How the hormonal intrauterine device works: pros and cons of the IUD according to doctors. Contraception

Every woman has a moment when she thinks about becoming a mother. But for many girls, sexual life begins before they are ready for motherhood, and for family life in general. Especially in modern women, the planning of a child is postponed until the full realization of oneself in other areas of life.

Well, if a woman has already become a mother, and maybe more than once, then there are few who want to repeat this feat a dozen more times and give birth every year. That is why, since ancient times, people have adapted to not getting pregnant without desire. In order to deceive nature, unpretentious methods of contraception were invented (from the Latin word contraceptio - exception). They started with various essential oils, fruit juices, tampons, lotions, broken contact, cloth pouches (precursor to the condom) and so on.

As you can see, the spiral affects all the processes necessary for conception:

vitality and speed of movement of spermatozoa;
egg maturation and ovulation;
attachment of the fetal egg to the endometrium.

Pros and cons of using intrauterine devices

Advantages of the IUD	Disadvantages of the Navy
Convenient to use, the spiral is set for a period of 3 to 10 years or more. It does not require daily procedures, special hygiene care and drinking pills by the hour. In a word, for a long time you can not think about contraception at all and not be afraid of an unwanted pregnancy, but enjoy your sexual relationships.	Not suitable for all women, as it has a number of contraindications. For some women, the spiral does not take root.
High Efficiency Method: pregnancy occurs in only 2 out of 100 cases. Inert spirals give lower efficiency, and when using hormonal intrauterine systems, the risk of getting pregnant is reduced to zero.	Yet there is a risk of unplanned pregnancy with a spiral. In addition, the spiral may fall out and the woman may not notice it. But only the removal of appendages or ligation of the fallopian tubes and a complete renunciation of sexual activity gives a 100% result.
Preservation of childbearing function immediately after removal of the IUD.	From the use of non-hormonal spirals, it is recommended to refrain from young and nulliparous women., since as a side effect, inflammatory changes in the endometrium of the uterus and appendages may develop, reducing the chances of becoming pregnant in the future.
Does not affect the quality of sexual life, that is, sexual attraction, sexual intercourse for both partners and orgasm.	An IUD can cause painful and heavy periods. While hormonal spirals, on the contrary, solve the problems of painful periods. But gestogen spirals can lead to the absence of menstruation, which also negatively affects women's health.
Low cost. At first glance, it may seem that some types of spirals are an expensive pleasure. But given the long period of use, this method will be much more economical than those that require application during each sexual intercourse, daily and monthly.	Possible side effects from the use of spirals, unfortunately, their development is not uncommon.
IUDs can be used after childbirth during lactation when oral hormonal agents are contraindicated.	Increases the risk of developing inflammatory processes genitals, also the spiral does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Additionally for hormonal intrauterine systems: can be used for women of any age; are used not only for contraception, but also in the treatment of certain gynecological diseases (fibroids, endometriosis, painful menstruation, uterine bleeding, etc.).	Increases the risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy. The use of hormonal coils significantly reduces the risk of pathological pregnancy.
	The procedure for inserting an IUD requires a trip to the gynecologist's appointment, brings discomfort and pain, in nulliparous women, the pain syndrome is especially pronounced, sometimes local anesthesia is required.

Indications for the installation of an intrauterine device

1. Temporary or permanent prevention of unwanted pregnancies, especially if the family already has children. Intrauterine devices are ideal for women who have given birth and have a single sexual partner, that is, for those who have a very low risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.
2. Frequent unwanted pregnancies, ineffectiveness or inattention of a woman in the use of other contraceptives.
3. Prevention of pregnancy after childbirth, especially cesarean section, after medical abortions or spontaneous miscarriages, when the onset of the next pregnancy is temporarily not desirable.
4. A woman has temporary or permanent contraindications to pregnancy.
5. The presence in the family history of genetic pathologies that a woman does not want to inherit (hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome and many others),
6. For hormonal intrauterine devices - some gynecological pathologies:

uterine fibroids, especially if it is accompanied by profuse spotting and uterine bleeding;
profuse painful periods;
estrogen replacement therapy at the onset of menopause or after removal of the appendages, in order to prevent the growth of the endometrium.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications to the use of all intrauterine devices

The presence of pregnancy at any time, suspicion of a possible pregnancy;
oncological pathologies of the genital organs, as well as breast cancer;
acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs: adnexitis, colpitis, endometritis, including postpartum, salpingitis and so on, including the presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
a history of ectopic pregnancies;
allergic reactions to the materials from which the spiral is made;
tuberculosis of the reproductive system;

Relative contraindications to the use of non-hormonal coils

if the woman does not yet have children;
a woman is sexually promiscuous and belongs to the risk group for contracting sexually transmitted diseases;
childhood and adolescence*;
the woman's age is over 65;
uterine bleeding and heavy painful periods;
anomalies in the development of the uterus (for example, a bicornuate uterus);
hematological diseases (anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia and others);
growths of the endometrium, endometriosis;
urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis - acute or exacerbation of a chronic course;
benign tumors of the uterus and appendages (submucosal fibroids and uterine fibroids);
prolapse of the intrauterine device or the development of side effects after the previous use of the device.

* Age restrictions are conditional, gynecologists usually do not offer young nulliparous women the use of intrauterine contraceptives, fearing harm. But, in principle, the spiral can be successfully installed at any childbearing age, followed by a successful pregnancy.

Relative contraindications to the use of hormonal intrauterine devices (systems):

cervical dysplasia;
anomalies in the development of the uterus;
urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis - acute or exacerbation of a chronic course;
fibromyoma of the uterus;
liver disease, liver failure;
severe cardiovascular pathologies: malignant arterial hypertension, condition after a stroke or heart attack, severe heart defects;
migraine;
decompensated (uncontrolled) diabetes mellitus;
thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities;
the woman's age is over 65 years.

When can I put a spiral after childbirth, caesarean section, abortion?

The intrauterine device can be placed already on the 3rd day after uncomplicated physiological childbirth. But usually gynecologists recommend waiting until the end of the discharge of lochia (on average 1-2 months). So it will be safer. After childbirth, the uterus recovers, so early insertion of the coil increases the risk of side effects and early rejection of the device. To start using the hormonal intrauterine system, you need to withstand 2 months after the birth of the baby, this is necessary not only for the complete restoration of the uterus, but also for the normalization of the hormonal background.

After a caesarean section, the spiral can be installed in the uterine cavity only after 3-6 months. It takes time for the postoperative scar to form.

After a medical termination of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), it is better to install the IUD within seven days after the start of the next period after the abortion. But the gynecologist may offer to install the spiral immediately after the abortion, without getting up from the gynecological chair. This is possible, but in this case, the risk of developing side effects of the intrauterine device associated with the complications of the abortion itself increases significantly. After a miscarriage, the decision on the appropriateness and safety of installing a spiral is made only by a doctor, he individually assesses the situation, analyzes the cause of spontaneous abortion, weighs the pros and cons. If it is necessary to use a spiral after a miscarriage, it is installed in the uterine cavity during the next menstruation.

