Antiseptic liquids for external use. Medical antiseptic solution

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Chemical antiseptic preparations are used in therapeutic and prophylactic actions to destroy microbes and viruses in the wound.

Antiseptics act on microorganisms with bactericidal and bacteriostatic substances. For the treatment of the wound surface, such drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on the microflora, but do not affect human cells and tissues.

Basic drugs

Even the smallest scratches, abrasions, cuts need to be treated. Wounds that were treated immediately after injury or in the first 2 hours heal faster than untreated ones.

It is necessary to process both deep wounds and minor ones. Any splinter, puncture, abrasion can serve as an entrance gate for the penetration of microorganisms. It is also necessary to treat open fractures, burns, frostbite, especially if earth, sand, pieces of clothing, glass and more get into the wound surface.

Antiseptics for the treatment of wounds and surrounding tissues affect bacterial, fungal, viral and mixed microflora. In addition, they act on anaerobic microbes, tubercle bacillus, and other microorganisms.

The most common antiseptics can speed up or slow down wound healing, depending on what phase of the wound process they are used in. Therefore, each antiseptic solution, powder, spray has a certain role for proper use. Next, consider a list of the main antiseptics for treating wounds.

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide or peroxide, chemical formula H2O2, has an antiseptic, that is, a disinfecting effect. In medical practice, a 3% solution is used to treat wounds.

When interacting with the enzyme peroxidase, complex compounds are formed, as a result of the reaction a large amount of foam is released.

The resulting foamy liquid has the following effect in the wound:

Softens blood clots;
Washes out purulent contents;
Removes dead cells;
Separates damaged tissues from the living surface.

Shallow and small wounds are not treated with peroxide, since this remedy can not only affect microorganisms, but also living cells.

A softened wound heals more slowly, and scars form after healing. For high-quality treatment of complex, deep, especially purulent wounds, hydrogen peroxide has a great advantage over other antiseptics.

Furacilin

The tool is used for external antibacterial treatment of the wound surface. Furacilin is used for frostbite and burns, for disinfection of small abrasions and cracks, as well as for softening old dried bandages.

There are several forms of release of furacilin:

Alcoholic 0.067% solution;
Aqueous 0.02% solution;

Furacilin tablets - contains Nitrofural 20 mg;
Furacilin 0.2% ointment;
Furacilin paste.

All forms of release change only outwardly. The drug acts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa. Some pathogenic microorganisms become resistant to Nitrofural.

Ethanol

A single-component antiseptic agent is used in a 70% concentration. It is used to treat the edges of the wound or postoperative sutures; the wound itself, as well as the mucous membranes, cannot be treated with alcohol.

The microbial activity of ethyl alcohol is widely used for disinfection of the surgeon's hands, medical instruments, and for the storage of suture material.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

The tool is used to remove pathogenic microflora, it is used externally to treat wounds, to impregnate antiseptic wipes, they treat the operating field and the hands of medical staff before surgery.

Also, the drug is used to prevent infectious processes in the period after surgery. When applied to the surface of pain does not occur.

Miramistin

The drug is used to provide first aid for non-extensive and shallow injuries without critical blood loss to prevent infection from entering the wound.

Miramistin does not cause allergic reactions, it can be used for skin lesions, as well as for wounds of the mucous membranes.

The drug disinfects well, destroys various viruses and bacteria, prevents inflammation, purulent processes, wound healing is faster.

Potassium permanganate solution

The drug is a dark crystals of potassium permanganate. For the treatment of wounds, an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is used. To do this, a small amount of crystals is dissolved in warm water until a light pink hue is obtained.

The resulting solution must be filtered through several layers of gauze to remove undissolved crystals.

The edges of the wound and the circumference around are treated with the finished product, excluding contact with the wound surface. At home, a light pink solution of potassium permanganate is most often used to soak and remove dried bandages.

Alcohol solution of iodine

The solution contains molecular iodine in its composition, the concentration of the active substance is 5%. Designed for external use, they treat the edges of the damaged area, as well as postoperative sutures. In addition to bacteriological, the agent has a cauterizing and tanning effect.

The solution cannot be used to treat open areas, only the skin around the wound is treated to prevent infection.

Iodine solution should not be used:

With thermal burns;
With frostbite;
For the treatment of chemical damage to the skin.

Wiping the damaged area with a solution causes discomfort; currently, WHO recommends Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, or their analogues for use. They do not cause pain during lubrication and burns after application.

