Vegetable vitamin salad. Cereals and pasta
For people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment is provided diet table No. 9. Target special food– restore impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. It is logical that first of all you need to give up carbohydrates, but this is not entirely true: an absolute refusal of carbohydrate-containing foods will not only not help, but will also worsen the patient’s condition. For this reason fast carbohydrates(sugar, confectionery) are replaced with fruits and cereals. The diet should be balanced and complete, varied and not boring.
- Of course, sugar, jams, cakes and pastries are removed from the menu. Sugar should be replaced with analogues: xylitol, aspartame, sorbitol.
- Meals become more frequent (6 times a day), and portions become smaller.
- Breaks between meals should not be more than 3 hours.
- The last meal is 2 hours before going to bed.
- Fruits, berries or vegetable mixes should be used as snacks.
- Don't ignore breakfast: it starts your metabolism for the whole day, and when diabetes mellitus it is very important. Breakfast should be light but filling.
- When creating a menu, choose low-fat, boiled or steamed foods. Meat must be trimmed of fat before cooking; skin must be removed from chicken. All foods consumed must be fresh.
- You will have to reduce your caloric intake, especially if you are overweight.
- You should limit your salt intake, and also stop smoking and drinking alcohol.
- The diet should contain sufficient quantity fiber: it facilitates the absorption of carbohydrates, reduces the absorption of glucose in the gastrointestinal tract, stabilizes glucose levels in bloodstream, cleanses the intestines from toxic substances, relieves swelling.
- When choosing bread, it is better to focus on dark varieties of baked goods, perhaps with the addition of bran.
- Simple carbohydrates are replaced by complex cereals, for example: oatmeal, buckwheat, corn, etc.
Try not to overeat and gain weight. It is recommended to drink about 1.5 liters of fluid per day.
Patients with overweight the doctor may prescribe therapeutic diet No. 8, which is used to treat obesity, or combine both diets, taking into account individual characteristics.
Remember: a patient with type 2 diabetes should not be hungry. You should eat at the same time, but if in the interval between meals you feel hungry, be sure to eat a fruit, nibble a carrot or drink tea: drown out the hunger urges. Maintain a balance: overeating is no less dangerous for a diabetic patient.
Diet menu for type 2 diabetes mellitus
With type 2 diabetes, a person can lead a normal life by making some changes to their diet. We invite you to familiarize yourself with sample menu diets for type 2 diabetes.
- Breakfast. A portion oatmeal, a glass of carrot juice.
- Snack. Two baked apples.
- Dinner. A serving of pea soup, vinaigrette, a few slices of dark bread, a cup of green tea.
- Afternoon snack. Carrot salad with prunes.
- Dinner. Buckwheat with mushrooms, cucumber, some bread, a glass of mineral water.
- Before bed - a cup of kefir.
- Breakfast. A portion of cottage cheese with apples, a cup of green tea.
- Snack. Cranberry juice, cracker.
- Dinner. Bean soup, fish casserole, cabbage salad, bread, dried fruit compote.
- Afternoon snack. Sandwich with diet cheese, tea.
- Dinner. Vegetable stew, a piece of dark bread, a cup of green tea.
- Before bed - a cup of milk.
- Breakfast. Steamed cheesecakes with raisins, tea with milk.
- Snack. Several apricots.
- Dinner. A portion of vegetarian borscht, baked fish fillet with herbs, some bread, a glass of rosehip infusion.
- Afternoon snack. A serving of fruit salad.
- Dinner. Braised cabbage with mushrooms, bread, cup of tea.
- Before bed - yogurt without additives.
- Breakfast. Protein omelet, whole grain bread, coffee.
- Snack. Cup apple juice, cracker.
- Dinner. Tomato soup, chicken fillet with vegetables, bread, a cup of tea with lemon.
- Afternoon snack. A piece of bread with curd paste.
- Dinner. Carrot cutlets with Greek yogurt, bread, a cup of green tea.
- Before bed - a glass of milk.
