Causes of hiccups. Hiccups in children and adults: causes and treatment

Hiccups are intense, involuntary, stereotypically repetitive short intense respiratory movements with a completely closed or narrowed glottis. When we hear a stifled sound, this is a consequence of the closure of the gap.

When a person periodically hiccups, this entails short-term inconvenience. But if the process takes a long time and often at an intense pace, the violation complicates the existence, affects negatively the quality of life. Consider what causes the formation of hiccups.

Messages for the occurrence of hiccups are conditionally divided into four types.

Caused by physiological factors:

• the body is supercooled - with a sharp cooling of the body, a person begins to hiccup;
• incorrect body position when eating, during sleep (body bend, intense bending);
• full stomach (overeating puts pressure on the diaphragm, causing contractions)
• fright;
• pregnancy on later dates(the fetus presses into the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe respiratory muscle - involuntary contractions begin, hiccups occur).

Caused by hepatotoxic action of substances or factors:

• entry into the body toxic substances(anesthesia, substances that are part of medicines, for example, Dexamethasone, which has a mass side effects, among them hiccups, hormonal preparations, sleeping pills Thiopental, group medicines affecting human GNI Phenazepam, etc.);
• alcohol is the cause of this symptom with repeated constant use(toxins adversely affect the unpaired muscle);
• intoxication with toxic substances (arsenic, carbon monoxide).

Pathological changes in the work of nervous structures:

• stressful, hysterical conditions;
• CNS damage cancer cells(benign tumors);
• neurological disorders (cerebral hemorrhage, encephalitis, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, etc.).

As mediated manifestations of diseases:

Types of hiccups

They are divided into types, depending on the time of the course of the disease:

1. Short-term - occurs 1-2 times a day, disappears within 20 minutes.
2. Persistent - from one hour to 48 hours. Defined as persistent.
3. Unstoppable - 30-60 days. If it does not stop after two months, it is considered persistent, lasting constantly.

Episodic has physiological promises of occurrence. The other two forms have pathological causes appearance.

How to eliminate an unpleasant symptom?

The answer to the question of how to get rid of hiccups lies in the causes. An adult, having undergone an examination, if it is not possible to independently detect etiological factors the occurrence of malaise, must find out why the hiccups attack.

Physiological hiccups

Hiccups caused by physiological messages, according to doctors, are the expulsion of excess air formed in the stomach by the body.

It is easy to stop short, intense respiratory movements in this case - you just have to eliminate the factor that caused the appearance: get rid of hypothermia, remove carbonated drinks from the diet, change body position, and so on. Does not require medical intervention.

The disease is not pleasant, sometimes we hiccup when the phenomenon is inappropriate, for example, at a meeting or meeting. Intense sudden muscle contractions, although not as painful, cause discomfort and embarrassment. Therefore, people are trying to find methods to immediately eliminate involuntary contractions of the diaphragm.

Elimination techniques at home:

• Drink boiled water- a popular method that combines three ways: drink a glass of water in tiny sips; drink half a glass bent position; drink liquid while exercising.
• Hold your breath for 10-20 seconds.
• Eat a bitter or sour product (stimulation of taste buds causes irritation peripheral departments human NS). It switches the body - nervus vagus, innervating the abdominal cavity, is not excited, the hiccups stop, since the cause has been eliminated.
• Suppression of reflex contractions by stimulating receptors in the pharynx. Touch the sky with two or three fingers and hold in this position until you feel that the hiccups have stopped.
• Ask someone to scare you. Unexpected fright - additional way combating an undesirable condition in a hiccuping person. This is due to the switching of the dominant focus of the central nervous system and the formation of a focus of excitation in another place.
• A piece of sugar placed on the tongue is swallowed by a hiccuping person.

What else makes a disturbing synonym disappear? We describe the methods that are used less often. Residents of one state in the USA treat hiccups in babies like this - they tie 2 fabric strips around the circumference of the head, one on the bridge of the nose and the other on the forehead, and between - a bright thread. Bright color attracts the attention of the child, the baby stops hiccuping.

