The baby has blue squirrels since birth. Blue (blue) sclera

The eye protein normal condition has a white color. A change in the color of the sclera may indicate that a person is sick. Blue sclera indicate that the protein shell of the eye, which consists of collagen, has become thinned. The vessels under it are translucent, staining the protein blue. This phenomenon is not considered separate disease, however, in some cases, blue sclera is one of the symptoms of the disease.
Causes of the syndrome

The symptom of blue sclera often appears in children from birth due to existing disorders at the gene level. The eye protein can be blue, gray-blue or blue-blue in color. This phenomenon is often inherited, so it does not always indicate that the child is seriously ill.

If the syndrome is congenital, specialists detect it immediately after childbirth. When the baby is completely healthy, after six months the pathology recedes. In the presence of serious illnesses the color of the white of the eyes does not change by this time. Often, blue protein syndrome is accompanied by other problems with the visual organs (hypoplasia of the iris, cloudy area of the cornea, glaucoma, cataracts, and others).

The main cause of blue sclera is the translucence of the vascular membrane through the sclera, which, due to thinning, has become transparent. This pathology is characterized by such changes:

sclera too thin;
the amount of collagen and elastin decreases;
the appearance of a characteristic color of the white of the eyes, which indicates high level mucopolysaccharides. This indicates the immaturity of the fibrous tissue.

Characteristic symptoms

Such a characteristic symptomatology will help to recognize the existing blue sclera syndrome: the color of the sclera in both eyes has bluish (sometimes blue) tones, the patient suffers from hearing loss, his bones are too prone to fragility.

The color of the white of the eyes in a blue-blue hue is an invariable sign of pathology, present in one hundred percent of the sick

The size visual organs often does not change, however, in addition to the characteristic color of the sclera, other pathologies can be diagnosed in patients.

The second important symptom of the blue whites of the eyes is the weakening of the bone apparatus, ligaments, articular part. According to statistics, it is present in sixty percent of patients with the syndrome at the initial stage of the disease.

In this regard, the disease was decided to be divided into several types:

The first type is the most serious lesion that appears in the baby even in utero, during childbirth or immediately after birth. Such children die very early or even before they are born.
The second type is a pathology that occurs in a child in early age accompanied by fractures. Forecasts for later life more favorable than in children suffering from the first type of disease. However multiple fractures, which can appear even with little effort, dislocations, provoke the appearance of a dangerous deformation bone structure.
The third type is a disease in which fractures begin to appear in children older than two years. When a child becomes a teenager, the number of skeletal injuries decreases.

Third characteristic symptom disease that causes a person blue squirrels eyes - progressive hearing loss. Almost fifty percent of patients suffer from it. This phenomenon is explained by the presence of otosclerosis, as well as the not fully developed labyrinth of the internal organ of hearing.

Sometimes all of the above symptoms are accompanied by other problems with the mesodermal tissue. Often, a patient from birth has heart disease, syndactyly and other pathologies.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

Depending on what symptoms are accompanied by blue sclera syndrome, choose diagnostic methods. After the research, experts can determine why the whites of the eyes are blue. It depends on which doctor will conduct a further examination, prescribe the necessary therapy.

Put accurate diagnosis consultation of a rheumatologist, geneticist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist will help.

Diagnostic research methods:

x-ray of the bone apparatus, joints;
CT scan;
ultrasound examination of the heart, capable of diagnosing the presence of pathologies that have been present since birth;
audiogram assessing hearing.

There is no single treatment option for the syndrome, because such a phenomenon is not considered a disease. As a therapy, the doctor may recommend:

massage course;
occupation therapeutic gymnastics;
correction of the diet;
electrophoresis with calcium salts;
the use of a course of chondroprotectors (with an interval of two to three months);
painkillers to help relieve pain in bones, joints;
bisphosphonates, which can prevent bone loss;
the use of drugs containing calcium, as well as other multivitamins;
antibacterial agents, if the disease is accompanied by the appearance of an inflammatory process in the joints;
women with menopause are prescribed the use of hormonal drugs containing estrogen;
purchase hearing aid if the patient suffers from hearing loss;
surgical correction (for fractures, deformation of the bone structure, otosclerosis).