Zelenka

This drug is used for open wounds and closed skin lesions.

Zelenka or brilliant green is available as a 1% or 2% solution:

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry offers green in the form of a marker, which makes it easy to apply the agent to the skin and treat the injury site with precision. Bactericidal plasters are also produced, containing impregnation of the solution in a small concentration.

Fukortsin

Fukortsin's solution has a fungicidal and antimicrobial effect. The drug contains boric acid, resorcinol, acetone, phenol is used as an auxiliary agent.

The red cherry color of the product is due to the presence of a synthetic dye fuchsin. Often the drug is called Castellani paint.

Fucorcin solution is used:

For the treatment of superficial wounds;
For the treatment of fungal wounds, erosion;
To prevent infection of cracks, scratches;
With pustular skin lesions.

With a herpes infection, the antiseptic Fukortsin dries and disinfects the surface, and also prevents the further spread of the virus, accelerates wound healing after the bubbles disappear.

So that the solution does not cause overdrying and tightening of the skin, after the antiseptic has dried, ointments or creams are additionally used to moisturize the skin.

Spray-antiseptic for wounds

Antiseptics in the form of aerosols deserve special attention. Spray antiseptic for wounds is more convenient to use, as it does not come into contact with the injured area. Antiseptics in the form of a spray are actively used to treat burn wounds.

The names of the most popular and effective antiseptic sprays:

Antiseptics in powder form

An antiseptic in the form of a powder is used to treat superficial purulent wounds, bedsores, skin ulcers. They have astringent, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal actions, the dry form relieves swelling, reduces the amount of mucus, dries, and prevents the formation of purulent secretions.

It is not very convenient to use drugs in powder form, therefore, in pharmacies, pastes, ointments, solutions, and compresses are prepared on their basis for application to the skin. These antiseptics include: Collargol, Ethacridine, Protargol, Resorcinol, Phenol.

Pure powder is used in the form of powders only for the treatment of purulent wounds.

Solutions and ointments based on powders in small concentrations of 0.2-2% have an epithelizing effect, in the form of lotions and compresses they are applied to weeping foci to regenerate and eliminate the inflammatory process.

At higher concentrations, 5-10% solutions, ointments have a keratolytic and cauterizing effect..

Contraindications to the use of powder products are deep wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions and intolerance to the components of the drug.

Treatment of an open wound with antiseptic solutions is included in the list of first aid measures and largely affects subsequent healing. Antiseptics for cuts, punctures and scratches help to remove possible contamination and pathogenic organisms. This ensures the prevention of purulent infections, which lead to various complications and significantly lengthen the recovery period.

Photo 1. Antiseptics are needed to destroy microbes on damaged skin. Source: Flickr (Quinn Dombrowski).

General rules for the treatment of wounds

With extensive or deep injuries of the skin, you need to seek professional medical help, but a small wound can be treated on your own. In such a case, there should always be several antiseptics in the home medicine cabinet. In addition, it is imperative to follow sequence and processing rules:

At first wound Necessarily washed with water, if possible - with soap. Soapy water in itself is a good antiseptic, especially for minor cuts.
In the second step, the appropriate antiseptic solution. Which one is suitable depends on the nature and location of the damage. For example, alcohol products on mucous membranes and delicate skin (near the eyes) cannot be used.
Third step - overlay to prevent pathogenic microbes from entering the wound.

If the wound is small, there is usually no need to take any additional measures, since it quickly heals itself. It is better to show deep damage to a specialist: you may need preventive and therapeutic agents for healing.

Antiseptics and medicines for wound treatment

The choice of antiseptics in pharmacy chains is very large. When buying a drug in a home medicine cabinet, you should consider its effectiveness and safety. In addition, all antiseptics are divided into 2 large groups: alcohol based and water based. Alcohol makes the solution more effective, but the aqueous solution does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, so it is advisable to always have two products on hand.

Zelenka

Or brilliant green - the most famous antiseptic, which is a solution of dyes in alcohol.

For disinfection of wounds, it can be used literally from birth, for example, the treatment of an umbilical wound in a maternity hospital is carried out using brilliant green. Means efficient and very affordable.

Care must be taken that the product does not get on the wound surface, so as not to provoke a burn or intoxication. Regularly, until granulations appear in it, signaling the beginning of healing.

Contraindications are limited only by individual intolerance.

Iodine

Another one, which is the chemical element iodine dissolved in alcohol. It has antimicrobial activity against many pathogens and effectively prevents the development of infection.

