What does an increased number of platelets in a child’s blood mean? Low platelet count

Parents may be faced with a test result that shows that the baby has elevated platelets. A person without any experience in this area may panic. However, at the first stage it is necessary to establish the causes of the process and become familiar with all treatment options for the pathology. The number of these blood cells is associated with the health status of the small patient. Elements are also necessary for the process of restoration of the walls of the vascular system. Thanks to them, blood can quickly clot. A normal life for children occurs only if they sufficient quantity in organism. Platelets help the child grow and develop properly.

What is considered normal?

The platelet rate is determined by performing a general clinical analysis. Only a doctor can decipher it correctly. Additionally, it should be noted that the result is indicated per 1 cubic meter. mm.

An infant is characterized by a rapid growth process. Against this background, the blood vessels also enlarge. When analyzing the results obtained, the number of platelets in newborns should be taken into account depending on their age:

• The situation is considered normal when the number of these blood cells in an infant is in the range from 100 to 420 thousand.
• If the child is already 10 days old, then this indicator is fixed at a level from 150 to 350 thousand.
• The platelet count becomes constant when the child reaches two years of age. Their number is individual for each person, but should not exceed the limits of 180 to 320 thousand.

Parents should be aware that for infants the number of platelets in the blood should be less than 100-180 thousand. Otherwise, the baby may suffer from any sudden bleeding.

Additionally, it should be noted that during the analysis, the laboratory assistant also pays attention to the number of monocytes. These bodies develop when there is an infection, inflammation or any other chronic disease in the body.

Why might the platelet count be increased?

Elevated platelets in an infant are detected if the analysis shows their deviation from the norm by at least 20 units. Parents should not try to eliminate this negative manifestation on their own. Only a doctor can solve the problem. He will prescribe all the necessary diagnostic procedures. They are necessary to identify diseases in the baby’s body.

Pediatricians claim that platelets in the blood are elevated most often due to the negative impact of the following reasons:

• Hematological disease, which is congenital or acquired.
• The baby had previously been diagnosed with meningitis, pneumonia or hepatitis. The manifestation also accompanies cancer.
• The baby had a history of serious spinal injuries.
• The symptom develops during surgery.
• The baby was in a state of stress or excessive nervous tension.

The reasons directly influence the choice of further course of treatment. The platelet count should be determined for the first time when the child reaches three months of age. However, it is advisable to carry out the study much earlier if the child has pathological conditions.

You can find out your platelet count at any time. This factor directly affects the health and development of the infant. If you identify the ailment in time, you will be able to quickly and effectively get rid of it. serious consequences and transition of the disease to a chronic form.

The necessary indicators are determined based on a blood test

Thanks to timely diagnosis, colitis can be detected in a newborn in time. The disease causes a lot of trouble for the baby, so he is constantly capricious and crying.

Features of the manifestation of the pathological condition

High platelet counts disrupt the functioning of the child’s body.

In this case, parents may recognize the following symptoms:

• Periodic occurrence of bleeding from the nasal cavity.
• Parents will be able to see blood streaks in the child's stool.
• Systematic tingling or pain appears at the fingertips.
• On skin bruises appear. In this case, the obvious reasons for the process are completely absent.
• The baby's vision is deteriorating.
• The baby is constantly in a lethargic and apathetic state.

Increased platelets are very dangerous. If data is available negative manifestations It is recommended to immediately seek advice from your doctor. The situation requires immediate diagnosis and treatment, otherwise the risk of serious complications increases.

Thrombocytosis in medical practice divided into three types:

• In the clonal form, the child experiences damage to stem cells. The situation is also typical for oncology. The child has disorders in the body that lead to the spontaneous formation of red blood cells.
• The primary form of the disease is diagnosed if blood cells are formed spontaneously due to rapid growth and development of red bone marrow. During the diagnostic process, doctors are able to identify a large number of these cells that have significant mutations in terms of shape and size. The disease is most often congenital.
• The secondary form of the disease occurs against the background of the presence of crumbs of various diseases in the body. During the analysis, only minor deviations from the normal value will be detected. Most often, the situation develops against the background of inflammation or active manifestations of oncology, tuberculosis or cirrhosis.