Gymnastic exercises (squats, bends) distract the attention of the NS. Physical activity improves the process of blood circulation, corrects breathing, optimizes metabolism in the body. So, to stop hiccups after overeating, it is reasonable to use such a method.

When tickled, breathing is reflexively delayed, and spasms disappear in a hiccuping person in seconds.

Stick your tongue out far and hold it with your fingertips for 1 minute - american president once, according to legend, used the described method.

Pathological hiccups

Pathological hiccups are divided into three types:

1. Central (mediated by CNS lesions).
2. Peripheral (present in diseases that affect or irritate the trigeminal nerve).
3. Toxic.

For pathological diseases are characterized by relapses. This exhausts the body of a person suffering from prolonged hiccups, and brings changes in psychological state. It will not be possible to liquidate on its own - it is required thorough examination, elucidation of the etiology and mechanisms of the generation of the disease. If the phenomenon was of a brief nature, and there was no recurrence of hiccups, there is no reason for concern. But if this lasts for 1-3 days, it means that fundamental changes in health have developed, it is advisable to immediately contact a medical institution.

Surprising Facts About Unwanted Aperture Contractions and How to Eliminate

Scientists and the whole world are still wondering about the birth of muscle spasms abdominal wall and the main respiratory muscle. This means that many theories of origin and methods of treatment have been formulated. But also at modern methods diagnostics - hiccups remain unexplored to the end.

F. Feismar, a medical scientist from America, together with fellow doctors from Israel medical center described a peculiar method of eliminating the phenomenon of spasm of the respiratory muscle. Researchers have proposed eliminating hiccups by massaging the prostate gland.

Feismar and like-minded people, after a series of studies, came to the conclusion that sex is universal. In an interview for a British popular science magazine, the scientist made a statement that during orgasm, there is stimulation of the vagus nerve, which innervates the stomach and lungs. True, in 2006 scientists were awarded the Antinobel Prize in the field of medicine.

Jerry Randall in 1988 got rid of an obsessive, debilitating condition as a result of rectal massage.

Spasmodic contractions of the respiratory muscle, which lasted four days, stopped in Michael Oberman after orgasm during intercourse.

Chinese medicine uses acupressure and acupuncture in practice.

Diagnosis and drug treatment:

• Collection of information about individual features organism by questioning the subject.
• Establishing the time, frequency and characteristics of the flow.
• Consultations and diagnostic studies of a gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, surgeon.

Therapeutic methods Treatments are effective after a careful study of the anamnesis and the establishment of the factors of occurrence.

In elimination pathological species hiccups require medical intervention. Therapy is designed to neutralize the prerequisites for the occurrence of hiccups.

Doctors use four types of drugs:

• Medicines that suppress spasms.
• psychotropic action.
• Anticonvulsants (for the relief of muscle cramps).
• Psychotropic (to eliminate psychotic disorders).

Group 1: no-shpa - relieves spasms. The effect comes after two days. In children, it is used from the age of six. Spazmonet - reduces muscle tone.

Group 2: when the etiology of origin lies in violations digestive tract. Omeprazole, Cerucal - to prevent reflux and hiccups. Atropine - relaxes muscle tissues internal organs.

Group 3: in case of failures in the National Assembly, the following is prescribed: Haloperidol - with severe attacks, has a calming and relaxing effect. Pipolfen is an allergy medicine designed to block receptors in the central nervous system.

Group 4: with pathologies trigeminal nerve or respiratory organs. Baclofen is an analgesic drug with a calming and relaxing effect.

The use of drugs is advisable after prescription by the attending physician.

Hiccups are involuntary diaphragmatic contractions that can develop over time. various reasons. Often, hiccups overtake even healthy people, but still more often diaphragmatic contractions are of a pathological origin.

Description and disease code according to ICD-10

Hiccups are called sharp, involuntary, consistent and short breaths with a characteristic sound. The hiccup itself is nothing dangerous organism does not threaten. But if similar condition does not go away within a few days or is characterized by signs such as unbearable headache or suffocation, then it is worth identifying pathological factor hiccups.

Many do not take hiccups seriously, which is a big mistake, because timely decision problems and helps to avoid unpleasant consequences and completely get rid of the disease.

According to international classification diseases hiccups has the code R06.6.

