Left ventricular dystrophy. What does the term "hypertrophy" mean? Types of pathological changes

Left ventricular hypertrophy or cardiomyopathy is a very common heart lesion in patients diagnosed with hypertension. This is a rather dangerous disease, since often its final stage in 4% of all cases is fatal.

What it is?

Hypertrophy implies thickening of the walls of the left ventricle and this is not due to the peculiarities of the internal space. The septum between the ventricles changes, tissue elasticity is lost.

Thickening in this case is not necessarily uniform, but can occur only in some areas of localization.

In itself, hypertrophy is not a diagnosis, but is one of the symptoms of any disease of the cardiovascular system. Mainly hypertonic disease. In addition, various types of heart defects, frequent and heavy loads on the heart muscle can be distinguished.

In order for the heart muscle to increase in size, the following conditions are necessary for this:

A large load, which by volume leads to the expansion of the internal cavity of the heart. At the same time, during systole, the myocardium begins to contract more strongly.
Pressure load on the heart, which is characterized by the fact that in order to expel blood, muscle contraction must occur much more often and stronger.

Both of these provoking factors will contribute to the thickening of contractile fibers - myofibrils of cardiomyocytes. In parallel, there is a launch of mechanisms for increasing connective tissues. The heart needs to increase its ability to expand more and more, so the development of collagen will occur faster.

Therefore, it turns out that hypertrophy in almost all cases leads to a violation of the structure of the myocardium. The more intense the process of hypertrophy, the faster the ratio of collagen and myocytes decreases.

The most dangerous situation- intense and sharp physical activity. It concerns people who smoke, alcohol abusers or sedentary individuals who have a sharp increase in physical activity. If the modification of the left ventricle did not lead to death, then this does not mean that it is safe for health. She can carry quite a lot serious violations It could be myocardial infarction or stroke.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a signal that indicates a deterioration in the conditions in which the myocardium is located at that time. This is like a warning, indicating to a person the need to stabilize their blood pressure and properly distribute the load.

Causes of hypertrophy

One of the main causes of left ventricular hypertrophy is heredity. A genetic predisposition is seen in those people who have had cases of heart disease in their family. Thickening of the walls of the left ventricle in such people is noted quite often.

Other reasons include the following:

hypertonic disease;
ischemia of the heart;
diabetes;
atrial fibrillation;
atherosclerosis;
aortic valve stenosis;
big weight;
diseases of the peripheral system;
great physical activity;
emotional instability;
anxiety, excitement, stress;
muscular dystrophy;
insufficient sleep and rest;
immobility;
smoking;
alcoholism;
Farby disease.

Long and strenuous sports, frequent training can also cause left ventricular hypertrophy. All of the above factors contribute to an increase in blood pulsation, as a result of which the heart muscle thickens. And this leads to compaction of the walls of the left ventricle.

Symptom

Hypertrophy provokes changes not only in the area of the walls of the left ventricle. A similar expansion also extends outward. Very common with thickening inner wall, there is a sealing of the septum between the ventricles.

The symptomatology of the disease is heterogeneous. In some cases, patients do not even know for several years that they have left ventricular hypertrophy. It is also possible that at the very beginning of the disease, the state of health becomes simply unbearable.

Correctly prescribed therapy includes drugs that normalize blood pressure and reduce heart rate. Also used to prevent the progression of hypertrophy ACE inhibitors. Thanks to them, the symptoms of the disease gradually decrease.

All medications, primarily aimed at improving myocardial nutrition and recovery normal rhythm hearts. These include: Verapamil, beta-blockers and antihypertensive drugs(Ramipril, Enalaprim and others).

Treatment with folk remedies

Alternative methods of treatment of traditional medicine in the treatment of hypertrophy are used, but not often. The exceptions are those substances that have antioxidant properties, as well as some plants that have a calming effect.

Plants that can strengthen the walls of blood vessels and purify blood from atherosclerotic plaques are also used. It is useful to take vitamins, dietary supplements containing potassium, omega, calcium, magnesium and selenium.

As additional funds for hypertrophy, decoctions and infusions of the following medicinal herbs are used:

Mix 3 tablespoons of motherwort grass, 2 tablespoons of cudweed and wild rosemary, 1 spoon kidney tea. Pour a large spoonful of this mixture into one and a half glasses cold water and boil for 5 minutes. Wrap the broth in a warm cloth and leave for 4 hours. After straining, take warm three times a day before meals, half a glass. The interval between taking the decoction and eating should be a quarter of an hour.
Pounded cranberries with sugar in a small spoon three times a day after meals are considered very useful.

Diet

Therapeutic diet is an integral part of the treatment of hypertrophy. You should eat up to 6 times a day in small portions.

Avoid salt, fried, fatty and smoked foods. The diet should always include dairy and sour-milk products, fruits and vegetables in fresh, seafood, lean meats. flour products should limit and minimize the consumption of sweet foods, limit animal fats.

Prevention

To the main preventive action to prevent the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy include:

Lifestyle change:
- to give up smoking;
- alcohol abuse;
- following a diet that is limited to 300 mg of cholesterol per day and minimal fat intake;
- moderately active lifestyle.
Fight against risk factors:
- bringing body weight to normal levels;
- normalization of blood pressure.
Drug control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia is necessary if lifestyle correction does not work:
- maintaining normal level Sahara;
- control of other risk factors in diabetes mellitus;
- decrease in the tendency to the formation of blood clots;
- women childbearing age It is recommended to avoid taking oral contraceptives.

Compliance with all preventive measures in the complex will avoid the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy. It will also improve general well-being will improve the quality of life.

Cardiologist, Doctor of functional diagnostics

Dr. Zhuravlev has been helping patients with cardiopathology to get rid of problems in the work of the heart and blood vessels for many years, so the specialist conducts a comprehensive therapy for hypertension, ischemia, and arrhythmia.

Myocardial dystrophy is a concept denoting a secondary lesion or various violations pathological in the heart muscle. Often this disease is a complication of heart disease, accompanied by malnutrition of the myocardium. Dystrophy brings with it a decrease in muscle tone, which can become fertile ground for the formation of heart failure. It occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, which is why its cells do not receive enough air for your normal functioning. This leads to atrophy or complete death of myocardial tissue.

Etiology
Varieties
Symptoms
Diagnostics
Treatment
Prevention

Changes in the work of the heart in myocardial dystrophy are reversible. A timely diagnosis and treatment will forever save the patient from the disorder of the heart. The disease is confirmed only if there is evidence of a violation metabolic processes which causes muscle breakdown. At risk are people over forty years of age. But recently there has been a decrease in the lower age threshold.

Etiology

The reasons for the progression of myocardial dystrophy are quite diverse. They are divided into factors that directly affect the functioning of the heart and causes that do not directly affect the organ (they act through external factors).

The first group of reasons include:

decreased oxygen uptake by the heart;
elevated levels of calcium in the ventricles of the heart;
myocardial damage by fat cells;
destruction of the organ structure by pathogenic bacteria;
reduction of healthy cells in the heart, due to the impact of other disease processes.

The second group includes:

the effect of hormones on muscle layer hearts;
all kinds acute poisoning organism ( drugs, alcohol, nicotine, medications);
the impact on the body of a large dose of radiation;
prolonged stress, depression, apathy;
a large physical load leads to the detection of such a disease in athletes;
malnutrition, which, for the most part, consists of very fatty and salty foods;
abnormal functioning of the organs of the endocrine and digestive systems.

