Mental disorders in children 10 years old. Nervous Disorders in Children: What Parents Should Know

It is believed that deviations in the mental development of a child cannot be distinguished at an early age, and any inappropriate behavior is regarded as a childish whim. Today, however, specialists can notice many mental disorders already in a newborn, which allows them to start treatment on time.

Neuropsychological signs of mental disorders in children

Doctors identified a number of syndromes - mental characteristics of children, most common at different ages. The syndrome of functional deficiency of subcortical formations of the brain develops in the prenatal period. It is characterized by:

Emotional instability, expressed in frequent mood swings;
Increased fatigue and associated low work capacity;
Pathological stubbornness and laziness;
Sensitivity, capriciousness and uncontrollability in behavior;
Prolonged enuresis (often up to 10-12 years);
Underdevelopment of fine motor skills;
Manifestations of psoriasis or allergies;
Appetite and sleep disorders;
Slow formation of graphic activity (drawing, handwriting);
Tics, grimacing, screaming, uncontrollable laughter.

The syndrome is quite difficult to correct, because due to the fact that the frontal regions are not formed, most often deviations in the mental development of the child are accompanied by intellectual insufficiency.

Dysgenetic syndrome associated with functional deficiency of brain stem formations can manifest itself in childhood up to 1.5 years. Its main features are:

Disharmonious mental development with a shift in stages;
Facial asymmetries, improper growth of teeth and violation of the body formula;
Difficulty falling asleep;
The abundance of age spots and moles;
Distortion of motor development;
Diathesis, allergies and disorders in the endocrine system;
Problems in the formation of neatness skills;
encopresis or enuresis;
Distorted pain threshold;
Violations of phonemic analysis, school maladaptation;
Memory selectivity.

The mental characteristics of children with this syndrome are difficult to correct. Teachers and parents should ensure the neurological health of the child and the development of his vestibular-motor coordination. It should also be borne in mind that emotional disorders are aggravated against the background of fatigue and exhaustion.

The syndrome associated with the functional immaturity of the right hemisphere of the brain can manifest itself from 1.5 to 7-8 years. Deviations in the mental development of the child are manifested as:

Mosaic perception;
Violation of the differentiation of emotions;
Confabulations (fantasy, fiction);
color vision disorders;
Errors in assessing angles, distances and proportions;
Distortion of memories;
Feeling of multiple limbs;
Violations of the setting of stresses.

To correct the syndrome and reduce the severity of mental disorders in children, it is necessary to ensure the neurological health of the child and pay special attention to the development of visual-figurative and visual-effective thinking, spatial representation, visual perception and memory.

There are also a number of syndromes that develop from 7 to 15 years due to:

Birth injury of the cervical spinal cord;
General anesthesia;
concussions;
emotional stress;
intracranial pressure.

To correct deviations in the child's mental development, a set of measures is needed to develop interhemispheric interaction and ensure the child's neurological health.

Mental characteristics of children of different ages

The most important thing in the development of a small child under 3 years old is communication with the mother. It is the lack of maternal attention, love and communication that many doctors consider the basis for the development of various mental disorders. Doctors call the second reason a genetic predisposition transmitted to children from parents.

The period of early childhood is called somatic, when the development of mental functions is directly related to movements. The most typical manifestations of mental disorders in children include digestive and sleep disorders, startling at sharp sounds, and monotonous crying. Therefore, if the baby is anxious for a long time, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will help either diagnose the problem or dispel the fears of the parents.

Children aged 3-6 years are developing quite actively. Psychologists characterize this period as psychomotor, when the reaction to stress can manifest itself in the form of stuttering, tics, nightmares, neuroticism, irritability, affective disorders and fears. As a rule, this period is quite stressful, since usually at this time the child begins to attend preschool educational institutions.

The ease of adaptation in the children's team largely depends on the psychological, social and intellectual preparation. Mental abnormalities in children of this age may occur due to increased stress, for which they are not prepared. It is quite difficult for hyperactive children to get used to the new rules that require perseverance and concentration.

At the age of 7-12 years, mental disorders in children may manifest as depressive disorders. Quite often, for self-affirmation, children choose friends with similar problems and a way of expressing themselves. But even more often in our time, children replace real communication with virtual ones in social networks. The impunity and anonymity of such communication contributes to even greater alienation, and existing disorders can progress rapidly. In addition, prolonged concentration in front of a screen affects the brain and can cause epileptic seizures.

Deviations in the mental development of a child at this age, in the absence of a reaction from adults, can lead to quite serious consequences, including sexual developmental disorders and suicide. It is also important to monitor the behavior of girls, who often begin to be dissatisfied with their appearance during this period. In this case, anorexia nervosa can develop, which is a severe psychosomatic disorder that can irreversibly disrupt metabolic processes in the body.

Doctors also note that at this time, mental abnormalities in children can develop into a manifest period of schizophrenia. If you do not respond in time, pathological fantasies and overvalued hobbies can develop into crazy ideas with hallucinations, changes in thinking and behavior.

Deviations in the mental development of a child can manifest itself in different ways. In some cases, the parents' fears are not confirmed to their joy, and sometimes the help of a doctor is really needed. The treatment of mental disorders can and should be carried out only by a specialist who has sufficient experience to make the correct diagnosis, and success largely depends not only on the right medicines, but also on the support of the family.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Mental disorders in children or mental dysontogenesis is a deviation from normal behavior, accompanied by a group of disorders that are pathological conditions. They arise due to genetic, sociopathic, physiological reasons, sometimes injuries or diseases of the brain contribute to their formation. Violations that occur at an early age cause mental disorders and require treatment by a psychiatrist.

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Causes of disorders

The formation of the child's psyche is associated with the biological characteristics of the organism, heredity and constitution, the rate of formation of the brain and parts of the central nervous system, acquired skills. The root of the development of mental disorders in children should always be sought in the biological, sociopathic or psychological factors that provoke the onset of disorders, often the process is triggered by a combination of agents. The main reasons include:

genetic predisposition. Assumes initially incorrect functioning of the nervous system due to the innate characteristics of the organism. When close relatives had mental disorders, there is a possibility of passing them on to the child.
Deprivation (inability to meet needs) in early childhood. The connection between mother and baby begins from the first minutes of birth, it sometimes has a major impact on a person’s attachments, the depth of emotional feelings in the future. Any type of deprivation (tactile or emotional, psychological) partially or completely affects the mental development of a person, leads to mental dysontogenesis.
Limitation of mental abilities also refers to a kind of mental disorder and affects physiological development, sometimes causing other disorders.
Brain injury occurs as a result of difficult childbirth or head bruises, encephalopathy is caused by infections during fetal development or after past illnesses. According to the prevalence, this reason occupies a leading place along with the hereditary factor.
The bad habits of the mother, the toxicological effects of smoking, alcohol, and drugs have a negative effect on the fetus even during the period of bearing a child. If the father suffers from these ailments, the consequences of intemperance often affect the health of the child, affecting the central nervous system and the brain, which negatively affects the psyche.

Family conflicts or an unfavorable situation in the house are a significant factor that traumatizes the emerging psyche, aggravating the condition.