Varieties

In accordance with the duration of such a phenomenon, long-term and short-term hiccups are distinguished. The latter form is characterized by spontaneous diaphragmatic contractions for a short time, no more than a quarter of an hour. Short-term hiccups do not pose a threat to the body and are considered safe for health.

Prolonged hiccups can last for several days and may be a reasonable reason to visit a specialist. It is especially worth paying more attention to the condition in which headaches and severe weakness occur. Such symptoms may indicate the presence of serious ailments.

Prolonged hiccups are conventionally divided into several types: physiological, toxic, peripheral or central.

Causes of hiccups in adults

Depending on the variety and type of diaphragmatic contractions, certain hiccup factors are determined.

short-term

Short-term diaphragmatic contraction is usually accompanied by thirst or hunger, a feeling of overeating and, excessive excitement or hypothermia, abuse bakery products and severe stress.

Most often, short-term hiccups occur:

1. Against the background of fast, in which, during ingestion, an excess amount of air enters the stomach;
2. Due to a sharp temperature jump, for example, when a patient enters an apartment from the street in winter time. When warmed, all unpleasant symptoms disappear;
3. Against the background of prolonged crying or severe fright. Under these conditions, an overstrain of muscle tissues occurs, which provokes the development of short-term hiccups. To stop such hiccups, it is enough to drink a glass in small sips. warm water in one gulp.

Such factors do not have a pathological origin, and therefore, treatment to specialists is not required. Brief seizures hiccups can be eliminated on their own.

Permanent

If the hiccups continue to bother for long period time, exhausting and exhausting the patient, then the reasons must be sought in more serious factors.

1. Prolonged hiccups often occur in patients with pulmonary pathologies inflammatory nature. In the process of infection, the diaphragmatic muscles become irritated and begin to contract unintentionally;
2. Prolonged hiccups are also familiar to smokers who have a long history of harmful addiction. Very often in such patients, thoracic cell oncopathologies are detected. With a long formation of the tumor process, irritation of the diaphragmatic tissues occurs, provoking prolonged muscle cramps.
3. Often cause prolonged hiccups advocates food diaphragmatic opening. Hiccups in these patients are often characteristic manifestation ailment.

In addition, nervous system pathologies, infections or gallbladder ailments, diabetes and, can provoke prolonged convulsive contractions of the diaphragm. digestive disorders or narrowing blood vessels. In women, hiccups are sometimes the result of psychogenic problems.

neurological

Involuntary diaphragmatic contractions of neurological origin occur as a result of pathological neurological disorders. Neurological pathologies provoke an increase in the excitability of the nervous system departments, which causes different-intensity and inconsistent diaphragmatic impulses, which are the cause of hiccups.

If such attacks disturb patients long time, they can lead to nervous breakdowns, overwork or severe stress. Prolonged spasms of the diaphragmatic muscles can also be caused by conditions such as or, traumatic head injuries or spinal cord injuries, as well as nervous system oncopathologies.

These ailments are extremely dangerous, but sometimes they do not differ in the severity of symptoms. Therefore, when prolonged bouts of hiccups appear, you need to contact a specialist and inform him of all injuries and even minor head bruises, then it will be much easier to detect the etiology of hiccups.

If a specialist reveals the presence of signs of nervous system lesions, then the therapeutic approach involves, first of all, the relief of these manifestations.

For debilitating hiccups, a diagnostic study is recommended X-ray methods, MRI and computed tomography, examination of blood parameters and cerebrospinal fluid. Based on diagnostic data, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Peripheral

hiccup peripheral usually occurs against the background of various lesions of the diaphragmatic organs. The vagus nerve is constantly in an irritated state, therefore, the diaphragmatic muscles are constantly subjected to impulse action, which causes constant hiccups.

Experts call such grounds for the occurrence of peripheral diaphragmatic spasms:

1. Pulmonary pleurisy;
2. Various lesions of the abdominal organs;
3. Neuritis of the nerve of the diaphragm;
4. Damage and different kind inflammatory lesions diaphragmatic localization.

If the patient is constantly worried about involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, then you need to undergo an examination, because similar symptom may indicate the development of such ailments.