Is an intrauterine device installed after the age of 40?

An intrauterine device can be used for any woman who is ovulating, has her menstrual cycle, and is likely to become pregnant. Hormonal intrauterine systems are also installed in the period after the onset of menopause to obtain a therapeutic effect. Therefore, 40 years is not a limitation for the use of the IUD. According to the instructions, IUDs are not recommended for women over 65 years of age, but this restriction appeared only due to insufficient research on the use of intrauterine devices at an older age.

How is an intrauterine device installed?

The intrauterine device is installed only by a gynecologist in a gynecological office. Before the introduction of the IUD, the doctor assesses the possibility and risk of side effects of using this contraceptive, explains to the woman about the possible reactions of the body to the introduction of one or another type of spiral. Before intrauterine contraceptives are installed, a woman needs to be examined to completely exclude a possible pregnancy and contraindications.

Desirable examination before installing an intrauterine device:

gynecological examination and palpation (palpation) of the mammary glands;
smear from the vagina, if necessary, sowing on the microflora;
cytological examination of smears from the cervix;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
in some cases, a pregnancy test or blood test to determine the level of hCG;
Ultrasound of the mammary glands (for women under the age of 40) or mammography (after 40 years).

Preparing for installation

Usually, special preparation for the introduction of the spiral is not required. If inflammatory diseases are detected, you will first need to undergo a course of appropriate therapy.

Immediately before the procedure, it is necessary to empty the bladder.

On what day of menstruation is it better to install an intrauterine device?

Intrauterine contraceptives are usually installed during menstruation or towards its end, that is, within 7 days from the onset of menstruation. The optimal time is 3-4 days. This is necessary in order not to miss the onset of pregnancy.

An intrauterine device can be installed as emergency contraception, that is, if a woman has had unprotected intercourse and suggests an unwanted pregnancy. In this case, the device is introduced in the period after ovulation, this can prevent the attachment of the fetal egg in 75% of cases.

Intrauterine device insertion technique

Any spiral packed in a vacuum package is sterile. You need to check the expiration date. The spiral must be opened immediately before installation, otherwise it loses its sterility and can no longer be used. The IUD is a one-time use device, its reuse is strictly prohibited.

In most cases, local anesthesia is not required. Cervical anesthetics can be used in nulliparous women and when placing hormonal intrauterine systems, as they are wider.

The insertion technique for different types of spirals may differ. The installation features of each spiral are described in detail in the device instructions.
1. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to fix the cervix.
2. The cervix is treated with disinfectants.
3. With the help of special forceps, the cervical canal (the canal in the cervix that connects the vagina with the uterus) is straightened, the cervix is opened.
4. A special probe is inserted through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity to accurately measure the length of the uterus.
5. If necessary, the cervix is anesthetized (for example, with lidocaine or novocaine). The introduction of the spiral itself begins after 4-5 minutes, when the anesthetic takes effect.
6. The spiral is introduced using a special conductor with a piston. A ring is set on it on a scale according to the size of the uterus, this is necessary in order not to damage its walls. Then a conductor with a spiral is inserted into the uterus. Having reached the corresponding mark, the doctor pulls the piston a little towards himself in order to open the shoulders of the spiral. After that, the spiral is moved directly to the wall of the fundus of the uterus. When the gynecologist is satisfied that the device is installed correctly, the guidewire is slowly and gently pulled out. When installing some spirals (for example, annular ones), the opening of the shoulders is not required, so the spiral is inserted to the wall of the uterine fundus, and then the conductor is simply pulled out.
7. The threads of the spiral are cut into the vagina at a distance of 2-3 cm from the cervix.
8. The procedure is over, it usually takes 5-10 minutes.

Does installing an intrauterine device hurt?

The procedure itself, of course, is unpleasant, brings some discomfort. But the pain felt is tolerable, it all depends on the woman's pain threshold. These sensations can be compared to painful menstruation. Abortion and childbirth are more painful.

After insertion of the intrauterine device

Ultrasound photo: Intrauterine device in the uterine cavity.

The uterus completely gets used to the IUD within a few months, so during this period there may be some changes in women's health, you need to listen to your body.
In some cases, a course of antibiotic therapy will be required after the introduction of the spiral, for example, if chlamydia is suspected, if there is another chronic infection of the genitourinary system.
Bloody spotting and pulling pains in the lower abdomen or in the back can be disturbing for 1 week after the introduction of the spiral. To relieve spasms, you can take No-shpu.
The hygienic regimen is normal, it is necessary to wash with intimate hygiene products twice a day.
You can have sex only 8-10 days after the installation of the intrauterine device.
For several months, you can not lift weights, engage in intense physical activity, overheat (sauna, bath, hot baths).
It is necessary to periodically probe the threads of the spiral, control their length, it should not change.
After 2 weeks, it is better to visit a gynecologist so that he can see if everything is fine.
Menstruation in the first months after the installation of the spiral can be painful and plentiful. Over time, menstruation normalizes.
When using hormonal intrauterine systems, after six months or several years, the disappearance of menstruation (amenorrhea) is possible. After the first loss of the cycle, pregnancy must be excluded. The menstrual cycle will be restored immediately after the removal of the spiral.
If you have any complaints, you should consult a doctor.
In the future, an examination by a gynecologist is necessary every 6-12 months, as for any healthy woman.

Can an intrauterine device fall out?

If the intrauterine device is not inserted correctly or if it does not take root, the intrauterine device may fall out. This must be followed. The most common prolapse of the IUD occurs during menstruation or after heavy physical exertion. Therefore, it is important to control whether the spiral threads are in place, inspect sanitary pads.

How long is the use of an intrauterine device?

The term for which intrauterine contraception is installed differs depending on the type of spiral.

Inert IUDs - usually installed for 2-3 years.
Copper spirals - up to 5 years.
Copper spirals with silver and gold - 7-10 years or more.
Hormonal intrauterine systems - up to 5 years.

The issue of premature removal of the spiral is decided by the gynecologist.

It is not recommended to use the IUD after the expiration date due to the risk of the spiral growing into the uterine tissue. Hormonal spirals lose their properties due to the depletion of the hormonal drug. This reduces the effectiveness of the intrauterine device, which can lead to an unplanned pregnancy.

Intrauterine devices (copper, hormonal): installation, principle of operation, efficiency (Pearl index), expiration date. How to check if the spiral is in place - video

Removal and replacement of the intrauterine device

Indication for IUD removal:

the period of use has expired, while the replacement of the intrauterine device is possible;
a woman is planning a pregnancy;
there were side effects from the use of an intrauterine device.

The removal procedure, as well as the introduction of an intrauterine device, can only be performed by a gynecologist in the condition of a gynecological office. The ideal time to remove the spiral is the first days of menstruation, during this period the cervix is \u200b\u200bsoft, which facilitates manipulation. In principle, the IUD can be removed at any time during the menstrual cycle.