If a child or adult has blue sclera, there is no need to panic. First of all, you need to go for a consultation with a doctor who will help you understand the root cause of the onset of the disease, and also tell you the algorithm of actions in the future. Perhaps this pathology does not threaten human health and is not a symptom of dangerous diseases.

At the same time, gray whites of the eyes with a bluish tinge in babies under the age of six months are considered normal.

Sometimes babies may experience darkening of the white of the eyes, in particular, the white becomes gray. Depending on how the color of the white of the eye changes, it can be either individual norm as well as a sign of disease. It is possible to find out exactly whether the baby is healthy only when the baby reaches six months of age.

By this time, the bluish-gray tint of the sclera, characteristic of all newborns, disappears, and the doctor has the opportunity to reliably establish whether there is a threat to the health of the baby.

Darkening of the protein in infants as a normal phenomenon

The baby's body grows and rebuilds very quickly, which is manifested in a change in the color of the whites of the eyes. For example, the sclera of the eyes of an adult is transparent, while in babies it acquires a bluish tint. By about six months of age or a year of age, the blueness of the sclera around the corneas should disappear. At the same time, the color of the white of the eyes normalizes.

If the blueness of the sclera does not go away by one year, or the sclera acquires a pronounced blue tint, the child must be shown to the doctor. A similar eye color can be a sign of deafness in combination with bone pathologies. Thus, when a child has gray whites of the eyes, you need to contact an ophthalmologist.

All babies have slightly cloudy eyes and have the same greyish-bluish color. This is not considered a pathology, because over time, the eyes acquire a new shade. The best way to determine if the baby is sick with something is to wait six months: by then the veil in front of the eyes should disappear.

Gray protein as a sign of disease

If, after six months, the veil in front of the baby's eyes has not disappeared, and the whites have remained gray, you will need the help of an ophthalmologist. Usually, doctors do not pay attention to the gray whites around the edge of the eyes and consider this not a dangerous phenomenon, however, you still have to get a consultation. The gray edges of the white of the eye may be individual feature baby, unique to him.

It is worse when all or most of the protein becomes gray. a clear sign diseases can be pronounced gray whites of the eyes in an infant.

The gray-blue tint of the baby's eyes can be a sign not only ophthalmic diseases but also pathologies of a different nature. With a pronounced gray-blue color of the sclera or white of the eye, the baby must be shown to an ophthalmologist, and then taken to an ultrasound scan: the fact is that children with a gray tint of protein or sclera often suffer from cardiovascular diseases.

The baby must be examined by doctors if his sclera is transparent and the vessels of the eye shine through it. The gray color of proteins in children can be a symptom of "Rickets" - then, after being on fresh air proteins can turn white. Do not forget that rickets is accompanied by other symptoms that you must definitely pay attention to, and not just the appearance of a gray coating on the whites of the eyes.

The birth of a child is small miracle. Even when the baby is growing in the mother's womb, future parents, their immediate family and friends are actively trying to predict what color the baby's eyes will be. Sometimes it happens that a child is born with light gray or blue eyes, although his mother and father are brown-eyed. But closer to the year, the baby's eyes become dark. What is the reason for this phenomenon and how to explain the presence of different colors eyes in newborns?

What color are the eyes of newborns

Eyes are the mirror of the soul. Any eye color is beautiful and has its own characteristics. In young children, the formation of the final eye color can occur within first three years of life. But if you look at the parents and close relatives of the baby, you can guess what color the eyes of an already grown child will be.

How is the color of the iris formed?

In the process of intrauterine development of the fetus, as early as the eleventh week, the iris of the eye begins to form. It is she who determines what eye color the baby will have. The process of inheritance of the color of the iris is very complex: several genes are responsible for it at once. Previously, it was believed that mom and dad with dark eyes there is absolutely no chance of giving birth to a light-eyed baby, but latest research proved that this is not the case.

With the help of this table, you can guess the color of the eyes of the unborn child

The color and shade of the iris depends on two factors at once:

the density of the cells of the iris;
the amount of melanin in the child's body.