Thrombocytopenia can be correctly selected only if timely diagnosis. A hematologist can determine the exact cause of the disease based on test results.

Features of treatment

High or low platelets are not considered normal. The doctor is required to promptly determine the cause of this negative state. Otherwise, the therapy will not give results, and the child’s blood will continue to thin out.

The most difficult thing to normalize the situation is if the child has few platelets. Opposite clinical picture much easier to adjust. At the first stage of treatment, it is important for the doctor to determine what type of thrombocytosis is: primary or secondary.
To eliminate the symptoms and manifestations of primary thrombocytosis, Myelosan, Myelobromol and other drugs that have a cytostatic effect on the body are used. Their composition normalizes the platelet count within a short time. Additionally, it is possible to restore general blood microcirculation.

Bananas make blood thicker

Medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid help get rid of secondary thrombocytosis. With its help, it is possible to thin the blood within a short time. Thanks to properly selected drugs, it is possible to bring the platelet count back to normal. It is advisable to use thrombocytapheresis only if this indicator in the child has already reached a critical level. The procedure involves the use of a special device that removes the necessary components from the blood.

Diet is important. If you are diagnosed with an increased number of platelets in the blood, you should not only take medications, but also start eating right.

Parents should mandatory adhere to a number of simple rules:

• The baby should drink as much as possible throughout the day more water. However, it cannot be replaced with carbonated drinks. The diet should contain natural fruit drinks and juices in sufficient quantities. The composition of sea buckthorn, cranberry and viburnum has a positive effect on the body. For improvement healing properties lemon is added to the drink, fish fat And olive oil. Thanks to this combination, it is possible to obtain the maximum therapeutic effect.
• Your baby's diet should not include fatty or fried foods. Negative Impact Spicy and smoked foods also have an effect on the body.
• Positive and healing effect benefits from eating large amounts of fruits and vegetables. It is best to buy red fruits. The total amount planned to be eaten during the day should be distributed evenly.
• If platelets deviate from the norm, you should eat as much celery and figs as possible.
• Regular consumption of plant foods in sufficient quantities helps to normalize a slight imbalance in food.

If the disease was detected in an infant, then the mother will need to eat a special diet. In this case, you need to exclude all red fruits from your diet. They are dangerous for a newborn, because they can lead to the development of allergies or diathesis. A negative picture in the baby’s body can also be due to mother’s milk. She must feed him only with her breast. Negative effects are recorded in the case of feeding on cow's milk.

A drug to normalize the number of platelets in the blood

Prevention of disease development

All doctors are confident that it is much easier to prevent a disease than to deal with its consequences later. The overall health of the baby directly depends on sleep, rest, and nutrition. Parents should make sure to provide him with all the necessary resources.

You can prevent an increase in platelets in the blood by following the following recommendations from your pediatrician:

• Fruits and vegetables should be present in the baby's diet every day. Mommy is obliged to buy only those of which she is completely confident in the quality.
• Bananas, nuts and pomegranates significantly increase blood viscosity. That is why they should be completely excluded from the diet for a while.
• The child should receive enough fluid every day. It is allowed to give him only clean water.
• Parents should establish a rest routine for their child. He must sleep at least 8 hours. It is best if he also rests for several hours during the day.
• Walks in the fresh air should be daily.
• Regular ventilation of the room is important. The procedure should be performed at any time of the year.
• Regular exercise helps improve your health.

An increased platelet count indicates a serious disorder in the child’s body. This symptom cannot be ignored. Only a qualified doctor can correctly determine the cause of the deviations. Parents must understand that the earlier treatment begins, the more likely achieve a positive effect within a short time. The task of any family is to raise healthy child. That is why it is important to strictly follow all doctor’s recommendations.

