Brown spots on the forehead in women. Pigment spots on the forehead

It happens that the face is covered with red spots and itches - this is a common cause of discomfort for many women.

But rarely does anyone treat this problem with caution, more often there is simply a desire to get rid of only physical manifestations.

Masking with cosmetics not only does not help solve the problem, but very often leads a person into deadlocks. From a few red dots on the forehead, the problem takes on large-scale consequences - the entire face is covered with spots. The main thing is to solve the problem from the inside, and not just mask the “tip of the iceberg”.

The main causes of rashes on the forehead

The causes of red flaky spots on the forehead can be hormonal changes in the body:

teenage years;
pregnancy;
period of menopause.

Therefore, it is considered that skin rashes women are more often affected.

Very often, rashes on the forehead appear in a child.

Their reasons are varied:

Why can the forehead itch in an adult:

In order to start treatment, you need to find out the name of the disease. It is impossible to do this on your own, since the causes of red spots on the forehead in an adult great multitude. You should seek help from a qualified professional.

After examination and questioning, he will appoint additional research to clarify the diagnosis. And only according to the results of the examination will be able to exclude or confirm the disease.

How to treat red spots on the face?

Treatment depends on the name of the established disease.

Often, to eliminate itching in the forehead, dermatologists prescribe physiotherapy procedures:

ultrasound therapy;
magnetotherapy;
UV therapy.

The duration of the sessions and the course is determined by the doctor, taking into account the causes of the disease.

Medical therapy

Medical treatment depends on the diagnosis. Basically, to eliminate symptoms, they use:

All appointments are made by the attending dermatologist. He calculates the dosage and the course of taking the drugs. With the right treatment tactics, improvements will be noticeable already in the first days of taking the drugs.

Folk remedies

For ancillary treatment you can use folk methods. In order not to worsen the condition, it is necessary to consult a doctor before use.

In folk medicine for the treatment skin problems use:

rubbing;
masks;
applications.

Very well relieves inflammation, swelling, itching solution of chamomile, succession. They can even be used for babies. Wipe the affected areas of the skin with a strong infusion several times a day.

You can also use infusions for wiping:

calendula;
celandine;
golden mustache;
nettles;
birch buds;
burdock and other plants.

You can also use combinations of these herbs. This will enhance the effect. Store such infusions should be no more than a day.

Ideal for applications:

fresh cucumbers;
cabbage;
aloe;
parsley and other ingredients.

Slices of cabbage, aloe, cucumber can be applied to the affected areas for fifteen minutes. And you can prepare masks with their participation.

The mask with parsley and sour cream perfectly relieves inflammation, and the mask with aloe and honey moisturizes, relieves redness and itching.

Use essential oils effectively:

chamomile;
eucalyptus;
sandalwood;
myrrh;
patchouli;
tea tree;
geraniums.

With their help, you can effectively relieve itching and inflammation. The essential oil of myrrh and tea tree perfectly fights against fungal infections. Oils can be added to masks or infusions, or solutions can be prepared with oil. Can be used directly in pure form, but before that it is necessary to conduct an allergy test.

Soda will help relieve itching. Dissolve two teaspoons of baking soda in a glass of water. Wipe the face with the resulting solution up to six times a day. traditional healers claim that this method can eliminate fungal infections.

Folk remedies can perfectly complement drug therapy, but they are not suitable as the main treatment. In order not to harm your health, any chosen methods traditional medicine should be used after approval by their doctor.

Video about folk remedies ah from the spots on the face:

Prevention

To avoid skin problems, you need to carefully monitor nutrition, lifestyle and proper care behind the skin.

