It is necessary to timely sanitize the genitals. Vaginal sanitation: types of procedures, indications and contraindications

Proper preparation to upcoming birth is the guarantee of the health of the future baby and wellness mother. A woman during pregnancy should be regularly observed by a gynecologist, especially carefully monitor nutrition and lifestyle. Some women other than psychological preparation to the upcoming delivery and performance special exercises, which will help the body to better cope with contractions and attempts, sanitation of the vagina before childbirth is also recommended. This event is assigned to women who have certain medical indications and sometimes for preventive purposes.

In any case, the sanitation of the vagina is a procedure that should always be agreed with your gynecologist and performed following the advice of friends or relatives is strictly contraindicated.

The issue of sanitizing the vagina is decided after receiving the results of the study. vaginal microflora and detection pathogenic microorganisms. In some cases, the infection proceeds with virtually no pronounced symptoms. clinical symptoms, absent pathological discharge from the vagina, soreness, itching or burning. However, even if future mom does not complain about his state of health, sanitation is necessary. An infectious process that has not been eliminated before childbirth can lead to such undesirable consequences:

The causative agents of urogenital infections in women primarily affect the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix. Due to acute or sluggish chronic inflammation the vagina loses its elasticity, reacts badly to high blood pressure and stretching, which is inevitable in the process of childbirth. This increases the risk of breaks, cracks. In women with infectious pathology, the vagina also recovers worse in the postpartum period;
Any microtrauma of the vagina and perineum will be worse treated against the background of an infectious disease. The well-being of a woman after childbirth will aggravate the unpleasant manifestations of the disease, which are especially pronounced in the postpartum period due to the stress endured by the body;
After separation of the placenta in the uterus for a certain time remains open wound surface. The causative agent of infection can penetrate into the uterine cavity and lead to the development of severe septic complications;
The child, passing through the birth canal of the mother, first encounters various microflora. Getting on the skin and mucous membranes of the baby, pathogenic microorganisms can cause infection, which will proceed in severe form due to not yet fully functioning immune system newborn;

Given the above consequences, which may lead to the presence of infectious process, sanitation of the vagina during pregnancy is effective method protect the health of women and children.

Indications for carrying out

Pathogen detection urinary infection in a special smear for flora, which a woman must pass at 33-34 weeks of pregnancy, is considered the main criterion for prescribing vaginal sanitation before childbirth. Most often in women, Candida albicans or Gardnerella vaginalis is found in a smear. Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida provoke the development of genital candidiasis. This disease is very common among women in reproductive period. During pregnancy, candidiasis tends to recur frequently. The detection of gardnerella indicates a violation of the normal vaginal microflora, which is also common in pregnant women due to changes in the immune system.

Due to the prevalence of infectious pathologies in pregnant women, it was previously used following diagram sanitation of the vagina. A few weeks before the expected birth, the woman had to use antiseptic drugs local impact. Due to the use of these medicines, in addition to infectious agents, the beneficial microflora of the vagina was also suppressed. To restore it, they used special drug containing cultures of bifidumbacteria and lactobacilli. However, in practice, it was found that it is not advisable to prescribe sanitation to all pregnant women for prevention, so now sanitation is carried out only when pathogenic microorganisms are found in a woman.

How is it carried out

If you have found any causative agent of a genitourinary infection shortly before childbirth, then you should not panic. There are many effective means for the rehabilitation of the vagina. They should be selected exclusively by a doctor after accurately establishing the species of the pathogenic microorganism. Optimal timing considered to be 34-35 week pregnancy. Preparations used for sanitation usually act locally on infectious agents. Especially popular is the use of candles for the sanitation of the vagina and vaginal tablets:

The drug terzhinan is very effective against many pathogenic microorganisms. It is used for fungal, bacterial infection urinary organs;
Hexicon has antiseptic action, but not effective against fungal infection genital organs;
Polygynax is used to combat candidiasis and inflammation in the vagina various etiologies;
Fluomycin is considered very effective drug against various pathogens, including fungal. Available in the form of vaginal tablets;
Sanitation of the vagina with Miramistin is effective against a wide range microorganisms (fungi, viruses, bacteria, protozoa). Also, the drug has a local immunostimulating effect on the vaginal mucosa;

Medicinal substances that are part of the above drugs act quickly and effectively. Be sure to use drugs that restore the natural microflora of the vagina during the sanitation of the vagina. It is important to follow the doctor's instructions exactly. If a woman has an infection with severe clinical symptoms, you can not independently stop taking the drugs immediately after the main manifestations of the disease go away. Usually, it takes 1-2 weeks for a full sanitation of the vagina before childbirth.

