Why is there bleeding from the intimate area? How is the cause of bleeding from the penis determined? Common Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in Children

Blood from the penis, not caused by external damage to the genital organs, is often a signal of the presence of various diseases. They can be of different nature. These could be tumors, various types of inflammation, infections transmitted during sexual intercourse, etc. Regardless of the reasons why blood began to flow from the penis, this can put a man into a state of panic, especially if he has never bled from there before. You need to be prepared for the appearance of such symptoms, so that if you suddenly start bleeding from your penis, you do not start to panic, but soberly assess the situation and immediately contact the appropriate doctor.

What diseases can cause bleeding from the penis?

If blood comes from your genital organ, you need to think about why this happened in the first place. Blood can flow due to the presence of tumors, inflammation and after various types of injuries. If blood comes from the penis, this clearly indicates that some kind of blood vessel is involved in the process. Regardless of the reasons why the blood started bleeding specifically in your situation, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. He will carry out the necessary diagnostic measures, determine exactly why the bleeding is occurring, and prescribe appropriate treatment.

The appearance of blood from the penis is typical for:

Only a doctor can determine why there is bleeding from the genital organ. Therefore, it is highly not recommended to engage in treatment without a doctor’s prescription. This can only make the problem worse. There are a lot of diseases, and each of them is very serious. Along with blood from the penis, other uncharacteristic discharge may appear, pain often begins, and the patient may rapidly lose weight. Sometimes there are disturbances in urination, increased temperature and various changes in the composition of urine, for example, protein and leukocytes may appear in it.

If blood appears in semen

The appearance of blood in semen is usually observed with false hemospermia. In the presence of such a deviation, the blood, as a rule, is brightly colored and flows separately from the ejaculate. The main reason for the appearance of such an unpleasant condition is various diseases of the urethra and vas deferens.

Most often, bleeding occurs with the following diseases:

neoplasms in the urethra;
urethritis;
injuries;
colliculitis;
damage to the frenulum and other parts of the penis;
vesiculitis.

If blood flows from the penis during ejaculation, this, first of all, causes anxiety in the man and, in addition, can cause unpleasant impressions and refusal of sexual intercourse on the part of the woman. If blood inclusions appear in the semen, you must immediately consult a doctor so that he can figure out why the blood is bleeding and help get rid of it.

The most common diseases that cause bleeding

According to statistics, one of the most common diseases in which blood comes from the penis is urethrorrhagia. This condition is observed in various pathologies of the urinary canal, the presence of tumors, chronic urethritis, and urethral injuries. Urethrorrhagia is characterized by the presence of blood discharge of varying intensity. In some patients, blood may be released in drops; in others, profuse bleeding may begin. The severity of the pathological phenomenon as such has no connection with the intensity of bleeding.

Another common disease characterized by bleeding from the penis is hematuria. If this abnormality is present, blood appears in the urine and indicates various types of damage to the urinary tract, kidneys, and bladder. In the case of such a disease, treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease that is causing the bleeding. However, haste in such situations is inappropriate, because... The color of urine can change, for example, under the influence of various medications and foods with dyes, so it is important to establish that it is in fact blood.

Also, spotting during urination and in other situations may appear when a blood vessel is involved in the pathological process or when the renal glomerular apparatus is damaged.

When blood comes from the genital organ, this may indicate the presence of bleeding directly in the kidney, in its pelvis, ureter or bladder. The list of the most common diseases and abnormalities characterized by the appearance of blood was given above. However, this list is far from complete, so if blood appears, you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the exact cause and prescribe appropriate treatment for a particular patient.

If spotting is accompanied by weight loss, pain, fever and difficulty urinating, this usually indicates the presence of inflammatory processes.

How is the cause of bleeding from the penis determined?

To accurately determine the cause that led to the discharge of blood from the penis, various instrumental and laboratory studies are performed, namely:

general blood test and general urinalysis - allow you to determine the presence of inflammatory processes;
a special blood test and a special urine test - allow you to determine the presence of oncological pathologies;
three-glass test - allows you to determine the intensity of bleeding;
radiological research methods, including x-rays and ultrasound;
urethroscopy - allows you to examine and evaluate the condition of the urethra;
biopsy of excretory organs;
bladder examination.