Mental disorders in childhood, especially under one year, are united by a common feature: the progressive dynamics of mental functions is combined with the development of dysontogenesis associated with impaired morphofunctional brain systems. The condition occurs due to cerebral disorders, congenital features or social influences.

Association of disorders and age

In children, psychophysical development occurs gradually, is divided into stages:

early - up to three years;
preschool - up to six years of age;
junior school - up to 10 years;
school-puberty - up to 17 years.

Critical periods are considered to be time periods during the transition to the next stage, which are characterized by a rapid change in all body functions, including an increase in mental reactivity. At this time, children are most susceptible to nervous disorders or worsening of the pathologies of the psyche present. Age crises occur at 3-4 years, 5-7 years, 12-16 years. What are the features of each stage:

Up to a year, babies develop positive and negative sensations, and initial ideas about the world around them are formed. In the first months of life, disorders are associated with the needs that the child must receive: food, sleep, comfort and the absence of pain. The crisis of 7-8 months is marked by awareness of the differentiation of feelings, recognition of loved ones and the formation of attachment, so the child needs the attention of the mother and family members. The better parents provide satisfaction of needs, the faster a positive stereotype of behavior is formed. Dissatisfaction causes a negative reaction, the more unfulfilled desires accumulate, the more severe the deprivation, which subsequently leads to aggression.
In children of 2 years old, active maturation of brain cells continues, motivation of behavior appears, orientation to the assessment by adults, positive behavior is identified. With constant control and prohibitions, the impossibility of self-affirmation leads to a passive attitude, the development of infantilism. With additional stress, behavior takes on a pathological character.
Stubbornness and nervous breakdowns, protests are observed at the age of 4, mental disorders can manifest themselves in mood swings, tension, internal discomfort. Restrictions cause frustration, the mental balance of the child is disturbed due to even a slight negative influence.
At the age of 5, violations can manifest themselves in advance of mental development, accompanied by dyssynchrony, that is, a one-sided orientation of interests appears. Also, attention should be paid if the child has lost the skills acquired earlier, has become untidy, limits communication, his vocabulary has decreased, the baby does not play role-playing games.
In seven-year-olds, schooling is the cause of neurosis; with the beginning of the school year, violations manifest themselves in instability of mood, tearfulness, fatigue, and headaches. The reactions are based on psychosomatic asthenia (poor sleep and appetite, decreased performance, fears), fatigue. The disruption factor is the discrepancy between the mental capabilities of the school curriculum.
In school and adolescence, mental disorders are manifested in anxiety, increased anxiety, melancholy, mood swings. Negativism is combined with conflict, aggression, internal contradictions. Children react painfully to the assessment of their abilities and appearance by those around them. Sometimes there is increased self-confidence or, conversely, criticality, posturing, disregard for the opinion of the teacher and parents.

Psychiatric disorders must be distinguished from anomalies of post-schizophrenic defect and dementia due to organic brain disease. In this case, dysontogenesis acts as a symptom of pathology.

Types of pathologies

Children are diagnosed with mental disorders characteristic of adults, but babies also have specific age-related ailments. Symptoms of dysontogenesis are diverse, due to age, stage of development and the environment.

The peculiarity of the manifestations is that in children it is not always easy to distinguish the pathology from the characteristics of character and development. There are several types of mental disorders in children.

Mental retardation

Pathology refers to acquired or congenital underdevelopment of the psyche with a clear lack of intelligence, when the social adaptation of the child is difficult or completely impossible. In sick children, the following are reduced, sometimes significantly:

cognitive abilities and memory;
perception and attention;
speech skills;
control over instinctive needs.

Vocabulary is poor, pronunciation is fuzzy, emotionally and morally the child is poorly developed, unable to predict the consequences of his actions. In a mild degree, it is detected in children with admission to school, the middle and severe stages are diagnosed in the first years of life.

The disease cannot be completely cured, but proper upbringing and training will allow the child to learn communication and self-service skills; with a mild stage of the disease, people are able to adapt in society. In severe cases, care for a person will be required throughout life.

Impaired mental function

The borderline state between oligophrenia and the norm, violations are manifested by a delay in the cognitive, motor or emotional, speech sphere. Mental delay sometimes occurs due to the slow development of brain structures. It happens that the state disappears without a trace or remains as an underdevelopment of one function, while it is compensated by other, sometimes accelerated abilities.

There are also residual syndromes - hyperactivity, decreased attention, loss of previously acquired skills. The type of pathology can become the basis for pathocharacterological manifestations of personality in adulthood.

ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)

A common problem in children of preschool age and up to 12 years old, characterized by neuro-reflex excitability. Shows that the child:

active, unable to sit still, do one thing for a long time;
constantly distracted;
impulsive;
unrestrained and talkative;
does not finish what he started.

Neuropathy does not lead to a decrease in intelligence, but if the condition is not corrected, it often causes difficulties with study and adaptation in the social sphere. In the future, the consequence of attention deficit disorder may be incontinence, the formation of drug or alcohol addiction, family problems.

Autism

A congenital mental disorder is accompanied not only by speech and motor disorders, autism is characterized by a violation of contact and social interaction with people. Stereotypical behavior makes it difficult to change the environment, living conditions, changes cause fear and panic. Children are prone to making monotonous movements and actions, repeating sounds and words.

The disease is difficult to treat, but the efforts of doctors and parents can correct the situation and reduce the manifestations of psychopathological symptoms.

Acceleration

Pathology is characterized by accelerated development of the child in physical or intellectual terms. The reasons include urbanization, improved nutrition, interethnic marriages. Acceleration can manifest itself as harmonic development, when all systems develop evenly, but these cases are rare. With the progress of the physical and mental direction, somatovegetative deviations are noted at an early age, endocrine problems are detected in older children.

The mental sphere is also characterized by discord, for example, during the formation of early speech skills, motor skills or social cognition lag behind, and physical maturity is also combined with infantilism. With age, disagreements smooth out, so violations usually do not lead to consequences.

Infantilism

With infantilism, the emotional-volitional sphere lags behind in development. Symptoms are detected at the stage of school and adolescence, when already a big child behaves like a preschooler: he prefers to play rather than gain knowledge. Does not accept school discipline and requirements, while the level of abstract-logical thinking is not violated. In an unfavorable social environment, simple infantilism tends to progress.

The reasons for the formation of the disorder often become constant control and restriction, unjustified guardianship, the projection of negative emotions onto the child and incontinence, which prompts him to close and adapt.

What to pay attention to?

Manifestations of mental disorders in childhood are diverse, sometimes it is difficult to confuse them with a lack of education. Symptoms of these disorders can sometimes appear in healthy children, so only a specialist can diagnose the pathology. You should consult a doctor if the signs of mental disorders are pronounced, expressed in the following behavior:

Increased cruelty. A child at a younger age does not yet understand that dragging a cat by the tail hurts the animal. The student is aware of the level of discomfort of the animal, if he likes it, you should pay attention to his behavior.
Desire to lose weight. The desire to be beautiful arises in every girl in adolescence, when, with a normal weight, a schoolgirl considers herself fat and refuses to eat, the reason to go to a psychiatrist is “obvious”.
If a child has a high degree of anxiety, panic attacks often occur, the situation cannot be left unattended.
Bad mood and blues are sometimes characteristic of people, but the course of depression for more than 2 weeks in a teenager requires increased attention from parents.
Mood swings indicate the instability of the psyche, the inability to adequately respond to stimuli. If a change in behavior occurs without a reason, this indicates problems that need to be addressed.