For this you need:

Correct balanced diet. If for some reason it is impossible to replenish the supply of vitamins and trace elements in the body with the help of food, then you need to take pharmacy vitamin complexes.
Rejection of bad habits.
Moderate exercise stress. This will help start the correct metabolic processes in the body.
Compliance with sleep and wakefulness. If the body does not fully rest, then everything negative points immediately reflected on the skin.
The right choice of cosmetics. Choose cosmetics based on skin type. Use only trusted companies and purchase products in certified stores.
Protect skin from sun and cold exposure. Use a special protective cream.
Carry out regularly hygiene procedures. In the morning and in the evening, cleanse the skin of cosmetics, dirt, dust.
Minimize stressful situations. Scientists have proven that many problems are the consequences of stress.

Each representative of the fair sex strives to have a beautiful and healthy skin throughout life. But on the way to this dream, obstacles such as age spots on the face are not uncommon. It is not so easy to get rid of them, and they annoy the lady with their unaesthetic appearance.

Many people naively believe that the appearance is connected precisely with the condition of the skin and they use only cosmetic preparations. As a rule, such methods are not enough and the spots either do not disappear, or turn pale insignificantly, or upset their mistress with steady progression. Such an unsuccessful fight against them is explained by the fact that there are many reasons for their appearance, and almost all of them are associated with disturbances in the functioning of the body.

In our article we will talk about the causes of age spots on the face and various methods getting rid of them, their treatment. Such knowledge will allow you to look at this problem from a different angle and take timely measures to combat it.

Causes and types of pigmentation on the face

Age spots can appear in both young girls and women over 50. As a rule, their appearance is more likely over the age of 35-40 years. IN isolated cases they pass spontaneously, much more often getting rid of them requires considerable effort.

A pigmented spot is an area of excessive accumulation: a special pigment located in various layers of the epidermis. When it is deposited in the upper layer of the skin, pale spots (for example, freckles or moles) form. They can range from light yellow to Brown and, in most cases, do not give their owner a lot of trouble and worries.

Hyperpigmentations that are deposited in the deeper layers of the epidermis look completely different - a spot appears on the surface of the skin dark brown(it can even rise above the surface of the skin). Such pigmentations are more frustrating for women, and in some cases they are very disturbing (for example, applying makeup, putting on or taking off clothes).

Doctors allocate the following types pigmentation:

freckles;
chloasma;
lentigo;
moles and birthmarks.

What can cause elevated level melanin production? There are many reasons for the appearance of age spots.

Heredity

This type of pigmentation is due to a genetic predisposition. Usually, age spots are already noticeable in newborns, and they can only be eliminated with the help of stronger techniques (for example, laser resurfacing).

Hormonal diseases and changes

Pigment spots of saturated color and irregular shape may appear during menstruation, pregnancy, in the first year after childbirth, or due to hormonal imbalance caused by the disease. Doctors call them chloasma and do not recommend doing anything specifically to eliminate them.

In case of diseases causing hormonal imbalance treatment of the underlying disease is recommended. The causes of endocrine pigmentation can be gynecological diseases, neoplasms of the pituitary gland, etc. After the treatment of the underlying disease and the normalization of the hormonal background of a woman, they become significantly pale and gradually disappear.

Skin injury

Such pigmentation can be provoked by severe cases of acne, chemical and thermal burns, unsuccessfully performed peeling and other injuries. Their intensity depends on individual characteristics skin and depth traumatic injury. In some cases local funds to eliminate such age spots is not enough, it is necessary to carry out complex treatment.

Long term exposure ultraviolet rays

Brown spots of this type are provoked by aggressive exposure to sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet radiation. They often appear on the face, because the skin of this part of the body is the most thin and vulnerable. Melanin is designed to protect the skin from burns and colors it more dark color, but if you abuse trips to the solarium or stay in the active open sun in daytime the pigment layer may lie unevenly. The spring rays of the sun are especially aggressive, because after winter the skin of the face is partially depigmented. In some cases, even the use of sunscreen cannot protect it from the appearance of ugly spots. You should not be under the direct rays of the daytime sun for too much time, morning and evening hours are preferable.