- Breakfast. Two soft-boiled eggs, tea with milk.
- Snack. A handful of berries.
- Dinner. Fresh cabbage soup, potato cutlets, vegetable salad, bread, a glass of compote.
- Afternoon snack. Cottage cheese with cranberries.
- Dinner. Fish cutlet, steamed, portion vegetable salad, some bread, tea.
- Before going to bed - a glass of yogurt.
- Breakfast. A serving of millet porridge with fruit, a cup of tea.
- Snack. Fruit salad.
- Dinner. Celery soup, barley porridge with onions and vegetables, some bread, tea.
- Afternoon snack. Cottage cheese with lemon.
- Dinner. Potato cutlets, tomato salad, slice boiled fish, bread, a cup of compote.
- Before bed - a glass of kefir.
- Breakfast. A portion cottage cheese casserole with berries, cup of coffee.
- Snack. Fruit juice, cracker.
- Dinner. Onion soup, steamed chicken cutlets, a portion of vegetable salad, some bread, a cup of dried fruit compote.
- Afternoon snack. Apple.
- Dinner. Dumplings with cabbage, a cup of tea.
- Before bed - yogurt.
Recipes for type 2 diabetes
Vegetable snack
We will need: 6 medium tomatoes, two carrots, two onions, 4 bell peppers, 300-400 g white cabbage, a little vegetable oil, bay leaf, salt and pepper.
Shred the cabbage, cut the pepper into strips, tomatoes into cubes, onions into half rings. Simmer over low heat with the addition of vegetable oil and spices.
When serving, sprinkle with herbs. Can be used on its own or as a side dish for meat or fish.
Soup with tomatoes and bell peppers
You will need: one onion, one bell pepper, two potatoes, two tomatoes (fresh or canned), a tablespoon tomato paste, 3 cloves of garlic, ½ teaspoon of cumin, salt, paprika, about 0.8 liters of water.
Cut the tomatoes, peppers and onions into cubes, simmer in a saucepan with the addition of tomato paste, paprika and a few tablespoons of water. Grind the cumin using a masher or coffee grinder. Cut the potatoes into cubes, add to the vegetables, add salt and pour hot water. Cook until the potatoes are ready.
A few minutes before it’s ready, add cumin and crushed garlic to the soup. Sprinkle with herbs.
Meatballs made from vegetables and minced meat
We will need: ½ kg of minced chicken, one egg, one small head of cabbage, two carrots, two onions, 3 cloves of garlic, a glass of kefir, a tablespoon of tomato paste, salt, pepper, vegetable oil.
Finely chop the cabbage, chop the onion, and grate the carrots on a fine grater. Fry the onion, add vegetables and simmer for 10 minutes, cool. Meanwhile, add the egg, spices and salt to the minced meat and mix.
Add the vegetables to the minced meat, mix again, form meatballs and place them in the mold. Prepare the sauce: mix kefir with crushed garlic and salt, pour over the meatballs. Apply a little tomato paste or juice on top. Place the meatballs in the oven at 200°C for about 60 minutes.
Bon appetit.
Lentil soup
We will need: 200 g of red lentils, 1 liter of water, a little olive oil, one onion, one carrot, 200 g of mushrooms (champignons), salt, herbs.
Chop the onion, mushrooms, grate the carrots. Heat a frying pan, pour a little vegetable oil, fry onions, mushrooms and carrots for 5 minutes. Add the lentils, add water and cook over low heat, covered, for about 15 minutes. A few minutes before readiness, add salt and spices. Grind in a blender and divide into portions. This soup is very tasty with rye croutons.
Cabbage pancakes
You will need: ½ kg of white cabbage, a little parsley, a tablespoon of kefir, egg, 50 g solid diet cheese, salt, a tablespoon of bran, 2 tablespoons of flour, ½ teaspoon of soda or baking powder, pepper.