Other methods may be added to the number of diagnostic measures.

Features of treatment in the presence of bleeding

First of all, treatment in such situations is directed towards the treatment of established diseases. According to statistics, one of the most common diseases characterized by bleeding from the penis is urethritis. It can be nonspecific and specific. The specific form of the disease is associated with various types of sexually transmitted infections. Nonspecific urethritis appears in the presence of opportunistic microflora, including various fungi, streptococci, Escherichia coli, etc. Among the causative factors that provoke the development of this disease are promiscuous sex life, constant hypothermia, excessive physical activity, various injuries, inflammation and poor nutrition.

It is impossible to take any measures to solve this problem without a doctor’s prescription. This can only aggravate the situation and will not contribute to treatment in any way.

If blood begins to bleed from the penis, you should immediately consult a urologist, telling him under what specific circumstances this happened. For example, blood may be released during sexual intercourse or urination. There are many reasons. However, there is no need to panic ahead of time either. Urine, for example, can change color due to food or medications, which you should also tell your doctor about taking. Do not delay treatment, because the sooner you start it, the faster you will get rid of the existing problem. Good luck and stay healthy!

The appearance of blood from the vagina outside of menstruation is not considered normal and can greatly frighten a woman. At home, it is impossible to determine the cause of this pathology and you cannot do without a doctor’s examination. Bleeding from the vagina occurs for natural reasons, for example, during menstruation; in all other cases, it can mean various threats to women’s health.

Many factors influence the state of women's health, and each woman depends on different problems of the reproductive system.

During sexual intercourse

Very often, the cause of bleeding is damage to the walls of the vagina or cervix during intense sexual contact. If blood appears suddenly and in large quantities, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. Rupture of the walls due to deep penetration of the penis, erosion, and sometimes an infectious process provoke the release of blood during sexual intercourse.

A sexual partner can infect a woman, and gynecological diseases can cause and after him.

Inflammatory process

Cervicitis, or inflammation of the cervix, as well as inflammation of the vagina, most often leads to bleeding during sexual relations and between menstruation. An infection that enters a woman's reproductive system during sexual intercourse or poor personal hygiene can cause cervical disease. To prevent the process from becoming chronic, you need to visit a gynecologist on time, and if there is heavy bleeding, call for medical help.

Defloration process

Rupture of the hymen is usually accompanied by the release of blood, which should not be a lot. This process is often painful, but the pain goes away over time, as does the bleeding. Some girls do not bleed because the hymen is too thin. Vaginal bleeding should not reoccur during sex. If this situation occurs again, you should consult a doctor.

Dysfunctional bleeding

Increased secretion of estrogen affects the uterus, the menstrual cycle is disrupted, and the epithelium grows, which then leaves the uterus in the form of unexpected bleeding. Such changes mean a malfunction of the ovaries. Sometimes anemia can develop with periodic discharge of large amounts of blood from the uterus, because dysfunctional bleeding differs in duration and intensity.

Menstrual cycle

The natural cause of vaginal bleeding will be monthly menstrual flow. One of the few situations where you don't need to worry is your period. You should only seek medical help if they are too painful.

Then it is worth conducting an examination to find out the cause of the pain. Normally, a woman should not secrete more than 100 ml of blood during the menstrual period. The first days are characterized by less vaginal bleeding than the last.

The influence of contraceptives

Many girls and women protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy using an intrauterine device or pills. Sometimes the causes of vaginal bleeding lie in the incorrect use of contraceptive methods or abrupt withdrawal of pills.

There is no cause for concern if vaginal bleeding is minor and appears within six months after insertion of the IUD. In case of heavy discharge, it is better to consult a doctor, but if a woman has a brown spot that decreases each time, then the situation is only related to the presence of a spiral in the uterus.

When, medications are prescribed to relieve the inflammatory process so that the foreign object takes root in the female body. Also, such women require constant supervision by a gynecologist.