Hello again to everyone who visited my blog! I am glad to both regular readers and newcomers - everyone who is interested in the topic of development, education and health of our children! Today, my dears, I want to talk to you about a very serious topic, which can hardly be divided into safe and dangerous components, as has often happened before. I often tell you that you shouldn’t panic for any reason or without. Now I encourage you to do the same: keep a cool head, which will help you react adequately to what is happening, accept right decisions and not lose “orientation in space.” After all, today we will talk about a symptom that is almost always alarming (or even dangerous). Let's discuss the reasons why platelets may be elevated in a baby.

To begin with, of course, you need to know approximate guidelines in order to understand for sure when the indicators have already “overflowed their banks.”

Platelet norms

• - for a newborn baby, the presence in the blood of 100 to 420 thousand platelets per cubic millimeter is considered normal;
• - in the interval from 10 days to one year of age this is already 150-350 thousand;
• - after a year (now until the end of life) – 180-320 thousand.

Therefore, if your baby, for example, at 3 months is found to have a newborn normal, we can safely talk about such a deviation as thrombocytosis. It arises, in simple words, “in different ways”:

1. - with increased production of them in the body;
2. - in case of violation of the regulation of their number (destruction of unnecessary ones);
3. - with their uneven distribution in the blood.

Various factors can cause such changes, we will return to them later, but now let’s figure out what kind of attack this is and where it can come from.

What kind of “beast” is this?

And this “beast” is, in fact, very unpleasant, to say the least. It means your baby's blood is clotting too quickly. In this case, the blood begins to form blood clots in the vessels. There are several types of thrombocytosis:

• - clonal (with a defect in bone marrow stem cells, platelet formation occurs uncontrollably);
• - primary (occurs with hereditary or acquired blood diseases, the smear contains increased platelet sizes);
• - secondary, or symptomatic, reactive (develops for many reasons).

What causes secondary thrombocytosis?

It can occur in the following cases:

• - an inflammatory process when the body provokes increased production of platelets;
• - malignant tumors produce substances that stimulate large-scale platelet production;
• - removal of the spleen is a direct factor in the occurrence of thrombocytosis. At the same time, the mechanism for recycling excess platelets disappears, while new ones do not stop forming;
• - as a response, the body can respond by increasing the number of platelets to constant blood loss (with cirrhosis of the liver or intestinal ulcer).

Yes, girls, I want to draw your attention to the fact that a small percentage of exceptions do exist. Sometimes an increase in platelets can occur due to fairly safe factors:

• - when using certain drugs (corticosteroids, adrenaline, epinephrine or antibiotics);
• - emotional stress;
• - hypothermia.

Therefore, when taking platelet tests with your baby, take these factors into account; they may give a false result.

Therefore, if your baby has an increased number of platelets during the next examination, this is either a consequence of one of the above diseases that your little one has already been diagnosed with (you already know about their presence), or a reason to urgently find out where exactly the problem lies, and start treatment. Because, as you can see, most often this requires drug treatment(sometimes quite complex).

Looking for the source of the problem

Of course, the doctor will not be able to make an accurate diagnosis based on the platelet level alone, but he will have a direction in which to look for the root of the problem. He will prescribe several different examinations, tests, and ultrasound of internal organs.

Perhaps the pediatrician will send you for a consultation with a hematologist - a specialist in blood diseases, as well as a nephrologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist, infectious disease specialist - to understand exactly why platelet growth actually occurs.

In addition, as you understood from everything I said above, platelets can sometimes increase slightly without significant reasons - if the baby is hypothermic or very nervous. Therefore, let's learn how to properly take platelet tests.