Finely chop the cabbage, dip in boiling water for 2 minutes, let the water drain. Add chopped herbs, grated cheese, kefir, egg, a spoonful of bran, flour and baking powder to the cabbage. Salt and pepper. Mix the mixture and place in the refrigerator for half an hour.
Line a baking sheet with parchment and grease vegetable oil. Using a spoon, place the mixture on parchment in the form of pancakes, place in the oven for about half an hour at 180°C, until golden brown.
Serve with Greek yogurt or on its own.
The diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus can be reviewed by the doctor, taking into account the degree of pathology, as well as the presence additional diseases. In addition to diet, you must follow all doctor's instructions and avoid heavy physical activity. Only with this approach to treatment is it possible to achieve stable and effective improvement patient's condition.
Today, type II diabetes mellitus is a very common acquired disease among both women and men. In most cases, this pathology is associated with obesity, which develops as a result of the modern lifestyle of many people (the predominance of carbohydrate foods in the diet, non-compliance with diet, frequent use fast food, overeating, physical inactivity, stress, etc.). The disease is getting younger every year. If previously type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered a disease of older people, now boys, girls and middle-aged people are increasingly facing this problem.
Diet is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment.
It is recommended to follow a diet for this disease constantly. In case of obesity, the daily calorie intake for women is 1000-1200 kcal, and for men 1300-1700 kcal. With normal body weight there is no need to reduce daily consumption calories. Since in diabetes mellitus the absorption of glucose by tissues is impaired, it is necessary not only to limit the intake of easily digestible carbohydrates into the body with food, but also fats. This is necessary to prevent obesity, since people suffering from this disease have a predisposition to accumulation overweight bodies. Daily ration should be divided into 5-6 parts: 3 main meals (without overeating) and 2-3 so-called snacks (apple, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, etc.). This diet is necessary to maintain constant blood glucose levels.
- bakery products made from whole grains, with bran, special diabetic types bread (protein-wheat or protein-bran) and crispbread;
- vegetarian soups, okroshka, pickles, 1-2 times a week you are allowed to eat soups with secondary meat or fish broth;
- lean varieties of meat, poultry in boiled, baked, jellied form, fried foods are also allowed 1-2 times a week;
- low-fat sausages ( boiled sausage, lean ham);
- various varieties of fatty fish no more than once a week;
- any vegetables, greens, fresh, boiled, baked, potatoes and sweet potatoes should be limited;
- unsweetened berries and fruits (apples, pears, plums, peaches, citrus fruits, lingonberries, raspberries, cranberries, currants, etc.); when preparing dishes from berries and fruits, sweeteners should be used;
- pasta from durum wheat added to soups or other dishes, oatmeal, buckwheat, millet cereals;
- eggs no more than 1 pc. per day (or 2 pieces 2-3 times a week) in the form of omelettes with vegetables or soft-boiled, eggs added to dishes should also be taken into account;
- dairy and fermented milk products with reduced content fat (cottage cheese, cheese, whole milk, kefir, yogurt, sour cream and butter are added to dishes);
- no more than 2-3 tablespoons per day (it is better to add unrefined types of oils to salads from fresh vegetables);
- confectionery and sweets only with sweeteners, made specifically for diabetic nutrition;
- sugar-free drinks (tea, coffee, vegetable, unsweetened fruit and berry juices, rose hip decoction, mineral waters).
Foods excluded from the diet for diabetes:
- sugar, chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, baked goods, confectionery products with added sugar, heavy cream and creams;
- fatty meats and poultry, offal, as well as pates made from them, lard;
- fatty smoked sausages, canned food;
- fatty dairy products, especially cream, sweet yoghurts, baked milk, curd cheeses;
- cooking fats, margarine;
- rice, semolina;
- sweet fruits and berries (grapes, bananas, figs, raisins, etc.);
- juices with added sugar, sweet carbonated drinks, alcohol.
Today, food designed specifically for people with diabetes can be purchased not only in pharmacies, but also in many grocery stores. Among the products for diabetics, you can also find many sweets made without added sugar, so patients have the opportunity to create a diet in such a way as not to feel restrictions and at the same time take into account the recommendations of doctors.
