Consequences of removal of the uterus and ovaries. Sexual life after gynecological operations to remove organs: uterus, cervix, ovaries

Content

Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) is one of the most frequently performed gynecological surgeries in women. After removal, the patient forever loses the opportunity to become a biological mother. Such an operation is carried out only for serious indications and most often when there is no other way out.

When is hysterectomy necessary?

Removal is sometimes the only possible way out of a situation where a woman's health is in serious danger. In what cases do doctors remove the uterus and is it possible to do without it? Indications for removal of the uterus are the following situations.

Too many benign tumors. These include fibroids, in which the nodes grow and do not allow neighboring organs to function normally. In addition, such formations cause heavy bleeding.
The presence of malignancy of malignant or benign tumors not only of the uterine body, but also of its neck, as well as the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Serious internal injuries that cannot be treated surgically and endanger the life of the patient.
Tears that appeared during delivery (during natural childbirth or by caesarean section), bleeding of a breakthrough nature.
Infectious inflammation that cannot be removed with conservative treatment, as well as uterine prolapse.
The third or fourth degree of endometriosis, which affects neighboring organs.

In addition, complete removal can be performed when there is no threat to the life of the patient. Indications for the complete removal of the body of the uterus here may be as follows: severe pain in this organ, vaginal or uterine bleeding, which recur very often, as well as myomatous nodes.

In such situations specialists give the patient the right to choose whether to continue living with constant discomfort and pain or decide on a hysterectomy. Sometimes, this operation can save a woman's life.

Preparation and conduct of the operation

Removal of the body of the uterus is a very serious surgical intervention, and is carried out in a hospital. A woman must undergo a thorough examination before the operation. It includes radiography, ultrasound diagnostics and biopsy taking. If, nevertheless, the patient is allowed to remove the uterus, and specialists have the necessary indications for surgery, surgical intervention can be performed.

It is obligatory to consult an anesthesiologist, who will identify and prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions to the means used in amputation. Before the operation, exactly one day the patient needs to clean the intestines with an enema. In addition, a woman must follow a special diet for some time. In some clinics, before surgical procedures, the patient is given a special remedy that will help to cope with the fear of surgery.

The method and extent of the operation depends on the reasons why the uterus needs to be removed. Depending on the degree of damage and what indications the patient has for complete removal of the uterus, the following types of hysterectomy are used.

Subtotal. Using this method, the uterine body is completely removed, but its appendages and neck are left.
Total (extirpation). This method involves the removal of the organ and its neck. Such an operation is indicated when there are serious lesions or injuries, as well as for cancer of the uterus.
Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy. With this method, the organ is completely amputated along with appendages. Indications for such an operation arise when the tubes, ovaries and the body of the uterus itself are simultaneously affected.
Radical hysterectomy. This method is indicated when the patient has metastases on the ovaries or cervix. With this surgical intervention, not only the uterus is removed, but also the appendages, as well as the upper part of the vagina, pelvic tissue and surrounding lymph nodes.

The method of removal is chosen by the doctor, in accordance with the type of damage to the uterus.

For example, laparoscopic involves the removal of the appendages (if necessary) and the body of the uterus itself.

The abdominal (laparotomic) method of surgical intervention, when the entire uterus is removed from a woman, allows you to find out in detail the state of the woman's organs.

If there are such indications, then not only the uterus itself is removed, but also the appendages, as well as the cervix. This method is most often used when a woman has bleeding of a profuse nature or cancerous metastases and large tumors have been identified. That is why sometimes it is necessary to remove the uterus, even for young patients.

How is the postoperative period

After removal, a woman needs to stay in a medical facility for at least 2 weeks. A week after the hysterectomy, the specialist removes the staples on the seam. The speed at which postoperative wounds heal will depend on the individual characteristics of the woman's body. If during a hysterectomy all lymph nodes and ligaments were removed, then global changes can occur in the small pelvis in such cases. They are able to delay the recovery process after removal of the uterine body.

Doctors in a medical institution restore the water and electrolyte balance in the patient's body, and also carry out preventive measures so that inflammatory processes do not appear. In addition, special attention is paid to the psychological aspects. The fact is that any surgical intervention is the strongest stress not only for a woman's body, but also for her psyche. Especially if it's a deletion.

It is best if a psychologist talks to the patient after such surgical procedures. After a hysterectomy, a sick leave is issued, which lasts up to 50 days (depending on the severity of the operation). But some of the women calmly endure such manipulations and go to work already 21 days after the operation.

Special diet and exercise

After a woman has had her uterus removed, she must follow a special diet. The main recommendations on this matter are given by the doctor in the medical institution where the patient underwent the removal of the reproductive organ. The diet should be sparing. That is why it is impossible to include in the diet products that irritate or aggressively act on the mucous membrane. Strong tea, coffee, any sweets (including honey), wheat flour bread should be removed from the daily menu.

In order to “start” the intestines, it is necessary to eat food in not very large portions, but as often as possible (up to 7 times a day). Excessive overeating is also not welcome. As for fluid intake, it is necessary to drink at least 4 liters per day. Particular attention should be paid to water. It should be at least 70% in the patient's diet.

It is very important to strictly adhere to all nutritional advice that was given in a medical institution. Their observance will help to pass the postoperative period without any complications.

Loads should be minimal. It is strictly contraindicated to lift more than 5 kg. Prohibitions are also imposed on physical exercises. You can do them only after the complete healing of all incisions. Why should it be done? The fact is that with sudden movements, the seam can disperse. After such a period, you can only do those gymnastic exercises that will be recommended and allowed by a specialist in a medical institution.

After the patient is discharged home, she can walk at a leisurely pace for short distances. This type of physical activity will not allow blood to stagnate in the organs, which is why the recovery process will go much faster.

Complications that may appear

After a hysterectomy, severe pain can occur. They appear due to bleeding or the formation of adhesions. In what cases can this happen? Most often, these symptoms occur within the first few days after removal. Among other things, among the isolated disturbed process of urination, the appearance of hematomas, thrombosis of the veins on the legs. Seams may fester.

Any of these complications affects the recovery process after a hysterectomy. Very often, patients may experience signs of menopause.

Also, after removal, sometimes dryness appears inside the vagina, and the level of sexual desire for a partner decreases. But such phenomena were recorded only in 5% of the total number of all patients who underwent such an intervention. In addition, women after hysterectomy become more susceptible to atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.

What should be the allocation

After the uterus is removed, the woman may experience bloody discharge. This is due to the fact that sex hormones do not affect the neck of this organ due to the fact that the functions of the ovaries were not affected. It is very important to monitor the nature of such secretions. If they only get worse over time, you should see a doctor. He will conduct the necessary examination and make the correct diagnosis.