Cancellation of oral contraceptives

Despite the convenience and reliability of the method, it has its drawbacks. If a woman misses a pill, bleeding is likely. Side effects of the drug include vaginal bleeding. If only a small spot appears from the vagina and it has a blood-colored color, there is no need to worry.

Sometimes a woman will simply need to choose another drug with a lower dose of the active substance. In case of heavy discharge, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Cancellation of oral contraceptives also leads to spotting, since due to a sharp decrease in the amount of hormones, blood may bleed.

Puberty and other reasons

During age-related changes, teenage girls often experience bleeding from the vagina. The main reason for this situation is the immaturity of the reproductive system. The amount of discharge is slightly greater than during normal periods. The reason why there is bleeding from the vagina at this age is juvenile bleeding within two years after menarche.

Reproductive age

In women with disrupted hormone levels, the regular menstrual cycle is disrupted and spotting appears between periods. Malignant tumors, as well as ovarian cysts, also lead to the appearance of blood. Taking medications and disruptions in the circulatory system have an impact on women's health.

Menopause

When a woman enters the end of menstrual flow after 45 years, periods become irregular, and vaginal bleeding is accompanied by poor health. All these symptoms are characteristic of menopause due to hormonal changes, so a slight spot is not a pathology. If the discharge has an unpleasant odor, is abundant and does not stop for a long time, you should make an appointment with a doctor.

Pregnancy and bleeding

During pregnancy, the woman should not have any bleeding. Their presence threatens miscarriage and termination of pregnancy. Even a small amount of blood will be a signal for an urgent visit to the gynecologist, because a woman may have placental abruption and the baby cannot be saved.

If the placenta leaves prematurely, it is very difficult to preserve the baby and the health of his mother. Seeing a doctor earlier at the first symptoms in the form of spotting will save both lives.

An ectopic pregnancy is life-threatening not only for the child, but also for the mother. The development of the fetus outside the uterus leads to rupture of the walls of the tubes due to an increase in fetal weight. It is possible to stop the bleeding through surgery.

Gynecological diseases

If, perhaps, the woman has serious gynecological diseases. When the discharge does not stop for more than a week, it means that an infection has entered the genitals. Among the most common diseases are:

endometriosis;
uterine fibroids;
adenomyosis;
polyps;
endometrial hyperplasia;
polycystic ovaries.

With endometriosis, in 80% of patients, the first symptom of the disease is bleeding. Blood clots can come out of the vagina, so you need to stop the development of the disease so that the process does not become chronic.

Adenomyosis causes disruption of cell formation, the endometrium grows, which causes bleeding. Sometimes dense nodules or granulomas appear in the vagina due to the presence of inflammation in the body, after removal of which the vagina bleeds.

Hormonal imbalance

Hormonal changes can occur at any time due to occasional severe stress, exacerbation of chronic processes and inflammation in the body. If the endocrine system is disrupted, small amounts of blood may bleed. Diseases such as hyperthyroidism often cause pathological disorders.

If the production of female hormones is disrupted, pathological bleeding appears. Discharges vary in volume and character, but they are caused by disruption of the endocrine glands.

High levels of prolactin, which is responsible for normal lactation, lead to bleeding immediately after childbirth, which is considered a natural process and goes away after 3-4 weeks.

How to stop bleeding

First of all, the doctor will definitely examine the woman with bloody discharge and begin to stop it as soon as possible. Treatment depends on many factors, the woman’s age, and can be medicinal or surgical. Hormonal pills are prescribed to balance hormones, antibiotics to remove infection in the body. If there is heavy discharge, iron supplements are used to prevent anemia.

Only the doctor knows how to stop the bleeding. Folk remedies cannot be used independently in such cases, but only under the supervision of a doctor. For traditional medicine recipes, mint, orange peel, nettle, and yarrow are used. The effect will be positive if you use herbal decoctions simultaneously with proper drug treatment and a decrease in physical activity.

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Bleeding can be caused by various gynecological diseases, pathologies of pregnancy, childbirth and the early postpartum period. Much less often, bleeding from a woman’s genital tract is associated with injury or diseases of the blood system and other systems.