Diseases of the kidneys, liver, gallbladder and intestines

Reddish spots appear in women with malfunctions, brown - with pathologies or, yellowish-brown - with. individual treatment do not require, turn pale and disappear when a proper diet is prescribed and the functions of internal organs are normalized.

nervous disorders, mental illness and frequent stress

Such pigmentation is caused by metabolic disorders and hormonal balance. The spots can be of various shapes and sizes.

Lack of vitamins or minerals

Enough common cause! Spots can be caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C or copper foods. After the deficiency is eliminated, they gradually disappear.

Reception medicines

Sometimes spots on the skin appear after long-term use some medicines. Most often they are caused by taking antibiotics. Be sure to contact your doctor and inform about the appearance of pigmentation, you will be replaced or canceled the drug.

Allergic reactions, improper use of skin care products and poor-quality cosmetics

Rash and spots on the skin appear immediately after applying a cosmetic or other product. They can be provoked by essential oils, low-quality ingredients decorative cosmetics, unjustifiably frequent cleansing skin.

Aging

Alas, often dark spots on the face, as well as on the neck and hands, can appear over the age of 40-45 years. They are called increased production melanin and its uneven distribution, hormonal changes and aging skin layers. Also, their appearance may be associated with the presence chronic diseases which increase with age.

The appearance of pigmentation in itself in most cases is not dangerous, but it always signals a malfunction in some of the body's systems. When it appears, you should think about the state of your health and go through diagnostic examination. What it will be - the doctor will determine.

Treatment of age spots on the face

A cosmetologist will recommend a method for eliminating age spots.

The main principle of pigmentation treatment is to eliminate the cause of their occurrence. To identify it, you may need to consult a therapist, gynecologist, endocrinologist or gastroenterologist. After making a diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe a course of treatment for the underlying disease, after getting rid of which the spots on the skin of the face will either disappear spontaneously or turn pale, and it will be much easier to get rid of them.

Most women want to quickly get rid of age spots that spoil their appearance, and use various methods to get rid of these unpleasant cosmetic defects.

whitening;
cosmetic procedures;
cosmetical tools;
traditional medicine recipes.

Skin whitening for age spots

Various substances can be used as "bleachers" of hyperpigmentations:

Hydrogen peroxide - a 3% solution can only be applied to the area of the age spot, since this remedy can injure the skin.
Mercury cream: May be used for short periods as long-term use this aggressive means may cause skin irritation. note: It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.
Zinc paste - gently whitens the skin, helps to eliminate wrinkles and acne.

Cosmetic procedures for age spots

These techniques can only be performed by a cosmetologist or dermatologist and are selected individually depending on the severity of pigmentation, location, indications and contraindications.

Skin whitening is promoted by:

Ultrasonic or chemical peeling: the type of procedure is determined by the doctor. For chemical peeling glycolic, fruit and other acids can be used. They promote desquamation and renewal upper layers skin and pigmentation. For ultrasonic peeling, special equipment is used, which facilitates the introduction into the upper layers of the skin. various drugs that cause skin renewal and whitening.
Laser treatment is performed using laser beams, which gently remove the top layer of the skin and promote its renewal. This modern technique quite traumatic and painful. After its implementation, the use of various healing drugs is required. This procedure is best done in winter, because this time of year the rays of the sun are the least active. In addition to whitening the skin, laser beams improve its condition: it rejuvenates, becomes more elastic, acquires a beautiful and even tone.
Phototherapy: This procedure is performed using a laser device that produces intense light pulses. Light waves enter only areas of the pigment spot and destroy cells with high content melanin.

Cosmetics for age spots

To remove areas of pigmentation, cosmetic whitening creams are most often used. Dear women, treatment with such drugs must be carried out under the supervision of a physician, since inept use of them can cause reverse effect- pigment spots become larger, they contrast more strongly with the main skin tone.

