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Peanut is a beautiful annual erect legume plant up to 50-60 cm high with a tap root that penetrates to a depth of 150 cm.

In the upper layers root system occupies a diameter of up to a meter, which causes high resistance to drought. Peanut leaves are dark green and compound - pinnate. The flowers are collected in inflorescences in the axils of the leaves. The flower is bright yellow or orange.

Each inflorescence blooms one flower at a time, which extends the flowering period from late June until autumn frosts.

The flower opens at 7-8 o'clock in the morning and blooms until lunch. The plant develops up to 2000 flowers, and beans - from 30 to 70.

After a few days, in place of the flower, a young ovary begins to grow in the form of a kind of aerial “root”, which bends and goes towards the soil.

Botanists call such ovaries gynophores. This is how the plant protects its offspring from heat and drought.

Having penetrated the soil, the tip of the gynophore begins to quickly grow into a cylindrical or cocoon-shaped bean, in which 1-4 elongated oval light pink seeds are formed.

Peanut growing technology

Peanut We need areas with warm soils, intense lighting without shading by other plants and good ventilation. The soil should be light sandy loam, chernozem, neutral, with a high content of humus, calcium and magnesium (on acidic soils it is better to add chalk or lime). Peanuts also do not tolerate salinity (then add phosphogypsum or use other methods to reduce soil salinity).

Seeds germinate at a temperature of +12-14 °C, optimal temperature+25-30 °C, after September cold snaps down to +12-13 °C, seeds are not formed. Even slight frosts are destructive, and after autumn frosts below -3 °C, the seeds in unripe beans lose their viability.

Peanuts have great demands on soil moisture, especially during flowering and seed formation in underground beans. There should be no stagnation of water. Excessive moisture in September significantly inhibits seed ripening.

In order for gynophores to quickly reach the soil and begin to grow into underground beans, it is necessary to hill up the plants. In case of violation optimal conditions Low disease resistance is observed - root rot spreads and leaves become stained.

How to grow groundnuts correctly

Soil preparation

In the garden, peanuts love crop rotation. It is sown after potatoes, cucumbers and cabbage, under which they added large doses organic fertilizers.

You cannot sow the crop after peas, beans and other legumes, after which root rot develops. Peanuts are very responsive to phosphorus fertilizers.

To do this, in the spring, when preparing the soil for sowing, it is better to add nitrophoska at the rate of 50 g per 1 m². During autumn digging, humus is simultaneously added to a depth of 25-30 cm - 1-3 kg per 1 m².

It is useful to add an additional handful of humus to each hole when sowing.

Sowing and watering

Sowing begins in May after warm weather sets in and the soil warms above +14-15 °C. Usually sowing is carried out after melons. In the forest-steppe, these dates fall on May 10-15. In addition to temperature, for seed germination you also need to take into account the possibility of a return of frost from May 20 to 25, which is detrimental to peanuts.

It is better to sow the crop with half-shelled seeds, although whole beans can also be sown. The remains of the valves are thrown along with the seeds, which helps colonize the roots with beneficial microscopic fungi that live on the surface of the valves.

At the dacha, it is better to sow peanuts in a square-cluster method 60×60 or 70×70 cm, 5-6 plants per nest. You can also sow in a wide row with a row spacing of 60-70 cm with a distance between plants of 15-20 cm. Sowing depth is 6-8 cm.

For sowing, only large seeds are used - small and puny ones do not sprout. Watering peanuts different ways, but, naturally, drip or furrow irrigation is better. Watering is carried out once every 10-15 days in July-August in hot and dry weather. Watering is carried out only with water heated in the sun.

Hilling

A crucial point when growing peanuts is hilling the plants, without which the yield will be low.

Spud it 2-3 times. The first time to a height of 5-7 cm 10 days after the start of flowering.

Subsequent hillings are carried out every 10 days.

The main thing is not to rush to pour the soil around the plant in one go.

This will ensure that the soil gradually approaches the young gynophores that form after flowering along the entire length of the stem.

Cleaning

Peanuts are harvested before frost sets in. Beans are sorted into mature and unripe. Very small ones are thrown away. Dry in a dry, ventilated, warm room. Store in bags and husk as needed.