In gynecological patients, bleeding may be associated with various functional and organic diseases of the genital organs.

There are cyclic and acyclic bleeding

The first (menorrhagia) is characterized by cyclically occurring bleeding from the genital tract, longer (over 5-6 days) and more abundant (blood loss more than 50-100 ml) in contrast to normal menstruation. Acyclic bleeding occurs between menstruation (metrorrhagia). In case of severe disorders, it is impossible to detect the cyclicity of bleeding, so patients lose their understanding of the menstrual cycle and inform the doctor about bleeding that occurs at the most uncertain times. Such bleeding is also called metrorrhagia.

Bleeding type menorrhagia

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Bleeding due to endometritis, uterine fibroids, endometriosis

Bleeding such as menorrhagia occurs with endometritis, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. With these diseases, the contractility of the uterus changes, which causes increased and prolonged menstrual bleeding. Menorrhagia occurs much less frequently in cases of uterine cancer. Sometimes cyclic bleeding can be a symptom of diseases of other systems (Werlhof's disease, cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, thyroid disease, etc.).

Symptoms

Prolongation of the period of uterine bleeding and increase in the amount of blood lost. As a result of relapses of such bleeding, posthemorrhagic anemia may develop. Along with menorrhagia, other symptoms inherent to a particular disease are also noted.

Diagnosis of acute endometritis

In acute endometritis, the patient may have a fever and pain in the lower abdomen. During vaginal examination, in the case of an acute inflammatory process, a slightly enlarged and painful uterus is found; Often the infection simultaneously affects the uterine appendages (salpinoophoritis). Chronic endometritis occurs without a temperature reaction and is rarely accompanied by pain. In chronic endometritis, the uterus is slightly enlarged or normal in size, dense, painless or slightly sensitive to palpation. The characteristic features of the disease are the connection with the complicated course of the post-abortion (more often) or postpartum (less often) period.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids

With multiple uterine fibroids, patients, in addition to menorrhagia, may complain of pain (with node necrosis) or dysfunction of the bladder or rectum if the growth of nodes is directed towards these organs. Submucosal (submucous) uterine mimoma is accompanied not only by cyclic, but also acyclic bleeding. During vaginal examination, an increase in the size of the uterus is found, which has an uneven tuberous surface, dense consistency, painless on palpation. With submucous fibroids, the size of the uterus may be normal.

Diagnosis of Endometriosis of the uterine body

Endometriosis of the uterine body is accompanied not only by the phenomena of menorrhagia, but also by severe painful menstruation (algomenorrhea). Algodismenorrhea is progressive. Vaginal examination reveals an enlarged uterus. Endometriosis of the cervix leads to menorrhagia, but is not accompanied by pain, unlike endometriosis of the uterine body. For endometriosis of the uterine body, an increase in its size is typical (up to 8-10 weeks of pregnancy), while, unlike fibroids, the surface of the uterus is smooth and not lumpy. Relatively often, uterine endometriosis is combined with ovarian and retrocervical endometriosis.

Bleeding type metrorrhagia

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Bleedings such as metrorrhagia are most often of a dysfunctional nature, less often they are associated with organic lesions of the uterus (body cancer, cervical cancer) or ovaries (extrogen-producing tumors).

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is not associated with extragenital diseases or organic processes in the genital organs, but is caused by disorders of the menstrual cycle regulation system: hypothalamus - pituitary gland - ovaries - uterus. Most often, functional disorders occur in the central links of cycle regulation (hypothalamus and pituitary gland). DMK - polyethylological fertilization. The pathogenesis of DUB is based on stressful moments, intoxication (often tonsillogenic in nature), disruption of endocrine function, etc. In most cases, DUB are anovular, i.e. occur in the absence of ovulation in the ovaries, atresia and persistence of the follicle. In atresia, follicles develop within a short time and do not undergo ovulation. As a result, there is no corpus luteum, which produces progesterone, under the influence of which secretory transformations of the endometrium occur and menstruation occurs. Follicular atresia is accompanied by low estrogen production. In contrast, persistence is characterized by prolonged development of the follicle with the formation of significant amounts of estrogenic hormones. With persistence, ovulation and development of the corpus luteum also do not occur. In the endometrium, which has pathologically grown under the influence of estrogens, vascular disorders occur, leading to necrotic changes in the mucous membrane; the overgrown endometrium begins to tear away from the walls of the uterus, which is accompanied by prolonged and often heavy bleeding. Before bleeding occurs, there is a delay in menstruation for 2 weeks or more.