Coil removal often does not require anesthesia, local anesthesia will be required when removing or replacing hormonal coils. The doctor fixes the cervix with a gynecological speculum, and then, using a special tool (forceps), grabs the spiral threads and carefully pulls out the device, while gently stretching the cervix.

Usually this procedure goes without difficulty, the woman experiences less pain than with the introduction of a spiral. But there are situations when the spiral is not so easy to pull out, then the doctor expands the cervical canal and facilitates the removal of the IUD. You can also face the problem of thread breakage, then the doctor inserts a special hook through the cervix, with which he removes the foreign body from the uterine cavity.

But there are situations when the doctor simply does not detect the thread of the spiral. The question arises, is there a spiral in the uterus at all? If yes, where is she? For this, a woman is offered to do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, if necessary, x-rays. Sometimes there are cases that the spiral is outside the uterine cavity (with perforation of its wall), then a laparoscopic operation is urgently needed to remove the foreign body.

Coil replacement intrauterine contraception can be carried out immediately after the removal of the old spiral, the risk of developing any complications does not increase.

Special instructions before removing and replacing the intrauterine device:

timely replacement of the IUD facilitates the procedure and guarantees continuous contraceptive action;
the procedure is best done during menstruation;
removing the coil during or before ovulation increases the risk of pregnancy;
before replacing the coil, other methods of contraception (condom, oral contraceptives or spermatocidal preparations) must be used 7 days in advance to prevent an unwanted pregnancy.

Possible side effects

The intrauterine device is a modern, convenient and effective method of contraception. But it is also a foreign body, to which our body can react with undesirable reactions. In most cases, intrauterine contraception is well tolerated, but some women may be intolerant to this method and develop side effects, some of which can have a very negative impact on health and lead to severe pathologies. To reduce the risk of developing these side effects will help the choice of the type of spiral suitable for this woman, a detailed assessment of contraindications to its introduction, its timely removal and, of course, sufficient professionalism of the gynecologist who will install this device in the uterine cavity.

Possible side effects and complications when using an intrauterine device

"Nulliparous cervix";
irritation of the autonomic nervous system;
increased emotionality of a woman;
the size of the intrauterine device does not match the size of the uterus.

Side effect	Reasons for development	How often does it occur?	Treatment of adverse reactions
Pain in the lower abdomen immediately after the insertion of the IUD	Often.	Anesthesia with local anesthetics of the cervix; the correct selection of the dimensions of the spiral.
Prolapse of the spiral from the uterine cavity or expulsion	Violation of the IUD installation technique; incorrect selection of the size of the spiral; features of a woman - the immunity of a foreign body.	Often.	Adhere to all the rules of the technique of insertion and selection of the size of the IUD; after expulsion, it is possible to replace the helix with another.
Painful and heavy periods	the first months after the introduction of the IUD with copper - a normal reaction; non-infectious inflammation, as a reaction to a foreign body; allergic reaction to copper; inflammation of the ovaries - adnexitis.	Up to 15%.	Removal of the spiral and replacement of the IUD with another type of contraception; replacement of a copper spiral with a hormonal intrauterine system, in which heavy menstruation does not occur; the appointment of antispasmodics (for example, No-shpy) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, indomethacin, nimesulide, and so on) or antibiotics.
Inflammation of the genital organs (colpitis, endometritis, salpingitis, adnexitis): unusual allocation from the vagina, often with an unpleasant odor; itching and burning in the vaginal area; possible bloody issues in the middle of the menstrual cycle; drawing pains in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region; violation of the menstrual cycle; fever and general malaise.	The spiral was installed in chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system; the spiral does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, but increases the risk of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases from the vagina to the uterus and appendages; non-infectious inflammation that develops as a reaction to a foreign body increases the risk of infectious inflammation caused by bacteria and fungi that are normally found in the bacterial microflora of the vagina.	Up to 1% of cases	Removing the spiral; appointment of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy, according to the results of laboratory diagnostics.
Severe uterine bleeding	Damage (perforation) of the walls of the uterus with a spiral during its installation or operation; the presence of uterine fibroids.	Very rarely	Removal of the spiral as a matter of urgency; emergency medical care.
Anemia: pallor of the skin; changes in the blood test; weakness.	Uterine bleeding; long and heavy periods for more than 6 cycles.	Very rarely.	Individually, it is possible to remove the spiral or replace it with a hormonal IUD; iron preparations (Aktiferrin, Totem and others), vitamins and nutritional correction.
Fibroids development	Damage to the endometrium during the introduction or operation of the spiral;	Rarely.	Removal of the coil or replacement with a hormonal IUD; taking hormonal contraceptives.
Risk of ectopic pregnancy	The inflammatory process, which the IUD can contribute to, in some cases leads to obstruction of the fallopian tubes; one of the effects of the spiral is the contraction and spasm of the smooth muscles of the fallopian tubes, which can cause abnormal pregnancy.	1:1000	Surgical treatment, removal of the fallopian tube.
Soreness during intercourse, difficulty in achieving orgasm.	Inflammatory process in the genitourinary system; incorrect position and / or size of the spiral in the uterus; allergic reaction to the components of the spiral; damage to the walls of the uterus; ovarian cysts.	Up to 2%.	Removal of the coil or replacement with a hormonal IUD.
The onset of pregnancy	The IUD is not 100% effective.	From 2 to 15%.	Individual approach.
Perforation (puncture) of the walls of the uterus: sharp pains in the lower abdomen; uterine bleeding; deterioration of the general condition, up to loss of consciousness.	Damage to the walls of the uterus during the introduction, operation and removal of the spiral. *Increase the risk of uterine perforation:* early postpartum period; scar on the uterus after caesarean section; anomalies in the development of the uterus;	Very rarely.	Surgical treatment and emergency medical care.
Ingrown spiral into the wall of the uterus	inflammatory process in the endometrium; use of the spiral beyond the recommended period.	Up to 1%.	Removal of the spiral through the cervix using special tools. Sometimes laparoscopic surgery may be required.
Copper intolerance or Wilson's disease	individual intolerance or allergy to copper.	Rarely.	Replacement with another type of contraception or hormonal intrauterine device.

Additional side effects from the use of a hormonal intrauterine system (associated with the hormone progestogen):

absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), after the removal of the spiral, the menstrual cycle is restored;
functional ovarian cysts (benign formations), hormone therapy with estrogen hormones will be required;

Intrauterine device (IUD): composition, action, indications, possible negative consequences from the use - video

Intrauterine device (IUD): mechanism of action, dangerous complications (therapist's opinion) - video

How can a pregnancy proceed with an intrauterine device?

Basic principles of pregnancy management with a spiral:

1. Difficulties arise with the diagnosis of pregnancy, the woman is confident in her contraception. And menstrual irregularities with IUDs are not uncommon, which leads to the fact that pregnancy can be diagnosed late, when abortion is already difficult. Therefore, it is very important to listen to your body and, with the slightest deviations, changes and hints of pregnancy, consult a doctor.
2. At the request of the woman, a medical abortion can be performed.
3. The spiral is not an indication for medical termination of pregnancy. The choice is up to the woman, because in most cases, pregnancy with a spiral proceeds normally and without complications. But still, the doctor must evaluate the possible risks of pregnancy and may recommend terminating it.
4. The IUD may be removed during pregnancy. The copper coil is often not removed as it does not affect fetal development. The hormonal spiral throughout pregnancy will release hormones that can lead to abnormalities in the development of the fetus. The gynecologist can remove the coil if its threads are preserved and it is removed from the uterus easily and without hindrance.
5. Such a pregnancy requires constant monitoring by doctors, regular monitoring of the ultrasound of the fetus is necessary.