Sometimes a pregnant woman may need an obstetric pessary. This is necessary if there is a risk premature birth. If a woman has a pessary installed, then she needs to be especially carefully monitored, since an obstetric pessary is foreign object in internal environment organism, and it increases the risk of joining infectious pathology. Sanitation of the vagina with a pessary consists in the need to take a smear on the flora every 2 weeks and, if indicated (detection of the infectious agent), hexicon suppositories or an antiseptic agent - miramistin are prescribed. It is possible to use special gynecological baths to prevent the development of infection.

Remember, the doctor can prescribe a vaginal sanitation only if pathogenic microorganisms are found in the smear.

In other cases, the use of antibacterial and antiseptics not only has no practical use, but can also harm the health of the reproductive organs due to a change in the normal balance of the natural microflora.

The usual douching for women, which is recommended before each visit to the gynecologist, is the treatment of the vagina and genitals. The difference lies in the fact that in the presence of some diseases, sanitation can be carried out at home independently, while in others - only in outpatient settings under the supervision of a qualified doctor.

Vaginal sanitation is gynecological method, which is used to treat the cavity with antiseptic preparations in order to disinfect the vagina.

Indications for treatment of the vaginal cavity

Sanitation of the vagina is carried out in the following situations:

The presence of inflammatory processes of the vaginal cavity (vaginitis);
The development of nonspecific bacterial, viral or fungal diseases of the genital organs;
Inflammation of the uterus;
The presence of genital infections;
Conducting a colposcopy;
Preparation for a planned gynecological surgical intervention;
Violations of the biocenosis of the vagina;
Holding radio wave coagulation, diathermocoagulation;
Installation intrauterine contraception(establishment of the Navy);
Preparation for labor activity;
Holding surgical interruption pregnancy;
When diagnosing pathologies of the cervix (oncocytology);
Performing surgical manipulations on the uterus (conization, amputation, biopsy);
Preparation for separate diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity, laparoscopic, laparotomic, plastic and vaginal operations (in order to prevent infectious complications during the rehabilitation period);
Hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy.

Also, the procedure for sanitation of the vagina is carried out during the period of gestation. Often in the third trimester of pregnancy, women can develop candidiasis, provoked by a weakened immune system. Since, due to pregnancy, treatment traditional methods contraindicated, in such cases disinfection of the vaginal cavity is carried out.

Types of sanitation of the vagina

Depending on the characteristics of the gynecological manipulations, as well as the nature and specifics of the existing pathological process, there are several types of disinfection treatment:

Sanation various ointments and candles;
Treatment with drug solutions, the choice of which will depend on the results of clinical and laboratory examinations:
Vacuum sanitation;
Ultrasonic processing vagina.

Vacuum disinfection is carried out by special means that destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Complex impact vibration and vacuum is aimed at eliminating dead cells of the vaginal cavity along with pathogenic bacteria through deep penetration of the drug into the layers of the endometrium. Indications for vacuum treatment will be endometritis, cervicitis, salpingoophoritis, salpingitis, ureaplasmosis, candidiasis, chlamydia, gardnerellosis and mycoplasmosis in a chronic form, as well as papillomavirus infection of the cervix, ectopia and true erosion.

This procedure is contraindicated during menstruation and pregnancy, as well as the presence febrile conditions, allergic reactions to the used drug, endometritis, cystitis, colpitis, cervicitis and other gynecological diseases in the acute stage.

Ultrasonic vaginal disinfection is based on the formation of small air bubbles that exfoliate dead cells of the vaginal cavity along with pathogenic bacteria. In this case, there is a deep washing of the mucous membranes of the genital organs and an increase in the functional receptivity of the endometrium. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out in the presence of acute and chronic forms endometritis, colpitis, vulvovaginitis and other diseases of the genital organs. The only contraindication for the procedure is menstruation and other bleeding.

Vaginal sanitation procedure

On an outpatient basis, disinfection treatment is carried out by a nurse or doctor. At the same time, the patient lies down on a gynecological chair, after which the vagina is treated with a special swab, which is pre-impregnated with drugs. In some cases, manipulation can be performed using special tools.

Disinfection of the vagina at home is carried out by the woman herself. Drugs are injected into the vaginal cavity that stop the inflammatory process. Before processing, it is recommended to carry out hygiene of the genital organs. As a rule, processing procedures are performed within 2-3 weeks. First, the inflammatory process is removed and pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed. The vaginal cavity is then populated beneficial microflora. For this, probiotics containing bifido- and lactobacilli are used, which are taken orally. Most often in a woman who suffers bacterial vaginosis, there is a history of intestinal dysbacteriosis. If it is not cured and the vagina is populated with beneficial flora, after a while the inflammatory process will return again.

