And products with a diuretic effect. Safe Diuretic Fruits and Herbs

Diuretics, or diuretics, are heterogeneous in chemical composition group of drugs. All of them cause a temporary increase in the excretion of water from the body and minerals(mainly sodium ions) through the kidneys. We bring to the reader's attention a list of diuretic drugs most commonly used in modern medicine, their classification and characteristics.

Diuretics are classified depending on their “point of application” in the nephron. A nephron in a simplified form consists of a glomerulus, a proximal tubule, a loop of Henle and a distal tubule. In the nephron glomerulus, water and metabolic products are released from the blood. In the proximal tubule, all protein released from the blood is reabsorbed. The resulting fluid passes through the proximal tubule into the loop of Henle, where water and ions, in particular sodium, are reabsorbed. In the distal tubule, the reabsorption of water and electrolytes is completed, and hydrogen ions are released. The distal tubules unite into collecting ducts, through which the resulting urine is discharged into the pelvis.
Depending on the site of action, diuretics are classified as the following groups drugs:

1. Acting in glomerular capillaries (aminophylline, cardiac glycosides).

2. Acting in the proximal tubule:

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (diacarb);
osmotic diuretics (mannitol, urea).

3. Acting in the loop of Henle:

throughout: loop diuretics (furosemide);
in the cortical segment: thiazide and thiazide-like (hypothiazide, indapamide).

4. Acting in the proximal tubule and ascending department loops of Henle: uricosuric (indacrinone).

5. Acting in the distal tubule: potassium-sparing:

competitive aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone, veroshpirone);
non-competitive aldosterone antagonists (triamterene, amiloride).

6. Acting in the collecting ducts: aquaretics (demeclocycline).

Characteristic

Diuretics acting at the glomerular level

Eufillin dilates renal vessels and increases blood flow in the kidney tissues. As a result, glomerular filtration and diuresis increase. These drugs are most often used to enhance the effectiveness of other diuretics.

Potassium-sparing drugs

These drugs slightly increase diuresis and urinary sodium excretion. Their hallmark is the ability to retain potassium, thereby preventing the development of hypokalemia.

The main drug from this group is spironolactone (veroshpiron). It is prescribed for the prevention and treatment of potassium deficiency that occurs when using other diuretics. Spironolactone can be combined with any other diuretic drugs. It is used for hyperaldosteronism and severe arterial hypertension. The use of spironolactone is especially justified in the treatment of chronic heart failure.

Side effects include drowsiness, disturbances menstrual cycle. This drug has antiandrogenic activity and can cause enlargement of the mammary glands in men (gynecomastia).
Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in serious illnesses kidney, hyperkalemia, urolithiasis, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Aquaretics

Medicines in this group increase the secretion of water. These drugs counteract antidiuretic hormone. They are used for liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and psychogenic polydipsia. The main representative is demeclocycline. Side effects include photosensitivity, fever, nail changes, and eosinophilia. The medication may cause damage renal tissue with a decrease glomerular filtration.

The group of aquaretics includes lithium salts and vasopressin antagonists.

Side effects

Diuretics remove water and salts from the body, changing their balance in the body. They cause the loss of hydrogen, chlorine, and bicarbonate ions, leading to acid-base balance disturbances. Metabolism changes. Diuretics can also cause damage to internal organs.

Disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism

In case of overdose of thiazide and loop diuretics, extracellular dehydration may develop. To correct it, it is necessary to cancel diuretics, prescribe water and saline solutions inside.
A decrease in sodium content in the blood (hyponatremia) develops when using diuretics and simultaneously following a restricted diet. table salt. Clinically, it manifests itself as weakness, drowsiness, apathy, and decreased diuresis. For treatment, solutions of sodium chloride and soda are used.

A decrease in potassium concentration in the blood (hypokalemia) is accompanied by muscle weakness up to paralysis, nausea and vomiting. This condition occurs primarily with an overdose of loop diuretics. For correction, a diet with increased content potassium, potassium preparations orally or intravenously. This popular remedy, like panangin, is not able to restore potassium deficiency due to low content microelement.

An increased level of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) is observed quite rarely, mainly with an overdose of potassium-sparing drugs. It manifests itself as weakness, paresthesia, slowing of the pulse, and the development of intracardiac blockades. Treatment consists of administration of sodium chloride and discontinuation of potassium-sparing medications.