For diabetes, drinks without added sugar or with the use of sweeteners are not limited. In order to independently create a diet for type II diabetes, you can use the recommendations given below. It is proposed to divide products into 3 groups:
Group 1 - products that significantly increase blood glucose levels: sugar, honey, jam, sweets, including confectionery and baked goods, sweet fruits and juices from them, lemonades, natural kvass, semolina etc. This same group includes high-calorie foods: butter, fatty fish, fatty dairy products, mayonnaise, sausages, nuts, etc.
Group 2 - foods that moderately increase: black and white bread, potatoes, pasta, rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, sweets for diabetics, etc. This group also includes dairy products, unsweetened unsweetened baked goods, and vegetable oils.
Group 3 combines products whose consumption is not limited or can even be increased: vegetables, herbs, unsweetened fruit(apples, pears, plums, quince) and berries, as well as drinks without added sugar or with sweeteners.
People suffering from obesity need to completely exclude foods from group 1 from the diet, sharply limit the consumption of foods from group 2 and increase the amount of foods from group 3. People with normal weight The body should also completely exclude 1 group of products, halve the amount of products from group 2, the restrictions for them are not as stringent as for people prone to obesity.
Among the many sugar substitutes offered today, I would like to especially highlight the natural sugar substitute stevia, which is made from honey grass. It is several times sweeter than sugar, but does not affect blood glucose levels. Besides, honey grass, from which this is produced natural sweetener non-carbohydrate nature, contains many useful substances and vitamins.
Following a diet for diabetes is an integral part of treatment. A properly selected diet and following all nutritional recommendations will help to avoid sharp fluctuations in blood glucose levels, which will have a beneficial effect on the body’s condition and well-being. Moreover, in many cases, patients even manage to reduce the dose of sugar-lowering drugs.
Update: October 2018
Basic principles of nutrition
In diabetic patients who, intentionally or unknowingly, do not follow a diet before diagnosis, due to excessive amounts of carbohydrates in the diet, cell sensitivity to insulin is lost. Because of this, glucose in the blood increases and stays on high rates. Meaning dietary nutrition for diabetics is to restore lost insulin sensitivity to cells, i.e. ability to metabolize sugar.
- Limiting the total calorie content of the diet while maintaining its energy value for the body.
- The energy component of the diet should be equal to real energy expenditure.
- Eating at approximately the same time. This contributes coordinated work digestive system and the normal course of metabolic processes.
- Mandatory 5-6 meals a day, with light snacks - this is especially true for insulin-dependent patients.
- Basic meals that are (approximately) equal in calorie content. Most of the carbohydrates should occur in the first half of the day.
- Wide use of the permitted range of products in dishes, without focusing on any specific ones.
- Adding fresh, fiber-rich vegetables from the list of allowed to each dish to create satiety and reduce the rate of absorption of simple sugars.
- Replacement of sugar with approved and safe sweetener substitutes in standardized quantities.
- Preference for desserts with content vegetable fat(yogurt, nuts), since the breakdown of fats slows down the absorption of sugar.
- Eating sweets only during main meals, and not as snacks, otherwise it will happen sudden jump blood glucose.
- Strict restriction up to the complete exclusion of easily digestible carbohydrates.
- Limiting complex carbohydrates.
- Limiting the proportion of animal fats in the diet.
- Elimination or significant reduction of salt.
- Avoiding overeating, i.e. overload of the digestive tract.
- Avoid eating immediately after physical activity or playing sports.
- Elimination or sharp limitation of alcohol (up to 1 serving during the day). Do not drink on an empty stomach.
- Using dietary cooking methods.
- Total free liquid daily – 1.5 l.
Some features of optimal nutrition for diabetics
- In no case should you neglect breakfast.
- You can’t go hungry and take long breaks from eating.
- Last meal no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
- Dishes should not be too hot or too cold.