Toxic

This form of hiccups is considered the most dangerous. Prolonged bouts of toxic hiccups usually occur while taking certain medications, resulting in intoxication of all body structures with all the ensuing complications and consequences.

Usually, it takes enough time to treat the consequences of drug intoxication. for a long time and considered enough complex process. One of the consequences may be prolonged hiccups.

Diabetes can also cause toxicogenic hiccups. With the development of diabetic conditions, patients are often tormented by debilitating hiccups, the cause of which is a metabolic failure with impaired metabolic processes sugars, lipids and proteins.

Against the backdrop of these disturbances, chronic intoxication and diabetic neuropathy affecting vagus nerve fibers. Long-term bouts of hiccups in this case occur due to damage due to diabetes of the vagus nerve.

physiological

The most harmless form of hiccups is physiological hiccups. This state does not require drug therapy, after a short period of time it passes on its own. Typically, such hiccups are due to the release of accumulated air and gases in the gastric cavity.

Air can accumulate from eating too fast, laughing too long, or frequent meals dry ration. In adults, hiccups often occur when alcohol is abused. Such hiccups are easy to eliminate with simple home remedies.

Survey

If bouts of hiccups are often disturbing and have a prolonged character, then you need to contact a specialist to determine exact reasons attack. In this case, the patient is assigned:

• Physical examination;
• Laboratory blood tests of general clinical and;
• X-ray examination;
• Checking cardiac functions by means of ECG and ultrasound diagnostics.

Based on the results of the studies, the specialist selects the appropriate therapy.

How to stop the symptom?

If hiccups are of physiological origin, then you can easily cope with them at home, for example, drink a glass of water in small sips or breathe into a paper bag, hold your breath, etc. But with a pathological origin of diaphragmatic contractions, serious medical treatment is necessary, selected by the doctor individually.

Medications

The drugs used for hiccups are divided into two large groups: symptomatic and medications to eliminate gastrointestinal pathologies.

Antispasmodics are used in the treatment of hiccups to relax muscle tissue, restore blood circulation and improve intraorganic activity. More often, No-shpa is used for this purpose. These pills stop inflammation and relieve muscle tension, relieve and biliary colic.

Quite often, the cause of bouts of prolonged hiccuping is the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, in order to eliminate diaphragmatic contractions, it is necessary to get rid of its cause, for which drugs against gastrointestinal pathologies are prescribed:

1. - an antiemetic drug, it safely relieves muscle spasms, stops gag reflexes due to the effect on brain receptors.
2. Omeprazole - is actively used for excessive acidity and diaphragmatic contractions, ulcerative lesions GIT. You need to take the tablets for a month, once a day, about a quarter of an hour before meals.
3. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used against emetic reactions and prolonged hiccups caused by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Produced in injectable form.
4. - effectively copes with heartburn, emetic reactions, hiccups. Take before meals about half an hour.

If diaphragmatic contractions are provoked neurological disorders like stress or mental pathologies, then drugs of a completely different action are used:

1. Haloperidol - renders sedation in the presence of nervous overexcitation;
2. Pipolfen is an anti-allergic and sedative drug that blocks the nervous system receptors.
3. Difenin - anticonvulsant with muscle relaxant effect. Doesn't have hypnotic effect, however, effectively relieves convulsions.

The use of medications is relevant only in cases where the attack has prolonged nature. If antipsychotic drugs are prescribed. It is better to choose drugs that do not have a sedative and hypnotic effect.

Folk remedies

With the help of folk remedies, it is possible to fight hiccups only in the case of its physiological origin. Which methods are used more often than others:

• Press on the root of the tongue, which will cause vomiting, but relieve diaphragmatic spasm;
• Suck on a slice of lemon;
• Place a sugar cube under the tongue and suck it for a long time;
• Swallow a small piece of ice;
• If an attack of hiccups occurs, you need to perform push-ups of the shelf; diaphragmatic contractions will not stop.

Such methods will help to cope with hiccups caused by overeating or congestion. a large number air, but with a pathological origin, these methods are powerless.