Varieties

Depending on the causes and symptoms, myocardial dystrophy can be:

ischemic - is formed due to the receipt not enough air into the myocardium. Rarely, a blood clot is found in the arteries that oxygenate the muscle;
focal. The main reason for the appearance lies in the violation of blood circulation through the arteries connected to the muscle. There have been cases of the disease without symptoms. In such people, even heart attacks were painless;
fatty - is formed diffusely, i.e. due to the accumulation of a small amount of fat in myocardial cells (cardiomyocytes). Gradually, the level of fat increases and eventually it completely replaces the cytoplasm. The main reason for the formation of this type of disease is the insufficient intake of proteins and vitamins;
dishormonal - appears as a result of a violation hormonal balance in organism. Mostly women are affected during the cessation of menstruation or other gynecological problems. In men, it is associated with impaired production of the hormone testosterone;
left ventricle of the heart. This type of disease is not independent, but occurs against the background of any disease;
toxic - appears in people suffering from alcohol dependence;
physical stress - athletes are susceptible, due to poor blood circulation. In professional athletes, heart muscle cells are replaced by connective tissue, which is not designed to stretch.

Dystrophic change in the muscles of the heart is divided into several stages of development:

primary - characteristic pain attacks in the region of the heart, shortness of breath and a rapid decrease in energy, without the effect of physical exertion. At this stage, there is a possibility of an increase in the size of the heart. It is impossible to cure;
the second stage - there is a violation of the rhythm of the heart and swelling of the extremities, which are almost invisible. When the heart contracts, it pumps less blood than when it relaxes. With adequate and timely treatment, there is a chance of restoring healthy heart function;
the last - this stage is characterized by a lack of air not only in motion, but also at rest, a decrease in the patient's ability to work. The heart does not move as much blood flow as it does during normal operation. This stage is irreversible.

Symptoms

If the diagnosis of the disease was not made in young age, then, most likely, it proceeded without symptoms, so the patient did not go to the doctor. But basically, without the expression of signs, the disease does not go away. The main symptoms of myocardial dystrophy include:

angina;
increase in pressure;
feeling of lack of air;
constant feeling of fear and insecurity;
violation of the heart rhythm. It is observed very often in focal dystrophy;
puffiness lower extremities;
decrease in working capacity;
high fatigue;
sleep disturbance;
increased sweating;
weight loss;
irritability of the patient;
shortness of breath at rest;
spreading pain all over the left side of the body.

Diagnostics

At the first appointment with the doctor, a detailed clarification of the patient's complaints takes place and a complete examination is carried out. Since in some cases the disease can proceed without symptoms, additional instrumental techniques will be needed for diagnosis:

MRI of the heart;
radiography;
Ultrasound of the heart;
phonocardiography. Makes it possible to detect minor heart murmurs;
electrocardiography - reveals anomalies of the heart at any level;
biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment of myocardial dystrophy, in the first place, is based on the elimination of the sources of its occurrence. Depending on the factors of occurrence and the general health of the patient, doctors prescribe:

taking medications to normalize the work of the heart;
hormonal drugs;
vitamin injections.

Medications are aimed at normalizing the rhythm of the heart. Because the causes of the formation of the disease are purely personal, this group drugs are prescribed by doctors purely individually.

Home therapy is prohibited. In such ways, you can only worsen the course of the disease and increase the risk of complications. And what began with a slight disruption of the heart may become an incurable process of dystrophic thinning of the myocardium.

Treatment of the disease with surgery is almost never practiced, because drugs are fully capable of reducing the manifestation or completely eliminating the symptoms of the disease. Heart surgery is performed only when signs of pronounced heart failure are detected:

violation of the rhythm of the heartbeat;
shortness of breath is not accompanied by physical exertion;
permanent swelling of the extremities.

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To understand what myocardial dystrophy is, you need to know the definition of the term "myocardium". This is a striated muscle of the heart that performs the function of a "pump". Namely, pumping blood through the heart. Thus, dystrophy of the heart muscle is a violation of its functioning.

What is included in the concept of "dystrophy of the heart muscle"

WITH medical point myocardial dystrophy is a violation of the functioning of the muscular tissue of the heart, not associated with inflammatory lesions, but arising under the influence of pathological changes in the chemical and biophysical processes responsible for the contraction of the heart.

Until 1936, myocardial dystrophy was included in the concept of myocarditis. G. F. Lang found that non-inflammatory pathologies can be the causes of myocarditis. Thus, myocardial dystrophy began to stand out separately. Those cases when there are only initial changes in muscle tissue (hypertrophy) and the reasons for their occurrence are not clear are usually called primary cardiopathies.

Myocardial dystrophy extends to all muscle cells hearts. Therefore, it is ridiculous to hear such diagnoses as "dystrophy of the left ventricle of the heart." Probably, this refers to left ventricular hypertrophy (in other words, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Unlike this disease, myocardial dystrophy is considered a reversible pathology. Consequently, it does not cause specific morphological changes in the heart muscle.

Main reasons

Any changes and pathologies of the body have their own reasons, but not all of them can still be determined. Myocardial dystrophy is one of such diseases. The main ones are:

- hypoxemia (decrease in the oxygen content in the blood);

— toxic poisoning(including drug addiction and alcoholism);

- avitaminosis ( complete absence vitamins) and hypovitaminosis ( vitamin deficiency);

- general dystrophy, cachexia (extreme exhaustion of the body);

- endocrine disorders (impaired function of the pituitary gland, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis);

- violation of electrolyte, fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism;

- myopathy, myasthenia gravis (neuromuscular disorders);

- violation of the hormonal background (with menopause);

- Improper fasting and some diets.

Clinic of cardiac muscle dystrophy

Clinical picture this violation depends on the underlying disease in which myocardial dystrophy occurs. Common complaints are:

— discomfort in the cardiac region;

- general weakness;

- pain in the heart of aching, stabbing and pressing nature, not responding to nitroglycerin and having long course;

— decrease in working capacity;

- fast fatiguability;

- arrhythmias (more often extrasystole and tachycardia).

Dystrophy of the heart muscle is comorbidity and further diagnosed. For this reason, there is no special methods making this diagnosis. Clinical symptoms are best shown by an ECG.

Treatment and prevention

The duration of treatment and the drugs prescribed are determined by the underlying disease that caused changes in the functioning of the heart muscle. Naturally, all these are the functions of a doctor. If myocardial dystrophy is put as the main diagnosis, it is necessary to insist on determining the cause that caused this disease. The effectiveness of the prescribed course depends on this.

Prevention of myocardial dystrophy is the prevention and timely treatment of major diseases. Such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and others. Compliance with certain principles of behavior will also reduce the risk of heart muscle dystrophy (refusal of bad habits, good nutrition age-appropriate physical activity, etc.).

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Causes of dystrophic damage to the heart muscle

Speaking of types dystrophic lesion heart, then the division is based on the causes of this pathology. There are two main groups of factors contributing to the development of the process.

Heart disease:

cardiomyopathy;
myocarditis;
chronic ischemic heart disease.
anemia;

Extracardiac pathology:
hormonal imbalance (diseases thyroid gland, adrenal glands, gonads);
various poisonings (professional, medical and others);
alimentary obesity;
chronic alcohol intoxication.

Excessive physical activity is also distinguished as a factor contributing to the development of dystrophic changes in the myocardium, which is important for professional athletes.

As you can see, there are quite a few reasons that can contribute to dystrophic changes in the heart. Each of them has its own mechanism for the development of the pathological process.

Consider the mechanism of the formation of myocardial dystrophy using the example of overweight, as well as alcohol intoxication as an example. trigger factors in view of the relevance of these problems today.