Reduced magnesium levels in the blood (hypomagnesemia) can be a complication of therapy with thiazide, osmotic and loop diuretics. It is accompanied by convulsions, nausea and vomiting, bronchospasm, and heart rhythm disturbances. Characteristic changes nervous system: lethargy, disorientation, hallucinations. This condition occurs more often in older people who abuse alcohol. It is treated by prescribing panangin, potassium-sparing diuretics, and magnesium supplements.

A reduced concentration of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia) develops with the use of loop diuretics. It is accompanied by paresthesia of the hands, nose, convulsions, spasm of the bronchi and esophagus. For correction, a diet is prescribed, rich in calcium, and preparations containing this microelement.

Acid-base imbalance

Metabolic alkalosis is accompanied by “alkalization” internal environment body, occurs with an overdose of thiazide and loop diuretics. It is accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting, convulsions, and impaired consciousness. For treatment, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride are used intravenously.

Metabolic acidosis is an “acidification” of the internal environment of the body; it develops when taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, potassium-sparing agents, and osmotic diuretics. With significant acidosis, deep and noisy breathing, vomiting, lethargy. To treat this condition, diuretics are discontinued and sodium bicarbonate is prescribed.

Exchange disorders

Impaired protein metabolism is associated with potassium deficiency, leading to an imbalance in nitrogen balance. It develops most often in children and the elderly with low protein content in the diet. To correct this condition, it is necessary to enrich the diet with proteins and prescribe anabolic steroids.

When using thiazide and loop diuretics, the concentration of cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, and triglycerides in the blood increases. Therefore, when prescribing diuretics, lipids in the diet should be limited, and, if necessary, diuretics should be combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors).

Therapy with thiazide diuretics may cause an increase in blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia), especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or obesity. To prevent this condition, it is recommended to limit the diet of easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar), the use of ACE inhibitors and potassium supplements.

In persons with hypertension and impaired purine metabolism an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the blood is likely (hyperuricemia). The likelihood of such a complication is especially high when treated with loop and thiazide diuretics. For treatment, a diet with limited purines, allopurinol is prescribed, and diuretics are combined with ACE inhibitors.

When long-term use large doses Diuretics are likely to impair kidney function with the development of azotemia (increased concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood). In these cases, it is necessary to regularly monitor azotemia levels.

Allergic reactions

Intolerance to diuretics is rare. It is most typical for thiazide and loop diuretics, mainly in patients with an allergy to sulfonamides. An allergic reaction may occur skin rash, vasculitis, photosensitivity, fever, impaired liver and kidney function.

Therapy for an allergic reaction is carried out according to the usual scheme using antihistamines and prednisone.

Damage to organs and systems

The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be accompanied by dysfunction of the nervous system. Appear headache, insomnia, paresthesia, drowsiness.

At intravenous administration ethacrynic acid may be observed toxic damage hearing aid.

Almost all groups of diuretic drugs increase the risk of developing urolithiasis.

Functional dysfunction may occur gastrointestinal tract manifested by lack of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Thiazide and loop diuretics can provoke the development of acute cholecystopancreatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis.

Possible changes in the hematopoietic system: neutropenia, agranulocytosis, autoimmune intravascular hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy.

Spironolactone can cause gynecomastia in men and menstrual irregularities in women.
When large doses of diuretics are prescribed, the blood thickens, resulting in an increased risk of thromboembolic complications.

Interaction with other drugs

Diuretics are often used in combination with other medicines. As a result, the effectiveness of these medications varies and unwanted effects may occur.

The combined use of thiazide diuretics and cardiac glycosides increases the toxicity of the latter due to hypokalemia. Their simultaneous use with quinidine increases the risk of its toxicity. The combination of thiazide drugs with antihypertensives has an increased hypotensive effect. When they are prescribed simultaneously with glucocorticosteroids, the likelihood of hyperglycemia is high.

Furosemide increases the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides and increases the risk of developing glycoside intoxication. When loop diuretics are combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the diuretic effect is weakened.

Spironolactone helps increase the concentration of cardiac glycosides in the blood, enhances hypotensive effect antihypertensive drugs. With the simultaneous administration of this drug and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the diuretic effect is reduced.
Uregit causes increased toxicity of aminoglycosides and ceporin.

The combination of thiazide and loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors leads to an increased diuretic effect.

Principles of rational diuretic therapy

Diuretics should only be used when swelling occurs. For minor swelling, diuretics can be used plant origin(infusion of birch leaves, lingonberries, horsetail decoction, diuretic mixture), grape juice, apples and watermelons.

