What to eat if you have muscular dystrophy. Possible consequences and complications

Instructions

If dystrophy is of a nutritional nature, i.e. appeared as a result of prolonged diets, fasting or insufficient food intake, then the doctor, in addition to prescribing vitamins, enzymes, stimulants and dietary supplements, will recommend the patient to radically change his approach to nutrition.

In order to get rid of dystrophy, you need to eat at least 5 times a day. The diet must be complete and must include required quantity proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It is important to eat more fruits and vegetables, drink more fluids and especially green tea. As food additives turn on egg powder and brewer's yeast.

Suffering from dystrophy should go for walks more often fresh air, walking, and gradually include it in your daily routine physical exercise. You can study in gym twice a week for half an hour. After some time, the intensity of training and its duration should increase.

Since dystrophy can appear even in the mother, it is necessary to balance your diet and maintain correct image life - exclude bad habits and stick to normal mode day. Afterwards, a woman should definitely consult a doctor about organizing proper feeding.

If dystrophy develops due to defects gastrointestinal tract, no half measures will, unfortunately, help get rid of it. In this case it is necessary surgery.

Muscular dystrophy (this term refers to a group various diseases muscles) is hereditary. It is believed that there are still no drugs or medical devices that would slow down this progressive disease. All efforts of doctors in this case are aimed at combating possible complications. This is, first of all, a spinal deformity that develops due to weakness of the back muscles, as well as. Predisposition to pneumonia due to weakness respiratory muscles. Such patients are observed by general practitioners and neurologists. In this case it is also important for good nutrition. Eating boiled water is very beneficial chicken meat.

Besides treatment medicines massage is used. Some experts argue that rubbing into muscles is effective for patients with muscular dystrophy. butter. To do this, take the cream that is formed when milk settles, whip it, and rub the person with the resulting oil. For 20 minutes, rub the oil into the back and spine, then for 5 minutes into the back of the thigh and lower leg, then (movements from bottom to top). After this procedure, the patient is wrapped in a sheet and wrapped. He must rest for at least an hour. This massage is carried out every morning for 20 days. Then a 20-day break and repeat the entire course twice more.

Weak and ineffective acting muscles often create problems for which little is done until they become serious. Although strength and normal muscle action give facies to the figure, grace to the movement, both are now rare.

Weak muscle tone impairs blood circulation, interferes with normal lymph circulation, and prevents efficient digestion, often causes constipation and sometimes makes it difficult to control urination or even have bowel movements bladder. Often due to muscle weakness internal organs descend or lie on top of each other. Clumsiness of movements muscle tension and poor coordination, very often observed in malnourished children and usually left unattended, are very similar to the symptoms observed in muscular dystrophy and multiple sclerosis.

Muscle weakness

Muscles consist mainly of protein, but also contain essential fatty acid; therefore, the body's supply of these nutrients must be sufficient to maintain muscle strength. Chemical nature muscles and the nerves that control them are very complex. And since countless enzymes, coenzymes, activators and other compounds are involved in their contraction, relaxation and repair, every nutrient is needed in one way or another. For example, calcium, magnesium, and vitamins B6 and D are needed to relax muscles, so muscle spasms, tics, and tremors are usually relieved by increasing the amount of these substances in food.

Potassium is necessary for muscle contraction in the body. In just a week, healthy volunteers who received refined food, similar to the one we eat every day, developed muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, constipation, and depression. All this disappeared almost immediately when they were given 10 g of potassium chloride. Severe potassium deficiency, often due to stress, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney damage, diuretics, or cortisone, causes slowness, lethargy, and partial paralysis. Weakened intestinal muscles allow bacteria to secrete great amount gases, causing colic, and spasm or displacement of the intestine can lead to obstruction. When death occurs due to potassium deficiency, autopsy reveals severe damage and muscle scarring.

Some people have such high potassium needs that they experience periodic paralysis. Studies of these patients show that salty food With high content fat and carbohydrates, and especially sweet tooth, stress, as well as ACTH (a hormone produced by the pituitary gland) and cortisone reduce the level of potassium in the blood. Even if muscles become weak, flaccid, or partially paralyzed, recovery occurs within minutes of taking potassium. Foods high in protein, low in salt or rich in potassium may increase abnormally low level potassium in the blood.