When a child is mobile and sometimes inattentive, there is nothing to worry about. But if because of this it is difficult for him to play even outdoor games with peers, because he is distracted, the condition requires correction.

Treatment Methods

Timely detection of behavioral disorders in children and the creation of a favorable psychological atmosphere makes it possible to correct mental disorders in most cases. Some situations require monitoring and medication throughout life. Sometimes it is possible to cope with the problem in a short time, sometimes it takes years to recover, the support of adults surrounding the child. Therapy depends on the diagnosis, age, causes of formation and type of manifestations of disorders, in each case the method of treatment is selected individually, even when the symptoms vary slightly. Therefore, when visiting a psychotherapist and psychologist, it is important to explain to the doctor the essence of the problem, to provide a complete description of the characteristics of the child's behavior, based on a comparative description before and after the changes.

In the treatment of children are used:

In simple cases, psychotherapeutic methods are sufficient, when the doctor, in conversations with the child and parents, helps to find the cause of the problem, ways to solve it, and teaches how to control behavior.
A complex of psychotherapeutic measures and taking medications indicates a more serious development of the pathology. In depressive states, aggressive behavior, mood swings, sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics are prescribed. Nootropics, psychoneuroregulators are used to treat developmental delays.
In case of severe disorders, inpatient treatment is recommended, where the child receives a course of necessary therapy under the supervision of a physician.

During the period of treatment and after it, it is necessary to create a favorable environment in the family, eliminate stress and the negative impact of the environment that affects behavioral reactions.

If parents have doubts about the adequacy of the child's behavior, it is necessary to contact a psychiatrist, a specialist will conduct an examination and prescribe treatment. It is important to identify pathology at an early stage in order to correct behavior in time, prevent the progression of the disorder and eliminate the problem.

I know that no one can help me, but I want to tell about my situation, perhaps a banal desire to "pour out my soul", to cry to strangers will help me, because. I can’t talk about my oppressed thoughts and feelings to others.
I am 29 years old, I have a mentally ill child, a son, 6.5 years old. how much time and effort was spent, but society stubbornly does not accept it. he is not retarded, he is specific - autistic. does not speak, understands everything, but is not interested in anything, although they have tried all the methods and activities. everything he learns he goes through on his own. no matter how we beat our heads, until it ripens, you won’t squeeze anything out of it. The problems were exacerbated when they tried to expel him from a rehabilitation center for disabled children. Deal in is, that he very utsperty, whimsical and emotional. neither teachers nor educators like it. frankly, I partly understand them, but, on the other hand, I don't know what to do. he goes to a group, like in a kindergarten (from 9 to 5). I go to work and this is my only outlet, only at work can I unload my sick brain and thoughts. in the rehab center they strongly advise me to quit my job and sit at home with him. I do not want to do this, because we have already gone through this and it does not give anything - he needs a team.
now we have problems with sleep, he does not sleep, I do not sleep, no one sleeps. but the only thing that saves me is work. At home, I turn into a crazy hysteric.
what to do? I am at a dead end, I don’t know what will happen next .. how to be, or spit on everything, quit and isolate myself and him from the environment?
I think about suicide, my nerves are on edge ... I described the situation rather dryly, especially my feelings, thoughts and emotions, I just can’t, I don’t want to, I don’t know what to do
Support the site:

Zarina, age: 29 / 13.02.2014

Responses:

Zarina, of course, has a very difficult time when life focuses on one problem, and the problem is really complex. How can you help yourself first? Find time at least once a week to "reboot". At least one hour in a temple, in a museum, in a cafe... Another hour of a leisurely walk through the park, square, river bank... Another hour of drawing or weaving, knitting, embroidery, reading your favorite book... Remember what exactly you liked to do before? Maybe try to remember? Try to arrange this hour with someone, with a nurse after all. Expand your view of the world - that's your task now. So?
Secondly, I think that you can contact the parents of the same special children, consult with them. Who, if not them, who are experiencing the same difficulties, will tell you from their experience how exactly you can help yourself and your son. I just typed in the search engine "Parents of autistic children", more than a dozen sites and forums immediately appeared. Read them, choose the one that seems more reliable, consult knowledgeable people there. God help.

Elena, age: 57 / 02/13/2014

Hello Zarina! No need to spit on everything, isolate and think about suicide! You are fighting and you are on the right track! You are strong, you are great! What can be advised here? In your case, I would count only on the help of God. Only Faith will bring you the desired peace. You know, a mother's prayers for a child, they are the strongest! They are able to work miracles of healing! And I would also contact people on the forums with similar problems. There you will be given effective advice and share your experience. Don't be discouraged, don't give up! Your baby needs you so much! With all my heart I wish you strength, endurance and patience, and your son health! I believe that you will definitely win!

magnolia, age: 39 / 13.02.2014

Probably it makes sense to write to the forum where the mothers of such children communicate. It is easier for them to understand from their own experience how best to act in this situation. The fact that the child does not sleep at night, it is possible that he sleeps during the day, because it is impossible not to sleep for a long time. I don’t have children, I just wrote it logically, maybe the children can’t sleep, I don’t know for sure. If the job saves, then I probably would not quit it. It is impossible to live in constant stress.

Sonya, age: 33 / 13.02.2014

Zarina, keep fighting! Your son needs you. Apart from you, few people can help him. Are there families with autistic children in your city? Maybe you can try to establish contact with one of them, they will understand you better than others? Ask someone to sit with your son for at least an hour, and then spend this time on yourself. You probably have relatives, at worst friends? Can't they give you this hour at least once a week? Understand this is not the end. It's very hard, but you have to fight. I have heard (sorry if I got this wrong) that autistic children often grow up to be gifted individuals. Your son needs you, don't try to lay hands on yourself.

Yuriy, age: 37 / 02/13/2014

What definitely should not be done is to isolate yourself and the child from society. Then you just degrade. Look for communication with the same parents as you. Take advice, learn from their experience. It's easier together. Just don't isolate yourself, I beg you!

Natalia, age: * / 02/13/2014

Zarina, hold on. It is clear from your post that it is very difficult for you. Unfortunately, I am not very familiar with the problem, I work with a colleague who has Asperger's syndrome, he is very smart, it is interesting to communicate with him, although sometimes it is difficult, but as far as I know this syndrome is slightly different from autism. It seems to me that your inner voice tells you that it is better not to deprive yourself or your child of communication with the team, so listen to yourself and most likely you will find the right answer. I wish you the strength to cope with the situation and problems.

Daria, age: 28 / 14.02.2014

Zarina, why not stop fighting, then the tension will go away. You know, they say if you want to get something, let go of the situation. This does not mean that the development of the child should not be dealt with, but it’s just worth doing it without anguish. The child can become more learnable if you you won’t break down .... try it, it won’t work right away, there will be breakdowns, and then get used to it.