What cases require mandatory treatment in a medical institution. This:

an unpleasant odor that comes from the discharge;
bouts of nausea;
there are large clots in the secretions;
frequent bright red discharge of blood.

If the patient has after discharge from the hospital, at least one of the above signs appeared, this is a reason for immediate contact with a medical institution.

The appearance of an early menopause

If the appendages were preserved during the hysterectomy, then there will be no effect on hormonal metabolism. The ovaries in this case continue to function normally. If the ovaries were removed, then the hormone estrogen completely ceases to be produced, which leads to a large-scale and sharp hormonal failure. That is why such a situation necessarily causes a climax.

This condition after surgery is tolerated by a woman in a rather severe form. It is associated with a sharp change in hormonal levels. Menopause brings especially uncomfortable sensations to young women. Patients at an older age tolerate it much easier. To ease the symptoms of menopause, hormone replacement therapy is prescribed immediately after a hysterectomy. It will gradually prepare the woman's body for menopause.

In order to maintain normal health after the removal is carried out, it is necessary to strictly follow all the recommendations of the doctor. This will help speed up the recovery process in a short time. The only thing that changes after such a surgical intervention is the complete disappearance of the childbearing function. As for other aspects of health, they all remain at the same level. That is why the patient after the operation can live a full life.

Removal of the uterus is an operation called a hysterectomy, which is prescribed for serious indications. There are different techniques and options for surgical intervention: with or without appendages, abdominal method or laparoscopy. Unfortunately, surgical manipulations to remove the uterus are one of the leading operations in the field of gynecology. According to statistics, a third of women after 45 years of age undergo excision of an important organ. In most cases, such an operation is not only expedient, but also able to save the patient's life.

Indications for removal of the uterus

Excision of an important female organ does not always mean its total elimination (extirpation). Sometimes doctors leave the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes during surgery. Removal of an organ is required in case of oncological processes in it or appendages, massive bleeding that is not amenable to conservative treatment, to stop the development of a septic process in the pelvic organs (purulent metroendometritis). More often, the removal of the uterus occurs due to pathological processes that do not threaten the life of a woman.

uterine fibroids

Leiomyoma, fibromyoma or myoma (fibrosis) of the uterus is a benign formation that occurs in the myometrium (muscle layer) of the organ. This is the most common disease in women over 45, however, the doctor will never prescribe surgery without serious reasons. A small neoplasm is also treated with conservative methods, but sometimes it is impossible to do without surgery. If uterine fibroids are determined at a young age, then gynecologists are especially trying to preserve the woman's reproductive function.

In modern medicine, an operation to remove the uterus in the presence of fibroids is prescribed for the following pathologies:

the neoplasm is localized on the neck of the organ;
fibromatous nodes put pressure on neighboring tissues and organs, which causes constant pain in the patient;
there is a risk of degeneration of a benign tumor into cancer;
signs that the pedunculated fibroids will eventually undergo torsion, and this will lead to necrosis;
the development of fibroids occurs along with prolapse of the uterus or prolapse of the reproductive organ;
the tumor has vivid clinical manifestations, and the woman is in menopause;
fibromyoma has reached sizes exceeding 12 weeks of pregnancy.

endometriosis

Chronic growth of the endometrium (glandular tissue) outside the uterus is called endometriosis. Pathology also refers to the common, and may be inside the reproductive system or outside it. The vast majority of diseases occur in the internal course of the disease. The laparoscopic removal of the overgrown epithelium is mainly used, in which the uterus and other organs are preserved. If there is an aggressive course of the disease, a persistent failure of medical treatment, or a risk of malignant transformation, then doctors may insist on a hysterectomy.

Cervical or ovarian cancer

Removal of the uterus for cancer saves the patient's life. As a rule, in oncology, in addition to surgery, additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy is prescribed. For cancer, a radical hysterectomy is recommended, that is, not only the uterus is removed, but also the cervix, ovaries, upper vagina, fallopian tubes and tissues with lymph nodes in this area. The early stage of oncology allows you to perform a more gentle operation while preserving the woman's reproductive function: removal of 2/3 of the cervix while preserving the internal os and other organs, so that it is possible to become pregnant and give birth.

Necrosis of fibromatous nodes

The most serious complication of uterine fibroids is necrosis of the fibromatous node. The disease is a violation of the nutrition of its tissues, in which edema and severe pain occur. On palpation of the node, pain intensifies, vomiting appears, irritation of the peritoneum, and the temperature rises. In case of accession of an infection the general phenomena amplify. The indication for surgical intervention is the establishment of a diagnosis. The volume of the operation is decided individually, depending on the age and general condition of the patient.

Prolapse or prolapse of the uterus

Prolapse or prolapse of the genital organs in a woman occurs when the muscles of the pelvis or peritoneum are weakened. Pathology develops due to hard work, multiple births, endocrine disorders or chronic inflammation. At the initial stage of the disease, therapy is aimed at strengthening weak muscle groups. Hysterectomy is considered, though radical, but the most effective solution to the problem. Two options are made: excision of the uterus and the upper part of the vagina, or partial removal of the vagina, in which the possibility of sexual activity remains.

Preparing for hysterectomy surgery

How to prepare for the operation? Since a hysterectomy is performed under anesthesia and takes a long time, the removal of the uterus requires special preparation. Before the operation, the gynecologist must study the patient's medical history, be aware of infectious, chronic diseases, allergies, and the possibility of anesthesia. The whole complex of preparation for the operation includes a medical one, during which there is an examination, bowel cleansing, inflammation treatment, medication and psychological correction.

Patient examination

Before a hysterectomy, a gynecological and general examination of the patient is performed. Laboratory diagnostics includes biochemical and clinical blood tests for:

HIV antibodies;
sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, syphilis);
infectious hepatitis;
the level of hormones, minerals, sugar;
blood clotting;
Rh factor and group.

ECG, spirography, tonometry, radiography of the lungs are also performed. If a pathology of the nervous system, kidneys, respiratory organs or heart is detected, the patient is sent for additional examination to other specialists. Gynecological diagnostics includes examination of the vagina and uterus, ultrasound of the pelvis. If cancer is suspected, a woman is sent for MRI, biopsy and histology. It is important to timely identify infections in the urinary and genital tract before removing the uterus.