DUBs occur at different age periods of a woman’s life: during the formation of menstrual function (juvenile bleeding), during the childbearing period and in the premenopausal period (menopausal bleeding).

Symptoms of DMC

The occurrence of bleeding is usually preceded by temporary amenorrhea lasting from several weeks to 1-3 months. Against the background of delayed menstruation, bleeding appears. It can be abundant or scanty, relatively short (10-14 days) or very long (1-2 months). Absence of pain during bleeding is typical for DUB. Prolonged bleeding, especially recurrent bleeding, leads to the development of secondary anemia. Anemia occurs especially often during juvenile bleeding in girls with infantilism features.

Diagnosis of DMC

The diagnosis is based on medical history (indications of stressful situations, intoxication, inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, etc.), the presence of characteristic delays in menstruation with the subsequent occurrence of prolonged bleeding. A vaginal examination reveals a slight enlargement of the uterus (this sign is absent in juveniles) and a cystic change in one or two ovaries.

Differential diagnosis of DUB largely depends on the age of the patient. In juveniles, DUB must be differentiated from blood diseases (Werlhof's disease) and estrogen-producing ovarian tumors (granulosa cell tumor). In childbearing age, DUB should be distinguished from bleeding due to incipient or incomplete spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy (see), hydatidiform mole, chorionepithelioma, submucous uterine fibroids, cancer of the cervix and uterine body. In premenopausal age, DUB must be differentiated from cancer of the cervix and uterine body, uterine myoma, and estrogen-producing ovarian tumor (granulosa cell tumor, thecoma).

Diagnosis of Werlhof's disease

The diagnosis of Werlhof's disease is made based on a blood test for platelets (thrombocytopenia). A hormonally active ovarian tumor is determined by vaginal examination, as well as by using endoscopic (laparoscopy; culdoscopy) and ultrasound methods. In case of spontaneous abortion, an enlarged and softened uterus, a slightly open cervix and other signs of pregnancy are found. Ectopic pregnancy is characterized by severe pain, internal bleeding, unilateral enlargement of the uterine appendages, their sharp pain and other symptoms. Uterine fibroids are diagnosed based on their enlargement, the presence of a characteristic bumpy surface, and dense consistency. To diagnose submucosal mima, additional research methods (hysteroscopy, hysterography, ultrasound) are used in a hospital setting. Cervical cancer is detected when examining the patient using a speculum. Endometrial cancer is diagnosed mainly based on uterine curettage data. Hydatidiform mole and chorionepithelioma are rare, so the differential diagnosis of DUB with these diseases is not of great practical importance.

Urgent Care

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In case of menorrhagia due to extragenital disease, endometritis, uterine fibroids and endometriosis, uterine contracting agents are administered.

For minor bleeding, they are limited to administering drugs orally; for more severe bleeding, drugs are administered parenterally.

Oxytocin is administered intramuscularly, 1 ml (5 units) 1 - 2 times a day.

Methylergometrine is also administered intramuscularly (1 ml of 0.02% solution).

When oxytocin is administered, the uterus relaxes again after a rapid contraction, which leads to renewed bleeding. When methylergometrine is administered, uterine contractions are longer in nature, which is more reliable from the point of view of hemostasis. Methylergometrine can be administered some time after the administration of oxytocin. In case of bleeding caused by uterine fibroids, the administration of substances that cause strong contractions of the uterine muscles should be done with great caution due to the risk of ischemia and necrosis of the tumor node.

For relatively minor menorrhagia, uterine contracting agents are given orally: ergotal 1 mg 2-3 times a day, ergometrine maleate 0.2 g 2-3 times a day. For more severe menorrhagia, these drugs are administered parenterally.

