium corresponds to the end of the cycle, well, this does not interfere with the presence of pregnancy: quite the opposite:)

endometrium up to 5mm. Medical issues. Pregnancy planning. Thin (less than 0.9 cm) endometrium in the second phase in the presence of a corpus luteum may be a sign...