Treatment should begin with small doses of thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics. If necessary, potassium-sparing drugs and then loop agents are added to therapy. With increasing severity of edema syndrome, the number of combined diuretics and their dosages increases.

It is necessary to select the dosage so that diuresis per day does not exceed 2500 ml.
It is advisable to take thiazide, thiazide-like and potassium-sparing drugs in the morning on an empty stomach. Daily dosage Loop diuretics are usually given in two doses, for example at 8 am and 2 pm. Spironolactone can be taken 1 or 2 times a day, regardless of meals or time of day.
At the first stage of treatment, diuretics should be taken daily. Only with a persistent improvement in well-being, a decrease in shortness of breath and swelling, can you use them intermittently, only a few days a week.

Therapy for edema due to chronic heart failure must be supplemented, which significantly improves the effect of diuretics.

TV channel "Russia-1", program "About the Most Important Thing" on the topic "Diuretics"

The appearance of swelling on the legs and face is a sign of accumulation of salts, excess fluid and sugar in the body. Application medicines gives quick results, but often they active ingredients promote the excretion of vitamins and useful microelements. Diuretic products for edema help get rid of excess fluid without harm to the body. Some drinks and herbs have a diuretic effect. Before changing your diet, you should consult a specialist.

Benefits of replacing medications with diet

Natural products that have a diuretic effect have many advantages compared to pharmaceutical products:

lack of any side effects;
minimal calorie content, which allows you to consume healthy food regularly;
a large number of essential substances and vitamins that have a beneficial effect on the entire body.

Unlike artificial drugs, natural diuretics have a more gentle effect. They are gradually getting rid of excess fluid, improve the health and appearance of patients.

Diet for puffiness

Replenishment daily menu Diuretic products allow you to get rid of sugar, excess fluid and salt. Too salty and spicy dishes should be replaced with healthy foods. Vegetables and fruits cope well with swelling. The following of them have the most pronounced diuretic effect.

Pumpkin. It is used to prepare milk-based porridge or consumed boiled. If the vegetable is not sweet enough, honey is added.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage. From fresh products A salad is prepared, which is successfully complemented with herbs. The dish not only removes water, but also enriches the body with many microelements.
Carrots, apples. They are grated on a fine grater and seasoned vegetable oil or sour cream, this addition promotes the absorption of these products.
Melon watermelon. They have a diuretic effect in fresh and canned form.
Strawberry. This fragrant summer berry not only helps with swelling, but also relieves urolithiasis.
Chokeberry. People suffering from hypotension should consume berries with caution. Rowan can lower blood pressure.
Viburnum and raspberries. For storage, they are ground with sugar, which allows you to preserve all the vitamins and microelements.

Products Listed carefully relieve puffiness, remove toxins and serve as a source useful substances. Natural diuretics are highly effective, but they do not contain the necessary amino acids, so the menu should be supplemented with legumes, meat and mushrooms.

Beverages

For patients who suffer from swelling, it is indicated drinking plenty of fluids. It is recommended to drink teas fresh juices and infusions from medicinal herbs. An acceptable drink is considered mineral water(necessarily without gas). The following have the greatest diuretic effect:

Cranberry juice. Helps get rid of swelling and infections that affect genitourinary system. The drink cleanses the blood and protects the body from pathogenic viruses and bacteria.
Green tea. Rich in antioxidants, characterized by a diuretic effect.
Birch juice. Natural drink removes stones from Bladder, brings relief from headaches, bronchitis, rheumatism.
Apple vinegar. It is enough to add a small amount of this product to water. As a result, swelling disappears, and the condition of the whole body improves.
Water with added ginger or lemon juice. The drink activates the safe removal of excess fluid.
Dairy products. Kefir removes toxins. Yogurt is effective in combating edema and improves performance digestive system. To enhance the diuretic effect of milk, just add strawberry or raspberry juice to it.

Diuretic drinks should be consumed before lunch. Freshly squeezed juices are not only effective diuretics, but also help cleanse the body of harmful substances. Everyone can drink them, including people who are not susceptible to edema. Daily use Such drinks strengthen health, improve well-being and immunity.

Spices

Some spices and herbs work well against puffiness.

Ginger. Prevents stagnation of fluid in the body, eliminates toxins. This product is often used for the purpose of losing weight. IN medicinal purposes You should add fresh ginger juice to your food and drinks.
Coriander. Cleanses the body of harmful components, helps lower blood pressure.
Cumin, dill, celery, parsley, onion. Should be supplemented with greens vegetable salads, drink juices squeezed from these products.