Along with ergot group drugs, vikasol (1-2 ml of a 1% solution intramuscularly), calcium gluconate (10 ml of a 10% solution intramuscularly), and aminocaproic acid (50-100 ml of a 5% solution intravenously) are administered.

For minor bleeding, this drug is given orally (at the rate of 0.1 g per 1 kg of body weight), having previously dissolved the powder in sweet water. Usually, with the help of such measures it is possible to weaken, but not stop the bleeding completely.

Along with drug therapy, cold is applied to the lower abdomen (ice pack for 20-30 minutes intermittently).

With DUB, the symptomatic therapy described above usually either does not give a significant positive result or causes a temporary hemostatic effect. Therefore, immediately after hospitalization or if there is a forced delay in hospitalization, along with the introduction of uterine contractions and drugs that increase blood clotting, it is necessary to begin the use of hormonal hemostasis. In patients with juvenile uterine bleeding, stopping bleeding begins immediately with hormonal hemostasis. During childbearing years, this method of treatment is usually resorted to only after they are convinced of the absence of precancer or endometrial cancer (the need for preliminary diagnostic curettage!). During the premenopausal period, stopping DUB in all cases begins with a separate diagnostic (body and cervical canal) curettage of the uterine mucosa. If such an intervention was undertaken relatively recently, then if endometrial cancer is excluded, it is possible to begin, as an emergency measure, to stop the bleeding with the help of hormonal drugs.

Estrogens for hemostasis are prescribed in large doses: 0.1% solution of estradiol dipropionate 1 ml intramuscularly every 2-3 and or ethinyl estradiol (microfollin) 0.05 mg every 2-3 (tie more than 5 tablets per day). Hemostasis usually occurs within the first 2 days. Then the dose of estrogen is gradually reduced and administered for another 10-15 days.

Combined estrogen-progestogen drugs (bisecurin, nonovlon) are prescribed for the purpose of hemostasis, 4-5 tablets per day at intervals of 2-3 hours. Usually bleeding stops after 24-48 hours from the start of treatment. Then the number of tablets is gradually reduced (one per day) until only one tablet is prescribed per day. The general course of therapy is 21 days. Hemostasis using pure gestagens (norkolut, progesterone) is used less frequently due to the risk of increased bleeding in the first days of treatment, which is dangerous in anemic patients.

With profuse bleeding due to advanced cervical cancer, sometimes in emergency care it is necessary to resort to tight vaginal tamponade.

Hospitalization. Regardless of the cause of uterine bleeding, if there is heavy bleeding, the patient must be urgently hospitalized in the gynecological department. In case of profuse bleeding, transportation is carried out on a stretcher, in case of large blood loss - with the head end lowered.

Natural and testify to the normally occurring physiological processes of the female body, then blood from the vagina can be a very dangerous signal. This may warn of mechanical damage to the vagina and genital organs, or problems with women's health, infectious processes, etc.).

In any case, if any unusual fluids from the genitals appear, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist as soon as possible in order to exclude dangerous diseases of the genital area, serious hormonal disruptions and other health disorders. Even if the blood from the vagina is caused by natural causes and does not indicate a disease, then it is not safe for a woman, as it can lead to a drop in hemoglobin, leading to iron deficiency anemia, weakness and a decrease in human vitality.

If you are bleeding from your vagina , this phenomenon may be physiological grounds (menstruation, ovulation, etc.). And most often, a woman understands from the first drop that this discharge is normal (by color, smell, consistency and how she feels).

If the critical days are still more than a week away, then most likely it is not earlier than menstruation. And the nature of menstrual fluid is different from bleeding. A normal menstrual cycle is 21-35 days, blood loss is 3-7 days, the volume of fluid released is 40-90 ml.

If there is a deviation from the norm, then there is a need to find out the root cause of this failure. These can be emotional influences (stress, severe anxiety, etc.), exposure to external factors (hypothermia, taking hormonal medications, etc.), diseases (infections, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases). During menstruation, vaginal discharge should be relatively homogeneous, bloody, with mucus. The loss of pieces of “tissue”, blood clots, scanty or copious discharge is a signal of a health problem.