Possible risks of pregnancy with an intrauterine device:

High risk of ectopic pregnancy, ultrasound monitoring is necessary.
Such a pregnancy can end in an early miscarriage, which is associated with the effect of the spiral on the endometrium, to which the fetal egg is attached.
The IUD can cause intrauterine infection of the fetus, as well as intrauterine growth retardation and pregnancy fading.
High risk of fetal malformations during pregnancy with a hormonal spiral.

How to choose a good intrauterine device? Which spiral is best?

"Which spiral to choose, copper or hormonal?" Here, a woman needs to choose between effectiveness and possible side effects. The hormonal coil has more possible side effects associated with the progestogen, but they are temporary and stop after a few months. And the contraceptive effect of using such a spiral is much higher. If a woman has fibroids, then the hormonal spiral is a method not only of contraception, but also of treatment. A copper coil with silver and, especially, with gold, has a higher efficiency than a conventional copper device, and the risk of side effects is lower, this is such a middle ground between a hormonal and a copper coil.

"And how much does an intrauterine device cost?" For many women, the issue of economy is of great importance and determines the choice of a spiral. Copper coils are much cheaper than hormonal systems. Also, spirals with silver and gold have a high cost.

"Which spiral is used longer?" The longest you can use spirals with silver and gold, up to 7-10 years or more. Hormonal spirals are usually used for no more than 5 years.

"Which spiral will not affect the next pregnancy?" Any spiral can lead to problems with future pregnancies, this is an ectopic pregnancy, and infertility due to the inflammatory process. The risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy during the use of the IUD is higher with hormonal coils due to the action of the progestogen. Copper spirals give a greater risk of complications in the form of inflammation of the uterus and appendages. When removing the IUD, ectopic pregnancy often occurs after the use of copper coils.

"Which spiral is painless?" During the installation and removal of the spiral, the woman experiences some pain. But this should not fundamentally affect the choice of the IUD. With the introduction of the hormonal system, these painful sensations are more pronounced, which is why local anesthesia is used. Local anesthesia can be carried out with the introduction of a copper spiral in women who are especially impressionable and emotional.

Overview of various modern intrauterine devices: Juno, Mirena, Goldlily, Multiload, Vector extra, spirals with gold and silver

Name

Description

Validity

Pregnancy and the birth of a baby is an important and significant event in the life of every woman, but it must be planned and desired. For those girls who are not yet ready to become mothers or already have children, the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is best suited as contraceptives. When used correctly, they are up to 98 percent effective. What are the types of intrauterine devices and how do they work? How much does such a tool cost and what is the price of its installation? These questions are asked by many women.

What is an intrauterine device and how does it work

An IUD is a special small device for effective prevention of pregnancy, which a gynecologist, using a guide, inserts into the uterine cavity through the vagina. This device is popular in modern medicine due to a number of advantages:

affordable price;
after removal of the product, the ability to bear children is quickly restored;
allowed to use during breastfeeding;
high efficiency of the remedy (pregnancy occurs only in 2% of cases);
hormonal balance is not disturbed;
long (from 3 to 10 years) period of application;
easy to install and remove;
does not bring discomfort and is not felt during intercourse;
there is no need to take oral contraceptives.

Depending on the type of intrauterine device, the principle of its operation is as follows:

Copper and other metals in the composition of the IUD have a detrimental effect on spermatozoa.
Promotes the release of viscous mucus, which prevents the movement of spermatozoa and the fertilization of the egg.
Hormone-containing spirals suppress ovulation.
If fertilization of the egg has occurred, then the VSM contributes to an increase in the contractile activity of the uterus, while the egg dies.

Composition classification

There is no one universal VCM suitable for all girls. Depending on the physiological state of the patient, the structural features of the uterus, the gynecologist chooses the optimal type of intrauterine devices. There are more than 50 varieties of contraceptive spirals on the modern market. Their creation and improvement took place in stages, so all types of IUDs are divided into 4 generations: inert, copper, silver and gold, hormone-containing. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

inert

An outdated version of intrauterine devices (invented about a century ago) belongs to the first generation. Inert IUDs are ineffective, have a high risk of displacement or loss, and therefore the use is prohibited in many countries. Representatives of this group are:

Plastic loop Lips, made in the shape of the letter S.
Mauch steel ring with two scrolls.
Double coil Saf-T-Coil.
Shield of Dalcon.

This second generation of vaginal coils is a small T-shaped or semi-oval device, the core of which is wrapped with copper wire. The tool is easy to install and remove. Due to the presence of copper in the uterine cavity, an acidic environment is created, which significantly slows down the activity of spermatozoa. Copper intrauterine contraceptives are installed for a period of 3-5 years. The most popular models are:

Multiload;
Nova T;
Juno Bio;
Para grand.

With silver

Any metal tends to oxidize and break down, therefore, in order to extend the life of the copper Navy, manufacturers began to use silver in its rod. At the same time, the spermatic effect is doubled, and silver ions, which have an antibacterial and disinfectant effect, have a beneficial effect on the woman's body. Intrauterine contraceptives containing pure silver or with copper are allowed to be introduced into the uterine cavity for 5-7 years.

Made of gold

As an alternative to silver and copper products, an improved version of gold was developed. The main advantages of the gold Navy are absolute biological compatibility with the female body, the absence of allergic reactions, and the resistance of gold to corrosion damage. Products of this type have anti-inflammatory properties and effectively protect against unwanted pregnancy. Golden spirals are installed for a long time - from 5 to 10 years. The ability of women to bear children, after their removal, remains normal.

The fourth generation of intrauterine devices include products containing hormones. According to doctors, this is the best contraceptive. Such a new generation IUD has the shape of the letter T, in the leg of which there is a hormonal drug (levonogrestrel, progesterone), which is evenly released in small doses into the uterine cavity. This contraception has no contraindications, since the hormone does not enter the bloodstream, but has only a local effect: it relieves inflammation, slows down ovulation, and prevents the fertilization of the egg. It is allowed to wear an IUD for 5-7 years.

Forms of contraceptive coils

It is impossible to say which Navy is better. Depending on the anatomical features of the uterus and the personal preferences of each woman, the shape of the contraceptive product is individually selected. Before choosing the ideal contraceptive and deciding to use it, you should consult with a gynecologist. Consider the main forms of intrauterine devices, how they look in the photo and their distinctive features.