Myocardial dystrophy against the background of alimentary obesity

In the presence of overweight body, as a rule, increased intake fatty acids into cardiomyocytes (myocardial cells), which leads to metabolic disorders at the cellular level.

Besides, adipose tissue grows profusely under the epicardium (the outer shell of the heart), grows into the myocardium and gradually replaces normal muscle tissue. Thus, it develops fatty degeneration myocardium.

Myocardial dystrophy against the background of chronic alcohol intoxication

With the constant intake of ethanol in the body, its direct effect toxic effect on cardiomyocytes.

In addition, acetaldehyde, which is a product of ethanol metabolism, also has a toxic effect on myocardial cells.

Morphologically, this is manifested by focal disintegration of cardiomyocytes, the appearance of foci of sclerosis. The myocardium itself becomes thinner, its contractility. Thus, cardiac dystrophy leads to the formation of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

Clinical manifestations of pathology

In the initial stages of the development of this pathology, there are usually no symptoms. The pathological process can develop for quite a long time (months, and sometimes years), while the symptoms appear gradually increasing. Among the most typical complaints:

general weakness, increased fatigue;
shortness of breath with minor physical exertion;
moderately pronounced tachycardia (increased heart rate, increased heart rate);
pain in the region of the heart, often dull, aching.

Important! Without timely diagnosis and treatment, the pathological process will steadily progress, which will inevitably lead to the formation of heart failure.

Unfortunately, very often patients go to the doctor already at this stage.

Heart failure is characterized by:

pastosity of the legs and feet, gradually turning into edema of the lower extremities, later - into anasarca (swelling of the whole body);
violations heart rate(tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, extrasystole);
shortness of breath, gradually increasing, progresses up to shortness of breath at rest.

Of course, all this affects the quality of life of patients. The general state of health is significantly worsened, the possibilities of patients are significantly limited.

Degenerative changes in the myocardium can be detected already in the early stages of development using electrocardiography (ECG), which is a simple and affordable method.

Early diagnosis is the key successful treatment. With timely and adequate therapy, complete compensation of the pathological process is possible. But if a patient seeks medical help already at an advanced stage of the process, then, as a rule, it is not possible to fully compensate for the process.

Treatment and prevention of the disease

For effective therapy first of all, it is necessary to identify the cause of the development of dystrophic changes in the heart. If the cause was anemia, a correction of this condition is necessary, if alcohol abuse is a complete rejection of alcoholic beverages, and so on. In general, such a condition as myocardial dystrophy requires an integrated approach.

It must be remembered that such a problem as myocardial dystrophy, in any case, remains with the patient until the end of his life.

Even if the pathology is detected in the early stages and is amenable to drug correction, compliance preventive measures mandatory for patients throughout their lives.

When advanced cases are detected, it is usually extremely difficult to find adequate therapy, and sometimes it is not possible to achieve full compensation of the state. In the most severe cases, when far advanced changes in the myocardium take place, only one effective treatment option is possible - heart transplantation.

Summing up all of the above, I would like to note that myocardial dystrophy is a serious problem which is current today.

Each of us should be attentive to our health and pay attention to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, discomfort and, of course, pain in the heart area. After all, prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment are much more effective than symptomatic therapy running stages of the process.

Brief information: Panangin belongs to a group of drugs that correct metabolic processes at the cellular level.

The drug contains potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate as active ingredients. These substances penetrate into cardiomyocytes and are included in metabolic processes, contributing to their normalization. The drug is effective in violations of the heart rhythm, development coronary insufficiency, hypokalemia and tissue hypoxia.

The drug can be used only after consultation with the attending physician, who will select the optimal dosage.

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Dystrophic changes

Left ventricular dystrophy is not independent disease, but a pathological condition caused by a violation of metabolic processes in the heart muscle. Metabolic disorders cause morphological changes in tissue at the cellular level. The state of all other organs (kidneys, liver, brain) depends on the work of the heart.

With dystrophy, the function of the heart muscle is disrupted, which is manifested by circulatory disorders. With absence curative measures this condition can cause atrophy of the heart fibers, heart failure and myocardial necrosis (infarction). The most dangerous dystrophy in untrained individuals, since any overload of the heart can lead to serious consequences.

Main etiological factors

The left ventricle suffers from different reasons. There are the following etiological factors:

cardiomyopathy;
inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis);
anemia
pathology of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism);
diabetes;
diseases of the adrenal glands;
obesity;
alcohol poisoning;
cachexia (exhaustion);
prolonged fasting;
vasculitis;
violation of the process of absorption of nutrients.

Predisposing factors include poor, unbalanced nutrition, atherosclerosis, metabolic disorders, alcoholism, smoking. A common cause is cardiomyopathy. Its development is due viral diseases, exposure to toxic compounds, drugs and allergens, endocrine disorders, heredity.

If the parents suffered from left ventricular dystrophy, then the children have high probability development of this state in the future. Dystrophy of the left heart is the result of chronic ischemia. The reason is a violation of blood flow in the coronary arteries.

This is called coronary heart disease. Risk factors include depletion of blood with oxygen due to anemia (decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells). Dystrophy of the heart muscle is often detected in chronic alcoholics and athletes during intense exercise.

How does pathology manifest itself?

Signs of left ventricular dystrophy in the early stages do not appear or are slightly noticeable. The wall of the left ventricle becomes thinner. Normally, its thickness varies from 11 to 14 mm. In such individuals, the contractility of the heart is disturbed, which can eventually lead to chronic heart failure. Symptoms of dystrophy against the background of cardiac pathology are determined by the underlying disease.

The following symptoms are most often observed:

weakness;
malaise;
poor exercise tolerance;
violation of the heart rhythm;
feeling of heartbeat;
pale skin;
dyspnea;
decrease in working capacity;
increased heart rate;
dull or It's a dull pain in the chest.

Dystrophic changes develop gradually over several years.

Symptoms develop slowly. In the absence of proper treatment, the condition worsens. The appearance of edema on the legs, face and trunk, the development of atrial fibrillation, shortness of breath at rest, pastosity of the lower extremities - all this indicates the development of heart failure.

Examination and treatment tactics

Treatment of patients with left ventricular dystrophy is carried out after thorough examination. You may need to consult other specialists (endocrinologist). The following studies are needed:

auscultation of the heart and lungs;
electrocardiography;
echocardiography;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
multislice tomography;
general clinical analyzes of urine and blood;
biochemical blood test;
radiography;
angiography;
coronary angiography.

An instrumental study helps to assess the condition of all chambers of the heart, their volume and thickness. Electrocardiography measures heart rate and chamber function. Blood pressure must be measured. A blood test often reveals anemia, increased levels of urea and creatinine. An increase in bile acids is possible.

It is necessary to treat patients after establishing the cause of ventricular dystrophy. Pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy is carried out. Be sure to prescribe medications that improve metabolic processes in the heart muscle (Asparkam, Panangin). In the presence of chronic ischemic disease, the following groups of drugs can be used:

antihypertensive;
nitrates;
lowering the level of lipids in the blood;
antiplatelet agents;
anticoagulants.

With developed anemia, iron preparations are prescribed. Cardiac arrhythmia is an indication for the appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs. To normalize metabolic processes, vitamins and minerals are included in the treatment regimen. If a diagnosis of chronic heart failure is made, then cardiac glycosides (Digoxin) should be used.

All patients need to change their lifestyle. It is required to limit physical activity, adhere to proper nutrition, give up cigarettes and alcohol. Obesity should be reduced daily calorie content food. With cachexia, on the contrary, you need to enrich the diet high-calorie foods. Limit the intake of salt and animal fats.