When stored in a cold and damp room, beans and seeds are affected by toxic microscopic mold fungi. The average yield of dry seeds in vegetable gardens is 100-150 g/m².

It can also be higher - everything will depend on growing experience. Keep in mind that peanuts lose their viability after 2-3 years.

How to grow peanuts in the country:

Many summer residents like to experiment with growing new crops. It’s nice to surprise guests by putting something so unusual on the table, proudly declaring: “I grew it myself in the garden.” If you are one of these enthusiastic people, try growing peanuts. By the way, this task is not so difficult, and in our article we will introduce you in detail to this crop and agricultural cultivation techniques.

Although peanuts are called nuts, they are actually related to regular beans, because... belongs to the same family - legumes. This plant looks like this:

1. The bush has a height of 0.5-0.6 m.
2. The stem is branched.
3. The leaves are pinnate, dark green.
4. The flowers are yellow, small, sometimes their number reaches 2 hundred. The lower ones gradually descend to the ground, penetrate into it and there turn into a bean, which is called a nut. Each shell produces from 1 to 4 light pink seeds. 30-70 nuts are collected from one bush.

About the benefits of peanuts

Of course, peanuts are delicious, especially roasted ones, but these are not all of their advantages, because they contain what the body needs so much:

• carbohydrates;
• proteins;
• fats;
• linolenic acid, vitamins B, E, if the beans are processed into oil.

And from these delicious nuts they make peanut butter, which in its own way energy value the same as meat, but healthier due to the folic acid content in it.

We grow peanuts

To grow this legume family plant in our temperate climate, you should buy seeds of the following varieties:

• Krasnodarets 13;
• Krasnodarets 14;
• Steplyak;
• Valencia 433;
• Klinskaya.

Be carefull: Make sure they don’t sell you processed or roasted beans, otherwise you’ll waste money, time, and never see any sprouts..

To grow peanuts at home, you need to know what they need to grow.

Conditions for plant development

1. Since nuts can develop exclusively in the ground, a good harvest is possible only in loose chernozem, sandy loam or neutral soil. It is necessary to have magnesium and potassium, as well as humus in large quantities. By hilling the bushes up to 3 times per season, we will increase the amount of ovary.
2. Since the homeland of peanuts is South America, where it grows as a perennial, the second condition for its successful development is temperature. The optimal temperature is 20-27 degrees C, and as soon as it rises above +30 or drops below +15, the bushes stop growing.
3. The third condition for successful growing is good lighting. It is unacceptable to have plants nearby that shade this crop.
4. It is important that the bed in which this representative of legumes is planted is well ventilated.
5. When peanuts bloom and underground beans are formed, they require constant moisture, but not stagnant water. In September, when the seeds ripen, excess moisture can slow down this process.
6. The plant develops well in beds where cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes, grains were previously grown, but in no case beans, peas, i.e. its relatives are legumes. But after peanuts, any crops feel good in the garden.
7. If you are planning to grow it in large quantities and extract oil from it, then know that the color of peanuts depends on the soil. Beans grown in light soil will produce light oil, while beans grown in dark soil will produce darker oil.

Important: If the conditions necessary for the growth and development of peanuts are violated, the plant begins to hurt - spots appear on the leaves, which indicates the presence of root rot..

How to grow peanuts: ways

Groundnuts are grown through seedlings and by sowing in open ground. As planting material, you should take grains collected no more than 2 - 3 years ago, because then they lose their germination capacity. In any case, the seeds should first be germinated. This is done at the end of April:

1. Place the seeds in weak solution potassium permanganate for disinfection.
2. Wash and soak for germination. After 10 days, sprouts will appear.
3. We harden the sprouted seeds by keeping them indoors for 2-3 days at a temperature of about +3 degrees during daylight hours, and at night we transfer them to a place where the temperature is room temperature.