Exercises

Some experts recommend fighting physiological hiccups through special exercises, for example, sit-ups. Taking a deep breath, you need to sit down, and on the exhale return to the previous position. Do about 5-10 squats.

Help with hiccups and breathing exercises:

• Breathing with a paper bag;
• Hold your breath for about 20 seconds;
• Smell perfume or essential oil, as a result, breathing changes, focusing on smells. After inhaling the perfume, you need to take two slow breaths and exhalations.

With the help of change respiratory rate can effectively relieve hiccups. You can practice yoga or meditation to help get rid of hiccups.

How to treat?

Episodic hiccups do not require any specific therapy. Physiological hiccups pass on their own after a short period of time, when attention is switched to another activity or object. And in severe cases, specialized therapy is required. medications prescribed by doctor.

After bowel surgery

Sometimes hiccups occur as postoperative complications due to irritation of the vagus nerve. Sometimes such a sign indicates or development.

To eliminate such diaphragmatic contractions, it is necessary to carry out a vagosympathetic novocaine blockade, gastric lavage, and the use of drugs like Aminazine, Diphenhydramine or Atropine.

With oncology and after chemotherapy

In the presence of oncological lesions and after chemotherapy treatment of these formations, a lot of complications can occur. Patients in this situation have to make a choice - to die from cancer, or live with complications as a result of its treatment.

Antitumor drugs negatively affect the gastric mucosa, which contributes to the development of hiccups, however, with the end of the course of therapy, hiccups will also end.

After a stroke

Stroke refers to such acute conditions, after which patients have a mass unpleasant complications. Therefore, patients need post-stroke rehabilitation, including measures aimed at restoring speech functions.

If the patient does not receive the help of a speech therapist-afsiologist or neuropsychologist, coping with post-stroke difficulties on their own, then speech functions may not be restored.

One of the frequent complications of stroke is involuntary diaphragmatic contractions caused by cerebral disorders. It will take additional examination and the help of a specialist to save the patient from stroke hiccups.

Complications

Usually, hiccups do not cause any complications and have no health consequences. But if bouts of hiccups occur too often and disturb the patient for a long time, then they can provoke headaches and loss of strength, stressful conditions and severe fatigue.

Instruction

by the most popular means hiccups is a glass cold water. Pour water into a glass and drink it in small sips at regular intervals. It is assumed that the water will wash away the remnants of food lingering in the lower part, eliminating them irritant effect on the nerve that runs in this area.

The method with water is used in ballet. If the ballerina is before a performance, she may have hiccups that will prevent her from dancing. To quickly take it off, you need to clasp the palms of your hands behind your back into the castle and, leaning slightly forward, drink a glass of water held by the partner.

In case you are overcome by severe hiccups, the following simple exercise will help: connect the end of the little finger on your right hand with the end thumb on the left hand, and connect the end of the little finger on the left hand with the end of the thumb on the right hand. Then carefully observe their location, make a square "window" of your fingers, stretch your arms forward and look through it at the objects surrounding you, try not to break the "construction". Note: when performing this exercise, you need to take the most relaxed position or in a chair. Hiccups should end in 1–1.5 minutes.

If after that you were unable to cope with hiccups, then stand up straight, clasp your hands with a lock behind your back, then slowly rise on your tiptoes, while trying to raise the clasped limbs as high as possible. Do 4-5 sets.

With exhausting hiccups, lie on the floor, slightly raise your head and in this position drink a glass of water very slowly. This is quite difficult to do, but it is by switching to the process of swallowing that you can forget about spasms.

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• How to get rid of hiccups quickly in adults and children, causes

Hiccups occur as a result of convulsive contraction of the diaphragm after overeating, swallowing air during meals, with alcohol intoxication, various diseases. It is a harmless phenomenon, however, it gives a hiccuping person a certain discomfort. There are several ways to deal with it.

You will need

• - plastic bag;
• - sugar;
• - ice;
• - lemon;
• - Red thread.

Instruction

Hold your breath after exhaling and wait for another spasm. After it, take a few shallow breaths and exhale and hold your breath again. Usually 3-5 delays are enough.

You can hold your breath while inhaling. To do this, inhale as much as possible, then continue to inhale air in small portions until the spasms stop. The method is based on the fact that the most air-filled lungs are pressed against others. internal organs don't let it shrink.