Herbal infusions will also be useful for swelling. They are prepared from nettles, horsetail, chamomile, calendula, bearberry leaves, thyme and other plants.

Foods and drinks with diuretic properties help combat big amount diseases. Many of them improve the functioning of the kidneys, heart, and help get rid of excess weight and strengthen protective functions body. The products listed are excellent substitutes pharmaceutical drugs, however, if there is no improvement in the condition, you should urgently consult a specialist.

Many people prefer to turn to natural products when they need diuretics instead of taking pills. Natural diuretics will remove excess fluid from the body and help in the treatment of sciatica, kidney stones, and inflammation lymph nodes, liver disease, high blood pressure and premenstrual syndrome.

Natural products and herbs with diuretic effects should be used in moderate amount and carefully. If they are abused, the consequences can be serious; they threaten dehydration and potassium deficiency.

Application cases

Diuretics are prescribed for people suffering from dropsy, an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body, as well as for high blood pressure and heart disease. Therefore, some of the points listed in the article are also found in the article about. For symptoms premenstrual syndrome, including flatulence, women are often advised to take diuretics to remove accumulated fluid from the body.

Causes of fluid retention in the body

Salt and sugar can cause retention in the body significant amount fluid, which causes bloating and swelling. A large amount of protein in the diet also leads to fluid retention. When the body doesn't get enough amino acids or B vitamins, this can also cause the body to accumulate fluid it doesn't need.

Natural Diuretics

Natural diuretics are called natural products or herbs that stimulate the removal of fluid from the body through urine. Although in these cases natural or synthetic diuretics are quite effective, they also remove fluid along with very important vitamins and minerals. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to replenish their reserves in a timely manner.

1. Lemon juice you can simply add it to water and drink this tasty and healthy drink. It stimulates fluid excretion and helps treat infections. urinary tract and lowers blood pressure. 2. Green tea many centuries ago it was used in China precisely as a means of getting rid of swelling.

3. Oats considered one of the most healthy products, but few people know that it also has a diuretic effect. This is one of the many reasons why you should start your day with oatmeal, especially those who are on a diet. They will not have to worry about cholesterol levels or excess fluid in the body.

4. Cranberry juice, in addition to a quick diuretic effect, also acts as antibacterial agent, supports kidney health, treats urinary tract infections. Its advantage over other diuretics is that it does not deprive the body of potassium, and even supplies it with the antioxidants necessary to combat free radicals.

5. Celery contains a large amount of water, therefore it stimulates the excretion of urine, while preventing dehydration. If you don't like the taste of celery, try making a juice or smoothie by adding other fruits and vegetables.

6. Apple cider vinegar It has natural diuretic properties, but also helps maintain potassium levels in the body. It also improves the functioning of the digestive system. It is recommended to use it as a salad dressing or add to water.
7. Ginger has a strong cleansing effect, so it is often included in detoxification programs to rid the body of toxins. At the same time, it acts as a diuretic, removing accumulated fluid. You need very little of it; ground or grated ginger can be used to season dishes or make tea from it.

8. Beetroot- not only a diuretic, but also a rich source of antioxidants, especially betalain, which is included in a small number of products. Always fresh beets healthier than boiled, baked or otherwise prepared.

9. Cucumber Mostly consists of water, so of all vegetables it is the most effective against dehydration. It is also rich in sulfur and silicon, which stimulate the kidneys to excrete uric acid.

10. Watermelon promotes the secretion of urine and the removal of toxins and salt from the body, thanks to high content liquid in its pulp. But be careful not to overuse this sweet fruit as it can cause sharp increase blood glucose levels.

11. Cabbage in every way healthy vegetable, and the diuretic effect is only part of its advantages. Cabbage has been shown to be effective in preventing heart disease. It can be eaten raw, finely chopped for salad, or added to soup or stew.

12. Nettle not only removes fluid from the body, but also has a cleansing effect - rids the body of toxins. Nettle is used to make tea or add young leaves to salads.
13. Parsley contains several types of antioxidants, despite the fact that very small amounts are consumed in food. In addition to its diuretic effect, it is useful for digestion. Parsley is added as a seasoning to many dishes, and it is also chewed if you need to freshen your breath.

14. Regular dandelion- Same strong diuretic, thanks to the presence in it active substances taraxasterols. You can take dandelion extract or make tea. Dandelion leaf tea has a detoxifying effect and is especially useful for people suffering from cystitis and urinary tract infections.