T-shaped

The most popular type of intrauterine devices among women. They are easy to use and easy to install and remove. The T-shaped IUD has the form of a rod from which two flexible shoulders extend. With the help of hangers, the product is fixed in the uterine cavity. A special thread is attached to the end of the rod, which allows the doctor, if necessary, to easily remove the spiral from the uterus.

in the form of a ring

The ring-shaped intrauterine device is a modern method of contraception, which is recommended for patients who have had an abortion. This tool is made of plastic and contains gold, silver or copper. The product is securely attached to the uterus and is easily removed, so the presence of special strings attached to the contraceptive product is not necessary.

In the shape of a loop or umbrella

The outer edges of the umbrella-shaped spiral have protrusions in the form of spikes, due to which the product is securely fixed inside, this reduces the risk of its spontaneous loss. The contraceptive device in the form of an umbrella is used by women who have a non-standard structure of the uterus, which makes it impossible to install a T-shaped intrauterine device.

The most popular IUDs for contraception

Pharmacies offer a wide range of different means for protection. Contraceptive spirals are in particular demand among women all over the world. Depending on your financial capabilities and the characteristics of the body, the attending physician will determine which model is better to put on. Consider the most popular types of intrauterine devices, their photos and descriptions.

It is considered the most effective hormone-containing IUD. It has a T-shape, consists of a vertical membrane, inside which the hormone is located, and two horizontal hangers (attached to the uterus). The tool provides a high degree of protection against unwanted conception, suppresses the process of ovulation, reduces the risk of ectopic pregnancy, relieves inflammation of the female genital organs, and regulates the menstrual cycle. The cost of the product ranges from 7-10 thousand rubles, the validity period is 5-7 years.

Multiload

This spiral has the shape of an umbrella, on the side elements of which there are spike-like protrusions used for reliable fixation on the walls of the uterus. The leg of the spiral is wrapped with copper, which acts depressingly on spermatozoa and suppresses their ability to fertilize. Multiload is allowed to be installed by nulliparous girls. The cost of the spiral is from 3.5 thousand rubles.

Such an intrauterine device has a T-shape. The products are made of plastic and copper, in more expensive versions it is possible to add silver. Nova T adversely affects spermatozoa, slows down their movement and reduces the ability to fertilize an egg. The cost of the spiral is from 2 thousand rubles, the shelf life is up to 5 years.

The invention of Belarusian doctors. Pharmacies sell many varieties of Juno spirals. There are options for both women who have children and those who have not given birth. The cost of a contraceptive varies from 250 to 1000 rubles. We list the common types of contraceptive spirals of the Juno model:

Juno Bio-T is a budget option. Spiral in the form of an anchor, the core of which is covered with copper thread.
Juno Bio-T Super. Identical to the previous model, but has an antimicrobial composition.
Juno Bio Multi Ag. A T-shaped product, the leg of which is wrapped with copper and silver thread.
Juno Bio Multi. It has an F-shape with serrated edges. Suitable for use by women after childbirth or girls who have had an abortion.
Juno Bio-T Au. Expensive spiral, which contains gold. Designed for patients who are allergic to metals.

Where to buy and how much it costs to put a spiral

You can buy an intrauterine device in any pharmacies in your city or order it in specialized online catalogs. The cost of a vaginal contraceptive depends on many factors: model, material of manufacture, manufacturer, shape, presence or absence of side effects. Sale of intrauterine devices is carried out in the following retail outlets in Moscow:

"Lepharm". Customs Avenue, 9, building 8. Price 700-9000 rubles.
"Omega". st. Skobelevskaya, 25. Cost - 169-10000 rubles.
"Social Pharmacy". st. Dubninskaya, 44a. Price 200 -5000 r.

Online stores where you can order a spiral:

vsepessarii.ru. The cost is from 300 to 5500 rubles.
brief-med.ru. Price 250-6000 r.

In order to properly install the spiral, you need to contact an experienced gynecologist. In Moscow, there are many gynecological rooms where you will be provided with this service, but pay attention to such factors:

How many years has the clinic been in operation?
The experience of the gynecologist, and what are the reviews of patients about him.
Service cost.

The price for installing an intrauterine device in some clinics in Moscow is as follows:

LLC Medical clinic "NORMA", Nikitsky boulevard 12, building 3. Price - 2000-3000 rubles.
Gynecology Sikirina O.I., Bolshoi Demidovsky lane, 17/1. The cost of the service is 1500 rubles.
MEDICAL CENTER, st. Koktebelskaya, house 2, bldg. 1. Price - 2500-3500 rubles.
ON clinics. Tsvetnoy boulevard, house 30, building 2. Cost from 5000 rubles.

Video: doctors' opinion on the installation of an intrauterine device

IUD is a reliable method to prevent unplanned pregnancy. You can learn about the principle of operation of this contraceptive device by reading an article with instructions on the Internet, going to a consultation with a gynecologist, or watching the following video. How effective is the use of intrauterine devices, what are the possible consequences, how correctly and when to put it, TV presenter Elena Malysheva will tell.

Intrauterine spirals are considered one of the most effective means of modern contraception. Their reliability was recorded in 98% of cases. Modern industry produces a variety of types of these means of protection against unwanted pregnancy.

The intrauterine device can be of a diverse structure, level of rigidity, and the principle of operation. In each personal case, the doctor prescribes an individual form. Depending on the anatomical features of the patient, the studies performed.

In medical circles, there are discussions regarding the safety, reliability, justification for the use of this tool. The effectiveness of the use of this type of medication depends largely on both the health of the woman and the correctness of determining which IUD spiral is necessary for the patient.

Contraindications for the use of a spiral

Like any other contraceptive, this one also has a number of contraindications. Namely:

Any type of neoplasm;
Inflammatory pathologies in the body;
Deviation from the norm in the development of the uterus and its cervix.

And these are just the main, most common reasons why an IUD intrauterine device cannot be prescribed. In addition, she is appointed only in situations where the girl has one permanent and reliable sexual partner. This feature is due to the fact that the methods of contraceptives for women spiral increase the chances of any type of infection of the uterine cavity.

In addition, doctors draw attention to the fact that there is a real risk when the contraceptive may spontaneously fall out. And not always, a woman can determine this on her own. In such situations, there are very high chances of becoming pregnant unintentionally.

But at the same time, it should be noted that modern, improved models, for example, the Mirena type, have healing properties and are even prescribed specifically for therapeutic purposes for a number of gynecological ailments. The photos found on the Internet on request will help you visually familiarize yourself with it - pictures of the intrauterine spiral.

Positive properties of the IUD

As for the positive aspects of using this method of protection, among them:

Reliability;
Duration of effect (up to 5 years);
Shown to be used even when breastfeeding;
Fast recovery period of the body after extraction.

However, despite all the pros and cons, only an experienced gynecologist can prescribe this remedy for pregnancy after an individual examination and a series of tests.

What are the Navy?

This type of contraception is available in various types. They are: ring-shaped, spiral, T-shaped. The last type is the most common. To understand what each model looks like separately, it is best to look at the IUD spiral intrauterine photo.

Their composition may include hormones, metal alloys, which, together with the main function of protection, can perform a healing function. Most modern models have a T - shaped look (see photo). They have an improved design. In addition, this type of contraceptive is characterized by ease of use.