Do deep breath and hold your breath. With help respiratory muscles make movements that mimic exhalation.

Take a small plastic bag. Place it over your mouth and nose and press firmly to prevent outside air from entering. Breathe in the air from the bag and exhale into it. Continue until there is no air shortage. With the appearance of this feeling, it should disappear.

Stick your tongue out as much as possible during hiccups. You can even grab it with your fingers. This method, like the previous one, is based on irritation of the posterior pharyngeal wall, where the vagus nerve is localized. It is he who calls. Acting on back wall pharynx, you reduce nerve activity.

Swallow a few small pieces of ice or drink ice water. Suck on a slice of lemon.

Get distracted by something else. Do some exercise, get some work done. Do as our ancestors did: tie a red thread around your head. In the area of ​​​​the face, place it at the level of the bridge of the nose. The thread will divert attention from the hiccups. This method works well.

If the hiccups don't go away within an hour, see your doctor.

If you want to get rid of an annoying interlocutor, start hiccuping. Few people will like that his counterpart, who had just seemed to be taking part in a conversation so cheerfully, suddenly became a victim of an attack of hiccups. You don't have to be a good actor to get hiccups. It is enough to know a few effective methods.

Instruction

Eat a piece of stale bread dry. When biting, chewing, and try to breathe as deeply as possible to induce hiccups. However, the rapid ingestion of any food without any chewing at all can also provoke an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm.

Eat spicy dish, the use of which involuntarily requires the ingestion of large portions of air. And if, in order to somewhat soften the effect of pepper and other spices, you eat a piece of bread without drinking it with water, then hiccups will be practically guaranteed.

Recall a memory of some situation that required you to be strong nervous tension. However, if you are already in an uncomfortable position, hiccups can begin at any time.

Drink a glass of sparkling water in one gulp. If there is no carbonated water at hand, water that tends to zero will also come down, however, it is rather problematic in one breath. In addition, after such a water "procedure" you can not only cause hiccups, but also provoke a sore throat.

Any hypothermia can cause hiccups, whether you've had a drink or not. ice water or just frozen. If the temperature outside the window is below zero, it is enough to open its doors and move closer to it so that the hiccups do not keep you waiting.

Overuse alcohol with a snack and moderate - - can cause a fairly long bout of hiccups. This is due both to the contraction of the diaphragm, which thus protests entering, and to the defeat, which thus signals that it is no longer able to cope with poisons. So this way of causing hiccups is not the best.

For some people, hiccups can be triggered by prolonged laughter, and for almost everyone, prolonged sobbing. So a well-timed anecdote or sad news can cause an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm even without your desire.

Surely, many have encountered such a phenomenon as hiccups. What causes it, what methods are best used to eliminate it?

You need to drink water slowly, in small sips. This is the safest and easiest way.

You can swallow a teaspoon of granulated sugar.

Chew a slice of lemon and swallow the juice.

You need to open your mouth, stretch your tongue forward, grab it and slightly understand, let go.

If a hiccup attack occurs more often than 2-3 times a day, if it causes pain, swallowing disorders, heartburn, then you should consult a doctor.

Hiccups are a rather unpleasant phenomenon, and if you often suffer from bouts of hiccups, you need to take action. Fortunately, there are many simple and available ways eliminate unpleasant problem.

Insert your fingertips into your ears. Since the cause is the vagus nerve, putting pressure on the holes with your fingers can be stopped.

Try to eat one teaspoon of sugar, while sugar should fall on the base.

Gargle with water. Rinsing should be carried out for at least three minutes.

Take a paper bag and try to breathe into it (only this is not needed for long, otherwise you can lose consciousness). This method usually helps quickly, as the system switches to rid the body of excess carbon dioxide.

Try eating a tablespoon of cocoa powder. This is quite difficult and not very pleasant, but it helps very effectively.

Put a large spoonful of peanut butter in your mouth and try to chew it slowly. Usually the process of chewing a sticky mass contributes to the normalization of breathing.

Take a glass of water, cover it with a paper towel and try to drink the water from the glass through the towel. With this method of drinking, the diaphragm tightens and breathing normalizes.