15. Eggplant is a natural diuretic, many can be prepared from it delicious dishes. It is not eaten raw, but baked or stewed eggplant will be an excellent side dish.

16. Carrot has long been considered a product beneficial for vision, but it has many others useful properties, including diuretics. Carrots are eaten raw and added to other dishes.

17. Dill acts as a carminative and diuretic, it is often added to dishes to add spice.

18. Garlic has a cleansing and diuretic effect, so there are many reasons to add it to dishes. You can use not only fresh garlic, but also garlic powder, the effect will be no less.

Solutions) have become quite firmly established in our lives. They are used to correct the acid-base balance in the body. After all, they perfectly remove excess acid and alkali from it. Diuretic tablets, the list of which is quite impressive, are used to treat poisoning and some injuries (especially if we're talking about about head injuries) to combat hypertension. But, unfortunately, not everyone knows not only the mechanism of action of these drugs, but also side effects that they can cause. And improper use of diuretics can lead to serious complications.

brief information

Diuretic tablets are used to treat many ailments. List effective drugs and continues to increase today. Diuretics are also called diuretics.

Their main goal is to remove excess water, chemicals, and salts from the body, which tend to accumulate in the walls of blood vessels and tissues. In addition, diuretics have positive influence on water-salt balance.

If the body accumulates big number sodium ions, then begins to be deposited subcutaneous tissue. It has a very negative effect on the functioning of the kidneys, heart, and hematopoietic system. As a result, the patient experiences various diseases and violations.

In addition, diuretics are in great demand in sports medicine. They are often used for weight loss. Very often diuretics (tablets) are included in complex therapy to combat various ailments.

According to the effect on the body modern diuretics are divided into two main forms. The first category of drugs affects the process of urine formation directly in the kidneys. The second form of diuretics is responsible for the hormonal regulation of urine production.

Important Warning

There is a lot of information that diuretic tablets, the list of which is given below, also easily solve cosmetic problems. However, many people believe that similar drugs completely safe. Some women take these medications on their own for weight loss purposes. Athletes widely use drugs before competitions in order to lose weight. Even bodybuilders use them, trying to create artificial dehydration so that the muscles look more prominent.

However, people who take diuretics without medical purposes, take a lot of risks. After all, treatment with diuretics can lead to unpleasant consequences. You should know that diuretics can:

Quite often, even those patients who understand the risk believe that the latest drugs"Indapamide", "Torasemide", "Arifon" do not affect metabolism harmful influence. Such medications are indeed much better tolerated than older generation medications. However, they are also harmful to health. But negative impact these funds are revealed much later. It is enough to understand the mechanism of their action. Medicines of the new and old generation are aimed at one thing - to stimulate the kidneys to work more intensively. Consequently, they excrete more salt and water.

It is important to understand that fluid retention in the body is a symptom of a serious illness. Swelling cannot occur on its own. It is provoked by serious disruptions in the functioning of the kidneys, heart, and sometimes other reasons. Consequently, diuretics are drugs (their list is very extensive) with exclusively symptomatic action. Unfortunately, they do not get rid of the cause of the disease. Thus, medications only delay the unpleasant ending for patients. Therefore, people who want to improve their health and fight real disease, should not make do with diuretics alone, much less use them independently.

Classification of drugs

Until today, there is no single system according to which all diuretics are divided, since all drugs have different chemical structure, have different effects on body systems. Therefore, it is impossible to create an ideal classification.

Often the division occurs according to the mechanism of action. According to this classification, there are:

Thiazide drugs. They are excellent for treating hypertension and are excellent for lowering blood pressure. It is recommended to use them in parallel with other medications. Thiazides can negatively affect metabolism, so such diuretics are prescribed in small quantities. Drugs (a list of only the most popular ones is given in the article) from this group are “Ezidrex”, “Hydrochlorothiazide”, “Chlorthalidone”, “Indapamide”, “Hypothiazide”, “Arifon”.
Loop means. They remove salt and fluid from the body due to their effect on kidney filtration. These medications have a rapid diuretic effect. Loop diuretics do not affect cholesterol levels and do not create preconditions for the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. However, their biggest drawback is the many side effects. The most common drugs are Torasemide, Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid, Bumetanide.
Potassium-sparing agents. Quite an extensive group of drugs. Such medications help increase the excretion of chloride and sodium from the body. At the same time, the removal of potassium is minimized by such diuretic tablets. List of the most popular drugs: Amiloride, Triamterene, Spironolactone.
Aldosterone antagonists. These diuretics block the natural hormone that retains salt and moisture in the body. Drugs that neutralize aldosterone promote fluid removal. At the same time, the potassium content in the body does not decrease. The most popular representative is “Veroshpiron”.