What an intrauterine device looks like is understandable. But which type is preferable? The impeccable recommendations of many doctors received hormonal types, as well as models with copper content.

The first type of spiral is the most reliable. As for the copper types, their popularity is due to the ease of insertion and removal, as well as the ability to produce an anti-inflammatory effect.

Video

Spiral against pregnancy: types and features

IUDs are mechanical contraceptives and are metallic or semi-metallic structures containing active substances that inhibit the activity of spermatozoa and change the endometrium of the uterus, preventing the attachment of a fertilized egg to it.

Types of IUDs are distinguished by the type of materials and their components from which they are made:

The first generation IUD - Lips Loop - is a type of neutral contraceptive made of polyethylene, has a spiral structure, comes in four sizes. At the moment, it is practically not used as a spiral from pregnancy, reviews of which indicate its low efficiency.
spiral from pregnancy photoMetal-containing intrauterine contraceptives - they are in the form of the letter T, the letter U, or in the form of a ring, made of a metal base coated with copper, silver, gold or platinum ions. These substances have bactericidal and contraceptive action. Such IUDs are most in demand, their period of use is from 1 to 5 years.
Medicamentous IUDs - containing steroid hormones - gestagen or levonogetrel. They have the form of T, are used for contraceptive purposes and for medicinal purposes. The term of use is 1-3 years.

You can buy a pregnancy spiral yourself, the quality reviews of which you liked, but this does not guarantee that this particular remedy will suit you in all respects.

When choosing spirals, the following factors are taken into account:

Age
Presence of children (number of births, their course, number of terminated pregnancies)
The state of the hormonal background
Features of sexual life (regular, irregular, number of partners)
Presence/absence of pathologies and chronic diseases.

During the consultation, the gynecologist must inform the woman that a pregnancy with a spiral is possible - the signs by which this can be determined are very specific and, if you are attentive to yourself, they are easy to notice.

Who can and cannot use a spiral from pregnancy

spiral from pregnancy photoCan only be used by women who have given birth.
The optimal age is from 30 years.
The presence of some hormonal problems is an indication.
Regular sex life with one regular partner.
Absence of inflammatory and erosive processes of the reproductive system.
Reluctance to get pregnant for 1, 3, 5, 8 years.

The installation of the Navy is on average designed for 3-5 years. It is not recommended to use a spiral for more than five years, but it is allowed. This is due to the possible ingrowth of the body of the spiral into the endometrium of the uterus.

The spiral from pregnancy, the sample photo of which is presented, has contraindications for installation.

IUDs are contraindicated in women who have not given birth, who have pathology of the genital organs, who have inflammatory and erosive processes, who have an irregular sexual life with many partners.

After installing the spiral, the profusion of menstruation and their duration may increase, aching pains may be observed before or after menstruation, accompanied by scant discharge. A man often feels the presence of antennae in the vagina, this sometimes causes discomfort.

How to install a spiral from pregnancy

The installation of the spiral is carried out by a gynecologist in a hospital stay. This process is carried out after the necessary examination and takes about 10-15 minutes.

Before deciding to insert an IUD, you must:

Conduct a study of a smear taken from the vagina for the presence of pathogenic microflora, a blood and urine test.
Pass a gynecological examination on an armchair using a gynecological mirror to study the state of the vaginal mucosa and cervical os in order to exclude possible diseases.
To exclude pregnancy with a spiral and the presence of erosive processes in the cervix and in the uterus, an ultrasound scan of the genital organs is required.
If any diseases or prerequisites for them are detected, undergo a course of treatment with antimicrobial, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by a doctor.

spiral from pregnancy photo

After the implementation of all necessary preventive and diagnostic measures, the patient will coordinate the day of the operation with the doctor.

As a rule, the introduction of the IUD is most safely and painlessly carried out on the 2nd-4th day of the menstrual cycle, when the pharynx of the cervical canal is naturally ajar and has a loose structure.

A spiral from pregnancy - a photo of it can be previewed in order to understand how it looks, it is installed on a gynecological chair.

The external genital organs are preliminarily treated with a disinfectant solution, then the doctor, using a gynecological speculum, examines and expands the entrance to the vagina.

In order for the spiral from pregnancy (reviews on the IUD can be studied for extensive information) to be noticeable during a routine examination, the device is equipped with elastic antennae that are removed from the cervix into the vagina. If necessary, a woman can independently check the presence of a contraceptive by feeling the antennae with her fingers.

Is it possible to get pregnant with a spiral

IUDs have a high level of effectiveness - 96-98%, their action is equivalent to hormonal contraceptive pills. Out of a hundred women who use a spiral, six have a chance of getting pregnant.

Until now, there is no explanation for the fact of fertilization in the presence of a spiral in the uterine cavity and there is no consensus on the advisability of terminating a pregnancy in this case.

pregnancy spiral photo

Despite the high level of contraception, pregnancy with a spiral is possible, the signs by which it can be determined are:

Drawing pains in the lower abdomen.
Prolonged absence of menstruation (when using non-hormonal IUDs).
Toxicosis, weakness, drowsiness.
Elevated rectal temperature - above 37 ° C.

With the help of ultrasound, fears can be confirmed or refuted. If the pregnancy is acceptable, the coil is immediately removed by the doctor.

Intrauterine device with copper.

In general, the pregnancy spiral reviews are mostly positive and most women have preferred only this contraceptive for many years.

Intrauterine devices - a reliable method of contraception for women

The use of an intrauterine device is the most popular type of contraceptive among women. Indeed, this is an extremely convenient method when planning a pregnancy.

Reliability in protection is 88-99%, depending on the type of spiral. The gynecologist selects individually for each patient the type of contraceptive suitable for her, based in her choice on the results of the examination.

Pros and cons of the intrauterine device

In the use of an intrauterine device for women, there are positive and negative points and, of course, the patient should be aware of them.

The positive aspects of these contraceptives include:

their efficiency and sufficient reliability;
do not require preparation for sexual intercourse and do not cause inconvenience during it;
almost complete absence of complications and side effects, in contrast to hormonal contraceptives taken in other forms;
liberation from the complexes that a woman experiences in fear of becoming pregnant;
when using the spiral, the woman's body does not lose the active substances that it receives with sperm;
long-term use of the intrauterine device - it is set for a period of three to ten years;
the possibility of using the method during breastfeeding, while the use of hormonal agents is highly undesirable, in order to avoid harm to the health of the child;
the intrauterine contraceptive does not affect future pregnancies in any way, and if you wish to conceive a child, the gynecologist removes the spiral from the woman;
intrauterine device - the most cost-effective method of contraception;
when the spiral is installed, it is not forbidden to take other medicines.

No matter how convenient such a contraceptive is, cases that are unpleasant for a woman’s health are also possible. The negative qualities of the spiral include:

the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy;
there is a possibility of a spiral falling out imperceptibly for a woman - this can happen from its incorrect type or size;
the possibility of infection with infectious diseases during accidental unprotected sexual intercourse is not ruled out, since the spiral leaves the uterine cavity ajar;
profuse painful menstruation is possible;
there is no certainty that the uterus will not be damaged during the installation of the spiral, or bleeding will not occur. It all depends on the qualifications of the doctor conducting this procedure.