• In small children, blood is usually taken from the heel or toe;
• The test is taken on an empty stomach, only drinking is allowed (for infants - no earlier than 2 hours after eating);
• It is necessary to exclude the “distorting” factors that I have already mentioned (cold, medications, strong emotions);
• For a more accurate picture, the analysis should be carried out at least 3-4 times with a break of several days.

Let's mobilize all our forces

But still, girls, if the platelet count is not significantly increased (by 100-200 thousand), this is most likely a percentage of error due to distorting circumstances. In this case, with several repetitions of the study, this value will gradually return to normal values.

So, if your baby’s platelets have jumped a little due to, say, bronchitis, don’t worry. Wait until the baby recovers and retake the test several more times “to be healthy.” But more significant numbers (600-800 thousand) are definitely a deviation that requires treatment.

But in this case, you shouldn’t despair: modern medicine He can do a lot, and sometimes he just works miracles. Your optimistic attitude and faith, love and care will also greatly contribute to this. Fight, don’t give up, use every opportunity to help the baby.

Be prepared for the fact that doctors will prescribe your fry treatment for the disease itself, and at the same time, treatment for the thrombocytosis caused by it. These will be drugs to thin the blood, reduce clotting, and improve microcirculation. Surely, you will be advised to take a fortified diet (possibly a course of age-related multivitamins).

There are some things you can do for your baby yourself to alleviate his condition. For example, provide him drinking plenty of fluids. If you have already introduced complementary foods. Eliminate bananas, mangoes and rose hips from your child’s diet; they contribute to blood thickening. And here tomato juice or beets, blood thinners, give more often (of course, provided that the child received them before, and these are not new products in his diet).

Finally, I would like to once again wish you sanity, strength and patience, my dears. And the most important thing, of course, is a favorable prognosis from the doctors and a positive outcome of treatment! Better yet, let the worries turn out to be unfounded!

As before, I urge you not to forget about my blog, look at its pages more often - there is always a new one helpful information. Likes on social networks are also welcome! Good luck in raising your kids! Let them be healthy! After all, the health of a child is the main happiness of his mother. Am I not right?

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Elevated platelets in the blood of a child

A blood test showed that the child’s platelets were elevated. What to do? What pathologies may such a deviation indicate? What treatment options does modern medicine offer? The number of platelets in a child’s blood is one of the most important indicators of health and overall well-being. These blood elements perform important role: participate in the restoration of the walls of blood vessels, help blood clot quickly, stop bleeding, allow the body to fully develop and function.

Normal indicators for a child

Since the child grows and develops rapidly, his body and blood vessels increase in size, the number of platelets at each age will be different:

1. A baby's platelets range within normal limits from 100 to 420 thousand.
2. For children from 10 days to a year, these figures will be in the range of 150-350 thousand.
3. Starting from the second year of life in children, the normal platelet count will be from 180 to 320 thousand.

Pediatricians devote a special place to blood tests and focus the attention of parents on the fact that the norm at any age should not be less than 100-180 thousand. In this case, the child may experience sudden bleeding.

A doctor examining a child's platelet blood test Special attention focuses not only on red blood cells, but also on monocytes. It is these indicators that allow him to suspect the development of an infectious, inflammatory, acute or chronic disease.

Factors that increase platelets

Elevated platelets in a child’s blood are indicators that differ from the norm by 20-30 units. You should not look for the cause of the deviation on your own; you should contact a specialist to carry out additional diagnostic procedures and identify diseases.

Pediatricians say that high platelets can be due to the following reasons:

• hereditary or acquired hematological diseases;
• development of meningitis, pneumonia, hepatitis in the body;
• development of oncology;
• received spinal injuries;

• previous surgical interventions;
• strong stressful situations, nervous tension.

The number of platelets in a child’s blood is first determined at three months of age. Parents can ask the doctor for an earlier test if their child has serious health problems.

By determining platelets in a baby, you can always control the correct physiological development child, to avoid the occurrence of serious diseases and their transition to a chronic form.

In many cases, it is this analysis that makes it possible to diagnose early stages colitis that bothers newborns causes them to constantly cry and worry.