Melanin is a special pigment produced by skin cells. It is he who is responsible for the saturation and intensity of the color of our skin, hair and eyes.

Accumulating in the iris of the eye in large quantities, melanin causes the formation of black, dark brown or brown flowers. If it is not enough, children are born with blue, gray and green eyes. People with total absence melanin in the body are called albinos.

There is a misconception that all small children are born blue-eyed. In fact, this is not always the case. A baby is born with a certain density of iris cells and the amount of melanin in it given by nature, so the eyes appear bright. In the process of maturation, growth and development child's body there is an accumulation of this pigment in the iris, due to which a different eye color is formed. Thus, the phenomenon of turning blue eyes in an infant into dark and even black is quite easy to explain. Do not forget that many children are born immediately with brown eyes.

Yellow and green eyes

Green and yellow eyes - a consequence of not a large number melanin in the iris. The shade of the eyes is also determined by the presence of lipofuscin pigment in the first layer of the iris. The more it is, the lighter eyes. Green eyes have slight inclusions of this substance, which causes the variability of their shades.

The green color of the eyes in a child is formed closer to the second year of life.

Yellow eyes, contrary to popular rumors, are not an anomaly. Very often, yellow-eyed babies appear in brown-eyed parents. In most cases, this eye color darkens with older age, but some children remain with yellow eyes for life.

Yellow eye color in an adult is a rarity all over the world.

There are several interesting facts about green and yellow eyes. For example, women are more likely to have green color irises than men. During the Middle Ages, green-eyed women were considered witches and burned at the stake according to ancient superstitions - this may explain such a small number of people with green eyes at the present time. Yellow eyes are a rarity: they occur in less than two percent of the population worldwide. They are also called "eyes of the tiger".

Red eyes

The red color of the eyes in a child is a sign of severe genetic disease called albinism. Albinos have practically no melanin pigment: this is due to their snow-white skin color, hair and red or colorless eyes.

Albinos have red eyes.

The reddish hue of the iris is due to the fact that through it in the light shine through blood vessels. Albinism is a rather serious pathology, and a lot of effort will have to be made to raise such a child. You will need to use special glasses and protective creams, as well as regularly show the growing baby to the pediatrician.

Melanin, which is so lacking in albinos, provides protection against sun rays. That's why White skin these people instantly burns in the sun. Development risk malignant neoplasms these children are much higher than others.

It is noteworthy that this pathology is not a mutation, but a consequence of a genetic lottery: the distant ancestors of both parents of a person born with red eyes once suffered from a lack of melanin. Albinism is a recessive trait and can only appear if two identical genes meet.

Albinism is often combined with other congenital malformations: cleft lip, bilateral deafness and blindness. Albinos often suffer from nystagmus, abnormal movements of the eyeball that occur without their intention.

Blue and blue eyes

Blue eyes in newborns are due to low cell density during outer layer iris, and also because of the low content of melanin in it. Light rays of low frequency completely disappear in the posterior layer of the iris, and high-frequency rays are reflected from the front, as if from a mirror. The fewer cells in the outer layer, the brighter and more saturated the color of the baby's eyes will be.

About ninety-five percent of the population of Estonia and Germany before World War II had blue eyes. Blue eyes are more sensitive to light. When a blue-eyed person is happy or scared, their eyes may change color.

Blue eyes Can change color depending on lighting

Blue eyes are when the cells in the outer layer of the iris are denser than when blue color and also have a grayish tint. Most often, blue and blue eyes can be found in Caucasians. But there are exceptions.

People with blue eyes are less susceptible to the tearing effect of onions when peeling them. Most blue-eyed people live in the northern parts of the world. Blue eyes are a mutation that arose over ten thousand years ago: all blue-eyed people are very distant relatives of each other.

Gray and dark gray eyes

The mechanism of formation of dark gray and gray color the eye is no different from blue and blue. The amount of melanin and the density of iris cells is slightly greater than that of blue eyes. It is believed that a child who was born with gray eyes can subsequently receive both a lighter and a darker shade. It can be said that grey eyes are the transition point between these two shades.