Elia, age: 02/23/2014

Zarinochka, I sympathize with you! Try to find a psychologist who specializes in pathopsychology or psychogenetics. He can help by working with your child. There is a chance to slightly adjust his behavior.

I don't think it's worth quitting your job. You are also a person who deserves a normal life. And if work is your outlet, then use it and breathe there! Why punish yourself? Work and don't quit.

And pour out your soul more often. It really helps. Maybe you will find someone with similar problems - will share. And the situation is no longer so terrible.

Olga, age: 27/14.02.2014

Dear Zarinochka!
DO make contact with parents of autistic children! I know from my own experience what it is like to live next to a person who has a mental illness. In my case, the situation could not be corrected, it was a progressive Alzheimer's disease in an elderly person. I felt cornered, crying all the time and not a single joyful thought. But when I found comrades in misfortune, I first felt human warmth from people who understand the situation. It just got easier, honestly! Everyone knows the characteristics of patients, share news, successes and failures with each other, and support each other. And secondly, I received a lot of information, practical advice from experienced people, it also helped a lot. And in your case, the situation is more favorable - autistic children can be corrected, but for a long time, but not easy, but it's worth it! Just please don't try to separate yourself from the world! This will lead to even more discouragement. Collect joy bit by bit from everywhere - at work, from a good book, a movie, from kind people, from a walk! You will have enough of these crumbs of joy to hold out until better times! They will definitely come and warm your heart! God bless you!
(In the latest March issue of Domashny Ochag magazine there is an article written by the mother of an autistic girl "I believe in motherhood", which tells a real and inspiring story of victory over the disease.)

Elena, age: 37 / 02/14/2014

Hello dear Zarina!
I would advise you to take your son to receive communion as often as possible, and also try to confess and take communion yourself. I know of a case when a child did not sleep until the age of 3, and the first peaceful night was after Communion. His parents decided to take him to church. At first they did not understand what had happened at all! their little one slept through the night, and so did they! It was a shock for them. But they did not understand that the reason for this is Communion. Again they had a series of sleepless nights, again they decided to take the child to communion, and ... again they slept all night!!! Then they understood what was going on... :) The miracle of Holy Communion!
And I advise you to confess and receive communion, because the bond between mother and child is very, very strong. And it becomes easier for the child when his mother takes communion.
Learn how to prepare for these Sacraments, go to a church shop, ask the seller there, buy a booklet, or read it on the Internet, for example, here briefly .shtml
I agree with the above, I think you should not lock your baby at home, he needs communication! And work is an outlet for you, you cannot deprive yourself of this.
I think we need to continue to work with him in a rehabilitation center, and at home! Darling, drop your black thoughts about leaving. You are not alone now, you are responsible for your son, whom God has entrusted to you! And who will warm your little one when you are gone? Who will need it? How will he live without his mother?
No, Zarinochka, we must fight!
Can you take a leave of absence from work? Let the baby go to the center, and at least you get a good night's sleep at home!
I wish you health, strength and God's help!

Serafima, age: 02/24/2014

Zarina, I work with casters of disabled children. And I also have a 6-year-old reenok suffering from autism. Expert advice is not
groundless. If he is emotional and if there is an opportunity not to work, my advice is to quit. Better you it be in the center
drive for three hours than for a full day. It's hard for him to be there all day. I don’t know what city you are from, but mother of children
autistic people in Moscow and the Moscow region, if possible, try to be with their children. My child is talking.
He spoke at the age of 5. I already thought that this would not happen. An autist just needs to be loved and cared for, and he
will gradually open up to the world.

marina, age: 44/15.02.2014

My dear:D I have autism, although a small degree. I work, they got used to me, and with age it smoothed out a lot. I can fall into my thoughts, yes, some situations scare me a lot, to the point of hysteria, I try to avoid them. For example, I am afraid of horses to the point of shaking. But still, better than when I was a kid. This nightmare is not forever. And autists can be very interesting, even very over time. He will be able to work and become your support. My mother didn't believe me either :-)
Hold on. It is a pity that you are faced with this, but this is not the case when there is no progress forever. For me, you can’t even tell now, unless, of course, at certain moments of fright ... But healthy ones seem to squeal from mice and cockroaches?)

dalmatian, age: 31 / 16.02.2014

Dear Zarina! Firstly, you are a big smart girl and you can be understood. But you delivered such a direct “sentence” to your child, “Pikhichek sick.” He is not Sick, but extraordinary, not like everyone else. He needs a special approach and a lot of warmth and love. What does it mean want to be kicked out of the center? What kind of specialists are there? Maybe they need to be kicked out of this center? Do not back down and of course you don’t need to quit your job. These unusual children are very interesting, if you look closely at them, they are very deep in their world, to force, inspire, punish - all this is not for them. But you have to suffer that he is like that .... You are right, he needs society, why he will completely lose adaptation ... Someone here wrote that such children often grow up to be geniuses, this is true ..... because they are unpredictable ... Think, but God does not give someone at all children .... And he just gave you something unusual .... not every mother is able to raise such ... So you were chosen from above and you are very strong ... Love him very much. You see a normal lifestyle - read, walk, communicate. ..do not withdraw into yourself...parts to you and your son

Natalia, age: 29 / 31.07.2014

I will answer late. I have the same problem, only the child is 14 years old. He was also "special": somewhere smarter than others, somewhere incomprehensibly aggressive. Although I worked hard with him, I tried to develop motor skills and logic. Went to regular DC. There were tantrums, and trials with other parents. At the age of 7, the child became very interested in reading: encyclopedias, detective stories, he read a lot and without interruption. Autists have such a fad: if something fascinates, then they don’t know the measures. But it lasted until 10-11. The countdown started from 10: I stopped reading, then I stopped taking care of myself (washing my face, etc.). Sits at the PC or lies if the PC is turned off. Rude, deceiving. Studying for him no longer exists (teachers are generally surprised how he could study in a regular school). Now I need to apply for disability. Diagnosed with a mental disorder, but the psychiatrist says that apparently also with schizophrenia. In general, my child is already lost to society - he lives in his own world. And so I also think everything - did I do everything I could and should I give up or is there still an opportunity to change something?
your problems are nonsense. The main thing is that you see a personality in your child and do not give up under the onslaught of others. The opinion of others is also nonsense. For me, it already means nothing, or rather, having gone through many humiliations and problems, I realized that only a person who has experienced the same thing (not approximately, but in the same strength) can understand me. Yes, I also wanted to isolate myself (leave for the village), but as usual, trouble does not come alone, so everything came to me and I myself lay down in a psychiatric hospital, but I realized that you can’t run away from problems ... you don’t feel sorry for yourself, you feel sorry for the child. But apparently - this is such a test given to us ... It's cruelly over ..