When muscle weakness leads to fatigue, gas, constipation, and inability to empty the bladder without the aid of a catheter, taking potassium chloride tablets is especially helpful. Most people, however, can get potassium by consuming fruits and vegetables, especially green leafy ones, and by avoiding refined foods.

Vitamin E deficiency appears to be a common, although rarely recognized, cause of muscle weakness. Like the Reds blood cells are destroyed by the action of oxygen on essential fatty acids, and muscle cells the entire body is destroyed in the absence of this vitamin. This process is especially active in adults who do not digest fat well. The nuclei of muscle cells and the enzymes necessary for muscle contraction cannot be formed without vitamin E. Its deficiency greatly increases the need muscle tissue in oxygen, prevents the use of certain amino acids, allows phosphorus to be excreted in the urine, and leads to the destruction of large amounts of B vitamins. All this impairs muscle function and recovery. Moreover, with an insufficient supply of vitamin E to the body, the number of enzymes that break down dead muscle cells increases by about 60 times. With a deficiency of vitamin E, calcium accumulates and may even be deposited in the muscles.

In pregnant women, muscle weakness due to vitamin E deficiency, often caused by iron supplements, in some cases makes childbirth difficult because the amount of enzymes needed to contract the muscles involved in labor activity, decreases. When patients with muscle weakness, pain, wrinkled skin and loss of muscle elasticity were given 400 mg of vitamin E per day, a marked improvement was observed in both old and young. Those who suffered from muscle disorders for years recovered almost as quickly as those who were ill a short time.

Long-term stress and Addison's disease

Advanced adrenal exhaustion, as in Addison's disease, is characterized by lethargy, agonizing fatigue, and extreme muscle weakness. Although at the beginning of stress it is mainly protein that is broken down lymph nodes, with prolonged stress, muscle cells are also destroyed. Moreover, depleted adrenal glands cannot produce a hormone that stores the nitrogen of destroyed cells in the body; normally, this nitrogen is reused to build amino acids and repair tissues. Under such circumstances, the muscles quickly lose strength even with rich in protein food.

A depleted adrenal gland is also unable to produce enough of the salt-retaining hormone aldosterone. So much salt is lost in the urine that potassium leaves the cells, further slowing down contractions, weakening and partially or completely paralyzing the muscles. Taking potassium can increase the amount of this nutrient in cells, but in this case, salt is especially needed. People with exhausted adrenal glands usually have low blood pressure, meaning they don't have enough salt.

Adrenal glands become depleted quickly when deficient pantothenic acid, causing the same condition as prolonged stress.

Because stress plays a role in all muscle disorders, emphasis should be placed on restoring adrenal function in any diagnosis. An anti-stress program should be followed carefully, especially in the case of Addison's disease. Recovery occurs faster if the “anti-stress formula” is taken around the clock. No essential nutrient should be overlooked.

Fibrositis and myositis

Inflammation and swelling connective tissue muscles, especially the membrane, is called fibrositis or synovitis, and inflammation of the muscle itself is called myositis. Both diseases are caused mechanical damage or sprain, and inflammation indicates that the body is not producing sufficient quantity cortisone. Diet with big amount Vitamin C, pantothenic acid and milk intake around the clock usually bring immediate relief. In case of injury, it can quickly form scar tissue, so you should turn Special attention for vitamin E.

Fibrositis and myositis often affect women during menopause, when the need for vitamin E is especially great, these diseases tend to cause significant discomfort before the cause is discovered. Daily intake Vitamin E for myositis brings a noticeable improvement.

Pseudoparalytic myasthenia

The term myasthenia gravis itself means bereavement muscle strength. This disease is characterized by wasting and progressive paralysis that can affect any part of the body, but most often the muscles of the face and neck. Double vision, eyelids that don't lift, frequent choking, difficulty breathing, swallowing and speaking, poor articulation and stuttering are typical symptoms.

Isotope studies with radioactive manganese have shown that enzymes involved in muscle contractions contain this element, and when muscles are damaged, its amount in the blood increases. Manganese deficiency causes muscle and nerve dysfunction in experimental animals and muscle weakness and poor coordination in livestock. Although the amount of manganese required for humans has not yet been established, people suffering from muscle weakness may be advised to include wheat bran and whole grain bread in their diet (the richest natural springs).