Try to hold your tongue with your hand, pulling it forward a little. This stimulates the opening between vocal cords and help you breathe more smoothly.

If you do not suffer from diseases gastrointestinal tract try drinking a teaspoon of lemon juice.

Place your hand on the door frame and lean forward sharply.

There is an opinion that you can get rid of hiccups by an effort of will, for example, you need to occupy the brain with a solution to a complex arithmetic problem.

Try to quickly take a few small sips of water. Rhythmic contractions of the walls of the esophagus will eliminate unpleasant

Hiccup or Hiccup is the body's reaction to external or external stimuli. internal character. Short hiccups do not pose any danger to humans.

When frequent occurrence seizures, use affordable home remedies and medications. It all depends on the diagnostic results.

1. Definition of Hiccup

Convulsive repeated contraction of the diaphragm of a jerky nature, combined in a series, causes dysfunction external respiration manifested in short, often intense respiratory movements.

In other words, hiccups are a muscle spasm located on the border of the chest and abdominal cavity, as a result of which there is a sharp change in the volume of the chest. A sharp and involuntary breath is caused by expanding lungs.

The result is irritation. nerve endings areas of the mucous membrane of the larynx and reflex closure of the glottis. The duration and frequency of occurrence of seizures allows us to divide diaphragmatic cramps into two types.

Types of hiccups

The classification of Hiccup made it possible to distinguish its two main types:

• episodic or short term. The duration of the attack is about a quarter of an hour.
• Pathological or prolonged. The attack lasts from one hour to a day. Repeated daily for two or more weeks.

In turn, pathological hiccups are divided into three types:

1. Central. It is a symptom of brain damage by diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis.
2. peripheral. It provokes the pathology of the phrenic nerve.
3. toxic. characteristic symptom damage to nerve endings as a result of poisoning.

Hiccups - causes and treatment. How to get rid of hiccups

2. Causes of seizures

Most common cause is hypothermia. Another reason is overeating. A stomach overloaded with food causes diaphragmatic spasms in the same way as a closed pacemaker.

Causes pathological hiccups there are no longer elementary violations of the regime, but serious problems with health:

• Violations of the activity of the central nervous system;
• Increased intracranial pressure;
• Sudden compression of the nerve root caused by a herniated disc;
• The presence of neoplasms in the neck, esophagus, lungs.

3. Diseases that cause pathological hiccups

A number of diseases accompanied by the Hiccup symptom include:

4. Diagnostics

Diagnosis that reveals the causes of hiccups of a pathological nature includes a series of examinations and the delivery of several types of tests.

Analyzes

• To determine serum electrolytes and trace element content;
• Detection of kidney damage by determining blood urea nitrogen and creatinine;
• Determining the level of sugar in the blood.

Research

• X-ray examination of the chest, which allows to identify damage to the vagus and phrenic nerves;
• Holding endoscopic examination throat, upper divisions gastrointestinal tract and esophagus;
• X-ray, which reveals the presence of an obstacle with the obligatory intake of a barium mixture;
• Determination of the level of acidity.

Brain MRI is also indicated computed tomography chest.

If as a result diagnostic examination any diseases have been identified, one of the symptoms of which is hiccups, treatment is prescribed, as a result of which this symptom disappears.

5. Treatment for hiccups

Despite the fact that after the elimination of the main cause of the symptom, it usually disappears, it can and should be treated.

medical methods

You can get rid of seizures by using the following advice, which is often offered by doctors. The method consists in frequent and rapid swallowing of saliva, strong protrusion of the tongue and light pressure on the eyelids of closed eyes.

However, the best way is to eliminate the symptom with medical preparations. The list of medicines includes:

• corvalol,
• atropine,
• cerucal,
• motilium.

Their effect is aimed at normalizing the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

If we are talking O neurological reasons, then drugs related to antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants will help.