Nadine, age: 40 / 21.10.2014

Hello, my name is Elena. I have already gone through all this, I have a son, he is already 15 years old. A tortured child was waiting for him very much. We have mental retardation, psychosis is very violent. I've been at home with him for 6 years now. And I didn't go crazy. In your case, you need to pull yourself together, you don’t need to think about anything bad, put it out of your head. You need to be strong for the sake of your child. Well, the fact that he does not sleep may be worth drinking some sleep teas for a start. Well, it makes no sense to be offended by people; they will never accept children with disabilities. they also look at us, but we have learned not to pay attention. So we have one more positive life. All the best to you.

elena, age: 38 / 31.07.2015

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Nowadays, mental deviations are found in almost every second person. Not always the disease has bright clinical manifestations. However, some deviations cannot be neglected. The concept of the norm has a wide range, but inaction, with obvious signs of illness, only exacerbates the situation.

Mental illness in adults, children: list and description

Sometimes, different ailments have the same symptoms, but in most cases, diseases can be divided and classified. Major mental illnesses - a list and description of deviations can attract the attention of loved ones, but only an experienced psychiatrist can establish the final diagnosis. He will also prescribe treatment based on the symptoms, coupled with clinical studies. The sooner the patient seeks help, the greater the chance of successful treatment. We need to discard stereotypes, and not be afraid to face the truth. Now mental illness is not a sentence, and most of them are successfully treated if the patient turns to the doctors for help in time. Most often, the patient himself is not aware of his condition, and this mission should be taken on by his relatives. The list and description of mental illnesses is for informational purposes only. Perhaps your knowledge will save the lives of those who are dear to you, or dispel your worries.

Agoraphobia with panic disorder

Agoraphobia, in one way or another, accounts for about 50% of all anxiety disorders. If initially the disorder meant only the fear of open space, now the fear of fear has been added to this. That's right, a panic attack overtakes in an environment where there is a high probability of falling, getting lost, getting lost, etc., and fear will not cope with this. Agoraphobia expresses non-specific symptoms, that is, increased heart rate, sweating can also occur with other disorders. All the symptoms of agoraphobia are exclusively subjective signs experienced by the patient himself.

Alcoholic dementia

Ethyl alcohol, with constant use, acts as a toxin that destroys the brain functions responsible for human behavior and emotions. Unfortunately, only alcoholic dementia can be tracked, its symptoms can be identified, but treatment will not restore lost brain functions. You can slow down alcohol dementia, but you can't heal a person completely. Symptoms of alcoholic dementia include slurred speech, memory loss, sensory loss, and lack of logic.

Allotriophagy

Some are surprised when children or pregnant women combine incompatible foods, or, in general, eat something inedible. Most often, this is the lack of certain trace elements and vitamins in the body. This is not a disease, and is usually “treated” by taking a vitamin complex. With allotriophagy, people eat what is basically not edible: glass, dirt, hair, iron, and this is a mental disorder, the causes of which are not only a lack of vitamins. Most often, this is a shock, plus beriberi, and, as a rule, treatment also needs to be approached comprehensively.

Anorexia

In our time of craze for gloss, the mortality rate from anorexia is 20%. An obsessive fear of getting fat makes you refuse to eat, up to complete exhaustion. If you recognize the first signs of anorexia, a difficult situation can be avoided and measures can be taken in time. The first symptoms of anorexia:
Table setting turns into a ritual, with calorie counting, fine cutting, and spreading/smearing food on a plate. All life and interests are focused only on food, calories, and weighing five times a day.

Autism

Autism - what is this disease, and how can it be treated? Only half of the children diagnosed with autism have functional brain disorders. Children with autism think differently than normal children. They understand everything, but cannot express their emotions due to the disruption of social interaction. Ordinary children grow up and copy the behavior of adults, their gestures, facial expressions, and so learn to communicate, but with autism, non-verbal communication is impossible. do not strive for loneliness, they simply do not know how to establish contact themselves. With due attention and special training, this can be somewhat corrected.

Delirium tremens

Delirium tremens refers to psychosis, against the background of prolonged use of alcohol. Signs of delirium tremens are represented by a very wide range of symptoms. Hallucinations - visual, tactile and auditory, delirium, rapid mood swings from blissful to aggressive. To date, the mechanism of brain damage is not fully understood, as well as there is no complete cure for this disorder.

Alzheimer's disease

Many types of mental disorders are incurable, and Alzheimer's disease is one of them. The first signs of Alzheimer's disease in men are non-specific, and it is not immediately evident. After all, all men forget birthdays, important dates, and this does not surprise anyone. In Alzheimer's disease, short-term memory is the first to suffer, and a person literally forgets today. Aggression, irritability appear, and this is also attributed to a manifestation of character, thereby missing the moment when it was possible to slow down the course of the disease and prevent too rapid dementia.

Pick's disease

Niemann Pick disease in children is exclusively hereditary, and is divided according to severity into several categories, according to mutations in a certain pair of chromosomes. The classic category "A" is a sentence for a child, and death occurs by the age of five. Symptoms of Niemann Pick disease appear in the first two weeks of a child's life. Lack of appetite, vomiting, clouding of the cornea of the eye and enlarged internal organs, due to which the child's stomach becomes disproportionately large. Damage to the central nervous system and metabolism leads to death. Categories "B", "C", and "D" are not so dangerous, since the central nervous system is not affected so rapidly, this process can be slowed down.

bulimia

Bulimia - what kind of disease is it, and should it be treated? In fact, bulimia is not just a mental disorder. A person does not control his feeling of hunger and eats literally everything. At the same time, the feeling of guilt makes the patient take a lot of laxatives, emetics, and miracle remedies for weight loss. Obsession with your weight is just the tip of the iceberg. Bulimia occurs due to functional disorders of the central nervous system, with pituitary disorders, with brain tumors, the initial stage of diabetes, and bulimia is only a symptom of these diseases.

Hallucinosis

The causes of hallucinosis syndrome occur against the background of encephalitis, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, hemorrhage, or tumors. With full lucid consciousness, the patient may experience visual hallucinations, auditory, tactile, or olfactory. A person can see the world around him in a somewhat distorted form, and the faces of the interlocutors can be presented as cartoon characters, or as geometric shapes. The acute form of hallucinosis can last up to two weeks, but you should not relax if the hallucinations have passed. Without identifying the causes of hallucinations, and appropriate treatment, the disease may return.

Dementia

Senile is a consequence of Alzheimer's disease, and is often referred to by the people as "old man's insanity." The stages of development of dementia can be divided into several periods. At the first stage, memory lapses are observed, and sometimes the patient forgets where he went and what he did a minute ago.

The next stage is the loss of orientation in space and time. The patient can get lost even in his room. Further, hallucinations, delusions, and sleep disturbances follow. In some cases, dementia proceeds very quickly, and the patient completely loses the ability to reason, speak and serve himself within two to three months. With proper care, supportive care, the prognosis of life after the onset of dementia is from 3 to 15 years, depending on the causes of dementia, patient care, and individual characteristics of the body.

Depersonalization

Depersonalization syndrome is characterized by a loss of connection with oneself. The patient cannot perceive himself, his actions, words, as his own, and looks at himself from the outside. In some cases, this is a defensive reaction of the psyche to a shock, when you need to evaluate your actions from the outside without emotions. If this disorder does not go away within two weeks, treatment is prescribed based on the severity of the disease.