This disease causes defects in the production of a compound that transmits nerve impulses muscles, which is formed in nerve endings from choline and acetic acid and is called acetylcholine. IN healthy body it is constantly being broken down and formed again. In pseudoparalytic myasthenia, this compound is either produced in negligible quantities or is not formed at all. The disease is usually treated with medications that slow down the breakdown of acetylcholine, but until nutrition is complete, this approach is another example of whipping up a driven horse.

It takes a whole battery to produce acetylcholine nutrients: vitamin B, pantothenic acid, potassium and many others. A lack of choline itself causes underproduction of acetylcholine and leads to muscle weakness, muscle fiber damage and extensive scar tissue growth. All this is accompanied by loss of a substance called creatine in the urine, which invariably indicates the destruction of muscle tissue. Although choline can be synthesized from the amino acid methionine provided there is an abundance of protein in the diet, the synthesis of this vitamin also requires folic acid, vitamin B12 and other B vitamins.

Vitamin E increases the release and utilization of acetylcholine, but if there is an insufficient supply of vitamin E, the enzyme needed to synthesize acetylcholine is destroyed by oxygen. This also causes muscle weakness, muscle breakdown, scarring and loss of creatine, but taking vitamin E will correct the situation.

Since pseudoparalytic myasthenia gravis is almost inevitably preceded by prolonged stress, enhanced by the use of medications that increase the body's needs, an anti-stress diet that is unusually rich in all nutrients is recommended. Lecithin, yeast, liver, wheat bran and eggs are excellent sources of choline. Daily diet should be divided into six small, protein-rich servings, richly supplemented with "anti-stress formula", magnesium, B-vitamin tablets with high content choline and inositol and possibly manganese. You should eat salty for a while and increase your potassium intake through an abundance of fruits and vegetables. When swallowing is difficult, all foods can be crushed and supplements taken in liquid form.

Multiple sclerosis

This disease is characterized by calcareous plaques in the brain and spinal cord, muscle weakness, loss of coordination, choppy movements or muscle spasm in the arms, legs, and eyes, and poor bladder control. Autopsies show a marked decrease in the amount of lecithin in the brain and in the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves, where lecithin content is usually high. And even the remaining lecithin is abnormal because it contains saturated fatty acids. Besides, multiple sclerosis most common in countries where saturated fat intake is high, which is invariably associated with reduced content lecithin in the blood. Perhaps due to the reduced need for lecithin, patients with multiple sclerosis are prescribed a low-fat diet less often and for a shorter duration. Significant improvement is achieved when three or more tablespoons of lecithin are added to food daily.

It is likely that a lack of any nutrient - magnesium, B vitamins, choline, inositol, essential fatty acids - can exacerbate the course of the disease. Muscle spasms and weakness, involuntary shaking and inability to control the bladder quickly disappeared after taking magnesium. In addition, when patients suffering from multiple sclerosis were given vitamins E, B6 and other B vitamins, the progression of the disease slowed down: even in advanced cases, improvement was observed. Liming of soft tissues was prevented by vitamin E.

In most patients, multiple sclerosis occurred due to severe stress during a period when their diet lacked pantothenic acid. A lack of vitamins B1, B2, B6, E or pantothenic acid - the need for each of them increases many times under stress - leads to nerve degradation. Multiple sclerosis is often treated with cortisone, which means that every effort should be made to stimulate normal hormone production.

Muscle dystrophy

Any experimental animals kept on a diet deficient in vitamin E developed muscle dystrophy after a certain period of time. Muscle dystrophy and atrophy in humans turn out to be completely identical to this artificially caused disease. Both in laboratory animals and in humans, with vitamin E deficiency, the need for oxygen increases many times, the amount of many enzymes and coenzymes necessary for normal operation muscles are noticeably reduced; muscles throughout the body are damaged and weakened when the essential fatty acids that make up the muscle cell structure are destroyed. Numerous nutrients are lost from the cells, and muscle tissue is eventually replaced by scar tissue. The muscles split lengthwise, which, by the way, makes you wonder whether a lack of vitamin E plays a major role in the formation of a hernia, especially in children, in whom its deficiency is simply terrifying.