- During meals, vegetables are eaten first and then protein product(meat, cottage cheese).
- If the food portion contains significant amount carbohydrates, there must be proteins or the right fats to reduce the speed of digestion of the former.
- It is advisable to drink permitted drinks or water before meals, and not to wash them down with food.
- When preparing cutlets, no loaf is used, but you can add cereals, vegetables.
- You cannot increase the GI of foods by further frying them, adding flour, breading them in breadcrumbs and batter, flavoring them with oil, and even boiling them (beets, pumpkin).
- At poor tolerance raw vegetables They make baked dishes from them, various pastas and pates.
- You should eat slowly and in small portions, chewing your food thoroughly.
- You should stop eating at 80% saturation (according to personal feelings).
What is the glycemic index (GI) and why does a diabetic need it?
This is an indicator of the ability of foods, once they enter the body, to cause an increase in blood sugar levels. GI acquires particular relevance in severe and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Each product has its own GI. Accordingly, the higher it is, the faster it grows after its use and vice versa.
The GI gradation separates all products with high (more than 70 units), medium (41-70) and low GI (up to 40). Tables with the breakdown of products into specified groups or online calculators for calculating the GI can be found on thematic portals and used in everyday life.
All foods with a high GI are excluded from the diet with the rare exception of those that are beneficial for the body of a person suffering from diabetes (honey). In this case, the overall GI of the diet is reduced by limiting other carbohydrate foods.
The usual diet should consist of foods with low (mostly) and medium (smaller share) GI indicators.
What is XE and how to calculate it?
XE or Bread Unit- another measure for calculating carbohydrates. The name comes from a piece of “brick” bread, which is obtained by standard cutting a loaf into pieces and then in half: this is exactly the 25-gram piece that contains 1 XE.
Many foods contain carbohydrates, but they all differ in composition, properties and calorie content. This is why it is difficult to determine the daily volume of food consumption, which is important for insulin-dependent patients - the amount of carbohydrates consumed must correspond to the dose of insulin administered.
This calculation system is international and allows you to select the required dose of insulin. XE allows you to determine the carbohydrate component without weighing, but with the help of a glance and easy to perceive natural volumes(piece, thing, glass, spoon, etc.). Having estimated how much XE will be eaten at one time and measuring blood sugar, a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can administer the appropriate dose of insulin with short action before meals.
- 1 XE contains about 15 grams of digestible carbohydrates;
- after consuming 1 XE, the blood sugar level increases by 2.8 mmol/l;
- To absorb 1 XE you need 2 units. insulin;
- daily norm: 18-25 XE, divided into 6 meals (snacks 1-2 XE, main meals 3-5 XE);
- 1 XE is equal to: 25 g. white bread, 30 gr. black bread, half a glass of oatmeal or buckwheat, 1 medium-sized apple, 2 pcs. prunes, etc.
Allowed foods and those that can be consumed rarely
When eating for diabetes, permitted foods are a group that can be consumed without restrictions.
| Low GI: | Average GI: |
|
|
| Products with borderline GI content should be significantly limited and, in case of severe diabetes, excluded: | |
|
Prohibited Products
Refined sugar itself is a product with an average GI, but with a borderline value. This means that theoretically it can be consumed, but the absorption of sugar occurs quickly, which means that blood sugar also rises quickly. Therefore, ideally, it should be limited or not consumed at all.