Medicines for edema

For good effect may be applied potent drugs. The following diuretic tablets are used for edema:

"Torasemide";
"Furosemide";
"Piretanide";
"Xipamide";
"Bumetanide".

Medium-strength diuretic tablets can also be used for edema:

"Hydrochlorothiazide";
"Hypothiazide";
"Chlorthalidone";
"Klopamide";
"Polythiazide";
"Indapamide";
"Met hall."

Such drugs are used for a long time and continuously. The recommended dose is determined by the attending physician. As a rule, it is about 25 mg per day.

For minor edema, potassium-sparing diuretics, such as Spironolactone, Amiloride, and Triamterene, are more suitable. They are taken in courses (2-3 weeks) at intervals of 10-14 days.

Medicines for hypertension

Diuretic medications that are used for high blood pressure fall into two categories:

Remedies that have a quick effect. Such drugs are used for hypertensive crisis when there is a need to quickly reduce pressure.
Products for daily use. Medicines help maintain optimal blood pressure levels.

Potent medications can stop a hypertensive crisis. The most popular drug is Furosemide. Its price is low. The following remedies are no less effective during a crisis:

"Torasemide";
"Bumetanide";
"Ethacrynic acid";
"Piretanide";
"Xipamide."

The duration of taking the above medications can be 1-3 days. After stopping the crisis from such potent drugs switch to medications that can maintain blood pressure at the required level every day.

"Indapamide";
"Hydrochlorothiazide";
"Hypothiazide";
"Klopamide";
"Metro salon";
"Polythiazide";
"Chlorthalidone."

These medications are taken daily as prescribed by your doctor. They perfectly maintain the optimal pressure level.

Drugs for heart failure

As a result of this pathology, fluid retention in the body often occurs. This phenomenon creates stagnation of blood in the lungs. The patient has many unpleasant symptoms, such as shortness of breath, swelling, enlarged liver, the appearance of wheezing in the heart.

For people with diabetes, the doctor must introduce a diuretic into their therapy. It perfectly prevents severe consequences in the lungs, cardiogenic shock. At the same time, diuretics increase patients' tolerance to physical activity.

For patients with the first and second degrees of the disease, a good diuretic is a thiazide drug. In case of more serious pathology, the patient is transferred to strong remedy- loop diuretic. In some cases, the drug Spironolactone is additionally prescribed. It is especially important to take such a remedy if the patient has developed hypokalemia.

If the effect of using the drug Furosemide weakens, cardiologists recommend replacing it with the drug Torasemide. It is noticed that last resort has a more beneficial effect on the body when severe forms heart failure.

The drug "Furosemide"

The medicine is a fast-acting diuretic. Its effect occurs after taking it for 20 minutes. The duration of the drug's effect is about 4-5 hours.

This remedy is effective not only for stopping a hypertensive crisis. According to the instructions, the medicine helps with heart failure, swelling of the brain and lungs, poisoning chemicals. It is often prescribed for late toxicosis during pregnancy.

However, the product also has strict contraindications. The drug is not used in the first trimester of pregnancy. It should not be used by patients with renal failure, people who have hypoglycemia, or urinary tract obstruction.

The cost of the drug "Furosemide" is low. The price is approximately 19 rubles.

The drug "Torasemide"

The medicine is fast-acting remedy. The drug "Furosemide" undergoes biotransformation in the kidneys, so it is not suitable for all patients. More effective medicine For people suffering from kidney diseases, the medicine “Torasemide” is used, since it undergoes biotransformation in the liver. But with pathologies of this body the medicine may cause serious harm.

After just 15 minutes, the effect on the body begins (as reported by the product included with the drug, the price of the product varies from 205 to 655 rubles.

Long-term studies have confirmed high efficiency medications for heart failure. In addition, the drug perfectly removes salts and liquid. At the same time, the loss of potassium by the body is insignificant, since the effective remedy blocks the hormone aldosterone.

The drug "Indapamide"

The medicine is very effective in hypertension(severe and moderate). The product perfectly reduces blood pressure and maintains its optimal level throughout the day. In addition, it prevents an increase this indicator in the morning.

You need to take the medicine once a day, 1 tablet, as evidenced by the instructions included in the drug “Indapamide”. The price of the product varies on average from 22 to 110 rubles.