For many months or even years before dystrophy is diagnosed, amino acids and creatine are lost in the urine, indicating muscle breakdown. If vitamin E is given early in the disease, the destruction of muscle tissue stops completely, as indicated by the disappearance of creatine in the urine. In animals, and possibly in humans, the disease develops faster if the food also lacks protein and/or vitamins A and B6, but even in this case, dystrophy is cured by vitamin E alone.

With prolonged vitamin E deficiency, human muscle dystrophy is irreversible. Attempts to use massive doses of vitamin E and many other nutrients have not been successful. The fact that the disease is “hereditary”—several children in the same family can be affected—and that chromosomal changes have been detected leads doctors to argue that it cannot be prevented. Hereditary factor there can only be an unusually high genetic need for vitamin E, which is necessary for the formation of the nucleus, chromosomes and the entire cell.

The moment when muscle dystrophy or atrophy becomes irreversible has not been precisely established. On early stages these diseases are sometimes treatable fresh oil from wheat bran, pure vitamin E, or vitamin E in combination with other nutrients. At early diagnosis some patients recovered after simply adding wheat bran to their food and homemade bread from freshly ground flour. In addition, the muscle strength of people suffering from this disease for many years improved markedly when they were given a variety of vitamins and mineral supplements.

Children with muscle dystrophy at the beginning of life began to sit up, crawl and walk later, ran slowly, climbed stairs with difficulty and got up after a fall. Often the child was ridiculed for years as being lazy and clumsy before going to the doctor. Since the huge masses of scar tissue are commonly mistaken for muscles, mothers of such children were often proud of how "muscular" their child was. Eventually, the scar tissue shrinks, causing either excruciating back pain or shortening of the Achilles tendon, which is as disabling as the weakness of the muscles themselves. Often Achilles tendon lengthened surgically many years before dystrophy is diagnosed, however, vitamin E as preventive measure do not give.

Every person with impaired muscle function should immediately undergo a urine test and, if creatine is found in it, significantly improve their diet and include a large number of vitamin E. Muscle dystrophy could be completely eradicated if all pregnant women and artificially-bred children were given vitamin E and refined foods that lack it were excluded from the diet.

Proper nutrition

Like most diseases, muscle dysfunction stems from a variety of deficiencies. Until the diet becomes adequate in all nutrients, one cannot expect either recovery or preservation of health.

Muscular dystrophy

Some hereditary diseases lead to progressive muscular dystrophy.

Some forms of dystrophy begin to develop in early childhood, others begin in middle and old age.

At least 7 hereditary diseases are known to cause dystrophy.

Achievements modern science make it possible to diagnose some forms of dystrophy even before the birth of the child. The disease is caused by inherited gene defects. Research conducted by scientists has shown that proper nutrition may relieve some of the unpleasant symptoms.

1) vitamin E and products containing this vitamin;
2) selenium, since the combination of vitamin E and selenium contributes to an increase in muscle strength in people with this disease;

3) phosphatidylcholine contained in lecithin helps slow down degeneration nerve fibers in patients with muscular dystrophy. This substance is found in soybean oil;
4) coenzyme Q10 helps increase strength and endurance;
5) calcium.

Muscle weakness (myopathy)

There are many causes of myopathy: hereditary diseases, nervous disorders, multiple sclerosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, disruption of the ability of energy stations inside the cell (mitochondria) to produce energy, etc.

The exact cause of the disease can only be established as a result of serious medical examination. There are many causes of the disease, and it is necessary serious treatment, but nutrition also plays an important role in improving the condition of a sick person.

Biologically helps with muscle weakness active substances containing vitamins and minerals. It is necessary to take magnesium, calcium, vitamins B2, C, K, E.

muscle cramps

Cramps are sudden involuntary muscle contractions. muscle cramps may occur when various diseases(epilepsy, tetanus, rabies, hysteria, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, neuroses, influenza, pneumonia, measles, etc.), due to deficiency minerals, low calcium and potassium levels, hyperventilation, pregnancy, low blood sugar, diabetes, low or increased activity thyroid gland etc.

A properly formulated diet helps with cramps. It should consist of approximately 30% protein foods (fish, chicken, lean meat, dairy products, egg white), 40% - from vegetables that do not contain starch, fruits. Another 30% should be fats and oils; in addition, it is necessary to take vitamins (B2, B6, E) and minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium).