Among the natural reasons for the appearance of blood from the genitals may be ovulation. Even if the release of an egg has never been accompanied by such symptoms, this is possible and not critical.

Although in rare cases, vaginal bleeding is caused by minor hormonal imbalances, normal uterine function, or other natural causes, and may soon resolve without intervention, there are many more life-threatening causes. Therefore, it is not worth risking such an alarming symptom.

Possible causes of vaginal bleeding that require an immediate visit to the hospital:

various uterine bleeding:

v hormonal dysfunction (bleeding during menstruation, typical for women over 35 years old);

v bleeding associated with pregnancy (ectopic pregnancy, problems with the normal course of pregnancy, labor and postpartum bleeding);

v teenage or juvenile bleeding;

mechanical damage to the walls of the vagina, labia or cervix (during sexual intercourse or other processes).

With underlying causes such as ectopic pregnancy, minutes count. Otherwise, the patient may die from pain or blood loss, since a ruptured tube is accompanied by unbearable pain, and all uterine bleeding is very profuse and difficult to stop.

And if blood from the vagina is caused by erosion or cancer, every minute of delay can cost your life. And the sooner oncology is diagnosed and treatment is started, the higher the chance of saving a life and even completely preserving reproductive function.

Remember, you cannot stop uterine bleeding on your own, and death with heavy bleeding can occur within an hour or two.

Man Woman Arms Belly Back Skin Legs Chest Pelvic area Neck Head Miscellaneous Pain in the rectum and anus Pain in the groin Testicles hurt Pain in the penis Painful menstruation Painful to urinate Tumor in the groin Tumor in the testicle Blood in the urine Blood in the stool Bleeding from the vagina

Bleeding from the vagina

In healthy women aged 13 to 50 years (or so), bleeding is not something to worry about. You expect it - regularly, every month. If you don't menstruate, it's not normal.

But vaginal bleeding, which are either too strong, too small, or at the wrong timing can pose a problem. The different options depend on your age (especially if you are before or after menopause), whether you are taking birth control pills, whether you are physically active, and your health.

If you have abnormal bleeding from the vagina, it may be related to something else in the reproductive system and is the result of infection, hormonal changes and sometimes cancer. The risk of malignant growth increases with age. The likelihood of infection largely depends on your sex life. Hormone levels fluctuate in response to signals from the brain, ovaries, thyroid and adrenal glands. But make sure that the blood you see is actually from the vagina and not in the urine or stool.

Where can blood come from in the vagina?

Let's start with an overview of the different places in the female reproductive system where vaginal bleeding.

The labia at the entrance to the vagina can be damaged, most often during violent sexual intercourse. Sometimes, however, upon careful examination you will see a small polyp there, or a small ulcer, or a wart, or even varicose veins - any of these can bleed.

When the hymen is torn, expect too; moderate bleeding.

The vagina itself can become inflamed, infected, or undergo cancerous growth, all of which will cause bleeding.

Foreign objects inserted into the vagina, usually during masturbation, can cause bleeding. (The amazing variety of such items indicates imagination rather than caution.)

After menopause, when the level of estrogen hormones drops sharply, the vaginal walls become dry, less lubricated during intercourse, and this causes pain and bleeding.

Moving up the vagina, we reach the cervix, the entrance to the uterus. It may bleed due to infection (which is quite common in this area), if it is injured by deep intercourse or after the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device.

Polyps and malignant tumors the cervix will also cause bleeding. (Women should have regular pap smears to detect such tumors in their earliest stages, when they are treatable).

Bleeding from the uterus often occur with pathological pregnancy, cancer, polyps or fibroids, and abortion (spontaneous or induced). Foreign objects can also make their way here from the vagina. Fluctuating hormone levels, birth control pills, stopping or starting estrogen replacement can all cause uterine bleeding.