Seedlings are grown from sprouted seeds or sown in a garden bed. First, let's look at how to grow peanuts from seedlings. So:

• fill the cups with light soil in early April;
• bury the seeds 3 centimeters into the ground;
• place the cups on a sunny windowsill;
• water moderately;
• Meanwhile, we prepare the bed - we dig it up and remove the weeds;
• We plant the plants in early June with an interval of 15 - 20 cm from each other and 0.6 - 0.7 m row from row.

If you decide to plant peanuts directly in the ground, then as soon as it is established constant temperature air temperature is at least 20 degrees C, and the ground at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 15 degrees C, we begin to sow the sprouted seeds. The planting pattern is identical to that used when planting seedlings, and the depth is 60 - 80 mm. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground not only to see the harvest faster, but also to protect them from damage by mole crickets.

Good to know : the shell in which the nuts are located contains many useful microscopic fungi, so it is crushed and also thrown into the ground when planting.

We fight the mole cricket

To destroy the mole cricket, we make bait:

• we collect peelings and grain;
• dig in the garden bed;
• take a piece of roofing felt and cover it;
• pour plant debris, manure or humus on top;
• We periodically look through the bait and collect mole crickets.

For your information : as soon as the seedlings appear, it is necessary to protect them from birds, since the sprouts can be completely destroyed by crows and blackbirds.

Hilling, feeding peanuts

An important component of a good harvest is hilling, which is carried out several times a season:

1. Before the plants bloom, we hill up the bushes to a height of 50 to 70 mm.
2. 10 days after it blooms.
3. Regularly with an interval of 10 days, gradually reducing the distance between the roots (gynophores) formed after flowering and the soil. We carry out the last hilling in early August.

Three times a season, namely when real leaves begin to form, buds begin to form, and then fruits, we apply mineral fertilizers per 1 hundred square meters:

• nitrogen - from 0.45 to 0.6 kg;
• phosphorus - from 0.5 to 0.6 kg;
• potassium - up to 0.45 kg, but only in sandy loam soil.

Peanuts on a warm bed

When wondering how to grow peanuts in the country, consider an option such as a warm garden bed. It is better to prepare it in the fall or very early in the spring as a last resort:

1. We select a place and begin digging a trench to a depth of a spade bayonet. The optimal width is 1 m, and the length is whatever you want.
2. We store the top layer of soil on one side of the trench, and the bottom layer on the other.
3. We cover the bottom with plant debris and sprinkle it with soil. Place half-rotted compost on top.
4. We cover everything top layer land.

If the soil is healthy, then after 60 days the bed will be filled with warm water. nutritious soil, suitable for growing groundnut.

Growing peanuts in a greenhouse

Peanuts are comfortable in a greenhouse, especially when grown in tandem with tomatoes, but provided that the latter are not very densely spaced so that light still reaches the peanuts. Legumes share nitrogen with tomatoes, and you don’t need to hill up the bushes often - 2 times in June is enough. By September the harvest will be ripe.

How to grow peanuts at home on a windowsill

After growing peanut seedlings, you can leave a few plants at home and then harvest them directly on the windowsill. It's easy to do:

1. We take a wide container and fill it with soil with humus and sand added to it.
2. We plant a plant in it and place it in the brightest place, making sure that there are no drafts.
3. We wait until a flower appears and a bean develops from it. It is important that the shoots do not hang outside the container, otherwise the set fruit will not develop.
4. Water regularly and lightly loosen the soil.
5. We collect the fruits when the bush stops growing and the leaves begin to turn yellow.

Harvest

Peanuts cannot withstand even light frosts, so harvesting should be done before they occur. Wherein:

• we sort the nuts into ripe and unripe;
• throw away very small ones;
• We bring it into a ventilated, dry room for further drying;
• store in fabric bags;
• peel as needed.

If we have provided proper care, we can count on a harvest of 100 to 150 g of dry grains per 1 square meter. m, or even higher.

Watch a video on how to grow peanuts:

Peanut crops in central and southern Russia are quite rare, but with some knowledge, even without the slightest experience, getting a harvest of this crop is quite simple. Peanuts belong to annuals, the family is legumes.. The bush of the plant is small, up to 40 cm in height, with pinnate leaves. Flowers yellow color small. After the flowers die, fruits, protected by a peel, begin to form in the ground.