It is advisable to reduce the consumption of sugar and sugar-containing products (sweets, chocolate, cakes and others). confectionery). It must be remembered that a diet with increased content proteins and phosphorus. Sweet carbonated drinks (Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Fanta, etc.) contain a lot of phosphorus.

Headache

There are many causes of headaches: encephalitis, sinusitis, intracranial hematomas, abscesses, traumatic brain injuries, tumors, neuroses, diseases internal organs and blood, pathological processes in the face and head area, altitude sickness, adrenal tumors and much more. Headaches may occur with increased blood pressure And hypertensive crises, at allergic reactions. Some women suffer from headaches during menstruation.

Headaches may be caused by febrile condition with increased body temperature or viral infections. A headache may indicate an incipient tumor or brain cancer, dangerous condition blood vessels. Stress can lead to headaches, as well as low content blood sugar, too much or too little caffeine, magnesium deficiency.

In children headache almost always means the onset of an infectious disease. Children's headaches should never be ignored.

You should pay attention to an “unusual” headache when the pain is too severe or lasts longer than 1-2 days, if it appeared after severe hypothermia, or if the cause of such severe pain cannot be explained.

If you suffer from chronic headaches due to known causes, then you should pay special attention to your diet.

Headache can be caused overconsumption protein foods, foods rich in sugars, alcoholic beverages, canned food and cooked sausages, abuse of coffee, foods and medications containing copper, magnesium deficiency. In addition, headaches can occur when you take headache medications too often or in excess, because overuse of these medications depletes the brain's supply of natural painkillers.

Essential fatty acids, vitamins E and B6 help reduce the frequency and severity of headaches.

Migraine

Migraine is a disease of the vessels of the brain. Manifested periodic attacks throbbing pain, mainly in one side of the head. Migraines are based on disturbances in the response of brain vessels to stimuli, which can be: excitement, smells, lack of sleep or excessive sleep, staying in a stuffy room, mental fatigue, alcohol, sexual excesses, menstruation, changes in weather and temperature, hypothermia, intake oral contraceptives and much more.

Migraines are often accompanied hypersensitivity to the light, nausea, vomiting. As a rule, migraines appear at certain intervals and become more frequent when emotional stress. Women suffer from migraines more often than men.

Eating food can trigger an attack certain products such as chocolate, mature cheeses, citrus fruits, caffeine, sausages, chicken liver, alcoholic drinks, complex sauces, foods rich in starch, sour cream, red wine, canned meat, nuts, sweets, sugar and sugar substitutes. Therefore, nutritional correction brings tangible relief from migraines. In children food allergy(chocolate, nuts, cheese, etc.) can cause migraines.

Migraine neuralgia (or “cluster headache”) is a disease similar to migraine, but much more severe in its course. Appears very suddenly severe attacks pain lasting from 15 minutes to 3 hours. Sometimes it begins during sleep, while the nose is clogged and stuffy, the eyes are watery. The attacks may recur several times during the day and then disappear for a long time.

The victims of cluster headaches are usually men. Sometimes the pain is so severe that a person cannot stand it and commits suicide. Cluster headaches can be triggered by alcohol, nitrates, vasodilators, and antihistamines.

Enuresis

Enuresis - involuntary urination during night sleep. It is found mainly in children under 10 years of age (sometimes up to 14 years of age). Boys get sick 2-3 times more often than girls. This disease is associated with dysfunction of the central nervous system and is usually accompanied by deep, sound sleep.

B.Yu. Lamikhov, S.V. Glushchenko, D.A. Nikulin, V.A. Podkolzina, M.V. Bigeeva, E.A. Matykina

Sometimes, ordinary people quite frivolously throw around the concept of dystrophy, calling every thin person “dystrophic” behind their backs or as a joke. However, few of them know that dystrophy is serious illness, which requires no less serious treatment.

What is dystrophy?

The concept itself dystrophy consists of two ancient Greek words - dystrophe, which means difficulty and trophe, i.e. nutrition. However, it is not connected with the fact that a person does not want or cannot fully eat, but with such a phenomenon when all the nutrients entering the body are simply not absorbed by him, which accordingly leads to a violation normal height and development, which manifests itself not only externally, but also internally (dystrophy of organs and systems).