To minimize the likelihood of negative consequences when using this method of contraception, certain conditions must be met:

the coil must be inserted in a clinical setting and by an experienced qualified gynecologist;
it is necessary to avoid unprotected sexual contacts with casual partners;
be sure to visit a specialist doctor at the end of the first menstruation after the introduction of the spiral. Further, follow the schedule of visits - once every six months.

Why is the human papillomavirus dangerous for the female body?

How to treat a paraovarian ovarian cyst and how dangerous is it to health? Read more in this article. From which you will also learn about possible complications and precautions.

The principle of operation of the intrauterine device

The action of the spirals is aimed at preventing the fertilization of the egg. Acting as a kind of foreign body, the contraceptive accelerates several times the passage of a fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes into the uterus, without reaching its full maturation. In addition, the spiral does not allow the embryo, even in the case of fertilization, to be implanted in the uterine mucosa.

The inclusion of individual materials or hormonal preparations in the composition of the spiral, in addition, significantly weakens the activity of spermatozoa, creates a mucous plug in the cervix, preventing their penetration inside.

The spiral can stimulate the occurrence of artificial aseptic inflammation of the endometrium, which is not dangerous for the health of a woman, but disrupts the process of ovulation and fertilization.

To understand what spirals are for women, you need to consider the types and their differences.

Currently, there are about fifty different types of this contraceptive, which have different shapes, are made of different materials, each act according to its own principle, and differ in size.

The most common coils currently in use are S-shaped, ring-shaped, or T-shaped. They can be made of polyethylene or nylon with the addition of copper, silver or gold plate or wire.

Intrauterine devices can also be divided according to the following criteria:

Spirals of the first generation are non-drug, polymeric, which do not contain any inclusions. Their reliability is 97%;
Second-generation contraceptives are considered spirals that contain copper. They are divided into two categories - for women who already have children and for those who have not yet given birth. Their reliability is estimated at 99.7%. Under the toxic effect of copper ions, spermatozoa die without fertilizing the egg; There are combined models of copper-containing intrauterine devices with silver and gold - these additives increase% reliability, but can increase menstrual bleeding.
Hormone-containing spirals became the means of contraception of the third generation. This combination of intrauterine and hormonal contraception has today the highest reliability index of 99.9%. Its advantage is the therapeutic effect of menstrual pain, endometrial hyperplasia, the initial development of adenoma, etc.; Of all the means of the third generation, the Mirena hormonal intrauterine device is distinguished as the most effective and convenient. It has a T-shape, a reservoir is installed around the central rod, which is covered with a polydimethylsiloxane membrane that regulates the frequency of hormone release into the uterus.
In a separate line, you can highlight the intrauterine gold spiral. This natural contraceptive is perfectly combined with human tissues, it is not rejected by the body, it has not only a contraceptive effect, but also an anti-inflammatory effect. Its only drawback is the high price.

The intrauterine device, by medical standards, has its own indications and contraindications, since they, especially representatives of the third generation, are perceived differently by the body.

Indications for use

For some groups of women, the introduction of a spiral is simply necessary, for a number of serious reasons:

the presence of contraindications to other contraceptive medications;
contraindications to pregnancy for a number of diseases of a woman;
contraindications to pregnancy due to genetic diseases of the spouse.

Contraindications

hypoplasia of the uterus;

How to put a spiral from pregnancy

After childbirth, abortion, the female spiral from pregnancy is inserted three months later into the uterine cavity. The procedure should only be carried out by a gynecologist. The principle of operation of the spiral from pregnancy is quite simple: it does not allow the fetal egg to gain a foothold in the uterus.

The procedure itself does not cause any discomfort to the woman, about the duration is about ten minutes. Sometimes local anesthesia is required for the manipulation.

After a month, the patient should come to the doctor, who will make an examination and make sure that the coil is installed correctly. After that, you can live sexually without worrying about an unplanned pregnancy. For preventive examinations, it is enough to visit a doctor about once every six months.

The spiral can be inserted at any period, but the best period for establishing this contraceptive is the fourth to eighth day of menstruation. It is better to do this at this time because pregnancy is theoretically impossible these days, and the uterine mucosa is not so vulnerable, while the cervical canal is ajar, so the spiral is inserted almost painlessly.

A woman does not experience discomfort during intercourse. Very rarely, men feel the ends of the threads. If this causes inconvenience, the patient can go to the doctor. The specialist will shorten the threads quickly and painlessly.

The efficiency of this method is very high and is almost 100 percent. The service life of the spiral is from two to five years. Many people think that after its removal there will no longer be the ability to conceive. Yes, this happens, but very rarely. This is mainly due to an incorrectly performed procedure for the introduction of a spiral. Here is another reason why it is necessary to approach the issue of choosing a gynecologist especially carefully.

Kinds

Outwardly, spirals of different types are similar to each other. Their shape is the letter T. As mentioned above, a thin copper or silver (less often) wire is wound on the base. The plastic base is made with the addition of barium sulfate, so that it would be possible to obtain data on the location of the intrauterine device with x-rays.

There are two types of pregnancy coils: those containing metals and those containing hormones. In the first case, the leg of the spiral is braided with copper. In the second, a coil with synthetic hormones affects the level of viscosity of the uterine mucus and changes the adhesive properties of the mucosa. This prevents the fertilized egg from attaching to the walls of the uterus.

What else should you know

The pregnancy spiral is recommended for women who have a permanent sexual partner: this contraceptive does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Before placing it, the specialist must make sure that there are no contraindications. The patient must pass all the necessary tests, undergo an ultrasound of the uterus. The procedure should take place only in specialized institutions.

It is important to understand that due to the spiral, the duration of the menstrual cycle may increase. If this causes inconvenience to the woman, the doctor prescribes special hemostatic drugs that eliminate various unpleasant sensations. If this does not help, it is better to carry out a procedure to remove the spiral.

A woman may have pain in the lower abdomen, and bleeding may also begin. This usually occurs in nulliparous women in the first time after the procedure. There are cases (1-2 percent) when this contraceptive drops out of the uterine cavity.

Contraindications and side effects

There are contraindications in which it is impossible to carry out the procedure in any case:

pregnancy;
genital cancer, etc.

If you do not know how to choose a spiral from pregnancy, you should consult a doctor who, based on your analyzes and research, will select the most suitable option for you. It will also take into account the budget that you can allocate for the purchase of funds. So, he will tell you which pregnancy spiral is best and suits you the most.

It should also be mentioned about the side effects that the spiral from pregnancy has:

bleeding;

Of all today, the intrauterine device is perhaps the most effective option. The reliability of this method according to the latest data is 99%! Such a high rate has not been beaten by any other method of contraception. And numerous positive reviews about the intrauterine device speak only in its favor.