| High GI foods (prohibited) | Other prohibited products: |
|
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Equivalent replacement of harmful products with useful analogues
We exclude |
Introduce into the diet |
| White rice | Brown rice |
| Potatoes, especially mashed potatoes and fries | Yasm, sweet potato |
| Regular pasta | Pasta made from durum flour and coarse grinding. |
| White bread | Peeled bread |
| Cornflakes | Bran |
| Cakes, pastries | Fruits and berries |
| Red meat | White dietary meat (rabbit, turkey), low-fat fish |
| Animal fats, trans fats | Vegetable fats (rapeseed, flaxseed, olive) |
| Rich meat broths | Light soups with a second dietetic meat broth |
| Fat cheese | Avocado, low-fat cheeses |
| Milk chocolate | bitter chocolate |
| Ice cream | Whipped frozen fruit (not Popsicles) |
| Cream | Low-fat milk |
Table 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9, specially designed for diabetics, is widely used for inpatient treatment such patients and should be followed at home. It was developed by the Soviet scientist M. Pevzner. The diet for diabetics includes daily intake of up to:
- 80 gr. vegetables;
- 300 gr. fruit;
- 1 glass of natural fruit juice;
- 500 ml fermented milk products, 200 grams of low-fat cottage cheese;
- 100 gr. mushrooms;
- 300 gr. fish or meat;
- 100-200 gr. rye, wheat with an admixture of rye flour, bran bread or 200 grams of potatoes, cereals (ready);
- 40-60 gr. fat
Main dishes:
- Soups: cabbage soup, vegetable soup, borscht, beetroot soup, meat and vegetable okroshka, light meat or fish broth, mushroom broth with vegetables and cereals.
- Meat, poultry: veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken, boiled, chopped, stewed.
- Fish: low-fat seafood and fish (pike perch, pike, cod, navaga) boiled, steamed, stewed, baked in its own juice.
- Snacks: vinaigrette, mixed fresh vegetables, vegetable caviar, salt-soaked herring, jellied dietary meat and fish, seafood salad with butter, unsalted cheese.
- Sweets: desserts made from fresh fruits, berries, fruit jelly without sugar, berry mousses, marmalade and jam without sugar.
- Beverages: coffee, tea are not strong, mineral water still, vegetable and fruit juice, ).
- Egg dishes: protein omelet, soft-boiled eggs, in dishes.
Diet by day for a week
The menu for the week, despite the skepticism of many people who have just embarked on the path of dietary nutrition, can be very tasty and varied, the main thing is not to make food a priority in life, because it is not the only thing that a person lives by.
1st option |
2nd option |
|
First day |
||
| Breakfast | Protein omelet with asparagus, tea. | Crumbled buckwheat with vegetable oil and steamed cheesecake. |
| 2 breakfast | Salad of squid and apple with walnuts. | Carrot salad made from fresh vegetables. |
| Dinner | Beetroot soup, baked eggplants with pomegranate seeds. |
Vegetarian vegetable soup, meat stew with jacket potatoes. One apple. |
| Snack | Sandwich from rye bread with avocado. | Kefir mixed with fresh berries. |
| Dinner | Baked salmon steak with green onions. | Boiled fish with stewed cabbage. |
Second day |
||
| Breakfast | Buckwheat with milk, a glass of coffee. | Hercules porridge. Tea with milk. |
| 2 breakfast | Fruit salad. | Cottage cheese with fresh apricots. |
| Dinner | Rassolnik on the second meat broth. Seafood salad. | Vegetarian borscht. Turkey meat goulash with lentils. |
| Snack | Unsalted cheese and a glass of kefir. | Vegetable cabbage rolls. |
| Dinner | Baked vegetables with chopped turkey. | Dried fruit compote without sugar. Soft-boiled egg. |
The third day |
||
| Breakfast | Oatmeal with grated apple and sweetened with stevia, a glass of sugar-free yogurt. | Low-fat cottage cheese with tomatoes. Tea. |
| 2 breakfast | Smoothie made from fresh apricots with the addition of berries. | Vegetable vinaigrette and 2 slices of crusty bread. |
| Dinner | Vegetable stew with veal. | Viscous pearl barley soup with milk. Steamed veal dumplings. |
| Snack | Cottage cheese with added milk. | Fruits poached with milk. |
| Dinner | Salad of fresh pumpkin, carrots and peas. | Stewed broccoli with mushrooms. |