Thus, dystrophy is a pathology based on a disturbance (disorder) of cellular metabolism, which leads to characteristic structural changes.

The basis of the disease, according to pathological anatomy, are processes that disrupt the normal trophism of the body - the ability of cells to self-regulate and transport metabolic products (metabolism).

Reasons for the development of dystrophy

Unfortunately, the reasons for the development of dystrophy can be different and there are many of them.

Congenital genetic disorders metabolism.
Frequent infectious diseases.
Experienced stress or mental disorders.
Poor nutrition, both malnutrition and abuse of foods, especially those containing large amounts of carbohydrates.
Digestive problems.
General weakening of the immune system.
Constant influence on the human body of external unfavorable factors.
Chromosomal diseases.
Somatic diseases.

This disappointing list can be continued, since there are really a great many reasons that can start the process of trophic disturbance at any time.

But it would be a mistake to assume that they act on everyone in exactly the same way and are capable of provoking the development of dystrophy. Not at all, due to the individuality of each human body, they either trigger the development of the violation process or not.

Main symptoms of the disease

Signs of dystrophy directly depend on its form and severity of the disease. So experts distinguish between I, II and III degrees, the main features of which will be:

I degree– reduction in body weight, tissue elasticity and muscle tone at the patient. In addition, there is a violation of stool and immunity.
II degree – subcutaneous tissue begins to thin out, or even disappears completely. An acute vitamin deficiency. All this against the backdrop of further weight loss.
III degree - comes complete exhaustion organism and respiratory and cardiac dysfunction develop. Body temperature stays at low rates, as well as blood pressure indicators.

However, there are basic symptoms that are characteristic of absolutely all forms and types of dystrophies, which can be observed in both adults and children.

State of excitement.
Decrease or complete absence appetite.
Sleep disturbance.
General weakness and fatigue.
Significant changes in body weight and height (the latter is observed in children).
Various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Reduced overall body resistance.

At the same time, the patient himself, as a rule, refuses to acknowledge the impending threat, considering his condition to be the result of overwork or stress.

Classification of the disease

The problem is that dystrophy and dystrophy are different and in each individual case its manifestations may be different. It is for this reason that experts have determined the following classification of this disease.

According to their etiology they distinguish:

congenital dystrophy;
acquired dystrophy.

Depending on the type of metabolic disorder, it can be:

protein;
fatty;
carbohydrate;
mineral.

According to the localization of their manifestations, they are distinguished:

cellular (parenchymal) dystrophy;
extracellular (mesenchymal, stromal-vascular) dystrophy;
mixed dystrophy.

According to its prevalence, it can be:

systemic, i.e. general;
local.

In addition, one should take into account the fact that what stands apart from all types of dystrophies is congenital, which is caused by hereditary disorders metabolism of proteins, fats or carbohydrates. This happens due to a lack of any enzyme in the child’s body, which in turn leads to the fact that incompletely broken down substances (products) of metabolism begin to accumulate in the tissues or organs. And although the process can progress anywhere, nevertheless, the tissue of the central nervous system is always affected, which leads to fatal outcome already in the first years of life.

A striking example is hepatocerebral dystrophy, which is accompanied by dysfunction of the liver, central nervous system and brain.

Morphogenesis of other types of dystrophies can develop according to four mechanisms: infiltration, decomposition, perverted synthesis or transformation.

Features of types of dystrophy according to their localization and disruption of BZH metabolism

Cellular or parenchymal dystrophy is characterized by metabolic disorders in the parenchyma of the organ. Under the parenchyma of the organ (not to be confused with parenchymal organ, i.e. non-cavitary) in this case refers to the collection of cells that ensure its functioning.

Fatty liver degeneration – a prime example a disease in which cells fail to cope with their function - the breakdown of fats - and they begin to accumulate in the liver, which can cause steatogapatitis (inflammation) and cirrhosis in the future.

A dangerous complication Acute fatty degeneration of the liver may also occur, since it progresses quite quickly and leads to liver failure and toxic dystrophy, which leads to necrosis of liver cells.

In addition, parenchymal fatty degenerations include cardiac degeneration, when the myocardium is affected, which becomes flabby, which leads to a weakening of its contraction function, ventricular degeneration and renal degeneration.

Protein parenchymal dystrophies are hyaline-droplet, hydropic, horny.