Bowel preparation

Before carrying out any surgical intervention, the intestines should be cleaned. To do this, three days before the operation, doctors prescribe a special diet that does not contain coarse fiber and toxins. Rye bread, legumes, fruits and vegetables should be excluded from the diet. On the evening before the hysterectomy, it is advisable not to eat, in extreme cases, it is allowed to dine with low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt or kefir 8 hours before hospitalization.

It is not necessary to independently clean the intestines before removing the uterus, since active peristalsis can interfere with the normal operation. On the day of the surgery, you can not eat or drink anything to avoid vomiting during anesthesia.

Medical preparation

If a woman does not have infections and pathologies of other organs, then she does not need medical preparation before removing the uterus. Infections are treated, and antibacterial drugs are prescribed when the following diseases are detected:

colds and viral infections;
endocrine pathologies (diabetes);
neurological diseases;
disorders in the work of the kidneys, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system.

An extremely important manipulation before the operation is the preparation of the veins. Even if there is no varicose disease or chronic thrombophlebitis, after surgery, blood stasis may occur due to increased venous pressure. Such a process can result in severe complications up to the separation of the thrombus and its entry into the vessels of the brain or lung. Before the operation to remove the uterus, the patient should definitely consult a phlebologist or vascular surgeon. During a hysterectomy, compression is applied to the veins using elastic bandages.

Psychological support

Recovery after surgery is a long process, and removal of the uterus is stressful for any woman. The younger the patient, the more psychological trauma she has. The role of the doctor in this case is to explain the need for such an intervention, why it cannot be avoided, to talk about the course of the operation and the chosen excision option.

Many women fear that after the removal of the uterus, they will have problems with their partner or completely lose their sexual function. Practice shows that after rehabilitation, a woman loses only the function of childbearing, and she continues to experience an attraction to sex. For reasons of medical ethics, the doctor will advise not to inform the man about the extent of the removal of the uterus.

Operation progress

How is hysterectomy performed? Hysterectomy begins with the choice of volume and access by the surgeon. As already mentioned, either the entire uterus with appendages is removed, or only part of it. Depending on the operational access, the following types of hysterectomy are distinguished:

Removal of the uterus through the vagina.
Supravaginal (subtotal).
Laparoscopy with instruments.
Laparoscopic da Vinci robot.
Open removal (cavitary operation).

Surgery to remove the uterus begins with the introduction of anesthesia. Anesthesia is applied, depending on the woman's body weight, her age, general health and the duration of the operation. All patients are introduced into general anesthesia, regardless of the chosen intervention technique to completely relax the muscles of the abdominal wall.

Abdominal operation

During an abdominal intervention, a surgical incision is made in the lower abdomen to access the uterus. The incisions are vertical and horizontal from 10 cm to 15. The technique is good because the surgeon can see the organs well and determine the condition of the tissues. A hysterectomy is used when large adhesions or polyps appear, an enlarged uterus, endometriosis, or cancer. The disadvantages of the technique are a long recovery, a serious condition after the intervention, a scar from an incision.

Laparoscopic

Laparoscopic surgery is considered the most gentle type of hysterectomy. An intervention is performed without incisions on the abdomen - the doctor uses special instruments for punctures. First, a cannula (tube) is inserted into the abdominal cavity, through which gas passes. This is necessary so that the abdominal wall rises, and the surgeon gets free access to the uterus. Next, tubes are used that are inserted into the abdominal cavity through punctures, and then a video camera and surgical instruments are lowered through them, with which the removal is performed. The advantage of the method is small incisions, a faster postoperative period.

Vaginal

The main feature of vaginal hysterectomy is that it is carried out in a way that is convenient for a woman - after the operation, there are no scars and stitches on the body at all. After vaginal removal of the uterus, the patient quickly recovers, there is an emergency emotional rehabilitation. Unfortunately, only a third of patients operate in this way, since there are many contraindications:

large size of the uterus;
C-section;
malignant tumors;
combined pathologies;
acute inflammation of other organs and systems.

Duration

How long does a uterus removal surgery take? The duration of laparoscopic hysterectomy averages 1.5 - 3.5 hours. Abdominal removal of the uterus lasts from 40 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the surgical intervention. The duration of a vaginal hysterectomy is no more than two hours if the procedure goes without complications.

Postoperative period

Any surgical intervention is a varying degree of injury caused by damage to tissues and blood vessels. After the removal of the uterus, it takes time for the body to fully recover. The scheme and duration of rehabilitation measures always depend on the severity of the disease, the characteristics of the female body, the type of operation, and postoperative complications. To correct health in the postoperative period, a whole range of rehabilitation measures has been developed. Its main components are physiotherapy exercises, proper nutrition, hormonal support.

Recovery and rehabilitation

The postoperative recovery period after removal of the uterus includes the time period from surgical intervention to full working capacity and the onset of sexual activity. Rehabilitation is divided into two stages: early and late. With a successful hysterectomy of the abdominal type, the early period is from 9 to 12 days, after which the patient's stitches are removed, then discharged from the hospital.

After laparoscopic exposure, early rehabilitation is 3.5 - 5 days. During this period, bleeding and other symptoms, including possible infection, are eliminated. After vaginal hysterectomy, if there were no complications during the operation, the patient is discharged from the hospital after a week. The late stage of recovery takes place at home with regular consultations with a doctor. On average, the stage lasts about a month. At this stage, the immunity is strengthened, the working capacity and the psychological state of the woman are restored.

Nutrition after surgery

After surgery to remove the uterus, you should follow the recommendations aimed at improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract:

Eat at least 6-7 meals in small portions.
Drink two liters of plain water daily.
Food should be consumed in a liquid or semi-liquid state.

It is necessary to introduce porridge into the diet in a crumbly form, and sea fish and lean meat - only boiled. Allowed to eat meat broths, low-fat dairy products, vegetables (beans, potatoes and cabbage - carefully), vegetable salads with vegetable oil, vegetable purees. Recommended fresh herbs, dried fruits, walnuts. You can drink pomegranate juice, green tea.

Prohibited Products:

liquid cereals;
mushrooms;
pastry, white bread;
confectionery;
fried, fatty, spicy dishes;
semi-finished products;
smoked meats;
black tea, coffee;
carbonated drinks;
limit salt intake to prevent fluid retention.

Physical exercise

After removal of the uterus, gravity cannot be lifted for 1.5 - 2 months. Sexual activity is not recommended for 6 weeks after a hysterectomy. Doctors advise going in for sports, visiting the pool and sauna no earlier than six months after the abdominal operation, when the scar is finally formed. Charging to restore physical activity should be done daily, without straining. To avoid problems with urination, Kegel exercises are indicated to restore the normal function of the genitourinary system.