The doctor will determine the type of whitening cream and exclude possible contraindications to its application. Some cosmetic products should not be used for kidney or liver disease. They are also contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

The most commonly used whitening cosmetics are:

Cream Achromin Alen Mak gently removes stains and protects the skin from ultraviolet rays.
Retin-A cream helps to reduce the amount of melanin in the skin.
VC-IP solution (based on vitamin C) - it is able to prevent hyperpigmentation of the upper layers of the skin.

Clinical Studies Proven Effective complex treatment hyperpigmentation problems. Sun protection and topical application.

Folk recipes for age spots

In some cases, with superficial age spots on the face, time-tested folk recipes for masks and lotions can help.

mask from fresh cucumber: grate the cucumber on a fine grater, apply the resulting gruel for half an hour on the face. The mask can not be washed off, but simply removed with a napkin.
Yeast and lemon juice mask: 20 g fresh yeast mixed with 15 ml of lemon juice. The resulting slurry is applied to the face for 15-20 minutes and washed off with warm water.
Parsley lotion: Pour 2 tablespoons of finely chopped parsley into 100 ml of water. Let it brew for an hour and strain. Add 100 ml of milk and wipe the cleansed face twice a day.
Pour the strained parsley infusion into water molds and place in the freezer. Washing them in the morning quickly removes stains, tones the skin, and tightens pores.
Rice flour, honey and vinegar mask: Mix 2 teaspoons of rice flour with 1 teaspoon of honey and 1 tablespoon of vinegar. Apply the mixture on your face for half an hour. Remove the mask with a dry cloth and rinse your face.
Mask of almonds and lemon juice: twist half a glass of almonds through a meat grinder and mix with lemon juice and a little water. Apply the mixture on your face for 20 minutes. Wash off the mask with warm water.
Mask of potatoes and egg yolk: boil one potato in its skin, peel it and mash with a fork. Add to puree egg yolk and mix. Apply to the face and keep the mask until the potato has completely cooled. Wash off with warm water.
Protein mask: mix the protein of 1 egg with the juice of 1/4 lemon and 3-4 drops of hydrogen peroxide. Apply to the skin for 10 minutes, rinse with water or milk, apply a nourishing cream.
Lotion of milk and vodka: mix milk and vodka in a ratio of 3:1. Wash your face at night.

Folk recipes have a rather mild effect on the skin of the face, but, in order to avoid skin irritation and allergic reactions, it is recommended that you try to apply the product on a small area of skin before using them. inner surface forearm. If redness does not appear after 15-20 minutes, the product can be used.

Many women believe that this problem is solely due to improper care behind the skin. The cause of the appearance of age spots on the forehead can actually be some kind of malfunction in the body, for example, hormonal. In any case, melanosis - a violation of pigmentation requires due attention, the only way to choose the right method of dealing with it.

Dermatologist, cosmetologist

Melanin is a substance found in the outer and deep levels of the epidermis. It is he who is responsible for pigmentation. The appearance of age spots on the forehead is associated with a sharp increase in melanin under the influence various factors. The amount of this substance may not be too large, then the speck will have a light yellow tint. The dark brown color of the spot indicates that a lot of melanin has accumulated in the deep layers of the epidermis.

It is very easy for people with fair skin to identify age spots on the forehead. The photo sometimes clearly conveys that you have this problem. And it can occur at any age.

Sun

Direct sunlight is detrimental to your skin, they lead to a sharp activation of melanin. More often this substance for any person is not an enemy, but a friend, because it protects against exposure to ultraviolet rays. Most people love to sunbathe, and vitamin D, which the sun gives us, is very useful. However, direct rays are harmful. It is especially dangerous to sunbathe without special protection for girls with fair skin. Melanin protects the upper layers of the epidermis from burns. To do this, he paints light skin in a darker color.

Thus, we have a tan. People prone to increased pigmentation do not get bronzed skin, but unattractive spots on the forehead and body.