Medicines for gynecological treatment

Any medicinal products for disinfection treatment are prescribed by the doctor only after the appropriate laboratory research. Illiterate use of drugs can lead to resistance pathogenic bacteria. Medicines that are used to treat the vaginal cavity must act effectively and quickly, have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral qualities, not be stopped by the presence of bloody or purulent discharge, and also have a pronounced effect in the treatment of protozoa.

Sanitation of the vaginal cavity is an effective way to combat a wide range of fungal and infectious lesions organs of the reproductive system, which is characterized by low cost and painlessness.

Content

During gynecological examination the doctor may notice signs of an inflammatory process in the area uterine cervix or the walls of the vagina. Such a deviation should not be ignored, so the gynecologist is obliged to accept emergency measures to relieve symptoms. In this case, it is advisable to resort to a procedure such as rehabilitation. It is necessary when various diseases and also during pregnancy.

What is it - sanitation of the vagina and cervix, when is it necessary and how is it carried out? Let's try to deal with these issues in order.

What is the procedure

First of all, you need to understand what it is - sanitation of the cervical uterus.

Sanitation is a set of measures aimed at freeing a woman's genital tract from pathogens and signs of an inflammatory process. To implement sanitation, an antibacterial general and local treatment with the subsequent restoration of the flora. It is carried out only after a preliminary examination of the smear for the presence of pathogenic microflora ( bacterial culture).

Indications for carrying out

Sanitation of the cervical region is carried out strictly according to indications, since, although it is safe procedure- this is a third-party intervention in the area of \u200b\u200borgans reproductive system. The grounds for the treatment of the inflammatory process can be:

vaginal dysbacteriosis;
bacterial vaginosis;
cervical erosion;
candidiasis and other fungal infections;
the presence of viral diseases;
infectious diseases, including STDs.

Sanitation includes local and general drug treatment. For direct action on the walls of the vagina and cervix, suppositories and antiseptics with an antimicrobial focus are used. With a pronounced inflammatory process, which often accompanies STIs, antibiotics are used.

Treatment of the cervical region of the uterus with an antiseptic is carried out before such diagnostic procedures, how:

hysteroscopy;
colposcopy;
biopsy.

You can not carry out the procedure:

during menstruation;
if there is uterine bleeding;
if you are allergic to medical preparations used in rehabilitation.

In pregnant women, sanitation of the cervix is carried out at the 9th month, immediately before childbirth. This is a mandatory procedure that prevents infection of the fetus when passing through birth canal.

Types and features of the conduct

Sanitation of the cervical uterus can also be carried out by physical methods:

vacuum;
ultrasonic.

The choice of instrumental technique is carried out exclusively by a gynecologist. On the initial stage rehabilitation, it is necessary to go through preparatory procedures. They are accomplished through the use vaginal suppositories with antimicrobial, antimycotic and antiviral action. Only after that the doctor can proceed directly to the instrumental sanitation.

Before the introduction of suppositories during the preparatory period, be sure to performed vaginal bath which helps relieve inflammation.

For baths, chlorhexidine, a decoction of chamomile or calendula can be used.

vacuum

To carry out this type of manipulation, a special device is used along with certain antiseptic preparations (their choice is made by a gynecologist). The technique of performing the procedure is based on a combination of vacuum and vibration.

Thanks to this technique, secretions, mucus and pathogens are removed from the surface of the cervical uterus. Due to this, the drugs used have maximum action because they active substances penetrate deep into the layers of the mucous membranes of the uterine cervix.

Vacuum sanitation is performed in the presence of chronic pathological processes, as well as erosion of the cervix. However, do not forget about the contraindications to its implementation, so as not to cause serious harm to the woman's health.

Vacuum sanitation is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy. In case of an acute inflammatory process of the genitourinary organs, it is necessary to carry out sanitation against the background of antibiotic therapy.

Ultrasonic

This procedure is completely painless and harmless. Its principle is to use ultrasonic waves, with the help of which the mucous membranes of the uterine cervix are cleansed of pathogenic microflora.

During the manipulation, pathogenic microorganisms are removed from the treated surface - they die under the influence of ultrasound. This procedure contributes to a thorough cleansing of the cervical region. reproductive organ from bacteria, since with its help the antiseptic preparation gets even into the most inaccessible areas.

Ultrasound debridement is never indicated when available. uterine bleeding, as well as during menstruation.

The procedure can be carried out not only in the doctor's office on the gynecological chair but also at home. However, all drugs used in this case must be agreed with the attending physician.

Sanitation measures last for 14-21 days, but deviations up or down are possible. It all depends on the severity of the disease and the degree of contamination of the neck with pathogenic microorganisms.

After the end of the procedure, the patient is prescribed probiotics based on lacto- and bifidobacteria. Therapy is considered completed only after a control examination confirming complete absence pathogens on the mucous membrane of the uterine cervix and the walls of the vagina.