Manifestations of platelets and types of thrombosis

An increased number of blood cells can be suspected by the symptoms that appear in children:

• systematic nosebleeds;
• the presence of blood streaks in the stool;
• tingling or pain in your fingertips;
• the appearance of bruises for no apparent reason;
• decreased visual acuity;
• lethargy, weakness, apathy.

If children have at least one of the listed symptoms, or it recurs with a certain frequency, then it is necessary to urgently contact a pediatrician for additional diagnostics. What does the increased PLT analysis indicate? It indicates serious deviations in the functioning of the body.

Today, doctors distinguish 3 types of thrombocytosis:

1. Clonal thrombocythemia. A lot of platelets indicates damage to bone marrow stem cells or cancer. The baby's indicators are greatly deviated from the norm, and the process of formation of red cells becomes uncontrollable.
2. Primary thrombocythemia. In this case high level platelet loss occurs due to uncontrolled proliferation of areas of red bone marrow. When diagnosing a child, doctors are faced with not only an increased number of blood cells, but also changed shapes and sizes. Primary thrombocythemia is most often congenital.
3. Secondary. It is caused by various diseases. Deviations in the indicators in this case will be insignificant. Having diagnosed secondary thrombocythemia, the doctor must examine the child for possible inflammatory processes, the initial stages of oncology, tuberculosis, chronic infections or cirrhosis of the liver.

Why is correct diagnosis important? Exact reason pathology is determined only after a bone marrow examination by a hematologist.

Treatment Options

If the level of platelets in the blood is elevated, the doctor first determines the cause of this condition. Any treatment will be aimed at eliminating the cause, and only then blood thinning will follow.

As practice shows, it is easier to return an elevated platelet level to normal than a reduced one. Also, to determine the treatment regimen, it is extremely important for the doctor to find out what kind of thrombocytosis the baby has - primary or secondary.

If primary thrombocytosis is diagnosed, the following medications are used:

• Myelosan;
• Myelobromol;
• medications with cytostatic effects.

They help normalize platelet counts, improving microcirculation of blood fluid.

At secondary thrombocytosis preparations based on acetylsalicylic acid are offered. They thin the blood and help reduce platelets in the child’s blood. If a child's platelets are elevated to critical levels, then plateletpheresis may be used. In this case, a special device is used that removes platelets from the bloodstream.

Diet is one of the main treatment options. If a child has elevated platelets in the blood, then doctors strongly recommend, along with drug therapy adjust nutrition.

Exceeding the norm can be corrected if you follow these rules:

1. The child should drink the maximum amount of liquid per day. It is strictly forbidden to give your baby carbonated drinks. Fruit drinks and juices made from the following berries perfectly thin the blood: sea buckthorn, cranberry, viburnum. If you add lemon juice, fish oil, flaxseed or olive oil to drinks, you can also get an excellent therapeutic effect.
2. Remove fried, fatty, spicy and smoked foods from your diet.
3. Introduce more fruits, berries, and vegetables into your diet. It is worth giving preference to red fruits and distributing them evenly throughout the day.
4. Introduce celery and figs into dishes.
5. If a child has a slight increase in platelets, then their number can be returned to normal by eliminating foods of plant origin.

If a newborn baby who is on breastfeeding, then the mother will have to follow the diet. From the list above, she should not eat red fruits; they can cause diathesis in the baby. Infant may also suffer from milk. If the norm is slightly exceeded, the mother should refuse fresh milk, especially cow's milk.

Preventive actions

Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat. Proper work The child’s entire body directly depends on the daily routine and nutrition that the parent provides for him.