Before taking it, you should familiarize yourself with the contraindications, since this excellent remedy is not suitable for all patients suffering from hypertension. The drug is not intended for people who have problems with the kidneys or liver. Pregnant and nursing mothers are prohibited from taking the medicine. In case of failures cerebral circulation, anuria, hypokalemia, the drug is contraindicated.

The drug "Triamterene"

The medicine is a mild diuretic. It is recommended to use it in combination with another diuretic drug, Hydrochlorothiazide. Thanks to this combination, it is possible to reduce the loss of potassium by the body. The drug Triamterene has a beneficial effect. The instructions position it as a potassium-sparing agent.

The medicine should be used strictly according to the prescribed dosage. People with impaired kidney function may experience an unpleasant side effect - increased level potassium Sometimes the product can lead to dehydration. When interacting with folic acid The medicine helps increase red blood cells.

The cost of the product is 316 rubles.

The drug "Spironolactone"

The medicine is a potassium- and magnesium-sparing agent. At the same time, it effectively removes sodium and chlorine from the body. After starting to take the drug, the diuretic effect occurs approximately 2-5 days.

Medicine can be prescribed for hypertension, chronic form heart failure, liver cirrhosis. The use of Spironolactone is effective for swelling in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

The drug is not intended for people diagnosed with diabetes, renal or liver failure, anuria. It is forbidden to use the product in the first trimester of pregnancy. In case of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, the drug is contraindicated. It should not be administered to people with Addison's disease.

Side effects may also occur when taking the medicine. In some cases, the drug provokes urticaria, itching, drowsiness, headache, diarrhea or constipation.

The cost of the product is about 54 rubles.

From high blood pressure Many people suffer from swelling, stagnation of urine. Some prefer to fight these phenomena folk remedies, others give themselves completely into their own hands traditional medicine. To correct similar violations in the functioning of the body, doctors suggest different medications, including providing assistance with diuretic tablets. What is their classification? How to use drugs correctly? Who are diuretics suitable for?

Diuretics in tablets

Many still do not know why diuretics are prescribed and often refuse to take them, even after a direct recommendation from a doctor, citing normal stool And frequent urge to the toilet. Diuretics can be prescribed not only to people with urinary problems, but also for head injuries, severe swelling of soft tissues, to normalize the acid-base balance, and this is not the entire list of indications.

If you open the instructions for any of the diuretic drugs, you will see that the tablets are recommended to be taken if there is the following complications with health:

increased blood pressure, which is not complicated by renal failure;
circulatory disorders with subsequent formation of edema;
arterial hypertension with impaired glomerular filtration;
glaucoma;
pulmonary or cerebral edema;
liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension;
secondary hyperaldosteronism;
diabetes insipidus.

For swelling

Diuretic tablets for edema are prescribed only when the area of soft tissue damage is large, increases over time, or does not go away for a long time after taking less than aggressive means. Diuretics - serious medical supplies, which affect the entire functionality of the body, and therefore can only be prescribed by a doctor. They can be taken in a strictly designated dosage, in long courses - 2 or 3 weeks at intervals.

Depending on the affected area and the degree of swelling of the soft or serous tissues, all prescribed drugs can be divided into several groups:

funds with weak degree severity: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Midamor;
drugs with moderate effects on the body: Chlorthalidone, Metozalone, Hypothiazide, Veroshpiron;
potent diuretics: Furosemide, Xipamide, Torasemide.

Under pressure

If there is excessive blood pressure on the brain, heart and eyes, diuretics are prescribed, which are divided into two main groups:

Tablets used for hypertensive crisis. Their goal is to quickly lower blood pressure. These are drugs under trade names: Furosemide, Xipamide, Ethacrynic acid, Torasemide, Metozalone.
Diuretics that help maintain normal blood pressure: Metozalone, Indapamide, Hypothiazide, Clopamide.

Diuretic drugs aimed at a sharp decline Blood pressure is, in fact, first aid. They are never assigned for no reason and are used only in in case of emergency. If long-term therapy and remission control are necessary, it is more advisable to choose products with a milder effect on the body. All diuretic tablets should not be taken for more than 3-4 days.

