Obstetric physiological department what. Department of obstetric pathology of pregnancy

Many parents of newborn babies are concerned about issues related to the use of magnesium. Doctors often prescribe it for very young children. Why is it needed, how to use it, and most importantly, will magnesia harm the baby?

What is magnesia?

Epsom salts, magnesia, magnesium sulfate are all names of a medicinal product whose main element is magnesium (Mg). It is used in almost all branches of medicine (gastroenterology, neurology, gynecology), including in children from the neonatal period.

Why is magnesium important? Its role for the development of the body and ensuring the main processes of its functioning cannot be overestimated. All body cells, bones, teeth, blood include magnesium. The adult human body contains about 30g. This item affects the formation of bone tissue and the transmission of muscle impulses.

A deficiency of a microelement in a mother causes a deficiency in the child. To prevent the development of unhealthy conditions, mothers are prescribed special vitamin preparations for nursing.

A baby up to 6 months needs 40 mg of magnesium per day, up to 1 year 60 mg, up to 3 years 80 mg. An infant up to 12 months receives magnesium in breast milk, 100 g of which contains 4 mg of the microelement. Up to six months of age, when breastfeeding, a child receives 25-40 mg of magnesium per day. Thus, the needs of the baby in the element are fully satisfied.

Children who do not use breast milk, get required amount magnesium with mixtures. When introducing complementary foods, the baby receives magnesium from foods -,. The absorption of the element is hampered by illness and stress.

Manifestations of magnesium deficiency

Microelement deficiency in a newborn is determined by the presence of:

• muscle pain, cramps;
• fatigue;
• tics, winces, tremors (chin trembling), eyelid twitching;
• headaches;
• decreased attention, memory;
• constipation, colic;
• rapid heartbeat;
• high blood pressure;
• weather sensitivity.

Neurological consequences of microelement deficiency:

• the appearance of phobias (fears);
• hyperexcitability, emotional lability;
• tearfulness, moodiness, irritability, increased emotionality;
• nightmares, bad dream, difficulty falling asleep;
• hyperacusis is the inability to tolerate sounds of a certain frequency.

Uses of magnesia

For the treatment of various painful conditions Magnesium is widely used in newborns. The benefits of the drug as an antispasmodic, analgesic, vasodilator. It has an anticonvulsant, laxative, moderate diuretic, sedative, and antiarrhythmic effect.

Pediatric neurologists prescribe magnesium sulfate as a drug that has the ability to reduce intracranial and arterial pressure, calm down. Indications for use are:

• epilepsy;
• increased sweating,
• nervous excitability;
• treatment of wounds,
• infiltrates;
• ventricular arrhythmias;
• constipation.

Epsom salts are available in ampoules with a 25% solution, or in the form of powders for making suspensions. There is a release form - briquettes, balls.

The solution is used:

• for compresses,
• lotions,
• electrophoresis,
• local action on wounds,
• medicinal baths.

The manifestation of the properties of the drug depends on the method of its administration into the body: intravenously, intramuscularly or orally in the form of mixtures, suspensions.

A doctor must prescribe treatment - an overdose of medication can be harmful to health. Magnesium sulfate solutions have a number of side effects and contraindications. For infants, excessive doses of medication administered intramuscularly or by drip are more dangerous than for adults.

Injections

Intramuscular, drip magnesium is prescribed to children to reduce intracranial pressure, relief of severe asphyxia. To eliminate microelement deficiency and relieve arrhythmias, newborns need to receive the drug intravenously. The doctor selects the dose of the medicine individually, taking into account the baby’s weight. The administration is carried out once, repeated as necessary.

Magnesia injections are rarely prescribed to a newborn, as they cause painful sensations. In infants, it is used intramuscularly for administration. ready solution 25% in ampoules. After the injection, the medicine begins to act after an hour and lasts for 3-4 hours. Magnesium is injected intramuscularly to relieve seizures, for which a dose of up to 40 mg/kg is used.

Droppers

For intravenous drip administration V medical institution the drug is diluted. Its excessively rapid administration in undiluted form causes complications. Drip administration is sometimes accompanied by a slight burning sensation along the veins. After the end of the infusion, pulse and blood pressure are monitored. Systemic effects When administered intravenously, they appear instantly, the effect lasts 30 minutes.