To avoid a sudden increase in platelets in the blood, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Eat vegetables and fruits every day. They must be natural and environmentally friendly.
2. Limit consumption of bananas, nuts and pomegranates. They increase blood viscosity significantly.
3. Provide your baby with enough fluids. In addition to juices and compotes, the baby should have clean, filtered water throughout the day.
4. Monitor compliance with the daily routine. The child should have proper rest, sleep at least 8-10 hours at night and 1-2 hours during the day.
5. Every day you need to walk in the fresh air.
6. Ventilate the room at any time of the year and in any weather.
7. Engage in active sports.

Increased platelets in a child's blood are serious signal. A timely visit to a doctor will help diagnose the cause of the deviation. early stage and carry out treatment. Every parent should understand that a child’s illness is a test not only for a small organism. It is better to think through your baby’s day and diet in such a way that he grows strong and healthy.

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What does an increased number of platelets in a child’s blood mean?

The child's health must be monitored throughout his growing up. It is important to evaluate not only external signs general condition, but also to carry out regular analysis baby's blood. This study is recommended to be carried out at least once a year and allows timely detection of various abnormalities in blood plasma. What to do if platelets are elevated in a child. What does this mean, and what measures need to be taken?

Analysis and norms

How many platelets are in the blood plasma is determined during a clinical analysis. It is also called general research blood. The material is collected from the patient's finger. After this, the resulting blood is mixed with special reagents. The final stage of the study is to count the number of platelets using a magnifying device.

Before taking blood, you need to fulfill the standard requirements that are set for any analysis. You need to refrain from eating, exclude heavy physical exercise and stress. If the child is small, you can give him clean water. In infants, material is collected 2 hours after breastfeeding. Parents should try to calm their child before the test.

The number of platelets in a child’s blood must be constantly monitored; it is especially important to get tested if the baby is too tired, or you notice that his nose often bleeds or bruises appear. It should also be a reason to consult a doctor if your child has increased bleeding gums, suffers from dizziness, and has lost his appetite.

The plt standards for children are as follows:

When is the analysis performed?

For the first time, platelets in a baby are determined in the maternity hospital. This analysis is necessary in order to promptly identify or exclude the presence of congenital pathologies of internal organs. After this, a blood test is taken from the baby at 3 months, during preventive examination. Further according to the schedule, the analysis is carried out at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 6 years and at adolescence.

If the doctor has no reason to prescribe additional tests, this is often enough to monitor the baby’s health.

If the doctor orders additional tests, this may mean that the child is often sick or the doctor suspects some abnormalities, such as iron deficiency anemia, fungal diseases, disturbances in the functioning of internal organs, etc. The analysis is also prescribed to track the results of treatment, recovery in the postoperative period, etc. Today, a clinical blood test is a fairly informative study that allows us to identify any abnormalities in the body in the early stages. Diagnosis is of particular importance for children under one year of age, when an elevated platelet count carries a mortal danger.

Increasing performance

Why did my blood test show a lot of platelets? Elevated platelets in a child may indicate the development of thrombocytosis. This condition is dangerous due to the possibility of blood clots forming in vascular system. This pathology develops against the background of the following diseases:

• Erythrimia.
• Dysfunction of the spleen.
• Stress.
• Physical exercise.
• Infectious diseases.
• Fungal infections.
• Helminthic infestations.
• Lack of iron in the blood.
• Liver pathologies.
• Oncological diseases.

In addition, increased platelets in a child’s blood may be due to taking certain drugs, after extensive trauma or surgical treatment. Any deviation from the norm in the blood test, downward or upward, indicates a malfunction of the child’s body. It should be remembered that the baby’s age is the main factor for calculating the norms.

Symptoms of thrombocytosis

Thrombocytosis, what does it mean? The diagnosis of thrombocytosis is made to a child only when the number of platelets in the blood is several times higher than normal. Parents should carefully monitor the child's condition. High platelet counts may be suspected if the following symptoms are present:

• Frequent headaches.
• Enlarged spleen.
• Presence of blood clots.
• Numbness of the arms and legs with a characteristic tingling sensation.
• General weakness.
• Frequent dizziness.
• Itching of the skin.
• Disorders of the nervous system.
• Pain in the kidney area and difficulty urinating.