Therefore, such people need to use special creams with SPF protection. This must be done even in winter in sunny weather.

Diseases that cause hyperpigmentation

Doctors have long established that many disorders in the body can increase the production of melanin in the skin.

Gastrointestinal diseases directly affect the condition skin. Bowel problems most often provoke the appearance of red spots;
Violations of the gallbladder or liver;
Inflammatory phenomena in the genitourinary system;
Disturbances in the functioning of the thyroid gland.

Pregnancy

During the period of bearing a child, a woman may experience age spots on her forehead. Chloasma, as it is customary to call such pigmentation in pregnant women, have a dark color and jagged edges. Doctors recommend not resorting to any action to eliminate this problem. After all, often the spots disappear on their own after childbirth.

I beg you, do not remove papillomas!
To make them disappear, add 3 drops to a glass of water...

Causes of the formation of age spots on the face. Ways to eliminate pigmentation with salon procedures and whitening masks.

The coloring pigment melanin, produced by skin cells, is responsible for the formation of age spots on the face. It is evenly located under the layer of the epidermis and is responsible for the shade of the face. If the distribution of melanin is disturbed, dark or discolored spots appear. Pigmentation on the face can be of several types, taking this into account, they select means to lighten skin defects.

What are the types of age spots on the face:

With melasma, dark brown spots form on the face, warts can grow on top, peeling and itching appear. The anomaly is congenital or develops against the background of brain diseases, after taking medications.

Melanosis and chloasma are most often found in brunettes, brown spots of irregular shape form on the skin of the face. They are localized on the forehead, cheeks, temporal region or on the lips. The cause of the pathology is a violation of the hormonal balance in the body, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Spots that are located on the cheeks and go to the neck area may be the result of liver disease.

Chloasma can affect girls during puberty, with gynecological diseases, at the time of admission contraceptives. Pigment spots can form at the sites of healed burns, festering wounds, eczema.

Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which melanin disappears in some areas of the skin. White patches form on the skin various shapes, they appear after a long stay in the sun, they can spontaneously disappear.

Lentigo (mottled pigmentation) affects women middle age. It is manifested by multiple spots of various colors and sizes, they are formed most often in the neck, arms and face. The causes of pathology are age-related changes in organism.

Pigmentosa dermatosis is caused by ovarian dysfunction and malfunction digestive system. Pathology is characterized by the formation of brownish spots located symmetrically on the chin and around the mouth.

In women over 25 years of age, pigmentation of the skin of the eyelids occurs due to hormonal disorders and under direct sunlight. Accompanied by the formation of spots and spider veins on eyelids, cheeks.

Causes of age spots

What causes pigmentation of the skin of the face:

ultraviolet radiation;
hormonal imbalance in the body;
medication treatment;
chronic diseases of internal organs;
genetic predisposition;
burns, facial skin injuries;
age changes.

Despite all these reasons, pigmentation is most pronounced after a long stay under the scorching rays of the sun. Some symptoms disappear after treatment concomitant diseases, restoring the normal balance of sex hormones, and some require cosmetic treatment.

Ways to treat pigmentation

Before therapy, it is necessary to determine the causes of the pathology. Based on this, brightening procedures are prescribed. If the body is disturbed hormonal background, cosmetic treatment will not give positive results, it is necessary to consult with an endocrinologist and a gynecologist.

Pigmentation during pregnancy and menopause may be temporary, and disappears after the level of estrogen in the woman's body stabilizes.

Beauty salon procedures:

mesotherapy;
phonophoresis;
cryopilling;
laser resurfacing;
phototherapy.

Mesotherapy is a course of injections into the skin of the face. The composition of drugs injected into the deep layers of the epidermis includes useful trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, extracts medicinal herbs, hyaluronic acid. This procedure allows you to effectively fight pigmentation, hide signs of aging, smooth out fine wrinkles.

Cryopilling treats age spots with low temperatures. As a result, old skin cells die off and are replaced by new ones, collagen production is enhanced.