A hysterectomy changes a woman's lifestyle. To successfully recover after removal of the uterus, doctors recommend paying attention to the following points:

Bandage. Especially recommended for menopausal patients who have multiple births.
Sex. For 4-6 weeks, sexual life is prohibited, since discharges are still ongoing during this period.
Special exercises. There is a perineum meter - a special simulator for strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and vagina. It provides the effectiveness of intimate gymnastics.
Tampons. As long as there is a discharge, pads should be used. Tampons are allowed only 2-2.5 months after the removal of the uterus.
Nutrition. Healthy food is important. Most meals should be consumed before 4pm.
Hospital. The terms of disability are 30-45 days with a hysterectomy. In case of complications, the sick leave is extended.

Possible postoperative complications and consequences

Complications after hysterectomy surgery are rare, but in order to seek help in time, you need to know about them. In the first days after a hysterectomy, the following deterioration is possible:

divergence of the seam or inflammation of the scar with purulent discharge;
difficulty urinating (cramps, pain) or urinary incontinence;
different intensity of bleeding (internal or external);
thrombosis or thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, leading to blockage of the branches, which is fraught with death;
inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis), which can provoke sepsis;
hematomas in the suture area;
discharge with an unpleasant odor and clots.

If the suture becomes infected, then the patient's temperature rises to 38 degrees. To stop this complication, it is enough to prescribe antibiotics. Peritonitis is more likely to develop if a woman has had an emergency hysterectomy. In this case, the pain syndrome is pronounced, therefore, antibiotic therapy and the infusion of colloidal solutions are carried out. A second operation may be required to remove the uterine stump and flush the abdomen with antiseptics.

In the following months, menopause occurs, which in such a situation is difficult. Most women experience burning and dryness in the vagina, hot flashes, discomfort in the genital area, and anxiety. This is due to hormonal changes, when the female body stops producing estrogens, as a result of which the vaginal mucosa becomes thinner and loses lubrication. Sexual intercourse in this condition can be painful, so the woman's desire for sex is reduced.

Operation cost

How much does hysterectomy surgery cost? The price of a hysterectomy depends on several factors: the level of the hospital, the professionalism of the surgeon, the scale of the operation, the region and the length of stay in the hospital. The method of surgery also affects the cost of the operation. In private clinics in Moscow, laparoscopy will cost from 16 to 90 thousand rubles. Carrying out a cavity or vaginal hysterectomy will cost from 20 to 80 thousand rubles. A similar operation to remove the uterus in Israel will cost from 12 thousand dollars.

Operations to remove the uterus and ovaries are performed in case of detection of endometriosis, cancer, polycystic disease, tumor, large cystic formation, or if drug treatment has not brought effective results. A woman has a difficult decision to make. Absolutely all patients are worried about what life will be like after removal of the uterus and ovaries.

Removal of the uterus and ovaries, the consequences of which are manifested differently for each woman, requires mandatory compliance with all doctor's prescriptions in the postoperative period.

The procedure for excision of the reproductive organs can cause not only physical complications after the operation (for example, pain in the suture area), but also depressive disorders in patients.

However, mandatory surgical intervention is necessary for the following diseases:

severe bleeding caused by muscle tumors;
prolapse of the uterus;
endometriosis;
cancer of the cervix, uterus or ovaries;
myoma, fibrosis;
a large number of polyps;
pelvic pain caused by pathology of the uterus;
large sizes;
the threat of necrosis or sepsis;
symptoms.

It is up to the patient to decide whether or not to remove the uterus and ovaries. However, if the doctor claims that there is no other solution to the situation, you should listen to his recommendations.

After removal of the uterus and ovaries

The duration of the postoperative period and the further well-being of a woman directly depend on the type of operation performed. There are the following types of surgical interventions:

subtotal hysterectomy. With this procedure, only the body of the uterus will be removed.
total hysterectomy. With this type, the cervix is excised along with the uterus itself.
Radical hysterectomy. The uterus, upper part of the vagina and lymph nodes are subject to amputation.
Ovariectomy. Removal of one or two ovaries at once.
Salpingo-oophorectomy. The uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed.

Ovariectomy

Depending on the organ to be removed, operations are carried out in the following ways:

Hollow operation. Most operations of this type are carried out in this way. For surgical intervention, under general anesthesia, a transverse or longitudinal incision is made on the abdomen.
Extraction of the uterus through the vagina. The incision is made near the cervix. This procedure is not prescribed in case of organ prolapse, with an enlarged uterus or large fibroids and cysts.
laparoscopic method. The essence of this method is to excise the uterus with a laparoscope through small incisions in the abdomen. The organs are taken out through the vagina. This method is contraindicated in large neoplasms or an enlarged uterus.

To avoid serious negative consequences of the removal of the uterus and ovaries after the operation, it is recommended to adhere to some important aspects:

anesthesia. Usually, after the operation to remove the uterus and ovaries, patients suffer from severe pain, which hinders the healing process. Therefore, it is recommended to constantly monitor the process of anesthesia and, if necessary, be sure to use it.
diet and proper nutrition. Every woman, in the postoperative period, is simply obliged to follow a diet and all the recommendations of the attending physician on the diet.
proper functioning of the intestines. It is absolutely necessary to avoid the occurrence of constipation. If you have any problems with emptying, you should immediately inform your doctor about it.
walking, regular physical activity after the procedure will avoid many serious consequences and complications.

Possible complications after surgery

At an early stage after the operation, the following consequences of the removal of the ovaries and uterus may form:

inflammation in the postoperative suture;
pain during urination of a different nature, caused by traumatic urethritis;
bleeding (external or internal) of varying intensity;
blockage of the pulmonary artery;
peritonitis;
hematomas in the suture area.

For a quick recovery, it is important to create a positive emotional mood during the recovery period. It must be understood that even when a woman has had the removal of the ovaries or uterus, she remains full-fledged.

Consequences of subtotal hysterectomy

If only the uterus was removed, then there are no special changes in the patient's body: the activity of the ovaries does not change, the cervix is in its place (during sexual intercourse, the partner does not feel the absence of the uterus). The only noticeable change after such an operation is the complete absence of menstruation.

Among the common consequences after surgery to remove the main genital organ, the following can be distinguished:

Lack of fertility. For a woman of reproductive age, this is a negative consequence. But most often, such an operation is prescribed to patients over 40. Before putting a woman on the operating table, the doctor carefully studies the history and symptoms of the disease. In some cases, for example, in order to save the uterus itself, only the uterine node can be cut out.
Spikes. Regardless of the type of abdominal surgery, adhesions can form - connective fibers or films between the internal organs and the abdominal wall.
The risk of developing early menopause. Due to possible hormonal disruptions, it is possible to form
premature menopause.
Osteoporosis. It occurs as a result of impaired absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the bones.