Also, in childhood, with an increase in plt in the blood test, nosebleeds, bleeding gums and unexplained bruises on the body are characteristic. All these manifestations indicate that the child has an imbalance of platelets in the blood, and an urgent need to consult a doctor.

Parents should remember that platelets in children play an important role in maintaining the health of the whole body.

Today, doctors distinguish three types of thrombocytosis - primary, secondary and clonal. Primary and clonal thrombocytosis develops against the background of bone marrow dysfunction. However, most often in medical practice a secondary form of thrombocytosis occurs in children. It develops against the background of infectious, fungal or viral diseases. Also contribute to its development frequent bleeding and injuries.

Elevated platelets in the blood are now successfully treated, which significantly reduces the development dangerous consequences. First of all, if the plt analysis shows an excess, you need to look for the reasons for the deviation. For this, the child may be prescribed additional examinations and consultation of narrow specialists, such as:

When plt increases in blood test little patient Additional tests need to be carried out, including:

1. Determination of iron and ferritin in serum.
2. Control of C-reactive protein and seromucoid group.
3. Blood coagulation test.
4. Ultrasound examination of internal organs.
5. Bone marrow analysis.

These studies and diagnostic procedures will help to identify the true cause of high plt in order to prescribe adequate and effective treatment. Before receiving the test results, the baby may be prescribed cytostatic drugs. In the case where plt in a blood test is increased tens of times, doctors can perform plateletpheresis to remove excess cells from the blood. Further treatment depends on the primary disease and the form of thrombocytosis.

Besides drug therapy The child definitely needs to adjust his diet. Foods such as bananas, walnuts, rose hips and mangoes can increase your platelet count. These products should be avoided on children's menus. Fresh berries, beets, and vegetable oil, tomato juice, compotes and fruit drinks. The diet should be prepared after consultation with a hematologist and nutritionist. An infant who has an increased platelet count should be fed mother's milk for as long as possible.

Children who are already one year old must include dairy products, seafood and red meat in their diet. You also need to ensure that your child eats enough vegetables and fruits. A balanced diet will help your baby develop fully and get rid of blood waste problems.

According to the observations of doctors, they encounter an increase in platelets in children most often in summer period. Summer is not only a time of relaxation, but also a period of spreading various infections. Also, in the summer months, the level of platelets in the blood can exceed the level of banal dehydration, which occurs from prolonged exposure to the sun or as a result of vomiting and diarrhea from infectious diseases. Support normal level platelets at this time will help with drinking plenty of fluids, eating vitamins and correct routine day.

Every parent should remember that careful monitoring of the child’s condition and timely consultation with a doctor will help identify any abnormalities at the earliest stages. Thrombocytosis in childhood poses a danger to the health of the baby, and therefore a blood test is necessary to assess the child’s condition. Any ailment of the baby should be a reason to consult a doctor; remember that the child’s health is your responsibility. Your actions determine how healthy your baby will be in adulthood.

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How to find out about health little man when he himself still does not know how to communicate with the outside world? The simplest and most effective way is to take his blood for analysis. This amazing substance is like a biological hospital record: it will tell you everything that is happening inside child's body. Among these informants will be platelets - blood cells that play a special role.

What are platelets?

The life of platelets is short (up to 10 days), but very responsible. Indeed, thanks to these cells, a person does not bleed when wounded, the wounds themselves do not remain forever, but heal, and besides, platelets help our body to firmly hold its defense against various viruses and bacteria.

Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and destroyed in the liver and spleen. This process is continuous - some cells are just being born, others are dying - so that at the same time in the human body there are young and old platelets, mature and already incapacitated. Therefore they quantitative composition in the blood is not constant - plus or minus 10% of the norm.