Of great importance is the complete night sleep(8-9 hours), organization of breaks during work, exception stressful situations. It is recommended to visit sanatoriums and resorts annually. Thus, dystrophy of the left ventricle can cause circulatory failure. This state requires long-term treatment.

Ischemic heart disease treatment How to induce a heart attack

The problems under consideration and the unpleasant manifestations associated with them worry about a third of patients who have crossed the forty-year mark, but can also affect young people.

List of diseases:

dystrophy;
atherosclerosis of the left ventricle of the heart;
hypertrophy;
arterial hypertension;
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

How is the disease of the heart ventricles, in particular the left ventricle, manifested? The most dangerous thing is that at the beginning of the disease - nothing, so it is important not to miss preventive examinations, especially for the elderly.

Dystrophy

The disorder is characterized by depletion of the tissues of the walls of the ventricle.

Causes of the disease:

avitaminosis;
anemia;
bad habits, alcohol, smoking;
stress and hard work;
metabolic and endocrine diseases;
myopathy.

Symptoms:

chronic fatigue;
intolerance to physical activity;
pain in the left chest;
cardiac arrhythmias.

For diagnosis, patients are sent for ECG and other hardware examinations.

Classification and etiology:

Fatty degeneration, caused by a violation fat metabolism due to alcohol overdose or blood diseases.
Dishormonal exhaustion, most often occurs against the background of hormonal failure during menopause in women. The main symptom is constant shortage oxygen.
Ischemic dystrophy is a dangerous condition, as it occurs against the background of problems with the coronary vessels. Ischemic myocardium provokes severe heart failure.
Diffuse tissue depletion is caused by inflammatory processes in the myocardium.
Granular dystrophy occurs against the background of protein metabolism disorders.

H a young and healthy person can get sick due to intense physical activities causing overload of the cardiovascular system. The main danger is the death of the myocardium, against the background of anemia, beriberi, violations of protein and electrolyte metabolism. The condition is complicated by severe arrhythmias, dilatation, and high blood pressure.

Dystrophy therapy

Regardless of the form of the disease, treatment begins with lifestyle changes. The patient must follow a certain diet, cure all chronic diseases, adjust the daily routine and get rid of bad habits.

IN conservative therapy drugs are used that affect the metabolic processes in the body, anabolic steroids that restore the structure of tissues and other nonsteroidal drugs.

Drug therapy:

inosine;
nebol;
nerobolil;
potassium orotate;
asparkam;
panangin;
vitamins and minerals.

Hypertrophic changes in the myocardium of the left ventricle

Hypertrophy is an increase muscle mass hearts. Violation is caused by certain reasons:

anomalies in the structure of the heart;
arterial hypertension;
cardiomyopathy;
cardiomegaly.

A disease such as arterial hypertension leads to concentric hypertrophy of the heart muscle. The disorder develops as a compensation for insufficient blood circulation.

In its development, the disease goes through three stages:

compensation;
subcompensation;
decompensation.

In the early stages clinical manifestations no, signs of angina pectoris and chronic heart failure begin to bother in the third stage.

Symptoms of hypertrophy:

weak pulse;
nocturnal, dry, hearty cough;
chronic fatigue;
shortness of breath at rest;
swelling of the face.

In a state of decompensation, cardiac asthma begins to appear, caused by stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation.

With a severe degree of the disease, not only the face, but also the body swells, the patient cannot lie down, as he begins to suffocate.

According to the swelling of the abdominal cavity, it can be concluded that right ventricular failure develops.

Treatment of hypertrophy of the left ventricular muscle

Treatment of the disease begins after a complete examination. The patient is referred for an electrocardiogram, ultrasound, echo and other instrumental examinations.

Signs of abnormal ECG:

The electrical axis deviates slightly to the left, less often it is in horizontal position. A strong deviation of the axis to the left for this disease is uncharacteristic.
The more severe the hypertrophy, the taller the RV6 and RV5 teeth will be.
The teeth of SV2 and SV1 are deep.
STV5 and STV5 segments fall below the line.

If left ventricular dysfunction is detected, it is determined which way the therapy will be carried out: surgical or conservative. The most common treatment is surgery.

Types of surgery:

stenting and angioplasty;
replacement of valves with prostheses;
commisurotomy.

Abnormal structure of the left ventricle

Anomalies are most often congenital.

The vices include:

narrowing of the aorta or its caortation;
ventricular septal defect;
absence of a lung artery;
underdevelopment of the left ventricle;
no tricuspid valve.

Left ventricular defects are most often included in the picture of multiple defects caused by genetic abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome and others.

The detection of these pathologies in the fetus during fetal development and in newborns can save the lives of many children.

D used to detect instrumental methods diagnostics:

electrocardiogram;
radiography.

Treatment - only by surgery, operated children can live like all healthy people, subject to the principles healthy eating And right image life.

Folk methods of treatment

Healers offer to treat functional disorders of the left ventricle with folk remedies.

Many traditional medicine recipes can restore the health of patients, but it should be remembered that any herbal medicine is taken only after the approval of the attending physician.

Self-medication leads to sad consequences.

Herbal treatment

For the treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, drops from lily of the valley are used (carefully, the plant is poisonous). It is better not to prepare drops on your own, but to purchase at a pharmacy.

less dangerous but effective remedy can be made with garlic. For medicine, take a few cloves of garlic, grind and mix with honey. Take one teaspoon before meals, three times a day.

Health food

To restore the functionality of the heart, in particular its ventricles, cardiologists advise adhering to therapeutic diet. There are several of them: No. 10, 10a, 10i, 10s. Every diet has its own purpose.

Table No. 10 is intended for patients with a mild degree of heart failure. The diet allows you to restore blood circulation and reduce the load on the heart and blood vessels.

Table No. 10a is intended for patients who have had a myocardial infarction, with moderate and severe heart failure. The diet restores the functioning of the kidneys and affects the metabolic processes in the body.

Table No. 10 is necessary for patients with myocardial infarction, the diet restores the myocardium and allows you to quickly get out of a serious condition.

Table No. 10c is prescribed for people with atherosclerosis, this diet lowers blood cholesterol levels and slows down the formation of sclerotic plaques.

More about each diet

Treatment table №10

Minimizes salt and fluid intake.

Forbidden:

Coffee and tea;
alcohol;
spices and seasonings;
fatty meat and fish;
liver;
strong fish and meat broths;
radish;
pickled and pickled vegetables.

The norm of liquid, including soups, per day should not exceed one liter. Only ready-made dishes are added, salt per day is not more than 5 grams.

Allowed products:

Sour cream in this diet is served only as a dressing for the finished dish; it cannot be consumed whole.

Treatment table number 10a

The diet limits the use of all types of bread, only crackers are allowed. Soups and broths are completely excluded, fatty food and salt. All dishes are served boiled and as mashed potatoes.

stimulating drinks such as coffee and tea;
salt;
sodium mineral waters;
grape juice;
fried foods;
cold desserts.

Bread is replaced with salt-free crackers, the liquid rate is even less than in the previous diet, eating in small portions and often the basic rules of nutrition.

Table number 10 and

The amount of liquid is not more than seven hundred milliliters per day, soups and salt are excluded from the diet. The diet is designed for the first recovery week after a heart attack.

The patient is served on the table:

fresh squeezed juices;
dairy dishes;
cottage cheese;
vegetable puree.

After a week, more nutritious foods are gradually introduced into the diet.