Fourth day |
||
| Breakfast | Burger made with whole grain bread, low-fat cheese and tomato. | Soft-boiled egg. Glass of milk. |
| 2 breakfast | Steamed vegetables with hummus. | Fruits and berries, blended with kefir. |
| Dinner | Vegetable soup with celery and green peas. Chopped chicken cutlet with spinach. | Vegetarian cabbage soup. Barley porridge under a fish coat. |
| Snack | Pears stuffed with raw almonds. | Squash caviar. |
| Dinner | Salad with salmon, pepper and natural yogurt. | Boiled chicken breast with eggplant and celery goulash. |
Fifth day |
||
| Breakfast | Steamed fresh plum puree with cinnamon and stevia. Weak coffee and soy bread. | Sprouted grains with natural yogurt and bread. Coffee. |
| 2 breakfast | Salad with boiled egg and natural squash caviar. | Berry jelly. |
| Dinner | Cauliflower and broccoli soup. Beef steak with arugula and tomatoes. | Mushroom broth with vegetables. Meatballs with stewed zucchini. |
| Snack | Low-fat cottage cheese with berry sauce. | A glass of green tea. One apple. |
| Dinner | Steamed green beans and fish balls in green natural sauce. | Salad with tomato, herbs and cottage cheese. |
Sixth day |
||
| Breakfast | Low-fat cheese and 2 slices of whole grain bread. Orange fresh. | Rice bran with milk and berries. |
| 2 breakfast | Raw beet salad, mustard oil and walnut. | Fruit salad with nuts. Diet breads. |
| Dinner | Pike perch soup with wild rice. Baked avocado with cottage cheese cream. | Soup with beef meatballs and sorrel. |
| Snack | Fresh berries whipped with low-fat milk. | Zrazy from carrots and cottage cheese, vegetable juice. |
| Dinner | Baked red onion with quail egg omelette. | Steamed fish with cucumber, pepper and tomato salad. |
Seventh day |
||
| Breakfast | Curd and carrot soufflé, weak tea. | Cottage cheese casserole. Berry fresh. |
| 2 breakfast | Warm salad of fresh celery root, pear and kohlrabi. | Bran bread burger with soaked herring and lettuce. |
| Dinner | Cold spinach soup. Rabbit fillet stewed with Brussels sprouts. | Bean soup with second meat broth. Steamed mushroom cutlet. |
| Snack | Layered fruit dessert with mascarpone. | A glass of kefir. |
| Dinner | Baked cod with green salad. | Pike perch fillet with fresh vegetables. |
Sweeteners
This issue remains controversial, since diabetic patients do not experience an urgent need for them, but use them only to satisfy their taste preferences and habits of sweetening food and drinks. Artificial and natural substitutes In principle, there is no sugar with 100% proven safety. The main requirement for them is no increase in blood sugar or a slight increase in the indicator.
Currently, with strict blood sugar control, 50% fructose, stevia and honey can be used as sweeteners.
Stevia
Stevia – Leaf Supplement perennial plant Stevia, a sugar substitute that contains no calories. The plant synthesizes sweet glycosides, such as stevioside, a substance that gives leaves and stems a sweet taste, 20 times sweeter than regular sugar. Can be added to prepared dishes or used in cooking. It is believed that stevia helps restore the pancreas and helps produce own insulin without affecting blood sugar.
Officially approved as a sweetener by WHO experts in 2004. Daily norm– up to 2.4 mg/kg (no more than 1 tablespoon per day). If the supplement is abused, it may develop toxic effects And allergic reactions. Available in powder form liquid extracts and concentrated syrups.
Fructose
Fructose 50%. Fructose does not require insulin to metabolize, so it is safe in this regard. It has 2 times less calories and 1.5 times more sweetness compared to regular sugar. Has a low GI (19) and does not cause fast growth blood sugar
The consumption rate is no more than 30-40 grams. per day. When consuming more than 50 g. fructose per day decreases the liver's sensitivity to insulin. Available in powder and tablet form.
Honey
Natural Bee Honey. Contains glucose, fructose and a small proportion of sucrose (1-6%). Insulin is needed to metabolize sucrose, but the content of this sugar in honey is insignificant, and therefore the burden on the body is small.