Also, the consequences of this operation should include:

possible changes in appearance;
major blood loss requiring a transfusion;
infection;
death due to complications (1 case out of 1000);
the likelihood of injury to the intestines or genitourinary system.

Among all the above consequences, it is important to warn yourself against the development of early menopause and, if possible, preserve the childbearing function.

Possible consequences of a total hysterectomy

After the operation, all the symptoms of the disease disappear, but the following negative consequences for the patient's body may occur:

Disorder in sexual life. Due to emotional experiences, depression in women, sexual attraction to a partner may decrease. The operation itself does not affect the conduct of sexual life and does not imply any restrictions. In some cases, it may occur.
Loss of reproductive function. The most difficult problem young women face. However, modern medicine has found a solution to this issue: surrogate motherhood.
Premature menopause. Almost all women are afraid of early menopause. After removal, menstruation disappears and menopausal symptoms may develop.
Prolapse of the genitals. The operation causes a weakening of the ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor, resulting in a prolapse of the vagina and genital organs. This phenomenon causes discomfort in the perineal area, difficulty urinating and emptying the intestines. All this can lead to incontinence of gases, urine or feces. This pathology requires surgical treatment, during which the pelvic floor is strengthened with the help of synthetic materials.
Spikes. Any surgical intervention contributes to the development of the adhesive process.

After the procedure to remove the uterus and its cervix, the patient's life does not change significantly. There are no special restrictions, and the positive attitude of the patient contributes to a quick recovery and return to normal life.

Possible consequences of oophorectomy

Ovariectomy is a procedure in which the ovaries are removed. The most common causes of surgery are the following pathologies:

. With this disease, inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes occurs. Adnexal adhesions are the main symptom of the chronic form of the disease. The disease can lead to an ectopic pregnancy or dangerous complications that lead to infertility. In the case when it is possible to remove adhesions and save one ovary, the doctor will definitely use it;
chronic pain in the pelvic area;
cysts and other pathologies of the reproductive organs;
oncological neoplasms of the mammary glands (remove the right ovary or the left one).

After excision of the ovaries, the following serious consequences can develop:

The possibility of conception is excluded, the complete cessation of menstruation. After the removal of one ovary, pregnancy is possible.
Certain hormones that take part in metabolic processes cease to be produced.
Perhaps the development of early menopause. To normalize the processes, the doctor often prescribes hormonal drugs.
In some cases, there may be malfunctions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, intense sweating, changes in weight, insomnia, mental and emotional disorders.
Decrease in sexual activity and disturbances in the work of the organs of the endocrine system.
There is a risk of osteoporosis, glaucoma and other ailments. Early aging of the female body may develop. Characteristic signs of the latter: brittle nails, hair loss and deterioration of the skin.

To avoid the consequences of ovary removal, it is recommended to visit a doctor regularly and undergo examinations.

Consequences of a radical hysterectomy

Endometriosis, cancer, fibroids and other pathologies of the female genital organs require surgical intervention. After the operation, the female body stops secreting certain hormones. To maintain hormonal balance in the body, a woman is prescribed hormonal drugs.

The most common consequences after a radical hysterectomy:

premature menopause;
weight gain;
decreased quality of sexual life;
malfunctions of the vascular-cardiac system;
impossibility of conception.

Despite all the above negative effects, some women experience a significant improvement in daily life. They forgot about the pain, they are not worried about bleeding and worries about a possible pregnancy.

How to avoid complications

The performed amputation introduces certain changes in the patient's normal life. For a quick recovery after the removal of the ovaries and uterus, you need to follow some doctor's advice:

Wearing a bandage.
Weight lifting. For 2 months after the operation, bleeding may be observed. During this time, it is strictly not recommended to lift heavy objects or perform work that requires physical effort.
Sex life. A woman is advised to abstain from sex. The period of absence of sexual life is determined by the doctor based on the condition of the patient.
Sports and special exercises. Specially designed exercises and sports help strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor and vagina.
Taking a bath, visiting a sauna, swimming in open water is prohibited for 1.5 months after the operation. As long as blood is being shed, sanitary pads should be used rather than tampons.
Diet and healthy eating. To avoid constipation and problems with excessive gas formation, it is necessary to include in the daily menu a lot of fluids and foods containing a large amount of fiber. It is better to give up strong tea, coffee and alcohol.

If the gynecologist recommends removing the uterus, then this can cause fear and confusion in a woman. But sometimes this is the only way to get rid of a serious illness or save a life. Millions of women have had a hysterectomy (another name for this operation) and have learned to live and enjoy life in new circumstances. How is hysterectomy performed? What are the indications for these surgical procedures?

Hysterectomy is a common gynecological operation throughout the world. After the removal of the uterus, the woman stops menstruating, and she will no longer be able to become pregnant. Abroad, even healthy women over 40 years of age do this operation to prevent the development of cancer and fibroids. In our country, indications for hysterectomy are:

cancer of the uterus, ovaries, cervix;
fibrosis, myoma;
endometriosis;
many polyps;
omission / prolapse of the uterus;
pelvic pain, provoked by the pathology of the uterus.

Large myoma

Myoma is a benign formation of muscle and connective tissue. Often, a tumor forms in the uterus. Fibroids come in different sizes. If the myomatous nodes of the tumor are larger than 6 cm and the uterus is the same size as at the 12th week of pregnancy, then such a benign formation is considered large. To remove fibroids, one of several types of operations can be prescribed: laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy, hysterectomy. Removal of the uterus in this disease is prescribed as a last resort, when other methods are not effective or the woman is over 40 years old.

endometriosis

The growth of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity in the ovaries, peritoneum, fallopian tubes and other places where it should not be, is called endometriosis. This disease is accompanied by inflammation of the organs on which the endometrium grows, pain during menstruation, and vaginal discharge. Sometimes with endometriosis it is necessary to remove the uterus. But this does not always help to completely get rid of the disease. Removal of the uterus with such a disease is recommended for women who do not plan to have more children.

Cervical cancer

To save a woman's life, doctors may recommend a hysterectomy for cervical cancer. In this case, a radical operation is often performed, removing the cervix, upper part of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and adjacent tissues, lymph nodes. After a hysterectomy and removal of a malignant tumor, the patient is prescribed a course of radiation therapy, radiotherapy. During the operation, it is able to prevent the further development of oncological processes in the body.

