Root inflammation. Radiculitis (inflammation of the root of one of the spinal nerves)

Stones of organic origin are sometimes formed in the stomach. In medicine, they are called bezoars. Such formations are most often observed in children and women who have a habit of sucking their hair, tend to consume certain foods in large volumes. Symptoms for this pathology may vary, depending on the size of the stones in the stomach.

What is the essence of the disease?

There are bezoars various forms, consistency and size. As a rule, agglomerates consist of solid particles of food, hair and other unsplit elements. As they accumulate, stone-like formations are formed, which can increase in size. The growth rate depends on the composition of the bezoar, as well as the characteristics of the human body. AT medical practice isolated severe cases are known when it grew to such a size that it filled the entire stomach.

The consistency of the agglomerates can be loose, soft or hard. By number - single or multiple. Usually they are brown or green in color, with an unpleasant odor.

Types and causes

There are several types of stones in the stomach:

• phytobezoars- occur most often, the cause of the appearance is the accumulation of rough vegetable fiber(figs, persimmons, grapes, and others), occur as a result of insufficient chewing of food, with gastritis, disruption digestive organ;
• trichobezoars- formed from hair, most often found in people who have a habit of sucking their own strands and those whose professional activity associated with hair
• lactobezoars- mostly found in infants, whose nutrition is based on lactose and casein;
• sebobezoars- occurs as a result of fat accumulation plant origin consumed with food in large quantities;
• haemobezoars- usually seen in people with systemic lupus erythematosus or portal hypertension at which blood is swallowed;
• pixobezoars- formed when eating resin;
• shellacobesoars- appear due to falling into digestive system nitro varnish, varnish, alcohol varnish and other harmful substances.

Patients after gastric surgery are most prone to the formation of such stones. Patients with diabetes are also at risk.

Characteristic symptoms

Stones may be in the stomach long time without showing any symptoms. Thus, a person throughout years may not be aware of the disease.

When the formation reaches a certain size, the following clinical signs may appear:

• dull pain that gets worse after eating;
• instant satiety, despite eating a small amount of food;
• heaviness in the abdomen;
• nausea;
• belching with an unpleasant odor;
• vomiting after eating.

Symptoms depend on the size, nature, time of the formation in the digestive organ. AT childhood pathology can manifest itself as severe pain and swelling.

Bezoars, larger in size, manifest themselves more intensely.

In such cases, the following clinical signs occur:

• weight loss;
• an increase in viral and infectious diseases;
• fast fatiguability;
• fragility of nails, deterioration of teeth;
• unhealthy complexion;
• weakness.

Acute pain and debilitating vomiting accompany the patient in case of pinching of the stone in the exit zone of the organ.

Diagnostics

On palpation, it is possible to detect only large formations that are distinguished by good mobility.

As a rule, the following diagnostic studies are carried out:

• radiography- during the study, defects are detected that have a certain size and clear boundaries, they can be mobile or fixed in the wall of the stomach (in the latter case, the disease can be confused with cancer);
• gastroscopy – endoscopy, allows you to visually assess the size, shape, structure of the bezoar, determine the state of the mucous membrane;
• ultrasound- is carried out only in cases where there are contraindications for the two previous types of diagnostics.

By general analysis blood can detect signs of anemia, which also indicates the development of the disease.

Treatment Methods

In the absence of complications, conservative treatment, which is assigned depending on the type of education, as well as other characteristics.

If the consistency of the agglomerate is soft, you can get rid of it by drinking warm alkaline mineral water. The course of treatment is up to two weeks. In this case, you will have to follow a diet with a restriction on the amount of vegetables and fruits consumed raw. Soft agglomerates can sometimes be destroyed by conventional massage.

Also used for treatment mechanical way, the essence of which is to remove the stone with an endoscope or crushing by exposure to special solutions under pressure. To accelerate the removal of agglomerate particles, prokinetics are used. They are able to increase the motility of the digestive organ. Also, drugs are prescribed that tend to envelop the mucous membrane, protecting it from negative effects.

AT rare cases when the bezoars are hard and large, the doctor decides on a surgical intervention, during which the agglomerates are removed.

Prevention

Preventive measures are as follows:

• proper nutrition;
• active lifestyle;
• getting rid of the habit of sucking hair and biting nails;
• timely examination by a gastroenterologist;
• slow and thorough chewing food;
• restriction of roughage, berries, fruits and vegetables with a hard skin.

Complications

When agglomerates grow to large sizes they can lead to complications. One of them is the infringement of the bezoar, which is manifested by sharp pain and prolonged vomiting. Sometimes there is an obstruction of the stomach when its outlet is blocked.