Gray eyes are common in babies.

Black and brown eyes

Owners of black and brown eyes can boast the largest number melanin in their irises. This eye color is the most common in the world. Black or "agate" eyes are widespread among the peoples of Asia, the Caucasus and Latin America. It is believed that initially all people on earth had the same number melanin in the iris and were brown-eyed. Completely black eyes, in which the pupil cannot be distinguished, occur in less than one percent of the population.

Most brown-eyed people in the world

Very often, children with brown eyes have dark color hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, as well as a dark skin tone. Dark-eyed blondes are now a rarity.

Exists laser operation, with which it is possible to remove part of the pigment and brighten the eyes: the Japanese widely use this method. In ancient times, it was believed that people with brown eyes could see well in the dark, and this allowed them to hunt at night.

colorful eyes

Multi-colored eyes - very a rare event, genetic mutation called heterochromia. This is due to a change in the gene structure that encodes the melanin pigment: due to this, the iris of one eye receives a little more melanin, and the other a little less. Such a mutation does not affect vision in any way, so heterochromia is an absolutely safe phenomenon.

There are several types of multi-colored eyes:

total heterochromia: both eyes are uniformly colored in different colors;
Complete (total) heterochromia is very rare.
partial, or sector: in one of the eyes there is a bright blotch of a different color;
Many people have multicolored patches in their eyes.
circular heterochromia: multiple rings different color around the pupil.
Circular heterochromia occurs in 5% of the population

Multi-colored eyes are not a sign of any disease, but rather interesting and unusual phenomenon which makes the child unique and unrepeatable in its own way. Many Hollywood stars also had a similar "defect", which they turned into their highlight.

Famous people with heterochromia:

David Bowie;
Kate Bosworth;
Mila Kunis;
Jane Seymour;
Alice Iv.

How to determine the color of the eyes in a baby

As you know, the color of the baby's eyes can have different shades. Depending on the conditions, mood, weather and even the time of day, it may undergo some changes. Various diseases, stress and trauma can permanently change the color of the child's iris, which is due to complex processes healing and restoration of the structure of the eyeball.

When blue-eyed babies cry, their eyes turn aqua blue.

The following factors can cause eye color change:

long crying;
natural or artificial lighting;
weather;
the color of the clothes worn by the baby;
infectious diseases of the eyeball and eyelids;
child nutrition;
lack of sleep;
eyeball injury.

How can you correctly determine the color of the eyes of a child? Wait until your baby is in a good mood: full, happy and cheerful. Bring the baby closer to the light source and carefully look at his eyes. Most often it is very difficult to distinguish between blue and green shades. Most of all, the difference between them is noticeable in daylight natural light.

If you want to at least approximately determine the color of the eyes of an unborn baby, you should turn to genetics. He will draw up a family tree for you, taking into account the color of the iris of your next of kin. You must come to the appointment with your spouse and with photographs of the baby's grandparents.

Video: inheritance of a child's eye color depending on the eye color of his relatives

When does eye color change in newborns?

Usually the final shade of the iris is formed by the third year of a child's life. Sometimes there may be exceptions when the color of the eyes forever remains the same as at birth, or changes again at puberty. According to some studies, people who are initially born with dark eyes are much less likely to change the color of the iris throughout their lives. In newborns with light and rare shades eye formation of the final color occurs much later.

Table: change in the color of the eyes of a newborn child depending on his age

When the color of the whites of the eyes indicates pathology

The white of the eye, otherwise known as the sclera, is a unique indicator of the condition. internal organs person. Normally, the sclera has a completely white color, and resembles boiled chicken protein from where its second name comes from. And it also has on its surface the smallest capillaries that carry arterial and venous blood. A change in the color of the eyeball directly indicates the pathology in the body.

Red whites of the eyes

If your baby has reddened eyes, this may indicate several types at once. pathological processes that flow in his body. However, you should not be very scared and panic: in most cases, the redness disappears within a few days when correct application eye drops.