Content:

Concerning pollination and production of peanut crop, then this process is quite complex, because the flower lives for only a day and during this time it must be pollinated, so the abundant flowering of plants is imperceptible. Favorable conditions for the formation of the ovary do not always exist, but the peculiarity of the plant is that it can form up to 200 flowers during the entire period of vegetative development.

The peculiarity of peanut fruiting is the following fact - the fruits are not formed in root system like potatoes, and in mustache, which sends out plants from lateral branches in place of flowers. Based on the above, it should be noted that the plant during the period of fruit formation Frequent hilling is required loose soil.

Peanuts are considered to be native to South America, where their relatives grow in unprotected soil like weeds, thanks to the ideal balance of air temperature (high) and humidity (medium humidity). Under our conditions, fruits are not preserved in the soil during wintering; high humidity can contribute to the plant becoming infected with contagious fungal diseases, and low humidity causes flowers to fall off. This crop grows ideally at temperatures +20…+27 degrees. The plant is stunted at temperatures above +30 degrees and below 15 degrees.

In the open ground our crop can only be planted in the south of Russia, although many gardeners are cultivating “groundnuts” in other regions. This is possible thanks to a huge number of peanut varieties, more than 700.

It is recommended to plant peanuts in the soil sprouted seeds - in the southern regions seeds are planted in prepared holes in open ground, V middle lane It is recommended to plant seeds in a film greenhouse(possibly between rows between other crops, for example, between tomatoes).

If peanuts do not sprout, then the reasons should be sought in the seeds - they may be damaged or dry, so nuts from the market are not always full-fledged seed material.

Preparing seed material for planting

There are several methods for preparing peanut seeds before planting in the soil: germination And growing two-week-old seedlings in peat cups. In the latter case, the ripening time of the plant is accelerated, the plant is not damaged by the mole cricket. To protect plants from this pest, baits are made: peelings and rejected root crops are dropped into the soil, then the area is covered with a sheet of roofing material and sprinkled with earth. Traps need to be checked periodically when collecting mole crickets.

Peanut seeds should be soaked at the end of April., and germination lasts 10 days. To disinfect seeds, use a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate. In the middle lane It is recommended to harden the seeds, do this in the following way: during the day, within 18-20 hours, the seeds are kept at a temperature of +2...+3 degrees, at night at room temperature.

The duration of seed hardening should last no more than three days.

After the sprouts appear, the seeds are planted in cups with previously prepared loose soil or in a permanent place in unprotected soil. When planting plants in open ground, leave a distance of 20 centimeters between plants, and 25 centimeters between rows. Peanut is a heat-loving culture Therefore, it is better to cover the plantings with a film pre-stretched over a prepared frame; remove the film only after stable warm weather has established.

According to folk beliefs Peanuts in the southern regions can be planted without the use of protective structures - this time comes with the flowering of viburnum.

Agricultural technology for growing peanuts

The main activity when growing peanuts is their hilling; the amount of harvest depends on the number and correctness of hilling. Peanuts bloom in the last ten days of June and continues to bloom almost until the end of August. At this time, experienced gardeners carry out several hillings peanut plants. For the first time, it is recommended to fill the root zone of plants by about 3 centimeters with a mixture of garden soil and compost. In August, you need to carry out two more hillings with the same mixture, adding up to 2 centimeters of the same bedding.

Peanut harvesting begin with the beginning of yellowing of the leaves in September. The plant must be carefully dug up so as not to damage the fruits and shaken to remove the soil. Drying beans in the sun, together with the above-ground part. After about two weeks, the fruits are ready for further use. It is recommended to keep the nuts for sowing with the peel, so they are better preserved.

Peanuts are used to make coffee, cocoa, and halva; they are eaten raw or fried, added with salt and served with beer, and used as an additive to chocolate and other products. Nuts contain linoleic acid, vitamins B and E.