Our expert - endoscopist, oncologist, surgeon the highest category GBUZ "City clinical Hospital them. V. V. Veresaeva "Georgy Dmitrienko.

Not far off season fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, kebabs in nature. It would seem, what could be more beautiful and more useful? In fact, even natural food capable of fraught with serious dangers if it is used incorrectly.

no magic

The word "bezoar" in Arabic means "stone". AT literary sources bezoars were often called stones with magical properties. So, in the epic about Harry Potter, bezoars - stones located in the stomach of a goat - had the properties of a powerful antidote.

The fairy tale story is somewhat far from the truth. Indeed, phytobezoars formed by absorption huge amount herbs are often formed in the stomach of ruminants. And trichobezoars - lumps of hair and wool - are not uncommon in the digestive tract of cats and other animals that have the habit of licking themselves. But here medicinal properties these conglomerates, alas, do not.

Cola therapy

In humans, bezoars can reach the size of a newborn baby's head and are therefore capable of causing severe pain, cause burning sensation in epigastric region, belching, nausea, vomiting. It is for this reason that patients, as a rule, go to the doctor.
The most common product for overuse which phytobezoars arise is persimmon: its thick and long fibers collapse and thicken in the stomach. It is impossible to remove them endoscopically, as they become hard as a stone. Before proceeding with the minimally invasive surgical intervention, the patient has to sit on a water-alkaline diet for several days. This is the very case when it is not too late to drink Borjomi. However, cola turned out to be an even more effective solvent. Endoscopists even have a new term - "cola therapy". So there are cases when this drink is useful.

If you do not take action and do not get rid of the phytobezoar, the patient may face the most serious troubles - for example, a stomach ulcer in an acute, bleeding state, which is formed from the pressure of a stone on the wall of an organ.

From what, from what?

In addition to persimmon, phytobezoars can be formed with the excessive use of figs, plums, dates, grapes, nuts and sunflower seeds, especially poorly peeled and with seeds. The risk increases if you do not drink these foods and chew them badly. Pathologies also contribute various problems with the gastrointestinal tract - increased viscosity mucus in the stomach, impaired evacuation function, decreased secretion gastric juice and others.

Much rarer than phytobezoars, but still there are other formations. For example, sebobezoars are formed when goat, lamb and beef fat is consumed without sufficient heat treatment; anthracobezoars are accumulations of undissolved residues activated carbon and other medicines; pixobezoars appear when drinking low-quality alcohol or swallowing chewing gum.

Trichobezoars that appear when swallowing hair are, oddly enough, fairly common phenomena. It turns out that many people under stress not only bite their nails, but also bite the ends of their hair, and this can lead to the formation of abdominal cavity giant "hairpieces" that disrupt the work of everything digestive tract and can lead to serious complications.

Chew and drink!

Bezoars can only be removed surgically. Therefore, it is important to prevent their formation.

Eating coarse food plant food containing a lot of fiber is useful, but in moderation. Can't be abused. It is also important to drink such food. enough water to aid digestion. The diet should be varied. It is wrong to eat only meat or only vegetables and fruits.

In addition, food must be chewed thoroughly. If this is not done, not only the danger of bezoars formation increases, but also the risk of elementary choking increases. In the warm season, when the barbecue season begins, the number of calls to endoscopists sharply increases regarding the extraction of unchewed pieces of meat from the esophagus.

Do not forget to undergo a preventive gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedure every two years, especially if you are over 40 years old. Remember: cancer initial stages does not manifest itself in any way, it can sometimes be detected only during these examinations, while successful result treatment depends on early diagnosis.

Bezoar (from the Arabic بازهر‎‎ bâzahr - "absorbing poisons" and from the Chaldean "bel" - "lord" and "zaar" - poison) is a foreign body in the stomach and a stone of organic origin. It is considered a calculus of matted hair, or plant fibers. It is found inside the body of ruminants, such as bezoar goats, as well as cats, horses, dogs and pigs. They are extremely rare in humans.

By itself, the bezoar is bluish-gray in color, greasy to the touch, and bitter to the taste. It has a lot of other names, for example, wild boar, cock and beluga stone, bezoir, bezuy, alectorius, bezoar stone.

The healing properties of the bezoar

It has long been believed that a bezoar can save its owner from poisoning by poisons, in particular, arsenic. For this, he was very much appreciated by powerful people of all eras. By order of the Russian Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, a silver bowl was made, in which there was a bezoar. The stone for the king was ordered by the Mstislavsky boyars from East India itself.