Sanitation of the vagina is a treatment with antiseptic medicines female external genitalia. The procedure is carried out according to special indications and is both part of anti-inflammatory therapy and preparation for surgery.

The need for rehabilitation

Despite the fact that modern pharmaceutical industry finds more and more new drugs for treatment gynecological diseases, the number of women with vulvovaginal infections is not decreasing.

So, 2/3 of patients in gynecological hospitals have a pathogenic flora of a mixed nature, and therapy inflammatory diseases requires an integrated approach.

Therefore, prescribing drugs alone is not enough. Under these conditions, careful treatment of the external genitalia is necessary to prevent the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms to reproductive organs which include appendages and uterus.

One way to restore normal microflora is the sanitation of the vagina. It can be carried out at home and in the hospital.

Assign a procedure when identifying:

bacterial vaginitis;
sexually transmitted diseases;
fungal and viral infections;
non-specific viral conditions;
inflammatory process gynecological organs located in the small pelvis.

When to Rehabilitate

In order to avoid inflammatory processes in the future, the vagina is sanitized before studies with penetration into the uterine cavity:

hysteroscopy;
colposcopy;
oncocytology.

Also, the procedure is done before surgical intervention any kind and installation intrauterine device.

Sanitation of the vagina is carried out during pregnancy, if required for medical reasons. It has to be done if a pregnant woman has urogenital infections. When there is a possibility of penetration of pathogens into the uterus, the treatment is regularly carried out on early dates pregnancy.

In the III trimester, approximately at a period of 34-36 weeks, Candida fungus is activated in women. At that time systemic drugs pregnant women are contraindicated. They can cause swelling of the mucous membranes, injure the birth canal.

But since it is necessary to get rid of thrush, otherwise there is a possibility of infection of the baby when passing through the birth canal, then the sanitation of the vagina, carried out before childbirth, is carried out as a therapeutic manipulation.

On an outpatient basis, the procedure is performed in a comfortable environment for a woman, with sterile instruments and reliable preparations.

Medicines for gynecological treatment

Preparations intended for the sanitation of the vagina must have the following qualities:

act quickly and efficiently;
have antifungal, antimicrobial and antiviral activity in a wide range;
have a pronounced effect against the simplest organisms;
high activity of funds should not be stopped by the presence of pathological purulent and bloody discharge.

Antiseptics can be divided into 3 main groups:

Having a narrow therapeutic activity. These include clindamycin, metronidazole, and antifungals;
polycomponent means. Their main drawback is the inhibition of the development of lactobacilli;
Substances with non-specific action. They act selectively, and quite often provoke allergic reactions.

Currently, one of the universal methods that is used in complex treatment inflammatory diseases and before surgical procedures is the sanitation of the vagina with chlorhexidine.

It effectively affects pathogenic microflora, providing antimycotic, bactericidal and antiviral effect. However, it does not inhibit the growth of lactobacilli.

The new drug hexicon has a wide range of effects on pathogens and is a suppository for intravaginal use. It is more convenient to use it than chlorhexidine, a woman can sanitize herself.

Types of sanitation

In addition to the usual manipulation, during which medical solutions, candles, tablets and creams for the sanitation of the vagina, there are other types antiseptic treatment external genitalia.

Vacuum sanitation. The procedure includes the treatment of the vagina with solutions of a wide spectrum of action, with the directional action of a vacuum device that creates vibration. Dead and desquamated cells of the membrane are removed, drugs penetrate into the inner layers, the infection is washed out.

It is used in case of detection of papillomavirus infection, with chlamydia, candidiasis, gardenerellosis and mycoplasmosis.

When sanitizing with ultrasound, small oxygen bubbles appear, which exfoliate the epithelial cells together with the bacteria adhering to them, clearing the vagina from infection and increasing functional receptivity. It is used for endometritis, colpitis, vulvovaginitis.

Both of these procedures are absolutely painless, but have their contraindications. Vacuum sanitation is not carried out before childbirth, during pregnancy , with cystitis, endometritis, polyvalent allergic reactions, cervicitis, salpingitis.Ultrasound is not prescribed during vaginal bleeding any type.

Antiseptic and antimicrobial treatment of the vagina

How is vaginal sanitation done? The criterion for the implementation of the procedure are medical indications, and, depending on them, the appointment of a doctor.

On an outpatient basis, all manipulations are performed by a doctor or nurse. The woman is on the gynecological chair, the vagina is treated with a swab soaked drug. AT special occasions The procedure is performed with special tools.

Sanitation of the vagina, carried out at home, can be performed by a woman on her own. It consists in the introduction into the vagina of drugs that stop inflammatory processes various etiologies. It is advisable to carry out hygiene measures before the procedure.

Sanitation procedures usually require at least 2-3 weeks. First, the pathogenic microflora is destroyed, the inflammatory process is removed.