Like brilliant green, iodine only the edges of the damage need to be processed.

The remedy should not be abused - it can provoke a chemical burn with frequent application and getting into the wound itself, this is fraught with prolonged healing of the wound surface due to burns and the formation of scars. Contraindicated in pregnant women, as well as in persons with kidney disease, pyoderma, acne, furunculosis, tuberculosis.

Photo 2. You need to use iodine carefully, applying it to the edges of the wounds. Source: Flickr (Kenga86).

Hydrogen peroxide

Excellent first aid treatment for wounds allows you to wash the wound surface and mucous membranes without fear of irritation.

In addition, when it comes into contact with biological fluids, it foams, thus washing away all impurities and already dead cells. When purchasing a drug in a pharmacy, it should be borne in mind that only 3% solution is used to treat wounds. More concentrated (6%) irritates tissues and is intended exclusively for the sterilization of medical instruments.

Note! It is contraindicated to use peroxide to disinfect already healing wounds, since it negatively affects the emerging scar, destroying young epithelial cells.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

An aqueous solution of chlorhexidine with an active ingredient concentration of 0.5% has bactericidal activity against viruses, pathogenic bacteria and some fungi.

Used not only for primary treatment of the entire wound surface, but also at the healing stage, accelerating it, as well as for the treatment of purulent wounds.

It has no contraindications, it is a component of various topical antimicrobial agents (gels, suppositories).

Miramistin

The most effective antimicrobial agent, used not only for the treatment of wounds.

An aqueous solution containing 0.01% of the active substance, destroys almost all pathogenic bacteria(including highly resistant nosocomial strains), various viruses and mushrooms.

The drug is completely non-toxic, therefore it is not contraindicated even for pregnant women and children. When used, it does not cause discomfort. Effective in the treatment of purulent wounds, promotes tissue regeneration.

Potassium permanganate

Until recently, it was freely sold in pharmacies, and the solution had to be prepared independently by adding a few crystals to the water.

Now a ready-made product is being sold, which is used for washing and treating wounds.

It is important! Requires special care in use, because it is not combined with some drugs. For example, in combination with peroxide, it causes severe chemical burns.

The bactericidal effect is present only before the evaporation of the solution, therefore after drying, it is recommended to additionally apply other antiseptics to protect against infection.

Povidone-iodine

The active substance is active iodine bound by polyvinylpyrrolidone, which provides more mild antiseptic action.

In a regular solution, iodine is very active and has many contraindications, and PVP makes it safe. It does not contain alcohol, it is available in the form of a 10% aqueous or 7.5% foaming solution, as well as suppositories and ointments.

shown for complete treatment of aseptic and purulent wounds, and extensive - only at the edges. The limitation is associated with the ability to penetrate through the wound surface into the bloodstream and have a systemic effect. Contraindicated in diseases of the thyroid gland.

Fukortsin

The composition of the alcohol solution includes such active compounds as

phenol, which has a bactericidal effect;
boric acid is a weak antiseptic;
resorcinol is an antifungal and antimicrobial agent;
fuchsin - a dye with an antistaphylococcal effect;
acetone as a solvent.

The wound is treated with fucorcin several times a day with a cotton swab, while the irritating effect of the antiseptic is briefly manifested - a burning sensation is felt.

Active against fungi and bacteria.

Note! Pregnant and lactating drug is contraindicated due to the content of phenol and resorcinol, which have class 2 toxicity.

Trade name

International name

Ethanol (Ethanol)

Group affiliation

Antiseptic

Description of the active ingredient

Dosage form

Solution for external use [alcohol], solution for external use and preparation of dosage forms

pharmachologic effect

An antimicrobial agent, when applied topically, has an antiseptic effect (denatures the proteins of microorganisms). Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses. Antiseptic activity increases with increasing ethanol concentration. For skin disinfection, a 70% solution is used that penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis better than 95%, which has a tanning effect on the skin and mucous membranes. When administered systemically, it has the ability to cause analgesia and general anesthesia. It is a solvent for a number of drugs, as well as an extractant for a number of substances contained in medicinal plant materials.

Indications

Treatment of the initial stages of diseases: furuncle, panaritium, mastitis; treatment of the surgeon's hands (methods of Furbringer, Alfred), the surgical field (including in persons with hypersensitivity to other antiseptics, in children and during operations on areas with thin skin in adults - neck, face). Conservation of biological material, production of dosage forms for external use, tinctures, extracts. As a local irritant drug.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Side effects

Allergic reactions, skin burns, hyperemia and soreness of the skin at the site of application of the compress. When applied topically, it is partially absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and may have a resorptive general toxic effect (CNS depression).