Preparing for hysterectomy surgery

If a woman decides to have a hysterectomy, she will need to undergo a complete examination and tests to confirm the diagnosis. In this case, ultrasound and radiological methods can be used. If the doctor considers it appropriate, he will also prescribe a biopsy before the operation. The day before the removal of the uterus, a woman is recommended a special diet No. 1, which includes grated food, an enema to cleanse the intestines.

How to prepare for the operation? Preoperative preparation will depend on the reason for which the removal of the uterus is scheduled. So, if a lot of fibromyomas became an indication for hysterectomy, then a few months before surgery, the patient will be prescribed hormonal drugs that will reduce the size of the formation. In other situations, you may need to take antibiotics before surgery to prevent infection.

In order for the patient to calm down, not worry and not be afraid, before the start of the hysterectomy, she is given an injection with a sedative drug. On the day of surgery, a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Before surgery, a woman needs to talk with an anesthetist so that the doctor can find out which drugs can not and can be used during the operation.

How is the operation and how long does it take

A hysterectomy can be performed in a variety of ways. Depending on the development of the disease, the doctor will recommend the type of operation. According to the technique of hysterectomy, the following types of hysterectomy are distinguished: open cavity, vaginal, laparoscopic. According to the number of organs removed, the operation can be total, subtotal, radical, or carried out using the hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy method.

in a total operation, the surgeon removes the uterus along with the cervix;
with a subtotal hysterectomy, only the uterus is removed;
during a hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy, the uterus and appendages are removed;
during a radical operation, the uterus, appendages, cervix, part of the vagina, surrounding tissues with lymphatic tissue are removed.

Abdominal operation

To gain access to the uterus during abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal cavity. After completing all stages of the hysterectomy, the doctor sews up the wound and applies a sterile bandage. Although this type of operation is used frequently, it has several disadvantages. These include the great trauma of the woman, the large size of the scar on the abdomen, which remains after this type of surgical intervention to remove the uterus. How long does a uterus removal surgery take? The duration of the abdominal hysterectomy is 40 minutes - 2 hours.

Laparoscopic

A sparing type of hysterectomy is a laparoscopic method of performing the operation. This type of surgery is performed without large incisions in the abdomen. Special tools and equipment are used for laparoscopic surgery. First, gas is injected into the abdominal cavity through a special tube called a cannula. This is necessary so that the abdominal wall rises above the organs, and the surgeon gains access to the uterus. Then the operation itself begins.

To remove the uterus or other organs adjacent to it, the surgeon inserts tubes into the abdominal cavity through small incisions on the abdomen. Through them, a video camera and surgical instruments are lowered into the body. Laparoscopic removal of the uterus lasts 1.5-3.5 hours. The advantage of this method is that the incision is made small, which means that there is no ugly seam left on the stomach.

Immediately after the operation, a woman often feels nausea, which is a consequence of the use of general anesthesia. The patient will be allowed to drink some water after 1-2 hours, and eat 3-4 hours after surgery. The bladder catheter will be removed 1-2 days after the hysterectomy. If an abdominal operation was performed, then a woman will be able to get out of bed on the 2nd day. After laparoscopic removal of the uterus, the patient will be able to walk in a few hours.

The consequence of a hysterectomy is often pain in the suture area and inside the abdomen, so the woman is prescribed painkillers. She will be discharged from the hospital 2-3 days after abdominal surgery or the next day after laparoscopic hysterectomy. In the first case, a large seam remains, which must first be treated with special preparations to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory processes.

Recovery and rehabilitation

After a hysterectomy, special attention is paid to the prevention of inflammation, the normalization of water and electrolyte balance and blood composition, and the harmonization of the psychological state of a woman. Recovery after surgery to remove the uterus by the abdominal method is 4-6 weeks, and when using the laparoscopic method of surgical intervention - 2-4 weeks.

If a vaginal hysterectomy was performed, then rehabilitation after removal of uterine fibroids will last 3-4 weeks. The time for resorption of sutures during abdominal surgery is 6 weeks. To prevent adhesions, a woman may be prescribed physiotherapy (for example, magnetotherapy). The doctor, if necessary, will prescribe suppositories, injections or tablets to eliminate complications after the operation. After a hysterectomy, a woman is entitled to sick leave for 25-45 days.

Diet after surgery

An important point in the period of postoperative recovery is diet. After a hysterectomy, a woman will have to adhere to some restrictions when compiling her menu. The diet should not include foods that have an irritating effect on the mucous membrane. Cereals, dairy products, meat broths, nuts - all this should be on the patient's menu. It is also important to eat vegetables and fruits to prevent constipation. And it is necessary to exclude coffee, confectionery, tea, chocolate, white bread from the daily menu.

Physical exercise

It is not recommended for operated women to lift weights for another 6 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The same amount of time you can not have sex. Women are allowed to visit the pool no earlier than 6-8 weeks after the removal of the uterine body. Despite the fact that the sutures dissolve within 6 weeks, doctors recommend starting to play sports or go to the gym only 6 months after abdominal surgery, when a scar has formed. A personal doctor will tell a woman about exercises for easy charging.

Possible complications and consequences

If two ovaries are removed along with the uterus, then after the operation the woman will feel the symptoms of menopause in the form of insomnia, hot flashes, mood swings and sweating. This condition is called surgical/medical menopause. If, during a hysterectomy, the ovaries were not removed, then the symptoms of menopause in a woman will only be the absence of menstruation.

Observations of doctors show that after the removal of one uterus, menopause occurs within 5 years after surgery. Women who have undergone removal of the uterine body often develop atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and sometimes there is a decrease in sexual desire and burning sensation,. After a hysterectomy in the first days, weeks, months, years, the following complications may occur:

Inflammation of the skin at the site of the suture. At the same time, the temperature rises, nausea appears, a headache occurs, the wound becomes purple, becomes swollen and pulsates.
Profuse bleeding. The discharge may be in the form of clots and have a dark red, scarlet hue.
Inflammatory process in the bladder caused by the use of a catheter. In this case, the woman experiences sharp pain when urinating.
The occurrence of thromboembolism as a result of blockage of veins by blood clots, blood clots.
Vaginal prolapse.
Pain caused by bleeding and adhesions.