Depression

It is impossible to answer unequivocally whether it is a disease or not. This is an affective disorder, that is, a mood disorder, but it affects the quality of life, and can lead to disability. A pessimistic attitude triggers other mechanisms that destroy the body. Another option is also possible, when depression is a symptom of other diseases of the endocrine system or pathology of the central nervous system.

dissociative fugue

Dissociative fugue is an acute mental disorder that occurs against a background of stress. The patient leaves his home, moves to a new place, and everything connected with his personality: name, surname, age, profession, etc., is erased from his memory. At the same time, the memory of the books read, of some experience, but not related to his personality, is preserved. A dissociative fugue can last from two weeks to many years. Memory may return suddenly, but if this does not happen, you should seek qualified help from a psychotherapist. Under hypnosis, as a rule, the cause of the shock is found, and the memory returns.

Stuttering

Stuttering is a violation of the tempo-rhythmic organization of speech, expressed by spasms of the speech apparatus, as a rule, stuttering occurs in physically and psychologically weak people who are too dependent on someone else's opinion. The area of the brain responsible for speech is adjacent to the area responsible for emotions. Violations occurring in one area are inevitably reflected in another.

gambling addiction

Gambling is considered a disease of the weak. This is a personality disorder, and treatment is complicated by the fact that there is no cure for gambling. Against the background of loneliness, infantilism, greed, or laziness, addiction to the game develops. The quality of treatment for gambling addiction depends solely on the desire of the patient himself, and consists in constant self-discipline.

Idiocy

Idiocy is classified in the ICD as profound mental retardation. The general characteristics of personality and behavior are correlated with the level of development of a three-year-old child. Patients with idiocy are practically incapable of learning and live exclusively by instinct. Typically, patients have an IQ of around 20, and treatment consists of patient care.

Imbecility

In the International Classification of Diseases, imbecility has been replaced by the term "mental retardation". Impairment of intellectual development in the degree of imbecility represents the average level of mental retardation. Congenital imbecility is a consequence of intrauterine infection or defects in the formation of the fetus. The level of development of the imbecile corresponds to the development of a child of 6-9 years. They are moderately trainable, but the imbecile's independent living is impossible.

Hypochondria

It manifests itself in an obsessive search for diseases in oneself. The patient carefully listens to his body and looks for symptoms that confirm the presence of the disease. Most often, such patients complain of tingling, numbness of the extremities and other non-specific symptoms, requiring doctors to accurately diagnose. Sometimes, patients with hypochondria are so sure of their serious illness that the body, under the influence of the psyche, fails and really gets sick.

Hysteria

The signs of hysteria are quite violent, and, as a rule, women suffer from this personality disorder. With a hysteroid disorder, there is a strong manifestation of emotions, and some theatricality, and pretense. A person seeks to attract attention, arouse pity, achieve something. Some consider it just whims, but, as a rule, such a disorder is quite serious, since a person cannot control his emotions. Such patients need psychocorrection, since hysterics are aware of their behavior, and suffer from incontinence no less than their loved ones.

Kleptomania

This psychological disorder refers to the disorder of drives. The exact nature has not been studied, however, it is noted that kleptomania is a concomitant disease with other psychopathic disorders. Sometimes kleptomania manifests itself as a result of pregnancy or in adolescents, with a hormonal transformation of the body. The craving for theft in kleptomania does not aim to get rich. The patient is looking for only thrills from the very fact of committing an illegal act.

Cretinism

Types of cretinism are divided into endemic and sporadic. As a rule, sporadic cretinism is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones during embryonic development. Endemic cretinism is caused by a lack of iodine and selenium in the mother's diet during pregnancy. In the case of cretinism, early treatment is of the utmost importance. If, with congenital cretinism, therapy is started at 2-4 weeks of a child's life, the degree of his development will not lag behind the level of his peers.

"Culture shock

Many do not take culture shock and its consequences seriously, however, the state of a person with culture shock should be of concern. Often people experience culture shock when moving to another country. At first a person is happy, he likes different food, different songs, but soon he encounters the deepest differences in deeper layers. Everything that he used to consider normal and ordinary goes against his worldview in a new country. Depending on the characteristics of the person and the motives for moving, there are three ways to resolve the conflict:

1. Assimilation. Complete acceptance of a foreign culture and dissolution in it, sometimes in an exaggerated form. One's own culture is belittled, criticized, and the new one is considered more developed and ideal.

2. Ghettoization. That is, creating your own world inside a foreign country. This is a separate residence, and the restriction of external contacts with the local population.

3. Moderate assimilation. In this case, the individual will keep in his home everything that was accepted in his homeland, but at work and in society he tries to acquire a different culture and observes the customs generally accepted in this society.

Persecution mania

Mania of persecution - in a word, one can characterize the real disorder as spy mania, or persecution. Persecution mania can develop against the background of schizophrenia, and manifests itself in excessive suspicion. The patient is convinced that he is an object of surveillance by special services, and suspects everyone, even his relatives, of espionage. This schizophrenic disorder is difficult to treat, since the patient cannot be convinced that the doctor is not an employee of the special services, but the pill is a medicine.

Misanthropy

A form of personality disorder characterized by hostility towards people, up to hatred. What is misanthropy, and how to recognize a misanthrope? Misanthrope opposes himself to society, its weaknesses and imperfections. To justify his hatred, a misanthrope often raises his philosophy to a kind of cult. A stereotype has been created that a misanthrope is an absolutely closed hermit, but this is not always the case. The misanthrope carefully selects whom to let into his personal space and who can be his equal. In a severe form, the misanthrope hates all of humanity as a whole and may call for massacres and wars.

Monomania

Monomania is a psychosis, expressed in focusing on one thought, with full preservation of reason. In today's psychiatry, the term "monomania" is considered obsolete, and too general. Currently, there are "pyromania", "kleptomania" and so on. Each of these psychoses has its own roots, and treatment is prescribed based on the severity of the disorder.

obsessive states

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, is characterized by the inability to get rid of annoying thoughts or actions. As a rule, OCD suffers from individuals with a high level of intelligence, with a high level of social responsibility. Obsessive-compulsive disorder manifests itself in endless thinking about unnecessary things. How many cells are on the companion's jacket, how old is the tree, why the bus has round headlights, etc.

The second version of the disorder is obsessive actions, or rechecking actions. The most common impact is related to cleanliness and order. The patient endlessly washes everything, folds and washes again, to the point of exhaustion. The syndrome of persistent states is difficult to treat, even with the use of complex therapy.

narcissistic personality disorder

The signs of narcissistic personality disorder are easy to recognize. prone to overestimated self-esteem, confident in their own ideality and perceive any criticism as envy. This is a behavioral personality disorder, and it's not as harmless as it might seem. Narcissistic personalities are confident in their own permissiveness and are entitled to something more than everyone else. Without a twinge of conscience, they can destroy other people's dreams and plans, because for them it does not matter.

Neurosis

Is obsessive-compulsive disorder a mental illness or not, and how difficult is it to diagnose the disorder? Most often, the disease is diagnosed on the basis of patient complaints, and psychological testing, MRI and CT of the brain. Often, neuroses are a symptom of a brain tumor, aneurysm, or previous infections.