Methods of application and doses

Outwardly, in the form of lotions. For processing the surgical field and preoperative disinfection of the surgeon's hands, a 70% solution is used, for compresses and rubdowns (to avoid burns), it is recommended to use a 40% solution. A 95% solution should be diluted to the required concentration and used as directed. As an irritating drug - in the form of rubdowns and compresses. Inside used in accordance with the instructions for medical use of dosage forms prepared on the basis of ethanol.

LP-005831

Trade name:

Medical antiseptic solution

International non-proprietary or grouping name:

Dosage form:

concentrate for the preparation of a solution for external use

Compound:

Active substance:
ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 95% - 100.0 ml.

Description:

a clear, colorless mobile liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

antiseptic

ATC code:

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
An antimicrobial agent, when applied externally, has an antiseptic effect (denatures the proteins of microorganisms). Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses. Antiseptic activity increases with increasing ethanol concentration.
For skin disinfection, a 70% solution is used, which penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis better than a 95% solution, which has a tanning effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
Pharmacokinetics
When applied externally, it is absorbed from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes into the systemic circulation. It is metabolized in the liver with the participation of the CYP2E1 isoenzyme, of which it is an inducer.

Indications for use

It is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in the treatment of the initial stages of diseases (furuncle, panaritium, mastitis); when treating the surgeon's hands (the methods of Furbringer, Alfred), the surgical field (including in persons with hypersensitivity to other antiseptics, in children and during operations on areas with thin skin in adults - neck, face).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Carefully

Pregnancy, breastfeeding period, children's age.

Use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding

Special studies of the use of the drug during pregnancy and during breastfeeding have not been conducted. During pregnancy and during breastfeeding, it is used only if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and child.

Dosage and administration

Outwardly, in the form of lotions, compresses, rubdowns.
For processing the surgical field and preoperative disinfection of the surgeon's hands, a 70% solution is used, for compresses and rubdowns (to avoid burns), it is recommended to use a 40% solution.
A 95% solution should be diluted to the required concentration and used as directed.

Side effect

Allergic reactions, skin burns, hyperemia and soreness of the skin at the site of application of the compress.
When applied externally, it is partially absorbed through the skin and may have a resorptive general toxic effect (depression of the central nervous system).

Overdose

It causes characteristic alcoholic excitation, in large doses it depresses the functions of the central nervous system.

Interaction with other drugs

When used simultaneously with topical preparations that contain organic compounds, it can cause denaturation of protein components.

special instructions

When applied topically, ethanol is partially absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, which must be taken into account when using it in children, pregnant women and during lactation.
Do not use near open flame.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles, mechanisms

The drug, used as a solution for external use, does not affect the ability to drive vehicles or engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions. With prolonged use in large doses, absorption of the drug into the systemic circulation is possible, which must be taken into account when managing transport and mechanisms. Release form

Concentrate for the preparation of a solution for external use 95%.
100 ml in orange glass bottles, sealed with perforated aluminum caps. A self-adhesive label is attached to each bottle. Each bottle, along with instructions for use, is placed in a cardboard box.
40 bottles with an equal number of instructions for use are placed in a corrugated cardboard box (for hospitals).
5.0, 10.0 and 21.5 liters each in polyethylene canisters made of low pressure polyethylene. Each canister is supplied with instructions for use (for hospitals).

Best before date

5 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C, in a well-closed container, away from fire.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Holiday conditions

Released by prescription.

Marketing Authorization Holder / Consumer Claims Receiver

Alliance LLC, 192019, St. Petersburg, st. 2nd Luch, 13, room 13

Manufacturer

LLC Armavir Interdistrict Pharmacy Base.

Production locations:
1) 352900, Krasnodar Territory, Armavir, st. Tunnelnaya, 24
2) 174360, Novgorod region, Okulovsky municipal district, urban settlement Uglovskoye, village Berezovka, str. 75 A.

The use of antiseptic solutions can be prophylactic or therapeutic. Their main task is to have a detrimental effect on most microorganisms without harming healthy tissues.

Without antiseptics, all efforts to treat and care for sick patients come to naught. The mechanism of action of these drugs is based on several principles: violation of oxidative processes, protein denaturation and dehydration directly in the cells of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibition of their enzymatic activity. Thus, the main goal is achieved - bacteria, fungi, viruses die or freeze in their development and reproduction.