A solution of magnesium is used for jaundice in newborns, for which droppers are placed. At high rates bilirubin magnesium sulfate gives a choleretic effect.

Compresses

Epsom salt is used to apply compresses and lotions. Often, after birth, babies develop inflammatory processes mammary glands. Mastitis is treated with magnesium-based compresses.

Magnesia compress for newborns, lotions with Epsom salts have a beneficial effect on seals formed after injections, vaccinations, and facilitate the resorption of bruises. Magnesia solution helps improve blood flow in the skin structures, provides pain relief, and a resorption effect.

It’s easy to prepare a magnesium compress:

1. Warm the contents of the ampoule (10 ml) to 38 degrees.
2. Moisten a small gauze cloth swab with a warm solution, squeeze it out, and place it on the surface of the cones.
3. Create additional warmth by covering the top of the fabric with plastic wrap.
4. Place a layer of cotton wool on top of the film for insulation.
5. Secure the lotion with adhesive tape. To avoid damaging the newborn's thin skin, it is preferable to use a clean, sterile bandage for fixation.
6. Change lotions every 3 hours as they dry.

A compress of magnesium is used for a thickened navel during the healing period. You should know that the lotion helps resolve the infiltrate, but in case of an abscess, surgical intervention will be required.

By adding dimexide (garlic extract), water, dexamethasone, aminophylline to magnesia, compresses are made on chest when coughing.

Oral medications for hyperactivity

Signs of hyperactivity are found in children early age. Such children try to free themselves from the swaddles, find it difficult to calm down, and protest when they are swaddled or dressed tightly. During the first year of life, babies have difficulty falling asleep, cry loudly, are easily excited, and sleep poorly. Hyperactivity can lead to increased muscle tone.

One of the causes of hyperactivity neurological disorders- magnesium deficiency. Its deficiency contributes to impulsiveness and uncontrollable behavioral disorders under stress. A pediatric neurologist must make the diagnosis.

Why use potions with magnesia and citral? To reduce intracranial pressure, correct the restless behavior of infants. The medicine relieves vascular spasm, improves fluid outflow, and helps stabilize the body. The mixture is prescribed to infants who have congenital anomalies brain, with complex neurological pathologies. Not prescribed for children with individual intolerance components, dysbacteriosis.

Take ½ teaspoon 2 times a day for a month. Due to the fact that the mixture contains glucose, children drink it with pleasure; doctors do not recommend mixing it with milk.

Popular with parents of infants homeopathic medicine Magnesia phosphorica from soda phosphate and magnesium sulfate. Used to relieve colic, high blood pressure, headaches. When teething in infants, phosphorica helps cope with whims, pain, and fever.

Conclusion

Lack of magnesium adversely affects the condition of newborns. Will help overcome the consequences of shortages special drugs. Remember that magnesia is a serious medicine and is used strictly as prescribed by your pediatrician. Do not self-medicate.

– the common name for a 25% solution of the active substance – magnesium sulfate. This drug is widely used in medicine.

Most often through a syringe intravenously, less often - intramuscularly. The most famous is the hypotonic effect of the injective form of magnesium solution.

In addition, Magnesia intravenously has other indications for use, since its effect on the body is quite diverse. In addition to reducing blood pressure, the product is used to speed up the process of excreting feces and urine, removing various toxins and poisons from the body.

The solution also stimulates the functioning of the gallbladder, has sedative effect on the nervous system, which makes it possible to use it for nervous overexcitation and as an anticonvulsant. What is the mechanism of action of the active substance of the drug on the body?

The composition of the Magnesia solution administered intravenously to patients is very simple. It includes 25% magnesium sulfate, the rest of the injectable dose is water. The active substance does not require the introduction of any other drugs into the composition of the drug. aids. The degree and type of effect on the body is determined by the method of administration and the dose of the drug received by the patient.

Powder for preparing solution

The medicinal effect is based on the ability of calcium antagonists, which include magnesium sulfate, to block slow calcium channels. As a result of a decrease in the amount of calcium ions in the cells of the heart muscle and in the muscles of the walls of blood vessels, the arteries dilate.