Eye redness indicates corneal irritation

Causes of redness of the white of the eye:

SARS and colds;
conjunctivitis;
pollution;
barley formation;
protein damage: scratch or impact;
inflammation of the sacs.

If the baby is restless, constantly trying to touch the eye, he has a fever, you should immediately consult a doctor. If the treatment of this disease does not require special means, you will need to buy special baby drops and bury the crumbs in their eyes three times a day. If there are more serious pathologies, Related infectious lesion protein, the child will be prescribed an antibiotic and eye ointments.

Yellow whites of the eyes

When a newborn baby has yellow sclera, skin and mucous membranes, we should talk about jaundice. This type of pathology is very common in premature babies, as well as in babies whose mother had an Rhesus conflict.

The yellow color of the skin and whites of the baby's eyes is associated with an excess of bilirubin.

Rh-conflict is a situation that occurs when the Rh of a woman and a man are incompatible, as a result of which an Rh-negative mother bears an Rh-positive child.

The yellowness of the baby is due to the presence in his blood of a large amount of a special enzyme called bilirubin. The more it is in the body, the more intense the color. Bilirubin appears due to increased destruction blood cells in the baby's liver. This is due to the fact that when the baby was in the mother's body, he had a completely different hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen to the cells of the body). At birth, infant hemoglobin is replaced by an adult one, which is associated with impaired adaptation mechanisms, destruction of blood cells and the formation of jaundice. This condition usually resolves within a few days without treatment.

If a woman with a Rhesus conflict had a rather difficult pregnancy and had significant complications and pathologies, there is a risk of developing more severe form jaundice. Usually, after the birth of such children, they are taken to intensive care, where they spend all necessary measures to restore balance in the body. The duration of treatment for jaundice in newborns is from two to six months.

Blue whites of the eyes

Children who are born with blue or bluish whites of the eyes are carriers of a severe genetic disorder called Lobstein van der Hewe syndrome. This is a rather complex and multifactorial disease that affects the connective tissue, visual apparatus, hearing organs and skeletal system. Such a baby will for a long time be treated in the hospital, but completely get rid of the pathology and will not be able to.

Blue sclera syndrome is a severe genetic pathology

This genetic anomaly is dominant: a person with this disease will have a sick child. Fortunately, the syndrome is quite rare: one case in sixty or eighty thousand babies a year.

Main clinical manifestations syndrome:

bilateral hearing impairment associated with underdevelopment of the internal ear canal and auditory ossicles;
frequent bone fractures and ligament ruptures: the connective tissue sheath is not able to withstand pressure, and even a slight blow can lead to serious injury;
blue coloring eyeballs due to the fact that the thin sclera, passing through itself the rays of light, reflects the pigment of the iris;
significant visual impairment is directly dependent on the pathologies of the sclera.

Unfortunately, since the disease is a violation of the genetic structure, it is not possible to completely cure it. Doctors usually prescribe symptomatic treatment, which is aimed at reducing the intensity of the main manifestations. And also when the child reaches certain age it is possible to carry out operations that will help restore vision and hearing. Parents of such a child should observe maximum care so as not to accidentally provoke fractures or other injuries.

Thanks to the achievements modern medicine and genetics, it is possible to determine the color of your baby's eyes even before he is born. Of course, these results will only be approximate. The inheritance and formation of the color of the iris is a rather complex and interesting process. However, for most parents it does not matter at all what color the eyes of their newborn will be, if only the child grows and develops without any diseases and pathologies. If you notice that the color of the baby's eyeballs is different from the norm, you should immediately contact your pediatrician and endocrinologist.

Blue (blue) sclera can be a symptom of a number of systemic diseases.

"Blue sclera" is most often a sign of Lobstein-Van der Heve syndrome, which belongs to the group of constitutional defects connective tissue due to multiple gene damage. The type of inheritance is autosomal dominant, with a high (about 70%) pevetrance. It occurs infrequently - 1 case per 40-60 thousand newborns.