Any antiseptic substance must meet several important requirements:

Combine antimicrobial activity and harmlessness to human tissues.
The action must be preserved in all liquid media (blood, pus) and spread in relation to bacteria, bacilli, protozoa and fungi.
During storage, their pharmacological activity should remain unchanged.

In practical medicine, antiseptics with a wide and narrow spectrum of effects are used.

Applications for compounds:

Disinfectants for instruments, rooms, equipment for patient care.
External antiseptics for skin, wounds, cavities, mucous membranes.
Chemotherapeutic agents for oral administration. Participate in the resorption of toxicants, prevent the growth and development of pathogens in the foci.

Groups

The degree of activity of any liquid antiseptic depends on the concentration of the main active ingredient in it and the level of sensitivity of the pathogenic microorganism to it. Medical practice uses liquid dosage forms of 10 groups:

Halides - alcohol, aqueous iodine solutions. They are used as antiseptics for the primary treatment of the skin.
Heavy metal salts - sublimate, mercury oxycyanide, silver nitrate, zinc oxide. They are used for disinfection of medical instruments, linen.
Alcohols, aldehydes (Formalin, Lysol). Used for preoperative treatment and disinfection of intact skin.

Dyes - solutions of Brilliant green, Methylene blue, Fukortsin. External means for pyoderma, minor damage to the skin.
Acids - boric, salicylic. In solutions, they act as antimicrobial, locally irritating and distracting components. Used for rinsing, washing, irrigation, douching.
Oxidizing agents - water peroxide, potassium permanganate. They are used for disinfection of purulent-aseptic wounds.
Cationic soaps - Chlorhexidine, Miramistin.
Uroantiseptics - Nitrofural, Furazidin, Furazolidone. Scope of application: urinary tract infections.
Solutions based on nitromidazole (Metronidazole).
Means on vegetable raw materials - St. John's wort, calendula flowers, chamomile, lingonberry leaves, bearberry.

Antiseptic solutions are used not only in medical institutions, but also at home. They serve as an effective adjuvant in the treatment of purulent inflammation.

To the home medicine cabinet

The ability of liquid forms of antiseptics to act on the pathogen without harm to the body is actively used for irrigation and washing of the nose and sinuses, for the treatment of the oropharynx, douching, and disinfection of skin areas.

Hydrogen peroxide

The simplest and most versatile liquid form for primary antiseptic treatment of wound surfaces.

It is also used to remove sulfur plugs, to remove pus with otitis media for turundas 0.5% solution (12 drops of 3% peroxide per 1 tablespoon of water).

For gargling with sore throat, the proportion is used: 1 part of 3% peroxide to 11 parts of boiled warm water

Furacilin solution

The dosage form is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria - the main pathogens of sinusitis, but is unstable in dissolved form. Therefore, it must be prepared immediately before the procedure according to the classic recipe from the Pharmacopoeia: the concentration of the main active ingredient is 1:5000, i.e., in one liter of purified boiled water at 40 ° C, 1 tablet of Furacilin (0.2 g) must be dissolved.

Chlorophyllipt

Antiseptic plant-based eucalyptus extract is approved for use in pediatric practice, pregnant and lactating women.

Dosage forms:

With intestinal dysbiosis and staphylococcal carriage, enemas with an alcohol solution of Chlorophyllipt are indicated at the rate of 20 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. To wash the nose and throat, you need to take 1 tbsp. l. and dissolve in 200 ml of water.

Miramistin

Wide range antiseptic with bactericidal, antiviral and antifungal effect. The drug is also active against pathogens of sexual infections.

Pharmachologic effect:

Prevents further infection.
Stimulates the protective properties of cells.
Activates the regeneration of affected tissues.
On the wound surface, it has the ability to absorb purulent exudate, relieves inflammation, does not damage granulations and stimulates epithelialization.

The solution is used for cleansing purulent wounds, for douching with genital infections, in the treatment of burns, pyoderma, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, inflammation of the oral cavity, nasopharynx.

Miramistin solution is applied topically by irrigation or applications.

The modern pharmaceutical market offers more than 250 combined antiseptics of various brands. When choosing a remedy, of course, it is necessary to focus on the recommendations of the attending physician, indications, contraindications and possible side effects. Prolonged, uncontrolled use of antiseptics can lead to undesirable consequences.