Application medicines does not always give positive effect. In this case, such means as hypnosis are provided, novocaine blockade and holding acupressure.

home remedies

Among the most common methods for eliminating attacks of convulsive contraction of the diaphragm at home, the most common are:

6. Prevention of hiccups

In order to exclude the sudden and not always timely appearance of hiccups, you must follow simple rules:

The overall prognosis of Hiccup treatment is favorable. Cure the underlying disease, and you will get rid of pathological attacks. Take medications or attend acupressure sessions, and the result will not be long in coming. Concerning short-term hiccups, then they cope quite effectively here folk methods suitable for home use.

Engaged in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the stomach, esophagus and 12 duodenal ulcer, diseases of the pancreas and liver of alcoholic etiology. Treats intestinal dysbacteriosis and constipation.

Description:

Hiccups are caused by a sudden contraction of the diaphragm. The glottis closes immediately after its contraction, thus forming characteristic sound. Hiccups are a reflex (an automatic action of the body that a person cannot control). However, unlike other reflexes such as and , hiccups do not have any useful function. Short bouts of hiccups are harmless. Persistent hiccups (lasting more than 48 hours) - a rare event, and such a pathology requires a medical examination.

Causes of occurrence:

Hiccups are very common. It occurs in men and women with equal frequency, and occurs mainly in evening time. Hiccups are very common in pregnant women.
Most people experience brief bouts of hiccups from time to time. In most cases, it starts for no apparent reason, lasts for a while, and then stops. Sometimes it is due to the following factors:
1. Sudden excitement or emotional stress.
2. When overeating, fast eating, drinking carbonated drinks, swallowing air.
3. A sudden change in temperature (very hot or cold food, drinks, cold shower etc.).
4. Alcohol.
5. Smoking.
More than 100 major diseases can cause persistent hiccups that last more than 48 hours. Some of them are common, such as acid reflux, and some of them are quite rare. In addition to hiccups, there are other symptoms characteristic of the underlying disease. In some cases, persistent hiccups do not have any obvious reason. Factors that can lead to persistent hiccups are:
- certain medications - steroids, tranquilizers, painkillers containing opiates (eg morphine) and methyldopa;
- changes in the blood, for example, from alcohol, with high content blood sugar, or lack of calcium or potassium in the blood;
- concomitant pathology organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
- general ;
- pathology of the organs of the neck, chest or abdominal cavity. For example, tonsillitis, tumors in these parts of the body.
- some heart diseases;
-, or infection of the brain;
- hiccups sometimes occur on late stages.

Treatment:

For treatment appoint:

Treatment short bouts of hiccups in most cases do not need treatment, bouts of hiccups usually disappear soon.
Popular methods to stop hiccups:
- blockade respiratory tract on a short time. This can be done by placing your fingers over your ears and closing your nostrils. In this position, take a sip of water from a glass;
- drink ice water slowly;
- eat a slice of lemon or something sour;
Hold your breath or breathe into a paper bag.
- pull your knees to your chest and / or lean forward, grabbing your chest.
You can use a technique called the Valsalva maneuver: try to perform movements similar to exhalation movements with the vocal cords closed.
If hiccups persist for more than 48 hours, or frequent short bouts of hiccups occur, you should consult a doctor. If the doctor determines the need to apply drug therapy, then chlorpromazine or haloperidol may be prescribed, which can relax the muscles of the diaphragm. For stomach problems such as acid reflux or gastric distension: anti-acid drugs (omeprazole, ranitidine, etc.) and others (eg metoclopramide). Baclofen is a medicine that helps relax muscles. Gabapentin may also help. able to reduce the supply of impulses to the diaphragm. Ketamine, an intravenous anesthetic, may be used when other methods have failed. Intravenous injections metoclopramide can cure hiccups that occur after anesthesia. Midamisole and other tranquilizers can help control hiccups and relieve the stress it causes.
For persistent hiccups, some procedures can be applied:
1. Acupuncture.
2. Hypnosis.
3. Blockade of the phrenic nerve, which consists in its intersection. The need for the procedure should be carefully considered, as the potential for complications is high.

For hiccups that continue despite treatment, a phrenic nerve block is sometimes used. This includes interrupting the innervation to the diaphragm (phrenic nerve), for example, by injecting local anesthetic near the nerve. However, this treatment must be carefully analyzed: it carries risks because the phrenic nerve plays important role in breath.