Table No. 10c

A diet aimed at combating atherosclerosis excludes sugar and sweets, as well as:

artificial fats;
strong decoctions of meat, fish and mushrooms;
pickles and canned food;
grape juice;
muffin;
sorrel, spinach;
mushrooms;
radish;
smoked products.

Diet helps to lose weight with obesity.

What can be served on the table:

By following the prescription of the attending physician, including the diet, the patient gives himself a chance for recovery and a full life in the future.

The heart is the motor of the whole body, which contributes to the functioning of all systems and organs. But, sometimes it fails, this is due to various diseases. The most serious is dystrophy of the ventricle of the heart - a violation of the metabolic process in the heart. This disease occurs in case of insufficient saturation of the myocardium with oxygen, with improper electrolyte, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and with vitamin deficiency. An equally common cause is overworking of the heart muscle.

Causes

Before proceeding with the treatment of the disease, it is necessary to deal with the factors that provoked the manifestation of the disease. This is what will reduce the risk of the disease, and if it has already overtaken, then you can quickly pick up necessary therapy. Dystrophy can manifest itself against the background of such disorders and diseases:

Poisoning (including alcohol).
Constant physical stress.
Violation of metabolic processes.
Anemia.
Problems with the endocrine system.
Avitaminosis.
Myopathy.
Constant stress.

There are many reasons why ventricular dystrophy occurs, but knowing about them, you can instantly start fighting them and get rid of them forever.

Symptoms

In order for the treatment to be effective and fast, it is necessary to see the problem and its manifestations in advance. The main symptoms of the disease include:

a feeling of fatigue that was not there before;
moderate tachycardia.

If you consider all the symptoms of the disease, you will notice that they are blurry, and some may not even appear. It is because of this that it is difficult to determine the disease in the early stages. The most accurate diagnosis can be found by visiting a cardiologist and making an ECG.

Types of dystrophy of the ventricles of the heart

Dystrophy of the ventricle of the heart has several subspecies, regardless of what contributed to its development. Consider the features of each type:

Fatty degeneration of the myocardium- the name itself speaks for itself, the disease occurs due to a violation of the metabolism of fats in the body. It is most often the result of hypoxia, which arose due to cardiovascular disease, alcohol intoxication or blood diseases.
Dishormonal dystrophy occurs due to a hormonal imbalance, often with menopause. This type is characterized by pain in the region of the heart, and there is a lack of oxygen. In women, this disease is also accompanied by fatigue, irritability and sleep problems.
Ischemic dystrophy. This subspecies manifests itself as a result of a coronary crisis and is very dangerous, as it can provoke heart failure, which is life-threatening. Such dystrophy is popularly known as focal myocardial ischemia.
Diffuse dystrophy ventricle often occurs as a result of inflammatory processes in the heart muscle. This type is diagnosed thanks to the ECG. Not less than effective way definition of this form is echocardiography.
Granular dystrophy occurs as a result of problems with protein metabolism. With this option, protein grains are present in the cytoplasm.

Dystrophy is manifested in athletes as a result of systematic physical exertion on the body. Also, in the case of an unbalanced diet, the heart muscle is depleted.

With dystrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, thinning and a significant decrease in the walls occur, as a result of which a deterioration in the condition of the whole organism is observed. In this position, the patient feels weakness and fatigue, and sometimes arrhythmia is observed. In the patient's blood, hemoglobin decreases and anemia develops. The patient is always worried about pain and discomfort in the heart, heaviness and shortness of breath when walking or exercising. Left ventricular dystrophy is very dangerous, as hemorrhage or necrosis of the heart muscle can occur. In the case of an unbalanced diet, atrophy of the heart fibers occurs, changes occur in vitamin, electrolyte and protein metabolism. With this disease, blood pressure rises significantly, which can be complicated atrial fibrillation, dilatation of the heart and systolic murmurs.

Principles of treatment

Regardless of what kind of disease is diagnosed, it does not matter if it is an acute ischemic or other form, the patient must immediately rebuild his lifestyle and make certain changes:

remove physical activity and adjust the mode of operation;
review nutrition so that the diet contains foods filled with vitamins;
if there are any infections, then you need to get rid of them;
stabilize emotional condition and promote good sleep.

This is followed by drug treatment, which includes the use of drugs that improve metabolic processes, stabilize electrolyte metabolism. Preparations of this type are used in all cases, especially in the case of acute myocardial dystrophy. Can be prescribed anabolic steroid, which promote the metabolism of proteins in the body and restore tissues. The most common drugs are nerobolil, retabolil and nerobolil. Among nonsteroidal drugs inosine and potassium orotate can be isolated.

The main condition for the treatment of myocardial dystrophy is the use of vitamin preparations, which should restore the functions of the heart muscle and significantly increase its performance.

With dystrophy of the ventricle of the heart, it is recommended to take vitamins of group E, B, calcium, potassium and magnesium. These vitamins are best represented in drugs such as asparkam and panangin. In case of detection of a neglected form, it is very problematic to choose an adequate therapy. There are times when full compensation is not possible. In advanced cases, when there have been significant changes in the myocardium, only one option for effective treatment is welcome - heart transplantation.

Prevention

Even if the disease could be identified on initial stage and get rid of it in a medical way, it is necessary to adhere to preventive measures throughout life. Preventive methods should be based on the treatment of the disease on the background of which it arose.

In addition, prevention includes:

the use of drugs, not exceeding the norm;
daily allowable physical activity;
quitting smoking and alcohol;
the use of vitamins and protein;
do not overcool or overheat the body;
reduce calories, completely abandon fast foods;
realize medical checkup Twice a year;
Every day you need to drink at least a liter of liquid.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is an excellent prevention of any diseases, including heart ailments.

Dystrophy of the ventricle of the heart is a serious disease that is currently considered very relevant. Therefore, each person should be attentive to their health and look closely at symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, pain in the heart and discomfort. Do not forget that timely diagnosis and effective treatment much more effective than symptomatic therapy.

The muscle that controls the rate of contraction of the heart is called the myocardium. And when physical, chemical and biochemical processes are disturbed in it, this means that dystrophic changes in the myocardium.

Important! If such changes are found in early stage development, they can be avoided.

Myocardial damage of any nature is manifested primarily by modifications of myocytes. Dystrophy accompanies all major cardiac pathologies, for example:

ischemic disease;
vices;
inflammatory processes.

It is she who is the basis of heart failure, which takes place in heart disease. Diffuse dystrophic changes in the myocardium begin their development gradually, the reason for this may be insufficient nutrition of the muscle layer.

Signs of myocardial dystrophy can be different and they are determined by the type of underlying disease, its duration and prevalence. For a long time, the disease may not particularly manifest itself, but there have been cases when athletes die during acute physical overstrain. At the same time, it is found that due to an excess of calcium ions, contracture of cardiomyocytes develops. Sometimes pathology is detected not by symptoms, but by means of functional research. by the most frequent signs are still pain in the chest on the left (cardialgia), conduction and heart rhythm disturbances, as well as heart failure.

The resulting discomfort is aching or stabbing, and often has no relationship with physical activity. However, this does not mean that the pain cannot increase after an overstrain of a psychological or physical nature. A decrease in the ability of the heart muscle to contract is manifested by tachycardia, excessive fatigue and weakness. When dystrophic changes in the myocardium of the left ventricle are aggravated, then heart failure is complicated by stagnation in the small and big circles circulation. In addition, non-inflammatory fluid may accumulate in the pleural or abdominal region, and passive movements in the joints are limited.