Laser resurfacing treatment is the treatment of pigmented areas of the skin with a laser beam. In this case, the layer of the epidermis with dark spots is polished.

Phototherapy is carried out by exposing light beams to the affected areas of the face. Treatment eliminates any age spots. It is also useful to use creams containing vitamin E, arbutin, licorice extract, kojic acid.

Folk remedies for age spots

From folk remedies for lightening the skin of the face good result gives application fermented milk products. To prepare masks, you can use:

kefir;
yogurts;
curdled milk;
milk;
sour cream.

It is useful to add a little vinegar, honey or cosmetic clay. Those with oily skin types are advised to add oatmeal and egg white.

To lighten age spots in women of mature age, masks are prepared from table vinegar, honey and salt. Treatment helps to whiten problem areas, rejuvenate, tighten the skin.

Honey and lemon are indispensable cosmetic ingredients. Juice or pulp can be squeezed out of the fruit, mixed with natural honey and use as a brightening mask. useful to do alcohol tincture of these ingredients and wipe your face with it instead of tonic. Not suitable for women with dry and sensitive skin.

Help in the fight against age spots and medicinal plants:

parsley;
birch leaves and buds;
coltsfoot;
yarrow.

It is useful to wipe the skin of the face with decoctions of these plants. Juice squeezed from parsley can be added to whitening masks, make cosmetic ice or lotion out of it.

You can wipe age spots with the pulp of fresh fruits. fruit acids normalize skin color, saturate it with vitamins and essential trace elements.

Combination baking soda, hydrogen peroxide and heavy cream helps to quickly whiten age spots. Lightening masks should be done no more than 2 times a week. Honey should not be used by people who are allergic to bee products. For girls with a dry skin type, it is recommended to add a little fat sour cream, cream, aloe juice or a few drops to the masks. essential oil sea buckthorn, lemon, birch.

Prevention measures

To prevent the appearance of age spots, you need to spend less time in the sun. When relaxing by the sea or during the hot season, you should use creams that protect against ultraviolet radiation.

It is important to monitor the state of health and treat on time. This will help not only prevent the appearance of pigmentation, but strengthen immune defense organism, slow down the aging process of the skin.

Taking a cure medications, you should pay attention to the presence of contraindications. Some funds have side effect in the form of photosensitivity, that is, after taking them, you can not be in the sun.

The formation of age spots on the face can be caused by several factors, so for effective fight with this cosmetic defect, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of its appearance.

Pigmentation on the skin - the body's reaction to exposure to both external factors, and the reasons that lie inside the body, which consists in a local increase in the production of melanin. This substance gives human skin its color. The skin is darker when melanin is produced in large quantities. If the pigment is deposited in the upper layers of the epidermis, pigmentation may acquire a yellowish tint. In the event that accumulations of melanin are located in the dermis, the formations on the face appear as brown or dark gray spots.

Photo

Who is prone to staining?

Pigmentation can appear at any age.

Nevertheless, older people, women are more prone to the occurrence of such cosmetic defects. reproductive age, especially - at 30-40 years old as well as pregnant and lactating women.

Causes and risk factors of education

There are many reasons that can affect the violation of melanin production. The main ones are:

Factors environment and others external stimuli play an important role in the formation of pigmentation on the face.

Most often spots appear due to prolonged insolation of the skin, insufficient oxygenation of the skin, the use of cosmetics containing sulfur and some metals, the abuse of ointments with corticosteroids, aggressive cosmetic procedures, after injuries or burns, especially - chemicals.

Types and symptoms of age spots

It is easiest to notice hyperpigmentation on the face in fair-skinned people. Spots stand out against a light background of the skin in the form of dark-colored areas with clear or blurry boundaries of various colors (mainly yellow-brown, sometimes with a reddish tint).

Spot shape- round, oval.