Oligophrenia

This is a form of mental retardation in which the patient does not develop mentally. Oligophrenia is caused by intrauterine infections, defects in genes, or hypoxia during childbirth. The treatment of oligophrenia consists in the social adaptation of patients, and teaching the simplest self-service skills. For such patients, there are special kindergartens, schools, but it is rarely possible to achieve development more than the level of a ten-year-old child.

Panic attacks

A fairly common disorder, however, the causes of the disease are unknown. Most often, doctors in the diagnosis write VVD, since the symptoms are very similar. There are three categories of panic attacks:

1. Spontaneous panic attack. Fear, increased sweating and palpitations occur without any reason. If such attacks occur regularly, somatic diseases should be ruled out, and only after that you should be referred to a psychotherapist.

2. Situational panic attack. Many people have phobias. Someone is afraid to ride in an elevator, others are afraid of airplanes. Many psychologists successfully cope with such fears, and you should not delay visiting a doctor.

3. Panic attack when taking drugs or alcohol. In this situation, biochemical stimulation is on the face, and the psychologist in this case will only help get rid of the addiction, if any.

Paranoia

Paranoia is a heightened sense of reality. Patients with paranoia can build the most complex logical chains and solve the most intricate tasks, thanks to their non-standard logic. - a chronic disorder characterized by periods of calm and violent crises. During such periods, the treatment of the patient is especially difficult, since paranoid ideas can be expressed in persecution mania, megalomania, and other ideas where the patient considers doctors enemies or they are unworthy of treating him.

Pyromania

Pyromania is a mental disorder characterized by a morbid passion for watching fire. Only such contemplation can bring joy, satisfaction and calm to the patient. Pyromania is considered a type of OCD, due to the inability to resist the urge to set something on fire. Pyromaniacs rarely plan a fire in advance. This is spontaneous lust, which does not give material gain or profit, and the patient feels relieved after the arson has been committed.

Psychoses

They are classified according to their origin. Organic psychosis occurs against the background of brain damage due to infectious diseases (meningitis, encephalitis, syphilis, etc.)

1. Functional psychosis - with a physically intact brain, paranoid deviations occur.

2. Intoxication. The cause of intoxication psychosis is the abuse of alcohol, drug-containing drugs, and poisons. Under the influence of toxins, nerve fibers are affected, which leads to irreversible consequences and complicated psychoses.

3. Reactive. Psychosis, panic attacks, hysteria, and increased emotional excitability often occur after psychological trauma.

4. Traumatic. Due to traumatic brain injuries, psychosis can manifest itself in the form of hallucinations, unreasonable fears, and obsessive-compulsive states.

Self-damaging behavior "Patomimia"

Self-harmful behavior in adolescents is expressed in self-hatred, and self-infliction of pain as a punishment for their weakness. During adolescence, children are not always able to show their love, hate, or fear, and self-aggression helps to cope with this problem. Often, pathomimia is accompanied by alcoholism, drug addiction, or dangerous sports.

seasonal depression

Conduct disorder is expressed in apathy, depression, increased fatigue, and a general decrease in vital energy. All these are signs of seasonal depression, which affects mainly women. The causes of seasonal depression lie in the reduction of daylight hours. If the breakdown, drowsiness and melancholy began from the end of autumn and last until the very spring - this is seasonal depression. The production of serotonin and melatonin, the hormones responsible for mood, is affected by the presence of bright sunlight, and if it is not there, the necessary hormones fall into "hibernation".

Sexual perversions

The psychology of sexual perversion changes from year to year. Separate sexual inclinations do not correspond to modern standards of morality and generally accepted behavior. In different times and in different cultures, their understanding of the norm. What can be considered a sexual perversion today:

Fetishism. The object of sexual attraction is clothing or an inanimate object.
Egsbizionism. Sexual satisfaction is achieved only in public, by demonstrating one's genitals.
Voyeurism. Does not require direct participation in sexual intercourse, and is content with spying on the sexual intercourse of others.

Pedophilia. Painful longing to satisfy one's sexual passion with pre-pubescent children.
Sadomasochism. Sexual satisfaction is possible only in the case of causing or receiving physical pain or humiliation.

Senestopathy

Senestopathy is in psychology one of the symptoms of hypochondria or depressive delirium. The patient feels pain, burning, tingling, for no particular reason. In a severe form of senestopathy, the patient complains of freezing of the brain, itching of the heart, and itching in the liver. Diagnosis of senestopathy begins with a complete medical examination to exclude somatics and nonspecific symptoms of diseases of the internal organs.

negative twin syndrome

The delusional negative twin syndrome is also known as Capgras syndrome. In psychiatry, they have not decided whether to consider this an independent disease or a symptom. A patient with the negative twin syndrome is sure that one of his relatives, or himself, has been replaced. All negative actions (crashed the car, stole a candy bar in the supermarket), all this is attributed to the double. Of the possible causes of this syndrome, the destruction of the connection between visual perception and emotional is called, due to defects in the fusiform gyrus.

irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation is expressed in bloating, flatulence, and impaired defecation. The most common cause of IBS is stress. Approximately 2/3 of all TCS sufferers are women, and more than half of them suffer from mental disorders. Treatment for IBS is systemic and includes medication to relieve constipation, flatulence, or diarrhea, and antidepressants to relieve anxiety or depression.

chronic fatigue syndrome

Already reaching epidemic proportions. This is especially noticeable in large cities, where the rhythm of life is more rapid and the mental burden on a person is enormous. The symptoms of the disorder are quite variable and home treatment is possible if this is the initial form of the disease. Frequent headaches, sleepiness throughout the day, fatigue even after vacations or weekends, food allergies, memory loss and inability to concentrate are all symptoms of CFS.

Burnout Syndrome

The syndrome of emotional burnout in medical workers occurs after 2-4 years of work. The work of doctors is associated with constant stress, often doctors feel dissatisfied with themselves, the patient, or feel helpless. After a certain time, they are overtaken by emotional exhaustion, expressed in indifference to someone else's pain, cynicism, or outright aggression. Doctors are taught to treat other people, but they don't know how to deal with their own problem.

Vascular dementia

It is provoked by a violation of blood circulation in the brain, and is a progressive disease. Those who have high blood pressure, blood sugar, or someone from close relatives suffered from vascular dementia should be attentive to their health. How long they live with such a diagnosis depends on the severity of the brain damage, and on how carefully loved ones care for the patient. On average, after diagnosis, the life of the patient is 5-6 years, subject to appropriate treatment and care.

Stress and adjustment disorder

Stress and impaired behavioral adaptation are quite persistent. Violation of behavioral adaptation usually manifests itself within three months, after the stress itself. As a rule, this is a strong shock, the loss of a loved one, a catastrophe, violence, etc. A disorder of behavioral adaptation is expressed in violation of the moral rules accepted in society, senseless vandalism, and actions that endanger one's life or others.
Without appropriate treatment, stress disorder can last up to three years.