Approximate cost of the operation

How much should I pay for a hysterectomy? The price of the operation depends on many factors. Firstly, its size is affected by the patient's region of residence, the level of the hospital and the doctor, the scale of the operation and the duration, and the conditions of stay in the hospital. Secondly, the cost of a hysterectomy depends on what type of surgery the woman is assigned to. For example, laparoscopic extirpation in private clinics will cost the patient 16,000-90,000 rubles, and vaginal removal of the uterus costs from 20,000 to 80,000 rubles.

The procedure for removing the uterus is quite common for women of different ages and the need for it does not depend on the status, position in society and age.

Before deciding on such a procedure, it is necessary to undergo a set of examinations, a consultation with an experienced specialist in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.

Removal of the uterus or hysterectomy

The scientific name for hysterectomy is hysterectomy. which is often carried out in connection with oncological diseases, fibrosis, infection after childbirth, etc.

If doctors immediately after childbirth cannot stop the bleeding, an emergency removal of the uterus is prescribed to prevent various complications. Many diseases provide alternative therapeutic treatment, but if the diagnosis is “uterine cancer”, only a hysterectomy is possible.

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Removal of the uterus with preservation of the ovaries

The procedure has several main subspecies, depending on the severity and complexity of the surgical intervention.

Among the main types, the most sparing is subtotal hysterectomy, in which the uterus is removed, but the ovaries and cervix remain.

Such removal of the uterus is prescribed when a diagnosis of uterine fibroids is made, for example. Then only the uterus is removed and conservative treatment is prescribed,.

But in this case, women need to be prepared for the fact that she will live with mild pain and inconvenience. The type of surgical intervention that will be chosen depends on the reasons for which the operation is scheduled.

Under what circumstances should the uterus be removed?

Among the possible gynecological diseases, removal of the uterus is prescribed in the case of:

If one of the diseases described above is suspected, a woman first undergoes a variety of examinations to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

Stories from our readers!
“The gynecologist advised me to take natural remedies. We opted for one drug - which helped to cope with hot flashes. It’s such a nightmare that sometimes you don’t even want to leave the house for work, but you have to ... As soon as I started taking it, it became much easier, you even feel that some kind of internal energy appeared. And I even wanted to have sexual relations with my husband again, otherwise everything was without much desire. "

Methods of surgical intervention

Which method of removing the uterus to choose depends on how serious the diagnosis is in a woman.

Depending on the severity of the surgical intervention and the volume of soft tissues removed during the operation, the removal of the uterus can be divided into 4 main types:

Radical involves the removal of the uterus with appendages, cervix, lymph nodes, pelvic tissue and the upper zone of the vagina.
Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy- a procedure in which the uterus with tubes, ovaries and appendages is removed.
Total regulates the removal of the uterus with the cervix.
Subtotal- an operation to remove the uterus, in which the ovaries and cervix are preserved.

Most often, a total procedure for removing the cervix is used, which is carried out with a mandatory abdominal section of the abdominal cavity. After that, sutures are applied, a sterile bandage. All activities are carried out using general anesthesia so that the patient is unconscious all the time.

The disadvantages of this type of removal of the uterus include a long period of rehabilitation and the trauma of this method. To reduce damage after a hysterectomy, some types can be passed through the vaginal cavity. In this case, the cervix is initially removed, and then the uterus itself.

This technique is available only to women who have already given birth to children, due to the fact that they have an enlarged vagina and a wider access. The choice of this method of introducing the instrument allows you to get rid of scars and scars after the procedure.

Today, minimally invasive laparoscopic methods of hysterectomy are gaining popularity. These are methodologies that can significantly reduce the number of incisions and, accordingly, scars and scars on the abdomen. Special laparoscopic equipment inserts tubes into the abdominal cavity, a video camera and additional instruments in order to carry out the procedure as quickly and painlessly as possible.

Postoperative period

The postoperative period after removal of the uterus is divided into two main types:

But, the first 1-2 days, when a hysterectomy has already been done, are especially difficult. At this time, a woman experiences the following sensations:

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Treatment after surgery

Treatment after removal of the uterus consists of complex measures:

Infusion therapy, including drip intravenous infusions on the first day after hysterectomy. These activities allow you to resume the composition and volume of blood.
Use of antibiotics to prevent the development of infections, inflammation, to relieve pain. The course of therapy lasts at least 7 days.
Use of anticoagulants for 3-4 days makes it possible to thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots and thrombophlebitis.

Possible early complications after surgery

Among the most common complications of the early period:

In the case when the nature of the discharge changes, for example, rot appears, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor. This situation may be the cause of the development of inflammation at the seams.

Also, infection of the seam, accompanied by high temperature, a general deterioration in well-being, should cause serious concern. In this case, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics, treatment of sutures with Curiosin solution. This contributes to better healing and tissue regeneration.

Removal of the uterus after 40-50 years

Removal of the uterus for women after 40-50 years old can be prescribed for a variety of reasons:

It is worth knowing that after the removal of the uterus in women after 40-50 years, the risk of developing vaginal prolapse significantly increases. This is a phenomenon in which the upper part of the vagina descends with a decrease in support functions. These are the reasons for the repeated surgical procedure.

Consequences after surgery

The consequences after such an operation as removal of the uterus can be not only physical, but also emotional, they do not appear immediately, but after a while.

Emotional problems

Uterus- it is a symbol of femininity and all living things, the true feminine. And with its removal, a woman experiences not only physical pain, but also emotional changes, such as stress, depression, and more:

Women who have the following psychological problems are most prone to a decline in mood:

Painful symptoms do not go away.
There are serious complications.
Reoperation required.
Did not realize all the risks before the procedure.

Inability to have children

separate issue- this is the inability to continue your race, to give birth to a child after the removal of the uterus.

Some women attribute this to the positive characteristics of the procedure, but for most it is disgusting and causes a strong, deep depression. This is especially a stress factor if the woman is still young or has not yet had children.

Due to the appearance of such factors after the operation, doctors carefully weigh the pros and cons before prescribing the removal of the uterus. Also, a woman should carefully study and evaluate all the risks and consequences of hysterectomy.

And if it is possible to save the genital organ, it is necessary to abandon the hysterectomy. Even if the uterus was removed, but the ovaries were left, a woman can still become a mother, using the procedure of artificial insemination or surrogacy.

You need to know that the procedure for removing the uterus is not the end of a normal sexual, intimate life. However, in the postoperative period for 2 months, it is worth giving up intimacy and letting the body rest. After that, the tone of the body will return to normal, and full-fledged sensitivity will go back to normal.

After the onset of the 40th anniversary, many women and men feel some changes in their sexual desire and sexual libido.

Many have a significant decrease in activity, and many have an increased sexual desire after removal of the uterus.