Hyaline droplet - characterized by the accumulation of protein droplets in the kidneys (less often the liver and heart), for example, with glomerulonephritis. It is characterized by a severe latent course, the result of which is an irreversible process of degeneration.

This type also includes granular dystrophy, characterized by the accumulation of swollen hypochondria cells in the cytoplasm.

Hydropic, in turn, is manifested by the accumulation of drops of protein liquid in the organs. The process can develop in epithelial cells, liver, adrenal glands and in the myocardium. If the number of such drops in the cell is large, then the nucleus is displaced to the periphery - the so-called balloon degeneration.

Horny dystrophy is characterized by the accumulation of horny substance where it should be normally, i.e. human epithelium and nails. Its manifestations are ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis, etc.

Parenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy is a disorder of the exchange of glycogen and glycoproteins in the human body, which is especially characteristic of diabetes mellitus or, for example, with cystic fibrosis - the so-called hereditary mucous dystrophy.

Extracellular dystrophy or mesenchymal can develop in the stroma (the base that consists of connective tissue) of organs, involving the entire tissue along with the vessels in the process. That is why it is also called stromal vascular dystrophy. It can be in the nature of a protein, fat or carbohydrate disorder.

A striking manifestation of this type of dystrophy is peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina. It can be either congenital or acquired and can lead to reduced visual acuity (macula lesions) and poor orientation at night, and ultimately to retinal detachment or pigmentary dystrophy. In addition, the cornea of ​​the eye may also be involved in the process.

Peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy is also characterized by severe disturbances in the nutrition of the fundus, which can lead to loss of vision.

The most common phenomenon is muscular dystrophy, which is characterized by progressive weakness of human muscles and their degeneration - myotonic dystrophy, involving not only skeletal muscles human, but also the pancreas, thyroid, myocardium and, ultimately, the brain.

Protein mesenchymal dystrophy can affect the human liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenal glands. IN old age it affects the heart and brain. As for the latter, the brain, this can lead to slowly progressing discirculatory encephalopathy - a violation of the blood supply to the brain, as a result of which diffuse disorders increase and, as a consequence, a disorder of the basic functions of the patient’s brain.

As for stromal-vascular fatty degeneration, its striking manifestation can be the patient’s obesity and obesity or Dercum’s disease, when painful nodular deposits can be observed on the extremities (mainly legs) and torso.

It is noteworthy that the stromal vascular fatty degenerations can be worn by both local and general character and lead both to the accumulation of substances and, conversely, to their catastrophic loss, for example, as with nutritional dystrophy, which can develop due to malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies in both humans and animals.

Mesenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy also called mucus in human tissue, which is associated with dysfunction endocrine glands, and which, in turn, can lead to edema, swelling or softening of the patient’s joints, bones and cartilage, for example, as in spinal dystrophy, which can often be found in postmenopausal women.

Mixed dystrophy (parenchymal-mesenchymal or parenchymal-stromal) is characterized by the development of dysmetabolic processes, both in the parenchyma of the organ and in its stroma.

This species is characterized by metabolic disorders such as:

Hemoglobin, which transports oxygen;
melanin, which protects against UV rays;
bilirubin, which is involved in digestion;
lipofuscin, which provides the cell with energy in hypoxia.

Treatment and prevention of dystrophies

After production final diagnosis and determining the type of dystrophy, it is necessary to immediately begin its treatment, which in this case directly depends on the severity of the disease and its nature. Only a doctor can correctly select the appropriate methods and drugs to eliminate such metabolic dysfunctions. However, there are a number of rules (measures) that must be observed for any type of dystrophy.

1. Organizing appropriate care for the patient and eliminating all factors that provoke complications (see causes of dystrophies).
2. Maintaining a daily routine, with the obligatory inclusion of walks in the fresh air, water procedures and physical exercise.
3. Compliance strict diet prescribed by a specialist.

As for preventing this complex disease, then it is necessary to maximally strengthen methods and measures for caring for oneself (or children), in order to completely eliminate all negative factors capable of causing this type of disturbance.

It must be remembered that strengthening your own immunity and the immunity of your children from the very beginning early age, rational and balanced diet, sufficient physical exercise and the absence of stress best prevention all diseases and dystrophy including.