It was believed that if there was a suspicion of poisoning, a piece of bezoar stone should be dissolved in a pounded form in a goblet with a potion. This antidote has saved the lives of many lords. Napoleon Bonaparte, according to legend, received a bezoar as a gift from the Shah of Persia. He did not believe that the stone had healing power and threw it into the fire. Ironically, Napoleon was poisoned with arsenic. It is logical that if the French ruler would have gratefully accepted the gift of the Persian Shah, he would have been able to save his life.

A bezoar can help a person if they have problems with bladder and ureters. The stone facilitates difficult childbirth, in addition, the bezoar treats many childhood diseases.

The magical properties of the bezoar

Bezoar stone belongs to the category precious stones just because of their healing properties. AT ancient medicine he always held a place of honor.

It is believed that the bezoar is an effective component in rituals. love magic. There are many conspiracies and rituals to attract men with the help of a bezoar stone. For example, such magical ritual exists in India. Bezoar in this case is called "goro-chan":

“If a woman wants to have a husband and keep his love, she must moisten the goro-chan in the blood that appears every month and apply it to her forehead like a “tilak” (a sacred sign in Hinduism, which is applied with ashes, clay, sandalwood paste on the forehead and other parts of the body). As long as the man sees him, he will be at the mercy of the woman."

The Russian preacher and writer of the thirteenth century, Serpion, believed that a grated bezoar stone, weighing twelve barley grains, previously heated in wine, could heal any disease and ailment. Also, it is believed that the bezoar can protect a person from the plague. Bezoar stone is indicated for use by representatives of any signs of the zodiac.

- this is a foreign body that forms in the stomach when some substances are swallowed, natural or synthetic origin. Manifested by pain in the epigastrium, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, quickly emerging feeling of fullness when taking a small amount of food. Diagnosis is based on history, radiography of the stomach and gastroscopy. With calculi of soft consistency, patients are shown warm alkaline drink, usage enzymatic preparations. For foreign bodies medium density use endoscopic destruction and extraction of bezoars. In case of inefficiency conservative therapy carry out surgical removal stone.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the bezoar of the stomach causes significant difficulties. This is due to the lack specific symptoms and clinical manifestations on the initial stage illness. To confirm the diagnosis, the following examinations are necessary:

• Examination by a gastroenterologist. The specialist, based on the history of life, the course of the disease, and physical examination data, will give a preliminary conclusion and prescribe additional diagnostic procedures.
• Radiography of the stomach with contrast. Allows you to determine the filling defect of the oval or round shape with sharp edges.
• Fibrogastroduodenoscopy. The main diagnostic method with which you can determine not only the size and shape, but also suggest the origin of the bezoar. During the procedure, the endoscopist takes material to study the composition of the calculus.

For the diagnosis of the disease, an additional abdominal ultrasound. CT scan upper divisions The gastrointestinal tract allows you to determine the exact localization, the size of the bezoar. Laboratory tests uninformative, long course disease can cause anemia. main differential diagnosis bezoars are carried out with malignant and benign tumors of the stomach. In this case, endoscopic examination with biopsy helps to distinguish stones from neoplasms. Gastric stones are differentiated from swallowed foreign bodies. Great importance have a history and gastroscopy.

Treatment of stomach bezoar

Treatment of the disease depends on the type, consistency, composition of the calculus and concomitant pathology. With a small size, a gastric stone can come out on its own. conservative methods treatments are effective for bezoars of soft and medium consistency, more often of plant origin. Orally administered warm alkaline solutions based on soda mineral water, proteolytic enzymes. positive action renders light massage epigastric region. Patients are shown a sparing diet with restriction of fruits, meat and fatty foods. Calculi of low density are removed endoscopically. With the help of special tools, the stone is crushed and removed under the control of a gastroscope. At obsessive states, the use of inedible products is shown psychiatric consultation.

If therapy is ineffective, large and dense bezoars are prompt removal calculus. The operation consists of cutting the stomach gastrotomy) and removing the bezoar stone. Indication for surgical intervention are conditions caused by a complication of the disease ( intestinal obstruction, peritonitis).

Forecast and prevention

At timely diagnosis and removal of the bezoar of the stomach, the prognosis is favorable. conservative and surgery gives nice results, in 90% of cases occurs full recovery. Ignoring symptoms and late diagnosis can lead to a number of serious, sometimes fatal, complications. To prevent the development of a bezoar in persons with chronic diseases The gastrointestinal tract or those who have undergone surgery on the stomach are recommended to undergo a dispensary examination by a gastroenterologist once a year. Disease prevention refers to the control of mentally ill people, limited consumption rough food of plant and animal origin, refusal to use indigestible substances.