Magnesium sulfate, in addition, also reduces the amount of neurotransmitters in nervous system, inhibiting its activity, due to this it has a calming effect. The product reduces the activity of cardiomyocytes, restoring ionic balance in cells and normalizing throughput cell membranes, which has a positive effect on heart rate.

This drug is a fairly mild diuretic and also reduces the ability of platelets to aggregate, which leads to a reduced risk of developing blood clots.

But, nevertheless, magnesia is most often used as a means that can effectively reduce too high blood pressure. For these purposes, magnesium is administered intravenously, in the form of a dropper, or intramuscularly, in the form of an injection.

Magnesium solution from pressure

This remedy does not belong to the group of drugs that are taken regularly. Due to enough active action, the form of administration of the drug and the presence of contraindications and side effects, a solution of magnesium salt is used only when it is necessary to quickly relieve high blood pressure.

The solution is mainly used for hypertensive crisis when there is a real danger of a stroke or heart attack due to a significant increase in the patient’s blood pressure.

Solution for intravenous administration Magnesium sulfate

Use intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 25% solution. The effect of the drug varies in intensity and duration depending on the application. When administered intravenously, the effect begins very quickly, is highly intense, but lasts no more than half an hour, since the substance is quickly washed out of the body.

Intramuscular administration is characterized by a delayed onset of action of 40-60 minutes and a milder effect. At the same time, the period of action of the solution administered intramuscularly is three to four hours. The doctor decides which type of medication to choose depending on the patient’s condition.

Most often, the drip method of administration is chosen, which takes longer, but is also easier to implement.

The fact is that intramuscular administration of magnesium is sufficient painful procedure. The drug causes strong burning sensation, as well as local subcutaneous hardening at the injection site, so the administration of magnesium sulfate in the form of an injection is considered an outdated method.

However, a ban on the use of such a remedy or recommendations on its avoidance in medical literature No.

The administration of Magnesia solution is a procedure that can only be performed by a physician.

Intramuscular administration

The main disadvantage of the method is the acute pain experienced by the patient when the drug is administered.

This forces the use of Novocaine solution together with Magnesia. There are two methods of injections.

The first method is to introduce two medicines together.

In this case, the effect of the painkiller and the burning sensation from taking Magnesia begin simultaneously, which allows for a slight reduction in pain.

The second method involves sequential administration of the drug. First, Novocain is injected, and then a solution of Magnesia is injected into the anesthetized area. This method has reduced painful sensations during administration of the drug, but the burning sensation intensifies over time as Magnesia spreads throughout the muscle. However, the most common is still intravenous route reception.

Intramuscular injections of the drug may cause difficulty breathing.

Magnesia intravenously

Magnesia under pressure is administered intravenously in the form of droppers or as an injection. Droppers are used to reduce high blood pressure, injections are a last resort in case of hypertensive crisis.

Treatment with infusion of Magnesia solution implies frequency of administration and a relative duration of the course, while administration by syringe is a procedure whose repetition over a short period of time is undesirable.

For droppers, the product is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Sometimes the liquid for infusion is also prepared by mixing the drug with a 5% glucose solution. The fluid supply rate is set at 150 mg/min, the procedure time is approximately an hour.

During the drip administration, the patient’s well-being is constantly monitored and blood pressure is measured. Increased attention addresses to respiratory function. If there is difficulty breathing, the dropper is immediately removed. This treatment is carried out once a day. The course of treatment is up to five to seven days maximum.

Magnesium is administered intravenously for blood pressure no more than once a day. If there is a critical need, repeated intravenous injection within six hours after the first. The drug is administered very slowly; rapid injection of a magnesium sulfate solution is fraught with pronounced side effects.

Most dangerous effects hypermagnesemia with rapid intravenous administration are:

• hypoventilation of the lungs;
• decreased reflexes;
• CNS depression;
• severe nausea.

Maximum daily dose of the drug when administered intravenously should not exceed seventy-two milliliters. The maximum course of droppers is 10 days. At the same time, courses intravenous injections syringe is not usually practiced.

Any deterioration in condition after taking intravenous magnesium is a reason for urgent appeal to the doctor.