Varieties and causes of pathological processes of the myocardium

Dystrophic processes occurring in the middle layer of the heart muscle can be classified according to etiology. They can occur when:

acute and chronic anemia;
beriberi, malnutrition;
endocrine-metabolic disorders;
endogenous and exogenous intoxications;
diseases of the neuromuscular system;
extreme physical stress;
pregnancy;
kidney damage, electrolyte disturbances.

Moderate dystrophic changes in their course can be acute and chronic. In special cases, the outcome may be myodystrophic cardiosclerosis. The pathological process can spread diffuse or focal way. Most often, diffuse changes develop with inflammation of the muscle layer and the formation connective tissue replacing its fibers. Interesting! In the course of research, a uniform lesion is found in such departments as the atrium, interventricular septum and stomachs.

Diagnostic changes

It cannot be said that dystrophic changes in the myocardium on the ECG have special characteristics that contributed to the diagnosis. For this reason, the result is valuable if it is supplemented by the patient's complaints, examination and laboratory data.

Research plays into diagnostics important role. An electrocardiogram or Echo-KG makes it possible to distinguish diffuse modifications from focal ones, which is a consequence of a heart attack or rheumatism. Diffuse pathology is noted in all leads on the ECG, while focal in one of the two. The doctor can recognize rhythmic changes, conduction features, an increase in some departments in volumes.

Uncharacteristic reflections of ultrasound are noted throughout the myocardial tissue. You can also find dilatation of some parts of the heart, an increase in the mass and volume of the myocardium, and insufficient motor activity. This also includes additional manifestations of reduced contractility.

Treatment tactics

Treatment begins with taking into account the results of the ECG. In specific cases this disease, take place pathogenic mechanisms on the characteristics of which further therapy depends.

Treatment involves not only the impact on the main disease. Medications are shown that improve metabolic processes, eliminate electrolyte disturbances. The doctor may resort to therapy, including anabolic steroids. Non-steroidal drugs are also widely used anabolic drugs and vitamins of groups U, E, B. In some cases, substances containing calcium, potassium or magnesium are indicated. In order to have a beneficial effect on maintaining the vital activity of the muscle, cardiac glycosides are used, but in minimal doses.

Any disease can be prevented, and metabolic degenerative changes in the myocardium are no exception. First of all, it is necessary to start with the definition of the underlying disease and its treatment, which caused such changes. It is also important to protect the patient from risk factors. The main ones are:

ailments of acute and chronic course;
failures in the schedule of food, work and rest.

Even moderate dystrophic changes in the myocardium can affect the quality of life, therefore, as far as possible, it is worth avoiding psycho-emotional effects on the body, normalizing the daily routine, and most importantly, abandoning bad habits, if any. In order to cure the disease, and even better to prevent it, strive to maintain physical and psychological rest.

infocardio.ru

Reasons for development

Myocardial dystrophy - always secondary disease that occurs against the background of another pathology and (or) the action of toxic substances.

Narcotic drugs

Overdose of cardiac medicines

Hazardous Substances

Chemotherapeutic medications with cardiotoxic effect

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances

Group of factors	Specific reasons
toxins
Dishormonal and endocrine (dishormonal myocardial dystrophy occurs)	Pheochromocytoma - neoplasm of the adrenal glands Thyrotoxicosis (increased activity of thyroid hormones) Diabetes Antiphospholipid syndrome - destruction of own lipids on cell walls
food	Extreme obesity Significant weight loss (cachexia) or weight loss within a very short period of time
Physical agents	Blunt trauma of the chest in the projection of the heart Vibration Radiation Weightlessness
infections	Tonsillitis HIV infection
Gastrointestinal	Any type of hepatitis Lack of liver function Atrophic gastritis
storage diseases	Amyloidosis - accumulation of amyloid in organs Wilson's disease - Konovalov - accumulation of copper in cells Mucopolysaccharidosis - excessive deposition of mucopolysaccharide Glycogenosis - accumulation in the kidneys, liver, heart of excess glycogen
Diseases with impaired renal filtration	Glomerulonephritis - degeneration of kidney tissue Myeloma is a tumor of blood cells Syndrome of prolonged compression - occurs when a part of the body gets under a heavy object
Family hereditary diseases with damage to the neuromuscular apparatus	Progressive neuromuscular dystrophy - the degeneration of muscle fiber cells into connective tissue Spinal amyotrophy - cell degeneration spinal cord into inactive connective tissue Paroxysmal myoplegia - attacks of muscle weakness Myasthenia gravis - progressive loss of muscle strength
Other	Neurogenic pathology - neurosis, dystonia Physical overvoltage Anemia - a decrease in hemoglobin levels

Stages and symptoms of the disease

Myocardial dystrophy develops in stages. Each stage of the process has its own symptoms, corresponding to the degree of violation. biochemical processes in the tissues of the heart. In addition to these manifestations, patients have complaints inherent in the underlying disease - the cause of myocardial damage.

The first, or neurohumoral, stage

Inconstant, indistinct, weak painful sensations in the projection of the heart. Occur on the background of emotional or physical stress. There is no pain at rest.
Moderate fatigue after habitual exertion.
There may be slight weight loss.
Patients feel satisfactorily, can go about their usual activities.
There are no changes in the study of myocardial function.

The second, or stage of organic change

Third, or stage heart failure

Shortness of breath, sharply aggravated in the supine position. In the extreme stage, patients can only sleep lying down.
Great weakness, progressive fatigue from any work.
Inability to perform usual activities and physical activity.
Loss of body weight.
Increased heart rate.
Violation of the rhythm of myocardial contractions.
Swelling of the feet and legs.
Moist rales in the lungs on respiration.
Significant changes in research.

Diagnostics

Difficulty in staging correct diagnosis in myocardial dystrophy is the absence of changes in the study at the first stage of the process. At this stage, only the underlying disease can be detected, for which secondary myocardial dystrophy is typical.

Examination method	Characteristic changes
View by systems	An increase in the size of the heart with a shift of the borders to the left Irregular pulse (sinus arrhythmias)
Auscultation (assessment of heart murmurs by ear)	Moderate muting of tones at all points Weakness of the first tone at the heart apex Weak systolic murmur
Electrocardiography (ECG)	Sinus arrhythmia (extrasystole, rapid or slow heart rate) Low voltage ventricular complex Partial blockade of the legs of the bundle of His Violation of repolarization (recovery after contraction) of the heart
ECG with drug tests (potassium, beta-blockers)	Improvement of pathological changes
Velergometry (ECG under conditions of physical activity)	There is no increase in the volume of blood ejected during contraction Decreased exercise tolerance Inability to fully perform the required load
Ultrasonographic examination (ultrasound)	Enlargement of the heart Expansion of the cavities of the heart chambers in the third stage of the disease Decrease in the volume of blood ejected during myocardial contraction in the phase of organ dysfunction
Scintigraphy with Thallium 201	Violation of the passage of potassium and sodium ions through the cell wall Pathology of myocardial metabolic processes
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with radioactive phosphorus	Decrease in the amount of energy reserves of heart muscle cells Changing the pH (acidity) of the cell fluid
Biopsy (tissue sampling) of the myocardium with histochemical analysis	Pathology of enzymatic metabolism in heart tissue Destruction of myocardial fibers Organ cell changes

The most accurate diagnostic method is the sampling of myocardial tissue, but given that the procedure requires a heart puncture, the indications for it are extremely limited. A biopsy is performed only in difficult diagnostic situations, when myocardial dystrophy cannot be established by other methods.

Treatment Methods

Myocardial dystrophy refers to diseases that can be completely cured if the underlying cause of the pathology is stabilized, but only if the disease has not entered the phase of cardiac failure. In this case, it is only possible to improve the quality and prolong the life of the patient.