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This difference in sensations is associated with indications for surgical intervention and compliance with the expected results.

If a woman after the procedure gets rid of the pain syndrome and there is no longer a need to take care of an unwanted pregnancy, the libido increases and the infusion becomes much higher.

In addition, the hysterectomy procedure has a beneficial effect on the libido of a woman during menopause.

But it is worth noting that after a surgical procedure to remove the ovaries, women may experience vaginal dryness and lack of natural lubrication. This greatly complicates sexual intercourse and requires the use of additional lubricant. Experts in this situation recommend using a synthetic water-based lubricant, a pessary, or an estrogen-based vaginal cream.

adhesive process

In the process of suturing the peritoneal wound, it leads to a violation of the initially formed fibrous overlays. Due to this, increased adhesion occurs.

This event after the operational event depends directly on several main characteristics:

Often the risk of adhesion formation after surgical removal of the uterus is due to the genetic predisposition of the patient.

This is due to the high level of production in the body of the genetically determined enzyme N-acetyltransferase. This element dissolves fibrin deposits and is responsible for the risk of adhesion formation.

The first symptoms of adhesions after surgery can be determined by the following signs:

Systematic or abruptly arising painful signs in the lower abdomen;
Pain during urination;
Discomfort when defecation;
Diarrhea;
Dyspeptic symptoms.

The following medications are used as the main measures to prevent the appearance of adhesions:

Anticoagulants, which are involved in blood thinning and prevent the adhesive process;
Antibiotics preventing the development of infection in the peritoneal cavity.

In addition, to prevent the adhesive process, it is recommended to perform a small physical activity on the first day, namely, no more than roll over from side to side.

After a few days, when the patient can already move normally, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed:

Ultrasound;
Electrophoresis with Lidase, Hyaluronidase.

Effective therapy in the postoperative period will prevent the formation of adhesions and other unpleasant consequences.

Other consequences

Few people know, but after such a complex operation on the female reproductive organs, such a syndrome appears as a symptom of surgical menopause. It manifests itself after 14-20 days and practically does not differ in signs from the natural menopause, it can only occur at any age.

When signs of menopause appear, the following symptoms are observed:

To reduce symptoms and adverse effects on the body after surgery, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the treating specialist.

Life after hysterectomy

Despite all the adverse symptoms after the procedure and the severity of the postoperative period, women, of course, are not given disability.

And every patient who has undergone this surgical intervention must learn to live a normal life after that.

But, sooner or later, complications of the late or early postoperative period may occur.

For this, a set of procedures and measures is used, which include the use of hormones, homeopathic remedies, including phytoestrogens.

Such measures help to effectively get rid of the symptoms of premature menopause or significantly alleviate its course.

To prevent the consequences of oophorectomy and hysterectomy, patients must strictly follow the appointments and recommendations of the doctor. And even when the symptoms of postoperative complications pass and life returns to normal, undergo an examination by a doctor every 6 months.

Women need to clearly understand that the removal of the uterus is not a sentence, this does not mean that she has ceased to be a woman! In some specific situations, diseases of the female reproductive organs are so great that such a procedure is the only solution that will give healing and deliverance!

Moderate exercise and Kegel exercises

Numerous reviews confirm the high effectiveness of Kegel exercises. A full-fledged set of activities will not make it difficult for a woman; activities can be performed in any convenient position.

But there are a number of indications that must be performed first:

Kegel exercise is not difficult, for the speedy recovery of functions, it can be done at home and at work, and even in public transport. During the day, it is recommended to do at least 4-5 approaches.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

2-3 days after the removal of the reproductive organ, the patient has a significant in the body. This is an unfavorable situation for a woman, because this hormone plays a crucial role - it regulates the normal level of muscle mass in the body.

It is the insufficient level of this hormone that contributes to the fact that after the operation the woman is gaining weight significantly. It is also worth clarifying that it is the hormone testosterone that is responsible for the level of a woman's libido and sexual desire.

To normalize its level in the body in the postoperative period, doctors prescribe an additional intake of hormonal drugs and specialized supplements, which are based on estradiol and testosterone:

Tablets "Estrimax", allowing to compensate for the lack of estradiol, which naturally should have been produced by the ovaries.
The preparation of the tablet form "Estrofem' has a similar effect.
Medication "Feminal" is an effective drug that allows you to delay the early onset of menopause and improve the patient's condition. It is the most preferred drug in the period after the removal of the uterus, appendages and ovaries.
For external use, to eliminate unpleasant symptoms, use "Divigel", a drug belonging to the group of progestin drugs for stimulating estrogen cell receptors. The drug is effectively used in the presence of osteoporosis or the risk of developing thrombophlebitis.

Hormone replacement therapy is most often prescribed for 5 years after surgery.

The operation is performed under anesthesia, which in turn leads to the appearance of bloating, imbalance of the intestines. Also, such a development of events can be affected by hormonal failure in the postoperative period.

In order for a woman not to gain weight and normalize the work of the digestive tract, it is necessary to adhere to some rules for the formation of a diet.

So, it is necessary to minimize or completely exclude the following products from the menu:

pickles, spices, seasonings;
spicy and fatty foods;
fresh pastries;
confectionery;
smoked sausages, lard;
fried food.

It is also worth limiting the consumption of fresh legumes, in no case should you eat grapes, radishes, fresh and processed cabbage.

This is due to the fact that this list of products stimulates increased flatulence, diarrhea and bloating. Strong and low-alcohol drinks, strong coffee and black tea are strictly not allowed.

If you follow all the instructions of a nutritionist and be observed by a specialist, correctly compiling a daily diet, you can quickly restore the functions of the stomach and establish effective work.

To do this, you can include in the power:

After the operation, dehydration should not be allowed, so women should drink plenty of fluids (green tea, fruit drink, compote, decoctions of medicinal plants). Coffee can be replaced with chicory.

You can eat in small portions 6-7 times a day. To keep the weight the same, you can reduce the portion size. Weight will remain normal if you follow a diet for 2 to 4 months after surgery.

Impact of hysterectomy on sex life

Despite the generally accepted belief, the removal of the uterus and ovaries does not significantly affect sexual life.

Women are very worried that they lose their sexual attractiveness and can even plunge into a depressive state.

Patients may well count on a full-fledged sex life and enjoyment of sexual intercourse. From such a surgical intervention does not change the ability to have orgasms.

Doctors recommend abstaining from sex for 7-8 weeks after surgery. After this time, sexual intercourse will no longer cause unpleasant and painful sensations. But at first, it is better to use a lubricant, since the operation leads to increased dryness of the vagina.