Key symptoms of blue sclera syndrome: hearing loss, bilateral blue (sometimes blue) coloration of the sclera and increased fragility bones. The most constant and the most pronounced sign blue-blue coloration of the sclera, observed in 100% of patients with this syndrome. Blue sclera is due to the fact that pigment is visible through the thinned and especially transparent sclera. choroid. Studies have recorded thinning of the sclera, a decrease in the number of collagen and elastic fibers, metachromatic coloration of the main substance, indicating an increase in the content of mucopolysaccharides, which indicates the immaturity of the fibrous tissue in the "blue sclera" syndrome, and the persistence of the embryonic sclera. There is an opinion that the blue-blue color of the sclera is not due to its thinning, but to an increase in transparency as a result of a change in the colloid-chemical qualities of the tissue. Based on this, the most correct one for designating this pathological condition the term is "transparent sclera".

Blue sclera in this syndrome are determined immediately after birth; they are more intense than in healthy newborns, and do not disappear at all by the 5-6th month, as is usually the case. The size of the eyes, in most cases, is not changed. In addition to blue sclera, other eye anomalies can be observed: anterior embryotoxon, iris hypoplasia, zonular or cortical cataract, glaucoma, color blindness, corneal opacities, etc.

The second sign of the "blue sclera" syndrome - bone fragility, which is combined with weakness of the ligamentous-articular apparatus, is observed in approximately 65% of patients. This sign may appear in various terms, on the basis of which 3 types of disease are distinguished.

The first type is the most severe lesion, in which fractures appear in utero, during childbirth, or shortly after birth. These children die in utero or in early childhood.
In the second type of blue sclera syndrome, fractures occur in early childhood. The prognosis for life in such situations is favorable, although due to numerous fractures that occur unexpectedly or with little effort, dislocations and subluxations, disfiguring deformations of the skeleton remain.
The third type is characterized by the appearance of fractures at the age of 2-3 years; the number and danger of their occurrence decreases over time to puberty. The root causes of bone fragility are the extreme porosity of the bone, the deficiency of calcareous compounds, the embryonic nature of the bone and other manifestations of its hypoplasia.

The third sign of the "blue sclera" syndrome is a progressive hearing loss, which is a consequence of otosclerosis and underdevelopment of the labyrinth. Hearing loss develops in about half (45-50% of patients).

From time to time, the typical triad in blue sclera syndrome is combined with a variety of mesodermal tissue anomalies, of which the most common birth defects cardiac system, "cleft palate", syndactyly and other anomalies.

Treatment of the "blue sclera" syndrome is symptomatic.

Blue sclera can also be in patients suffering from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a disease with a dominant and autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome begins at the age of 3 years and is characterized by increased skin elasticity, fragility and vulnerability of blood vessels, weakness of the articular-ligamentous apparatus. Often these patients have microcornea, keratoconus, lens subluxation, and retinal detachment. The weakness of the sclera sometimes leads to its rupture, including with minor injuries of the eyeball.

Blue sclera can also be a sign of Love's oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome, an autosomal recessive disease that affects only boys. Patients from birth have cataracts with microphthalmos, 75% of patients have increased intraocular pressure

Why do some people have blue whites of their eyes? Is this anomaly a disease? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. The whites of the eyes are called so because they are normal white color. are the result of thinning of the protein which is made up of collagen. In view of this, the vessels placed under it shine through, giving a blue tint to the sclera. What does it mean when the whites of the eyes are blue, find out below.

The reasons

Blue whites of the eyes are not an independent disease, but sometimes act as a symptom of the disease. What does it mean when the sclera of the eye becomes blue-blue, gray-blue or blue? It is sometimes seen in newborns and is often caused by gene disorders. This peculiarity can also be inherited. It is also called "transparent sclera". But this does not always mean that the child has serious ailments.

This symptom is congenital pathology found immediately after the birth of the baby. If a severe pathologies no, by six months of a child's life, this syndrome, as a rule, recedes.

If it is a sign of any ailment, then it does not disappear by this age. In this case, the parameters of the eyes usually remain unchanged. The blue white of the eye is often accompanied by other anomalies of the organs of vision, including corneal opacity, glaucoma, iris hypoplasia, cataracts, anterior embryotoxon, color blindness, and so on.