Treatment consists of several main areas that must be carried out simultaneously.

Elimination of the causative factor

The main direction of therapy. need to be eliminated primary disease or the causes that caused pathological changes in the heart muscle. The possibility of complete recovery of the myocardium depends on how effective these measures are.

Toxic and dyshormonal myocardial dystrophy respond well to treatment, it is more difficult to influence diseases with a genetic transmission path (neuromuscular diseases) or those associated with excessive accumulation substances in the cells of internal organs.

Dystrophy against the background of physical overstrain requires the abolition of loads, and neurogenic myocardial dystrophy requires qualitative psychological help and sedatives.

Infectious myocardial dystrophy requires antibacterial treatment and elimination of the source of infection. With tonsillitis, it is necessary to remove the tonsils in the cold period, otherwise there is no effect from the treatment.

Alcoholic dystrophy responds to treatment very slowly, the process takes many months and sometimes years. Required condition Complete abstinence from any form of alcohol.

Impact on energy and metabolic processes

Complexes of drugs are used to increase protein synthesis, resistance to action free radicals and restore normal electrolyte balance in the myocardium:

As well as means to improve the nutrition of myocardial tissue and increase its resistance to reduced content oxygen:

Significant weight loss is an indication for replacement enteral (through the mouth) support by introducing high-calorie nutrient media:

nutrison,
nutridrink,
resource.

Improving the work of the heart

Medicines are used to maintain and restore normal function of the heart muscle:

Forecast

Myocardial dystrophy can be completely restored if the cause of the disease is curable and therapy is carried out before the onset of severe cardiac failure.

In case of severe violation cardiac output the prognosis is unfavorable - patients die within 1-2 years even with treatment. Without therapy, the sick do not survive the year.

Myocardial dystrophy can occur in acute form, quickly leading to impaired cardiac function, and cause sudden death (athletes during or immediately after training). In this case, there is a lack of oxygen in the myocardium, the electrolyte composition of the cells changes and the conduction of excitation through the conduction system is disturbed - the heart stops.

okardio.com

Stages and types

Myocardial dystrophy has a 3-stage course.

The compensatory stage leads to swelling of the lower extremities, a violation of the rhythm of the heart, and the appearance of shortness of breath.
The subcompensatory stage leads to an increase in symptoms, an increase in the size of the heart and liver, a decrease in the flow of blood volume into the vessels, congestion in the lungs.
The decommensatory stage, in which degeneration of the heart muscle is observed, the symptoms are clearly expressed and the pathological processes in the heart become irreversible.

Forms of dystrophy

By type, depending on the degree of damage to the heart muscle, diffuse, fatty, dyshormonal, ischemic, granular, and focal dystrophy are distinguished.

Diffuse dystrophy develops against the background of an inflammatory process in the heart muscle, leading to a decrease in oxygen supply, thickening of the muscle layer, swelling, and thrombosis. The lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle can lead to complications: the development of leukocyte diabetes, myocardial ischemia, genetic changes in cardiomyocytes, heart failure, which often becomes the cause of death for patients.
Acute focal ischemic myocardial dystrophy proceeds without special symptoms and most importantly, do not start the process. If you suspect or have pain, burning sensation in the region of the heart, shortness of breath, dizziness, you should urgently consult a doctor, undergo an ultrasound of the heart, proposed instrumental studies to visualize the affected areas of the muscle layer and prescribe timely treatment.
Fatty degeneration of the myocardium leads to the accumulation of fat droplets in the cells muscle layers, their increase in size, destruction of mitochondria, stretching and flabbiness of the muscle cavity, clay-yellow hue stool, accumulation of fatty cardiomyocytes, inevitably leading to disruption of cellular metabolism, destruction of lipoproteins in heart cells. The main causes of development are alcohol intoxication, heart and blood diseases, hypoxia and vascular stenosis.
Dystrophy of the middle layer of the heart muscle develops more often in athletes, when the number of heartbeats exceeds more than 200 beats / m, the muscles do not have time to completely relax, internal muscle tension occurs, blood circulation is disturbed, oxygen supply to organs and blood vessels decreases, anaerobic glycolysis develops during lactic acid release. acids into the cells in reserve in large volumes.
Dyshormonal dystrophy is more common in women 55-60 years old against the background of a hormonal imbalance during menopause, when tissues and muscles begin to experience oxygen starvation, metabolism manifests itself, estrogen levels decrease, in bloodstream the synthesis of fatty acids is activated, the muscle layer becomes flabby, and the skin integument with a lack of oxygen becomes pale and swollen. With development in men, the synthesis of testosterone is disrupted.
Ischemic dystrophy of the cardiac myocardium is the most dangerous form as a result of coronary crisis and heart failure. If left untreated, it can lead to the development of myocardial ischemia. Dystrophy has many different subspecies, depending on the factors - provocateurs that provoked development.
Dystrophy of the left ventricle of the heart leads to a decrease in the thickness of the muscle layer, the appearance of a number clinical symptoms in a patient: weakness, feelings, weakness, violation of the rhythm of the heart and work intermittently, pain syndrome, shortness of breath, decreased performance, increased fatigue, general deterioration in well-being. Required emergency treatment, otherwise heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage and necrosis of the heart muscle is guaranteed.

Why does the disease develop?

Heart tissues - scheme

Provoking factors that can affect the functioning of the heart and lead to myocardial damage include:

acute poisoning of the body with drugs, alcohol, nicotine, other medications, in particular hormones
large doses of radiation
stress
depression
increased physical activity, when dystrophy is often diagnosed in athletes
poor nutrition and prolonged fasting, inevitably leading to exhaustion of the body
active overloads
diabetes
carbon monoxide intoxication
hypertension anemia
liver disease
cardiac pathologies
chronic diseases that can lead to changes in the composition of the blood and metabolic disorders
disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, in particular in the heart

Myocardial dystrophy often develops due to excessive physical exertion, stress, malnutrition, moral overload of one's own body.

How does dystrophy manifest itself?

Myocardial dystrophy - symptoms

Symptoms may for a long time not show up at all. A person considers himself healthy and does not go to doctors. Over time, dystrophy progresses, inevitably leading to heart failure. Patients appear:

dyspnea
pain in the heart and chest
hypertensive syndrome
tingling of fingers
tachycardia attacks
cardiopalmus
weakness and fatigue
fever and redness of the face
increased sweating
feeling short of breath
heart cough
lack of energy and strength, which indicates the rapid development of heart failure.

Stitching pains in the region of the heart sometimes become simply unbearable. Symptoms during the development of dystrophy no longer pass without a trace, they become obsessive, permanent and, of course, dangerous to human life. If the signs become pronounced and appear even at rest, then most likely there is heart failure and the lack of timely treatment will eventually lead to a stroke, myocardial infarction.

The main thing is not to miss primary signs. But, the patient often does not give special significance the appearance of short-term shortness of breath, fatigue and weakness. But if they have become daily and constant, then this is a clear signal that a pathology is developing in the body that requires urgent eradication when:

there is a dull pain or aching in the region of the heart
disturbed heart rhythm
reduced pressure
swollen lower limbs
there is a feeling of lack of air, signs of ascites, hematomyelia
there is severe weakness in the arms and legs, asthenia
against the background of pain in the heart joined chronic tonsillitis
increased sweating at night
increased fatigue, nervousness
often dizzy
sleep disturbed.