Side effects and contraindications

The drug, with all the advantages of its use as an antihypertensive drug, has many side effects. There is also a relatively large list of contraindications that make the use of Magnesia solution an event dangerous to health and life.

Magnesia cannot be used if the patient has low blood pressure - it is life-threatening.

But even with high blood pressure, magnesium into a vein is contraindicated if the patient’s body is dehydrated or has difficulty respiratory process. Internal bleeding, renal failure, intestinal obstruction are also contraindications for the use of this drug.

Magnesia is not prescribed at the beginning of pregnancy and before childbirth, during breastfeeding. It is also undesirable to use the medicine if the patient suffers cholelithiasis, appendicitis or during an exacerbation chronic diseases.

Possible side effects- violation sinus rhythm, double vision, headache.

Weakness, vomiting, speech disorders and other symptoms characteristic of a person with a depressed central nervous system are also possible.

Often taking the drug causes an instant rush of blood to the skin of the face, which frightens many patients. However, this is the most harmless side effect of the medicine, and you should not be afraid of it.

Formation of infiltrates from the use of magnesia – common occurrence, responds well to treatment.

Interaction with other drugs

Magnesia into a vein enhances the effect. This must be remembered and be sure to inform your doctor if you are taking any drugs that depress the nervous system.

Magnesia should not be taken together with sleeping pills, anticonvulsants, drugs used to relieve the manifestations of Parkinson's disease.

Barbiturates, antihypertensive drugs And narcotic analgesics together with magnesium can cause significant respiratory depression. Concomitant use These drugs are deadly. In addition, muscle relaxants enhance the neuroblocking properties of magnesium, so their combined use is also unacceptable.

Of course, Magnesia also does not combine well with calcium supplements. If there is a need for their simultaneous use, they practice injecting drugs into different veins.

The medicine is incompatible with alcohol. Large doses alcohol in combination with magnesium sulfate can cause central nervous system paralysis.

Video on the topic

You can find out what other injections are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure from the video:

In general, drugs that are the main active substance of which magnesium sulfate is effective means for hypertension. Magnesia at high blood pressure intravenously allows you to effectively and quickly stop an attack of hypertension. However, the rather harsh action, abundance of contraindications and poor compatibility with many drugs limit such therapy. Intravenous administration of the drug by injection is especially limited. This method is indicated only for hypertensive crisis, when there is a real threat to the patient’s life.

Magnesium sulfate, better known as magnesia, is often used during pregnancy. This is enough effective drug to prevent miscarriages caused by uterine hypertonicity. It is also able to reduce elevated blood pressure, swelling and reduce thrombosis. But this is far from the entire list of the drug’s capabilities.

Detailed instructions for using the drug

Composition and pharmacological action. The drug consists of one active substance– magnesium salt of sulfuric acid.

Based on the method of application of the drug, it has different impact on the body:

• when taking magnesium sulfate powder orally– it has a choleretic and laxative effect;
• with intravenous or intramuscular injection magnesia solution (in ampoules)– antispasmodic, vasodilator, anticonvulsant, diuretic and sedative effect. In addition, the drug is able to reduce high blood pressure, increase uteroplacental blood flow, and relax overly excited muscle tissue uterus.

Intravenous administration of magnesium can achieve an immediate effect. The duration of action of the drug when administered intravenously is 30 minutes.

It must be taken into account that rapid administration of a magnesium solution is unacceptable!

At intramuscular injection the drug must be administered slowly.

When administering the drug into a vein using a dropper, magnesium sulfate is first diluted with a solution of sodium chloride or glucose, and only after that the prepared mixture is administered at a rate of 1 ml per minute.

The solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration must be warm, i.e. You must first warm each ampoule in your palms.

When a magnesium solution is administered intramuscularly, the drug begins to act an hour after the injection, and the duration of its action reaches approximately 3–4 hours.

Directions for use and dosage. For intramuscular and intravenous administration, a 20–25% solution of magnesium sulfate is used. Maximum dose– no more than 40 g per day (dry powder).

When taken orally, the maximum dosage is 30 g per day. To achieve a laxative effect, it is permissible to use a magnesium solution:

1) orally (dilute 10-30 g of powder in half a glass of water to form a suspension, and drink it on an empty stomach or before bedtime);

2) in the form of enemas (dissolving 10 g of dry powder in 500 ml of warm boiled water).