Localization area- cheekbones, forehead, under the eyes, around the nose, lips. Age spots rarely appear singly, in most cases existing in groups.

The most common types of age spots are ... (see below)

Dense brown spots, often thickened, due to which they rise above the surface of the skin.

Lentigo spots have an elongated oval shape, small sizes (up to 2-5 mm.), Clear boundaries.

They come in two forms:

age age spots that form due to aging and thinning of the skin, as well as due to an excess of ultraviolet exposure;
youthful lentigo (genetically determined). In this case, pigmentation is also observed on other areas of the skin - on the shoulders, chest, limbs.

Freckles, or ephelids

These spots appear due to congenital features person. Some areas of the skin of the face react strongly to the influence of solar radiation, so they are more clearly visible in the warm season.

Usually freckles form from childhood, having the following signs- small spots of oval or irregular shape, located around the nose or on the cheeks, light yellow, red, reddish hues. No "feed" sunbeams freckles tend to fade.

During the formation of such spots, it is observed backlash skin - a decrease in the production of pigment, so they have a snow-white, milky or light pink hue.

Vitiligo can appear in the form of small or large spots, be of various shapes and forms, and be surrounded by a dark rim around the periphery. Spots tend to progress, therefore, with age, their number and size increase.

The disease is difficult to treat.

birthmarks

Formed in the first years of a child's life or appear from birth. May exist as light brown, pink, reddish or dark spots a wide variety of shapes and sizes, often bizarre. Some spots subsequently thicken and transform into nevi.

Chloasma or melasma

Represents brown or brown spot, smooth to the touch, clearly defined, various sizes, irregular shapes. Most often appear during pregnancy, as well as with other changes in hormonal system; may disappear on their own after the birth of a child or correction of hormonal levels.

Pigmented xeroderma

Hereditary disease associated with increased photosensitivity. Xeroderma is characterized by the risk of degeneration into malignant tumors. The main symptoms are age spots, similar to freckles, accompanied by a reddish rash, as well as areas of thinning of the skin.

Melodermia Brocca

Dark hyperpigmented areas are localized around the mouth, sometimes in the nose area. The appearance of such spots is associated with the transferred stress.

Secondary pigmentation

Such spots are formed after some infectious diseases(streptoderma, lichen) and eventually disappear. In some cases, the formation of such spots is associated with allergic reaction skin after applying cosmetics and prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Beautiful girl with freckles

First of all, excessive pigmentation on the face is a clear cosmetic defect that can significantly spoil appearance person.

Often age spot is a sign of developing fungal, bacterial disease or autoimmune processes (for example, pink deprivation).

Pigmented xeroderma can lead to dystrophy of the skin, and also contribute to the development of eczematous manifestations.

Some spots are able to become malignant over time, therefore, they require constant monitoring by an oncologist. In many cases, especially in initial stage development, pigmentation may be similar to other skin formations- flat moles, keratomas and even melanoma of the skin.

Diagnosis

In most cases, a dermatologist can determine accurate diagnosis, based on an external examination and the collection of anamnesis from the words of the patient.

With absence visible reasons for hyperpigmentation, general clinical studies, consultations can be prescribed narrow specialists(endocrinologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist). If malignancy is suspected, a biopsy is performed. If there are signs of mycotic or other infectious lesions skin, the skin is examined under a Wood's lamp or scraping from the surface of the spot.

Treatment of age spots

Often whitening age spots is performed at home. For this purpose, cosmetic products with the following components are well suited:

substances that reduce the production of melanin ( azelaic acid, hydroquinone, zinc, hydrogen peroxide, glabridin, retinoic and glycolic acids);
substances that inhibit the production of an enzyme that promotes the synthesis of melanin (kojic acid, arbutin, licorice extract, aloesin).

The best reviews about funds for home whitening have creams Achromin, Guam with kojic acid, Skinoren, Azogel, Obagi with hydroquinone, Differin, Licorice Cream, Benoquin.