For heart failure

In the presence of such a pathology, the patient often experiences stagnation of fluid in the soft and serous tissues. The patient begins to complain of severe shortness of breath, pain in the liver, laryngeal wheezing after the slightest physical activity. To relieve symptoms and prevent severe consequences in the form of pulmonary edema or cardiac shock The doctor prescribes diuretic therapy. In this case, the choice of diuretics is based on the diagnosis:

For patients with mild and average degree heart failure, thiazide drugs are prescribed: Hypothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide.
At chronic failure the patient is transferred to more strong tablets– loop diuretics. These include: Furosemide, Trigrim, Diuver, Lasix.
In some especially dangerous cases Spironolactone is additionally prescribed. The use of this diuretic drug is justified in the development of hypokalemia.

For weight loss

For unknown reasons, many women find that diuretics are effective in helping them lose weight. overweight and burn subcutaneous fat. However, in practice this statement is a deep misconception. Yes, a diuretic for weight loss will have an effect, but only temporary. All fluid will leave the body, the blood vessels will be cleared of cholesterol plaques, but you won’t be able to lose weight, and the kilograms will return after drinking a bottle of water.

Diuretics are prescribed fat people only as effective remedy to prevent atherosclerosis, prevent stroke or the development of heart failure. In all other cases, these drugs will disrupt the level and ratio of electrolytes to the blood plasma, wash out potassium ions, cause weakness, dizziness, hypertension and can become a serious threat to life.

Classification of diuretics

Based on what part of the kidneys is affected by diuretics, what is the composition and concentration of active substances in the tablets, how the drug affects the body - all diuretics are divided into several groups: saluretics, potassium-sparing tablets and osmotic agents. You must always remember that taking such medications should only be done under the supervision of a doctor, if there are reasonable indications.

Saluretics

The mechanism of action of saluretic tablets is based on the rapid removal of potassium and sodium ions from the body. Thanks to this effect soft fabrics leaves the maximum possible volume of fluid, normalizes acid-base balance fabrics. A serious disadvantage of such diuretics is the fact that a large amount of salt is washed out of the body along with the fluid.

As a rule, saluretics are used to treat vision problems, chronic circulatory failure, hypertensive crisis, and liver cirrhosis. The duration of use for each tablet is different: from several hours to a couple of days. Conventionally, all sauretics can be divided into the following groups:

Thiazide diuretics – drugs Hypothiazide and Oxodoline. They have a minimum of side effects, are well tolerated by patients and are not addictive. The main disadvantage of thiazide diuretics is the possibility of hypokalemia, so they are used for no more than 7 days.
Loop diuretics are powerful, rapid-acting diuretics. They are classified as first aid medications and are used only in cases of hypertensive crisis. At correct use loop diuretics negative reactions can not be.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are the most gentle diuretics. The tablets act gradually, but tend to accumulate in the body and become addictive.

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Diuretics, which help preserve potassium in the body, are considered the most gentle. However, you should not expect instant results after taking such a pill. These diuretics have a cumulative effect and begin to act only after completing a course of treatment. Potassium-sparing diuretics are prescribed for edema, such as aid during treatment of hypertension.

Characteristic representatives Diuretic potassium-sparing drugs are:

Spironolactone and its analogues - appears after taking the tablets for 3-5 days, remains effective for about a week. The medicine is prescribed for mild swelling, in combination with other antihypertensive tablets and diuretics. Due to the fact that Spironolactone contains steroids when long-term use women may develop hair on the face, back, chest, and there is a risk hormonal imbalance.
Daytek, Triamterene – easy drug The mechanism of action is similar to Spironolactone, but has a faster diuretic effect. After taking the tablet, the effect of the drug begins after 3-4 hours and lasts up to half a day. The drug is not recommended for older people due to the possibility of developing kidney disorders and the appearance of hyperkalemia.
Midamor or Amiloride is the weakest diuretic. These tablets help remove chlorine, but retain potassium and calcium. Often a diuretic is used as an addition to other local therapy.

Osmotic

Diuretics of this group reduce plasma pressure, remove water from tissues, and increase blood circulation. The disadvantage of such tablets is that with poor reabsorption by the kidneys, the concentration of active substances in the urine increases, and the loss of sodium and potassium increases. The tablets are prescribed as a diuretic for swelling of the brain, larynx, glaucoma, sepsis, osteomyelitis, and burns. Osmotic diuretics include:

Mannitol with sulfacyl;
Urea;
Theobromine;
Eufillin;
Theophylline.

Herbal diuretics in tablets

Herbal products are considered the safest, therefore they can be prescribed during pregnancy, breastfeeding, children and the elderly. Of the contraindications, it is worth highlighting only minor ones allergic reactions And individual intolerance composition of individual herbs. Use herbal diuretics for edema during pregnancy, renal failure, inflammatory diseases urinary system. These are pills.