Exceeding the maximum dosage is unacceptable! This can lead to malfunction of the mother’s brain and also cause depression respiratory center in the fetus.

Indications and contraindications. Having wide range effects, magnesium is prescribed orally for:

• constipation;
• cholecystitis, as well as hypotonic dyskinesia biliary tract.

IV or IM administration of the drug is prescribed for:

• ventricular arrhythmia, arterial hypertension;
• gestosis, accompanied by convulsions;
• threat premature birth;
• increased nervous excitability;
• magnesium deficiency;
• therapy premature detachment placenta;
• eclampsia, pre-eclampsia;
• epilepsy, encephalopathy;
• swelling and urinary retention.

Like any other medicine, magnesia has a number of contraindications:

• hypotension, bradycardia, others serious violations heart function;
• rectal bleeding and intestinal obstruction;
• severe renal failure;
• respiratory diseases;
• prenatal period (you cannot inject the drug 2 or less hours before birth);
• hypermagnesemia.

Side effects and overdose. Mostly side effects are observed only if there is large quantity magnesium in the blood.

In case of overdose, the following symptoms may appear:

• vomiting, nausea;
• diarrhea;
• flatulence;
• confusion;
• dizziness and increased fatigue;
• thirst and dehydration;
• in severe cases, difficulty breathing, cardiac arrest.

In case of overdose of magnesium sulfate, calcium preparations are prescribed as an antidote.

Why is magnesium prescribed during pregnancy?

In most cases, expectant mothers are prescribed magnesium sulfate to reduce increased tone uterus. The drug relaxes smooth muscles, thereby helping to reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage (in the 1st and 2nd trimester) and premature birth (in the 3rd trimester). Also, pregnant women with hypertension are prescribed magnesium as injections for blood pressure.

If there is a threat of miscarriage or the possibility of placental abruption, magnesium solution is prescribed even for early stages pregnancy. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital. A week-long course of IVs is usually enough to normalize the tone of the uterus and prevent spontaneous abortion.

On later magnesia is prescribed for the treatment of gestosis. The drug can prevent the development cerebral palsy and also reduce the risk intracranial hemorrhages in the fetus.

What does a pregnant woman need to know about magnesia?

1. Pregnant women should be aware that despite the pain of magnesium solution injections, they benefit the mother herself and her unborn baby.

2. Expectant mothers should not be afraid of flushes of blood to the face and heavy sweating during intravenous drug administration. A slight burning sensation or feeling of heat in a vein is acceptable with this method of administering magnesia, but strong pain– this is already a cause for concern.

3. A pregnant woman should independently check that after administering a magnesium solution, they do not forget to measure her blood pressure in order to avoid it sharp decline and preventing subsequent fainting.

Mild dizziness and weakness after administration of magnesium should subside within a few minutes. If darkening of the eyes, excessive weakness and nausea occur, you should inform your doctor.

4. Latest Research American scientists say that long-term continuous courses of magnesia during pregnancy are unsafe.

Magnesium is a calcium antagonist, and long-term use magnesium helps to wash out calcium from the bones of the fetus. The course should not last more than 7 days in a row. If necessary, treatment with magnesium is resumed after a break.

5. Also, pregnant women should be informed about the inadmissibility of using magnesia simultaneously with calcium supplements and dietary supplements.

6. Taking magnesium sulfate orally can lead to diarrhea and dehydration, without having any effect on the tone of the uterus and the degree of magnesium deficiency in the blood. Only a dropper of magnesium solution can save a child’s life, so if there is a threat of miscarriage, you should not self-medicate!

Magnesia is a drug based on magnesium sulfate, which has an analgesic, vasodilator, tocolytic and sedative effect. Magnesia (instructions for use) provides for use in various dosage forms: in the form of powder, tablets, solution for injection, vitamin supplements. Therapeutic effect magnesia is determined by the amount of active substance included in the drug.

Dosage forms of the drug

Magnesium sulfate (release form) is presented in the following versions:

Despite the general availability of the drug in pharmacy chain To prescribe Magnesia, the indications must be determined by a doctor: therapist, gynecologist or endocrinologist.