In women before menopause, the ovaries release an egg every month, which then travels into the fallopian tubes, where it meets sperm. The fertilized egg then travels down to the uterus where it implants. If it remains in the tube without entering the uterus, the result is an ectopic pregnancy. The egg has no future at this location and eventually causes the fallopian tube to rupture, accompanied by severe pain and bleeding. This is quite serious. More often, bleeding occurs when the fallopian tubes become infected and inflamed due to a sexually transmitted disease.

Malignant growth, infections or ovarian cysts can cause vaginal bleeding. They are also caused by decreased function of the thyroid gland, or a poorly functioning pituitary gland, or other disorders of the endocrine glands.

Trying to understand why you are abnormal vaginal bleeding, always remember that non-gynecological factors may play a role here - blood thinners, medications, clotting disorders: all will leave you vulnerable to abnormal bleeding not only from the vagina, but from any organ in the body.

Vaginal bleeding in menopausal women has many causes. Let's assume that you have either just entered menopause or have been in this state for a long time. You've almost forgotten what menstruation is when you suddenly see blood leaking from your vagina, or find it on your underwear. What could it be? Statistically, there is good evidence that the blood is the result of cervical or uterine cancer. Indeed, most cases of uterine cancer occur in menopausal women. The likelihood of such a tumor is greater when you bleed lightly rather than heavily and when you have never given birth. The tumor could, of course, be a benign polyp, but without a biopsy you won't be able to tell for sure.

Here's another scenario.

You recently turned 50 years old, and your periods have become so irregular that you are unable to accurately predict them. Moreover, you have started to experience hot flashes, cold sweats and painless vaginal bleeding. It is very likely that you have simply entered the end of your period. The bleeding will stop within the next few months. But, if there is a high statistical probability of cancer, you should double check everything with your gynecologist.

If along with the bleeding you feel pain in your lower abdomen, cancer is possible, but fibromas are almost as likely. These large, benign tumors in the wall of the uterus are a very common cause of bleeding in women before menopause and are one of the main reasons for uterine amputation.

In pre-menopausal women, vaginal bleeding may simply reflect a variation of the normal 28-day menstrual cycle. This cycle can shorten to 24 or 25 days and lengthen to 30 or even 32 days. The bleeding period itself usually lasts from 3 to 7 days, and most women use four or five sanitary wipes per day. If a tampon is sufficient for your bleeding, it is probably normal in amount.

What does abnormal vaginal bleeding mean then?

Excessive bleeding during periods, even if they occur regularly every 28 days. Common causes are fibroids (more common in menopausal women, but by no means limited to this age) or an underactive thyroid (women with an overactive thyroid will have light monthly bleeding).

Vaginal bleeding between periods is not normal, but sometimes it’s difficult to figure it out if your cycles are very irregular.

Here are some additional signs to help you figure out what happened.

If you are taking birth control pills, expect unpredictable bleeding.

The presence of clots in menstrual blood indicates heavy bleeding in the uterus.

If your periods have always been normal and you suddenly start bleeding profusely, you may have been pregnant without knowing it—and you have suffered a spontaneous miscarriage.

"Blood spots" on underwear between periods can be cervical or uterine cancer or with a polyp.

If you are bleeding and have pain in your lower abdomen, you probably have a pelvic infection (especially if the pain comes on gradually and is accompanied by fever and vaginal discharge).

If you are an alcoholic and/or you have serious liver disease, there is too much estrogen in your body and this will cause vaginal bleeding.

Regardless of your own diagnosis, see your gynecologist when you are bleeding. While you are waiting for your appointment, consider a few additional items that you can bring to the doctor's attention.

Is your skin dry and rough? Are you feeling tired and sleepy? If so, the abnormal bleeding may be due to an underactive thyroid.

Have you ever had a fever that comes and goes? It often happens that when you visit a doctor you do not have a temperature. So tell your doctor about it. A fever usually means an infection.

If you have small bleeds under the skin or bleed easily in other parts of the body, the condition may be a general clotting disorder, and vaginal bleeding is only one manifestation.

After talking with you and a thorough external examination, the doctor can make any appointment - from a pregnancy test to a cervical smear, ultrasound examination or tomogram.

But by making all the observations described above, you will greatly simplify the process of making a diagnosis and shorten it.