Rich in vitamins and biologically active substances, increases immunity. With all this, it is high-calorie carbohydrate product with a high GI (about 85). For mild diabetes, 1-2 teaspoons of honey with tea per day is acceptable, after meals, slowly dissolving, but not adding to a hot drink.
Supplements such as aspartame, xylitol, suclamate and saccharin are currently not recommended by endocrinologists due to side effects and other risks.
It should be understood that the rate of absorption of carbohydrates, as well as the sugar content in foods, may vary from the average calculated values. Therefore, it is important to monitor blood glucose before meals and 2 hours after meals, food diary and thus find foods that cause individual spikes in blood sugar. To calculate the GI of ready-made dishes, it is more convenient to use a special calculator, since the cooking technique and various additives can significantly increase First level GI of starting products.
Diabetes mellitus is very common endocrine disease. 90% of all patients suffer from type 2 diabetes.
This type is characterized high content as a result of incorrect carbohydrate metabolism.
Type 2 diabetes mainly affects obese people over 45 years of age. Unlike type 1 diabetes, when insulin is not produced, in type 2, insulin is produced, but the body's sensitivity to it is reduced and it becomes inactive.
The causes of diabetes mellitus are not fully understood. It develops slowly and asymptomatically. Often the disease is detected during medical examinations or during the treatment of other diseases. Signs such as: extreme thirst, frequent and excessive urination, dry mouth, itchy skin, fast fatiguability, constant feeling hunger, furunculosis.
Diabetes mellitus of any type is incurable, but you can live long and happily with it if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations. The main role in maintaining the quality of life in type 2 diabetes is played by proper nutrition. The diet will help normalize blood glucose levels even without medications.
Since carbohydrate metabolism is impaired in this disease, the main task is to restore it. This can be achieved if they enter the body evenly. Only proper nutrition can be kept under the patient’s control; it is compiled by an endocrinologist, taking into account age, weight, gender, and lifestyle.
First of all, you need to remember the basic principles of nutrition for diabetes.
It is recommended to eat frequently - up to six times a day. Follow the diet strictly according to the clock. Half of the fats we eat are fats plant origin. You need to include vegetables in your diet every day. All nutrients must be present every day.
A diet for type 2 diabetes must necessarily contain low-fat dairy products, milk, and dishes made from it.
It is necessary to completely exclude from the diet: sweets, chocolate, sugar, ice cream, jam, preserves, cakes, pastries and other sweets. It is not recommended to eat figs, raisins, etc. It is necessary to limit or eliminate the use of mayonnaise, butter, bacon, sausages, sausages, margarine, fatty meat and fish, cream, fatty cottage cheese and cheese, seeds, nuts, offal, fried, spicy, smoked, salted.
People with type 2 diabetes tend to be obese, so their diet should focus on weight loss. Great importance The diet of such patients includes calorie counting.
People suffering from type 2 diabetes with normal weight require from 1600 to 2000 kcal per day, depending on lifestyle and height. Full people need less high-calorie food- per kilogram of weight requires from 10 to 20 kcal.
Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are consumed in the following proportions: 20% protein, 30% fat, 50% carbohydrates. All vegetables except potatoes can be eaten without restrictions.
The diet for type 2 diabetes may include lean meat, black bread (about 200 grams). Cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, beets, turnips, greens - without restrictions. But carrots and potatoes - in small quantities. Berries and fruits should be chosen sweet, sour and sour (about 300 grams). It is recommended to drink green and black tea, milk, tomato juice, weak coffee, chicory drinks, juice from sour berries and fruits.
Such patients should give up alcohol because alcoholic drinks are high-calorie product.
The diet for type 2 diabetes should be designed so that the food is varied. It is necessary to organize dairy, fish, vegetable, and meat days.
Thus, with this disease, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the diet and consume the Diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus must be maintained throughout life. Proper nutrition is the key to a normal, fulfilling life.