The underlying cause of this syndrome is the translucence of the vascular membrane through the thin sclera, which becomes transparent.

Transformations

Not many people know why sclera occur blue color. This phenomenon is accompanied by the following transformations:

Decrease in the number of elastic and collagen fibers.
Direct thinning of the sclera.
Metachromatic color of the eye substance, indicating an increase in the number of mucopolysaccharides. This, in turn, means that fibrous tissue is immature.

Symptoms

So what causes the whites of the eyes to be blue? This phenomenon occurs due to such ailments as:

eye diseases that have nothing to do with the state of the connective tissue (congenital glaucoma, scleromalacia, myopia);
pathology of the connective tissue (pseudoxanthoma elastic, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan or Koolen-da-Vris sign, Lobstein-Vrolik disease);
ailments skeletal system and blood (iron deficiency anemia, lack of acid phosphatase, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, osteitis deformans).

Approximately 65% of people who have this syndrome, the ligament-articular system is very weak. Depending on at what point it makes itself felt, there are three types of such damage that can be called signs of blue sclera:

Severe stage of injury. Fractures with it appear shortly after the birth of the baby or when intrauterine development fetus.
Fractures that appear at an early age.
Fractures occurring at 2-3 years of age.

With connective tissue ailments (mainly with Lobstein-Vrolik disease), the following signs are determined:

If a person suffers from blood ailments, for example, iron deficiency anemia, the symptoms may be as follows:

hyperactivity;
thin tooth enamel;
frequent colds;
mental retardation and physical development;
violation of tissue trophism.

It must be borne in mind that the blue whites of the eyes of a child who is born are not always regarded as a symptom of an illness. Very often they are the norm, due to incomplete pigmentation. As the child develops, the sclera acquires the appropriate color, since the pigment appears in the required amount.

In the elderly, protein color transformation is often associated with age-related changes. Sometimes it is accompanied by other problems with the mesodermal tissue. Very often sick from birth has syndactyly, heart disease and other pathologies.

Myopia

Consider separately myopia. According to the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases), this disease has the code H52.1. It includes several types of flow, develops slowly or rapidly. Leads to serious complications and can lead to total blindness.

Myopia is associated with elderly grandparents, older people, but in fact it is a disease of the young. According to statistics, about 60% of school graduates suffer from it.

Do you remember the code for myopia in ICD-10? With it, it will be easier for you to study this disease. Myopia is corrected with the help of lenses and glasses, they are advised to be worn continuously or used from time to time (depending on the type of ailment). But such a correction does not cure myopia, it only helps to correct the patient's condition. Possible complications myopia are:

A sharp decline visual acuity.
Retinal disinsertion.
Dystrophic transformation of retinal vessels.
Corneal detachment.

Often myopia progresses slowly, its sharp development can be provoked by such factors:

disorder of blood flow to the brain;
long-term stress on the organs of vision;
long stay at the PC (it's about harmful radiation).

Diagnostics

Depending on the signs shown, diagnostic technologies are selected, thanks to which it is possible to determine the cause of the transformation of the color of the sclera. It also depends on them which doctor will supervise the examination and treatment.

No need to be scared if the baby has blue sclera. Also, do not panic if an adult is overtaken by this phenomenon. Contact a therapist or pediatrician who will establish an algorithm for your actions based on the collected history. Maybe, this phenomenon is not associated with the development of severe pathologies and does not pose any danger to health.

doctoring

There is no single treatment regimen for blue sclera, since the transformation of the color of the eyeballs is not an ailment. As a therapy, the doctor may recommend:

electrophoresis with calcium salts;
massage course;
therapeutic gymnastics;
painkillers that will help relieve pain in the bones and joints;
correction of the diet;
application of a course of chondroprotectors;
buy a hearing aid (if the patient has hearing loss);
bisphosphonates, which prevent bone loss;
surgical correction(with otosclerosis, fractures, deformation of the bone structure);
the use of medicines containing calcium and other multivitamins;
antibacterial drugs if the disease is accompanied inflammatory process in the joints;
women in menopause are prescribed hormonal agents containing estrogen.