The intrauterine device is a miniature device that is made of polyethylene with the addition of barium sulfate. The last component provides the possibility of X-ray control. Next, let's try to figure out which intrauterine device is better.

Types of intrauterine devices

Basically, there are the following types of intrauterine devices:

Copper-containing;
Gold-bearing;
Silver-containing;
hormone-containing (levonorgistrel).

If we judge which intrauterine device is better, then we can say with confidence that the last type of this contraceptive should be chosen. He is the most reliable. In addition to the mechanism of action of the spiral, the effect of hormonal contraceptives is added. One such intrauterine device is the Jaydes system.

How does an intrauterine device work

How the intrauterine device works can be understood from the following facts:

Spirals affect the ability of spermatozoa to pass through the uterine cavity;
They act on the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes;
Spirals prevent implantation (attachment of the ovum to the wall of the uterus).

Intrauterine device pros and cons

As most of the positive reviews about the spiral from pregnancy testify, its main advantages are:

High efficiency and reliability;
Acts immediately after administration;
Not directly related to sexual intercourse;
Does not affect breastfeeding;
Does not interact with any medications;
Examination by a doctor (if there are no complaints) is required once a year;
It is a relatively inexpensive method of contraception.

However, if we consider all the pros and cons of intrauterine devices, we can distinguish the following disadvantages:

A gynecological examination of the patient is required prior to insertion;
Testing for sexually transmitted infections is required;
The participation of a trained specialist is mandatory both for the introduction and removal of the spiral;
Increased menstrual bleeding and pain in the first few months (for copper coils);
Independent expulsion, that is, the exit of the spiral, is not excluded;
May increase the risk of inflammatory processes in the female genital organs.

The above side effects of intrauterine devices are extremely rare and usually they are of a short-term nature.

Who cannot use an intrauterine device

Pregnant women;
Women who have abnormal uterine bleeding;
Women who have genital tract infections;
Women who have had acute pelvic inflammatory disease or septic abortion within three months;
Women with congenital uterine anomalies or tumors;
Patients who have genital cancer;
Women who have more than one sexual partner (greater risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases).

Start of use and removal of the intrauterine device

How to choose a suitable intrauterine device will tell the doctor of the antenatal clinic. The choice is made on an individual basis. If the menstrual cycle is regular, the intrauterine device can be inserted for 12 days from the onset of menstruation (not only during menstruation) or on any day of the menstrual cycle if the woman knows for sure that she is not pregnant.

Removing the coil is a simple procedure. Produced on an outpatient basis by a trained medical professional. The intrauterine device is removed by gradually pulling on the control threads using a surgical clamp. This contraceptive must be removed after the time indicated in the instructions for its use, or earlier if the woman so desires. The timing of the use of intrauterine devices is determined by their type and manufacturer's instructions. Usually terms are from 3 (copper-bearing) to 10 years (gold-bearing).

Now it is not difficult to find an effective contraceptive. A married couple has the right to choose a method on their own, taking into account all the pros and cons. It is very important to visit a doctor and consult on this issue. After all, the health of a woman who wants to become a mother in the future or already has children depends on this in the first place. One of the most popular methods is the intrauterine device. Consider further the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

How the Navy works

The purpose of the IUD is to protect against unplanned pregnancy. The name says that it is introduced into the uterine cavity, and it was obtained because of the previous appearance of the product, as it looked like a spiral. Currently, the IUD is a T-shaped stick made of flexible, inert plastic. This material is completely safe for women's health.

Spirals are of two types:

The upper part of the spiral is in the form of a thin copper wire.
The spiral contains a container with hormones that enter the uterus throughout the entire period of operation.

It has both the first and second types of pluses and minuses. The photo above shows what this type of contraception currently looks like.

How the spiral works:

Who can install a spiral:

A woman who has given birth and is over 35 years old.
Women with children after an abortion without complications.
No pathologies of the cervix.
If protected by oral contraceptives is not recommended.
Women who have a low level of infectious genital infections.

Contraindications to the IUD

Before using this method of contraception, it is necessary to take into account all the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

And also make sure that there are no following contraindications:

Haven't had a birth yet.
Constant change of sexual partner.
Cancers of the pelvic organs.
The presence of injuries and stitches on the cervix.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Blood diseases. Anemia.
Infertility.
vaginal infections.
The presence of inflammatory processes in the reproductive system.

How to prepare for the installation of the spiral

First of all, you need to choose a suitable spiral and undergo an examination, which includes:

Next, the doctor must probe the uterine cavity, determine the distance between the uterine angles. And only after a thorough examination and the absence of contraindications, an intrauterine device is installed. The pros and cons of BMC should already be covered by you.

Features of the first days with a spiral

It is worth noting that only a doctor can install and remove the intrauterine device. For several days after the installation of the spiral, the following side effects may appear:

Lower abdominal pain.
Sucrose secretions.

You should also avoid increased physical activity. It is necessary to adhere to proper nutrition, more rest, lie down.

The manifestation of side effects can be observed within six months and eventually disappear altogether.

It is necessary to undergo regular medical examination after the installation of the IUD. After installation in a month, then after 3 months, then once every six months.

What are the advantages of the Navy

If you have chosen a contraceptive method such as an intrauterine device, you need to know all the pros and cons.

Let's focus on the positives:

It does not require special care. After installation, after the rehabilitation period, it is practically not felt.
The efficiency is 95-98%.
Can be installed for several years.
The menstrual cycle for many women becomes shorter, and the menstruation itself is almost painless.
It has a positive therapeutic effect in uterine myoma and other gynecological pathologies.
Can be used while breastfeeding.
Does not affect the reproductive function in the body.
Efficiency is maintained regardless of the intake of any medications.
Economical and convenient. You do not need to follow the schedule of admission and spend money on the regular purchase of contraceptives.

What are the disadvantages of the Navy

There are also negative aspects of using the IUD:

High risk of ectopic pregnancy.
There is no protection against venereal diseases.
The risk of inflammatory diseases increases.
Not to be used by nulliparous women.
Painful periods for the first six months.
Large blood loss is possible.

We examined the pros and cons of such a contraceptive as an intrauterine device. The consequences of BMC will be discussed further.

What are the possible complications of using an IUD?

The qualifications and experience of the doctor are of great importance, since the correct installation or removal by an inexperienced specialist can cause the removal of the uterus. Knowing the pros and cons of the intrauterine device, you need to know what complications are possible when using it.

Possible complications when using the IUD:

Perforation of the walls of the uterus.
Rupture of the cervix.
Bleeding after insertion.
The spiral can grow into the uterus.
Antennae can irritate the walls of the cervix.
The spiral can shift or fall out if it is not properly selected and installed.
Pain in the lower abdomen.

It is urgent to visit a specialist if:

There were severe pains in the lower abdomen.
There is a suspicion of pregnancy.
Bleeding continues for a long period of time.
There are signs of infection: fever, unusual vaginal discharge.
During sexual intercourse, there is pain or bleeding.
The threads of the Navy have become longer or shorter.

We looked at what an intrauterine device is, the pros and cons of this method of protection, as well as possible complications. Let's take a look at patient reviews.