Suicidal behavior

As a rule, adolescents have not yet fully formed the idea of death. Frequent suicide attempts are caused by the desire to relax, take revenge, get away from problems. They do not want to die forever, but only temporarily. Nevertheless, these attempts may be successful. To prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents, prevention should be carried out. Trusting relationships in the family, learning to cope with stress and resolve conflict situations - this greatly reduces the risk of suicidal ideation.

Madness

Insanity is an outdated concept for the definition of a whole complex of mental disorders. Most often, the term madness is used in painting, in literature, along with another term - "madness". By definition, insanity or insanity can be temporary, caused by pain, passion, possession, and is mostly treated with prayer or magic.

Tapophilia

Tapophilia manifests itself in attraction to the cemetery and funeral rituals. The reasons for tapophilia mainly lie in the cultural and aesthetic interest in monuments, in rites and rituals. Some old necropolises are more like museums, and the atmosphere of the cemetery pacifies and reconciles with life. Tapophiles are not interested in dead bodies, or thoughts about death, and show only cultural and historical interest. As a rule, taphophylia does not require treatment, unless visiting cemeteries develops into compulsive behavior with OCD.

Anxiety

Anxiety in psychology is unmotivated fear, or fear for minor reasons. There is a “useful anxiety” in a person’s life, which is a protective mechanism. Anxiety is the result of an analysis of the situation, and a forecast of the consequences, how real the danger is. In the case of neurotic anxiety, a person cannot explain the reasons for his fear.

Trichotillomania

What is trichotillomania and is it a mental disorder? Of course, trichotillomania belongs to the OCD group and is aimed at pulling out one's hair. Sometimes hair is pulled out unconsciously, and the patient can eat personal hair, which leads to gastrointestinal problems. As a rule, trichotillomania is a reaction to stress. The patient feels a burning sensation in the hair follicle on the head, on the face, body, and after pulling out, the patient feels calm. Sometimes patients with trichotillomania become recluses, as they are embarrassed by their appearance, and they are ashamed of their behavior. Recent studies have revealed that patients with trichotillomania have damage in a particular gene. If these studies are confirmed, the treatment of trichotillomania will be more successful.

hikikomori

To fully study such a phenomenon as hikikomori is quite difficult. Basically, hikikomori deliberately isolate themselves from the outside world, and even from members of their family. They do not work, and do not leave the limits of their room, except for an urgent need. They maintain contact with the world via the Internet, and can even work remotely, but they exclude communication and meetings in real life. It is not uncommon for hikikomori to suffer from autism spectrum psychiatric disorders, social phobia, and anxiety disorder. In countries with an underdeveloped economy, hikikomori is practically not found.

Phobia

A phobia in psychiatry is fear, or excessive anxiety. As a rule, phobias are classified as mental disorders that do not require clinical research and psychocorrection will do better. The exception is already rooted phobias that get out of control of a person, disrupting his normal life.

Schizoid personality disorder

Diagnosis - schizoid personality disorder is based on the signs characteristic of this disorder.
In schizoid personality disorder, the individual is characterized by emotional coldness, indifference, unwillingness to socialize, and a tendency to retire.
Such people prefer to contemplate their inner world and do not share their experiences with loved ones, and are also indifferent to their appearance and how society reacts to it.

Schizophrenia

On the question: is it a congenital or acquired disease, there is no consensus. Presumably, for the appearance of schizophrenia, several factors must come together, such as genetic predisposition, living conditions, and socio-psychological environment. It is impossible to say that schizophrenia is an exclusively hereditary disease.

selective mutism

Selective mutism in children aged 3-9 years is manifested in selective verbality. As a rule, at this age, children go to kindergarten, school and find themselves in new conditions for themselves. Shy children experience difficulties in socialization, and this is reflected in their speech and behavior. At home they may talk incessantly, but at school they won't utter a single sound. Selective mutism is classified as a behavioral disorder, and psychotherapy is indicated.

Encoprese

Sometimes parents ask the question: "Encopresis - what is it, and is it a mental disorder?" With encopresis, the child cannot control his feces. He can "go big" in his pants, and not even understand what's wrong. If such a phenomenon is observed more than once a month, and lasts at least six months, the child needs a comprehensive examination, including a psychiatrist. During potty training, parents expect the child to get used to it the first time, and scold the baby when he forgets about it. Then the child has a fear of both the potty and defecation, which can be expressed in encopresis on the part of the psyche, and a host of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Enuresis

As a rule, it disappears by the age of five, and special treatment is not required here. It is only necessary to observe the regime of the day, do not drink a lot of liquid at night, and be sure to empty the bladder before going to bed. Enuresis can also be caused by neurosis against the background of stressful situations, and psychotraumatic factors for the child should be excluded.

Of great concern is enuresis in adolescents and adults. Sometimes in such cases there is an anomaly in the development of the bladder, and, alas, there is no treatment for this, except for the use of an enuresis alarm clock.

Often, mental disorders are perceived as a person’s character and they blame him for what, in fact, he is not guilty. The inability to live in society, the inability to adapt to everyone is condemned, and the person, it turns out, is alone with his misfortune. The list of the most common ailments does not cover even a hundredth of mental disorders, and in each case, symptoms and behavior may vary. If you are concerned about the condition of a loved one, do not let the situation take its course. If the problem interferes with life, then it must be solved together with a specialist.

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Health

To help children who have not been diagnosed with a mental disorder, researchers have released a list of 11 warning, easily recognizable signs that can be used by parents and others.

This list is intended to help bridge the gap between the number of children suffering from mental illness and those who actually receive treatment.

Studies have shown that three out of four children with mental health problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders and bipolar disorder, go unnoticed and not receive proper treatment.

Parents who notice any of the warning signs should see a pediatrician or mental health professional for a psychiatric evaluation. The researchers hope that the proposed list of symptoms help parents distinguish between normal behavior and signs of mental illness.

"Many people cannot be sure if their child has a problem.," states Dr. Peter S. Jensen(Dr. Peter S. Jensen), professor of psychiatry. " If a person has a “yes” or “no” answer, then it is easier for him to make a decision.."

Identifying a mental disorder in adolescence will also allow children to receive treatment earlier, making it more effective. For some children, it can take up to 10 years from when symptoms appear to when they start receiving treatment.

To compile the list, the committee reviewed studies on mental disorders that included more than 6,000 children.

Here are 11 warning signs of mental disorders:

1. Feelings of deep sadness or withdrawal that last more than 2-3 weeks.

2. Serious attempts to harm or kill yourself, or plans to do so.

3. Sudden, all-consuming fear for no reason, sometimes accompanied by a strong heartbeat and rapid breathing.

4. Participation in a lot of fights, including the use of weapons, or the desire to harm someone.

5. Violent, out of control behavior that could harm yourself or others.

6. Refusing food, throwing away food, or using laxatives to lose weight.

7. Strong anxieties and fears that interfere with normal activities.

8. Severe difficulty concentrating or being unable to sit still, which puts you in physical danger or causes you to fail.

9. Repeated use of drugs and alcohol.

10. Severe mood swings that lead to relationship problems.

11. Abrupt changes in behavior or personality

These signs are not a diagnosis, and for an accurate diagnosis, parents should consult a specialist. In addition, the researchers explained that these signs do not necessarily appear in children with mental disorders.