Cosmetic procedures held in beauty salons are capable of short time reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation. The most effective of them:

laser peeling. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia; water exposure laser beam the layer of cells is exfoliated, and superficial age spots disappear;
microdermabrasion. It comes down to a thorough mechanical treatment of the skin of the face using small abrasive particles(most often aluminum);
chemical peeling. It can be superficial, median, deep. It is carried out with the use of glycolic, trichloroacetic acids and requires course completion (at least 3 sessions). Eliminates the top layer of cells, renewing the skin and allowing you to lighten pigmentation.

In some cases it may be necessary drug treatment pigment spots. Most often it includes:

taking vitamin and mineral complexes;
ointments with glucocorticosteroids;
local photosensitizing drugs;
systemic glucocorticosteroids (for example, with vitiligo);
treatment with long-wave UV rays;
laser therapy.

Removal

Hardware techniques are used to remove age spots and prevent their reappearance. Modern clinics aesthetic medicine offer the following solutions:

Fractional thermolysis. The procedure is carried out using a laser device; The main difference from laser peeling is that skin treatment is performed pointwise, while not affecting healthy skin. After 1-2 sessions, as a rule, even the most “resistant” age spots disappear. The procedure is painless and does not lead to the formation of scars.
Cryotherapy. Application to the area of pigmentation liquid nitrogen allows you to eliminate stains; The disadvantage of cryotherapy is some soreness and traumatization of the skin (the recovery process is 1-2 weeks).
ELOS - removal of pigmentation. The procedure combines radio wave and infrared radiation, with the use of which age spots disappear after 2-3 sessions.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk recipes are easy to use and inexpensive to manufacture; sometimes the use of homemade masks, creams and lotions is enough to completely eliminate hyperpigmentation on the face:

Most popular remedy against age spots - lemon juice. To use, you need to make a lotion - water (120 ml.) Is mixed with lemon juice (1 spoon). Every day in the morning, in the evening you need to wipe the skin with a cotton swab dipped in lotion.
Take 2 cucumbers, cut into circles and pour a glass of water mixed with 6 tablespoons of alcohol. After a week, the product is ready for use as a tonic. For dry skin, it is useful to add a couple of drops of olive oil to it.
Pineapple juice and strong green tea – good helpers in the fight against pigmentation of the face. It is best to alternate such means: in the morning wipe the skin with tea, and in the evening with pineapple juice.
Effective anti-pigmentation mask: grated raw potatoes(0.5 pcs.) and 1 spoon of honey are mixed, after which the mask is applied to the face in a thick layer. Holding time - 20 minutes.
Grate an apple and a horseradish root, combine in a ratio of 2: 1 and apply 2 times / week as a mask. The exposure time of the product on the face is 15 minutes.

Lifestyle, care and nutrition

If problems arise in the form of pigmentation on the face, it is necessary to properly organize daily care. Before going outside, especially in the summer, you need to apply sunscreen with an SPF factor of 30 or more. When pigmentation appears during pregnancy or lactation, it is better to wait and not apply radical hardware procedures: in most cases, pigmentation disappears without a trace after delivery or breastfeeding is cancelled.

It will be useful to enrich the diet vitamin products- citrus fruits, berries, cabbage, fresh peas, herbs. In winter, it is recommended to take complexes of vitamins, minerals, especially special ones, for skin health. It is better to refuse strong tea and coffee: these drinks can provoke hyperpigmentation on the face, as well as fatty, fried, high-protein foods.

Prevention education

Measures to prevent the occurrence of unpleasant cosmetic defect come down to the following actions:

Careful skin care according to its type and age.
Regular use of photoprotective agents, wearing sunglasses.
The use of only high-quality, if necessary - hypoallergenic, cosmetics.
Prophylactic intake of vitamins, antioxidants.
Treatment of all chronic diseases, prevention of infections.

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