It is the doctor who determines what the remedy helps with and whether it can be prescribed in a particular case. How to take the drug is described in the instructions, but in most cases the doctor develops individual scheme intake, adjusting it throughout the course of therapy.

Indications for prescribing the drug

Magnesia is prescribed in the following situations:

• cardiovascular diseases, including acute heart failure;
• prevention of circulatory disorders in the genitourinary organs;
• diseases of the digestive system (gastritis, gastroenterocolitis, duodenitis, intestinal dysbiosis);
• enzyme deficiency;
• cholelithiasis;
• bile duct dyskinesia, prevention of bile stagnation;
• weak intestinal motility, chronic constipation;
• menstrual irregularities (painful, prolonged periods);
• for muscle tone to suppress contractility myometrium;
• as a vasodilator to increase blood flow in the uterus;
• gestosis;
• preeclampsia, eclampsia;
• urinary disorders;
• obesity;
• increased blood pressure;
• crisis conditions with cerebral edema;
• psycho-emotional instability;
• avitaminosis;
• poisoning chemical compounds, heavy metals;
• prevention of osteoporosis, demineralization of teeth;
• when probing the gallbladder;
• before diagnostic study intestines or to get rid of toxins;
• recovery period after past diseases or injuries received.

Magnesia as physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures using Magnesia are part of complex therapy. They are carried out as in health institutions, and at home:

Contraindications

Like any medicine, Magnesia has contraindications for use:

• suspended magnesium content in the blood;
• severe renal failure;
• acute diseases of the digestive system;
• acute inflammatory processes in the intestines, rectal bleeding;
• Start labor activity;
• tuberculosis in the active stage;
• dehydration, exhaustion of the body;
• oncological diseases;
• epilepsy;
• suspicion of appendicitis;
• increased body temperature;
• individual hypersensitivity of the body to an active substance.

The use of Magnesia may provoke the appearance unpleasant symptoms as:

1. pain in the epigastric region;
2. symptoms of dyspepsia (bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea);
3. sensations of thirst after using the drug;
4. disturbances in the rhythm of heart contractions;
5. hyperhidrosis;
6. hypotension;
7. migraines, dizziness when changing body position;
8. pain and burning after administration of the drug;
9. the appearance of pain and infiltration at the site of drug administration;
10. possible allergic reactions in the form of rashes on the body.

The listed symptoms occur more often with an overdose of Magnesia. After stopping the drug or reducing the prescribed dose, they go away on their own. Otherwise, calcium supplements are prescribed as an antidote. During the treatment period, you must adhere to a diet. The emphasis is on eating low-fat foods, boiled or baked vegetables, and easily digestible cereals.

The simultaneous use of Magnesia with antibiotics reduces their effectiveness (tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides). Magnesia reduces the effectiveness of anticoagulants, glycosides, salicylates, carbonates, and phosphates. With the parenteral route of administration, you need to take a break of 2-3 hours after taking the listed medications to give an injection or drip of Magnesia.

Magnesia during pregnancy and lactation

Pregnant and lactating women should be especially careful when using Magnesia due to its rapid penetration into systemic blood flow and through the placental barrier. A doctor prescribes a medicine when the benefits of its use outweigh the likely risks. Magnesia is included in complex treatment in order to prevent spontaneous abortion.

Magnesium injections are given during pregnancy to relieve uterine hypertonicity. The procedures are carried out in a hospital setting under supervision qualified specialist. Precautions are due to possible side effects on the mother's body (hypotension) and developing fetus(depression of respiratory function).

An absolute contraindication to the use of the drug is the onset of labor (2 hours before the onset of labor), with the exception of cases of convulsions during eclampsia.

Magnesia during pregnancy is indicated as a diuretic to relieve swelling in the last trimester. The drug is administered slowly intravenously, monitoring the dynamics: heartbeat, pressure, tendon reflexes, general well-being.

Magnesium passes into breast milk, so natural feeding discontinued until the end of the course of therapy.

A detailed description of magnesium sulfate in the instructions provokes self-medication at home. Irrational use medicine causes side effects and complications of existing chronic diseases. A competent approach to treatment increases the chances of a speedy recovery.