Growing peanuts in the garden, watch the video:

Peanuts planting and growing (part 1)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 2)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 3)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 4)

How to plant and grow peanuts. How to sow and grow seedlings? Is it possible to plant in open ground? How to care for planting? When to harvest? (10+)

Peanuts in the garden

Peanut loved in our latitudes as native, however, its homeland is South America. He had come a long way to our table: from South America he came to China and only then to Europe, which is why he for a long time was known under the name “Chinese pistachio”, although this has nothing to do with reality. Peanuts belong to the legume family.

The popularity of peanuts is quite understandable and is explained by the rare combination taste qualities and beneficial properties.

Beneficial properties of peanuts and their uses

Peanuts are very valuable in terms of their nutritional properties, it contains a large number of vitamins: B1, B2, niacin, C and in addition, a number useful elements: potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and phosphorus. Peanuts - very nutritious product nutrition, well, how could it be otherwise with such a calorie content: per 100g - 551 kcal.

Peanuts are truly rich in antioxidants and thanks to this they help in preventing diseases of cardio-vascular system, aging processes, gastrointestinal diseases, genitourinary system. More content Protein can only be found in soybeans.

Peanuts are easily digested by the body, although they are very filling, thanks to high content proteins. The high percentage of fat and protein makes peanuts an excellent raw material. In many countries, the main product from peanuts is oil, which is not inferior in its benefits to olive oil. Peanuts are useful not only for people, but also for animals: the shell and tops of groundnuts are very nutritious and healthy food for cattle.

We are accustomed to eating peanuts as a salty snack and as an addition to baked goods.

Peanuts are also used in cosmetology, pharmacology and the chemical industry.

Growing peanuts in open ground

Peanuts grow as medium-sized shrubs and have small flowers. yellow flowers, the beans (what we call nuts) set and ripen underground.

Despite the fact that peanuts are a heat-loving plant, practice shows that they grow quite successfully in our climatic conditions. In warmer parts of the country, you can grow peanuts directly in open ground.

In this case, the site needs to be prepared in the fall, and in the spring the soil needs to be leveled and the beds outlined. Between the holes you need to maintain a distance of about 30 cm, and between the rows - at least 60 cm.

The nuts need to be taken out of the cocoon and placed in a hole 5-7 cm deep, 3 pieces each. Planting should be done in early May, when the soil is sufficiently warm and the likelihood of frost is practically excluded. The soil for peanuts should be loose and well fluffy; heavy and clayey soils are not suitable.

There is no need to water immediately, because the soil is already wet at this time of year, but when the first shoots appear, you can start watering. Almost immediately, the peanuts will begin to bloom with small yellow flowers. As soon as the peanuts bloom, they need to be covered with earth. You need to hill up high; as the bush grows, you need to increase the soil shaft of hilling. Careful hilling is advisable until the bush is completely strong. This procedure is very important and it will have a positive effect on the amount of harvest. Watering should be done moderately, especially if it falls sufficient quantity precipitation.

In addition, it is worth regularly weeding the peanut rows, ridding them of weeds, this will also help maintain a loose soil structure.

Growing peanut seedlings

You can plant seedlings of peanut bushes in open ground. You need to start growing seedlings from the beginning of April: you need to place peanut seeds (nuts) in cups with soil to a depth of about 3 cm. The soil should be loose, soft and moderately moist. The glasses are placed on window sills on the sunny side and watered and fluffed moderately. Seedlings should be planted in open ground in pre-prepared soil in early June.

Attention should be paid to selecting a place for planting peanuts: it is advisable to choose a sunny place where potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, but not any other legumes, were previously grown.

Harvesting

You can harvest when the bushes begin to dry out. This usually occurs at the beginning of October. The weather should be sunny, warm, and the soil dry so that the bush can be easily pulled out. About a week before harvest there is no need to water at all. You can check whether the peanuts are ripe by digging up one bush.

It is convenient to dig up peanut bushes using a fork: the rhizome needs to be carefully pryed up, the cocoons with peanuts should remain on the bush if the harvest is harvested on time. The dug up bushes should be left in a well-ventilated, dry place for a couple of days, then the cocoons with peanuts should be picked and dried at room temperature until completely dry. An indicator that the peanuts are dry is the sound when the cocoon is shaken: the nuts should roll freely.

After this, the peanuts are ready for consumption and further manipulation.

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