If the weight drops sharply, the pain radiates to the left arm, there is malaise due to reduced pressure, then you need to sound the alarm, consult a doctor and undergo an examination.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis begins with anamnesis, complaints and a complete examination of the patient. The main diagnostic methods include:

Ultrasound, MRI of the heart
radiography
cardiography for listening to heart murmurs
electrocardiography to detect abnormalities in the activity of the heart, regardless of the level of disease development
Doppler examination to determine the degree of asymmetry and expansion of the cavities of the heart
ECG in violation of the rhythm of the heart
additional tests for an excess of catecholamines in the tissues of the heart.

How is the treatment carried out?

Doctors believe that the disease is completely reversible if treatment is started in a timely manner. The main thing is to direct the course towards:

change in metabolic processes
elimination of heart failure
improvement of conduction and electrolyte metabolism processes by introducing intravenous salts of magnesium, potassium, vitamins B6 anabolic hormones to nourish the heart muscle
elimination of violations in protein metabolism.

Drug treatment consists in prescribing to the patient:

pyridine nuclides
cardiac glycosides with pronounced heart failure to improve electrolyte balance and replenish potassium salts (Panangin, Carden, Asparaginate)
drugs to improve metabolic processes and stabilize electrolyte metabolism
anabolic steroids to stimulate protein metabolism in the body and tissue repair
nonsteroidal drugs (potassium orotate, inosine, panangin)
vitamin complexes to restore and improve the functioning of the heart muscle
beta blockers
cardiac glycosides in case of heart failure, rhythm disturbance.

Diabetes mellitus leads to myocardial dystrophy, therefore, in addition, the patient can be redirected to an endocrinologist for the appointment of hormone replacement therapy with drugs containing:

iron (erythropoietin)
magnesium, cardiotropic drugs (magnesium orotate, Panangin, Magnerot, Cardiomagnyl, folic acid)

A complex disease - myocardial dystrophy and complex treatment, including a course of physiotherapy, massage, therapeutic baths, also forging nutrition with complete failure from spicy dishes, strong coffee, tea, alcohol and smoking. It is important to completely rethink your lifestyle.

Post-rehabilitation period

When diagnosing myocardial dystrophy, patients are shown resort and sanatorium treatment, balneotherapy, physiotherapy, treatment of thyroid diseases, taking iron vitamins with severe anemia, sedatives if the disease is caused by stress and emotional experiences. It is important to normalize metabolism and support the body as much as possible, in particular the heart muscle with vitamins and minerals, so diversify your diet, walk more in the fresh air.

Patients during treatment, as well as in the post-rehabilitation period, will have a planned ultrasound and ECG of the heart in order to prevent further progression of the pathology, activation of inflammatory processes in the structures of cardiomyocytes.

Based on the fact that myocardial dystrophy develops due to the presence of any disease, its treatment will be the best preventive measure.

Taking vitamins and minerals will help strengthen general state body and prevent weakening of the immune system. In addition, in order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination annually.

Thus, the best prevention the appearance of diseases is an attentive and caring attitude to one's own health. Myocardial dystrophy is a disease, the existence of which up to a certain point, you can not guess. But if you listen to yourself and own body pay attention to even the smallest deviations from normal state, you can easily avoid the appearance of serious diagnoses by getting rid of the disease on early stages its development.

med-advisor.ru

Stages and symptoms of the disease

Gradually develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations even at rest, increased fatigue. Painful sensations in the region of the heart is not, but many patients note some discomfort.

With the development of pathology, the symptoms intensify. Cough joins shortness of breath and tachycardia, especially at night.

Dystrophic changes in the heart muscle occur in three stages:

The myocardium wears out. The patient has symptoms such as heart pain and heavy breathing. The level of physical endurance is significantly reduced. No changes can be seen on the electrocardiogram.
The initial stage of deterioration of contractile function. There are symptoms such as arrhythmia, swelling of the extremities, shortness of breath. The cardiogram shows minor changes.
Strongly reduced contractile function. The tone of the heart muscles decreases. The patient is accompanied by symptoms such as swelling, constant pain in the heart, shortness of breath, fatigue. All changes are clearly visible on the ECG.

Types of pathological changes

The classification is:

Dishormonal myocardial dystrophy.
Dysmetabolic myocardial dystrophy.
Myocardial dystrophy of mixed genesis.
Myocardial dystrophy of complex origin.

Dishormonal myocardial dystrophy occurs as a result of hormonal imbalance. Typically, the disease affects women during menopause and men with a disorder in testosterone production.

This type of disease in women develops at an accelerated pace, therefore, after 45 years, it is recommended to undergo preventive examinations in order to detect changes in the myocardium as early as possible.

Most doctors do not consider myocardial dystrophy of the metabolic type as a separate type of disease - these are dystrophic changes as a result of metabolic disorders.

This may happen if:

a person lacks vitamins, minerals;
violated protein metabolism in tissues.

A disease of mixed genesis occurs as a result of the presence of low hemoglobin, vitamin deficiency, endocrine disorders, that is, the pathological process begins under the influence of several factors. Such diffuse-dystrophic changes lead to deformation of the myocardium, stretching of its cells and a decrease in the thickness of the septum.

Diffuse-dystrophic changes of complex origin develop under the influence of external factors:

alcohol abuse;
smoking;
addiction;
endocrine and metabolic disorders;
body poisoning.

Treatment of myocardial dystrophy

In some cases, it even helps to normalize the work of the heart.

Treatment of myocardial dystrophy is carried out with the help of such drugs:

metabolic agents. Reduce changes in the heart muscle, eliminate symptoms, improve the patient's well-being.
Antioxidant drugs. They do not allow lipids to be oxidized in the cells of the heart muscle. Due to this, cell membranes are not damaged, harmful substances do not penetrate into them.
Antagonists calcium channels. The high content of calcium in the cells leads to relaxation of the tissues of the heart muscle, because of this, its energy supply is disrupted, and the structure of the cells is also damaged. Therefore, these drugs are indispensable in the treatment of myocardial dystrophy, if the patient does not suffer from heart failure.
Stabilizers of lysosomal membranes. They stop the penetration into the cells of the enzyme that destroys the protein.
With a lack of salts in the heart muscle, potassium preparations may be prescribed. They fill in the gap.
Beta-blockers are used to reduce stress on the heart. Especially often they are prescribed if the patient suffers from hypertension, arrhythmia or tachycardia.
Antihypoxants. Such drugs eliminate the lack of oxygen in the heart muscle.

Lifestyle with myocardial dystrophy

The patient must correctly distribute physical activity.

It is advised to follow these rules:

Sleep at least eight hours a night and rest for at least an hour during the day.
Useful lungs physical training. It's better if you spend them every day, but overload contraindicated. This may lead to a worsening of the condition.
It is advisable to perform breathing exercises, swim, walk for several kilometers, ride a bike.
If during physical exertion the heart begins to hurt, weakness and shortness of breath appear, you need to take a break until your health returns to normal.
It is undesirable to be at too high or low temperatures. Heat accelerates the heartbeat and increases the load on the heart muscle, and cold leads to vasospasm and poor blood circulation.
It is important to avoid stress and nerve strain. Can be consumed sedatives plant origin, for example, valerian or motherwort. It is useful to engage in meditation and auto-training. It helps a lot of people calm down.
You need to stop drinking alcohol and smoking. They increase the load on the heart and negatively affect the course of the disease.

A disease such as myocardial dystrophy also requires proper nutrition. From the diet it is necessary to exclude coffee, fatty, spicy foods, smoked meats and spices, rich broths. It is good to eat more vegetables, fruits, fermented milk products, berries, baked meat and lean fish.

Dystrophic changes in the myocardium are quite treatable, the main thing is to consult a doctor in time, before irreversible processes begin.