It would seem that if these are such important cells, then is it worth using such a concept as a norm in relation to them? Yes, you should: an excess of platelets is just as dangerous to health as a lack of them. The body must maintain a balance between newly formed cells and those that have already served their purpose. And pediatricians always check this balance with their young patients.

What is the normal platelet count in children?

The platelet count depends on many factors, and primarily on the age of the child and his physical condition at the time of the test. Since this indicator is “floating”, its regulatory boundaries are defined quite broadly.

Platelet norms in children of different ages:

In order to determine the number of platelets in a child’s blood, he needs to take general analysis blood. It is recommended to do this at least once a year in order to promptly detect deviations from the norm, which may indicate the presence of health problems.

If your platelet count is below normal

Thrombocytopenia is the name of a disease in which there is reduced level platelets. In children it can be provoked by the following reasons:

• heredity;
• oncology;
• anemia, which is caused by a lack of vitamins;
• toxoplasmosis;
• pathologies of the thyroid gland;
• allergies;
• past infectious diseases (for example, measles and rubella);
• taking medications, in particular antibiotics;
• prolonged bleeding.

Thrombocytopenia is recorded in every second premature baby. It can affect babies whose birth was accompanied by asphyxia, underweight children and those with weak immunity.

The following facts should cause caution among doctors and parents:

• In case of injuries, wounds do not heal for a very long time, it is difficult to stop the bleeding from cuts and abrasions;
• there are many bruises on the child’s body for no apparent reason;
• blood often flows from the nose;
• gums bleed.

This indicates very low blood clotting, which is caused by a lack of platelets.

If the cause of thrombocytopenia is serious illness, in which the platelet level is significantly reduced, then the child is shown additional diagnostics and subsequent treatment in a hospital setting. If there is a shortage blood cells is not critical, then it can be replenished independently.

If your platelet count is higher than normal

If the platelet count deviates from the norm towards an increase, then we're talking about about thrombocytosis - a phenomenon in which the blood becomes very thick and viscous. There may be several reasons for this. At the same time, they are divided into two groups – primary and secondary.

Thrombocytosis is called primary thrombocytosis, in which too many platelets in the blood are caused by pathological processes in the bone marrow, that is, where platelets are produced. Tumor degeneration of cells leads to their excessive formation.

Secondary thrombocytosis is noted as a consequence of various diseases. Thrombocytosis is most often caused by:

• liver and kidney diseases;
• oncological diseases;
• viral infections;
• tuberculosis or pneumonia;
• iron deficiency in the body;
• damage to internal organs or surgery;
• taking certain painkillers, antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• excessive physical activity.

A child’s body is constantly developing, which means it experiences physiological stress all the time. In such conditions, the chances of a threat of thrombocytosis are very high. It is a threat, since this disease is dangerous due to potential blockage of blood vessels by blood clots.

How to normalize platelet levels in the blood

If the excess or deficiency of platelets is not caused by critical reasons requiring urgent medical intervention, then the balance of these blood cells can be restored at home. Most effective method- create the right diet.

If there is a lack of platelets, foods rich in vitamins B, K and A, iron, folic acid and taurine will be useful. The list of the daily children's menu must include:

• buckwheat porridge;
• red meat and fish, prepared in any way;
• beef liver;
• hard cheese;
• legumes;
• eggs, especially yolks;
• apples;
• bananas;
• walnuts;
• vegetables and herbs, especially White cabbage, spinach, dill and asparagus.

Juices of chokeberry and pomegranate, decoctions of rosehip and nettle will be extremely useful for thrombocytopenia.

Products that thin the blood are contraindicated in case of platelet deficiency. This list includes:

• olive oil;
• some berries, in particular blueberries, raspberries;
• ginger;
• chocolate.

In case of thrombocytosis, that is, an excess of platelets, you should pay attention to foods rich in antioxidants, iodine and vitamin C, which, on the contrary, contribute to better blood thinning and prevent blood clots. So, on the dining table, at which a child sits with increased content platelets in the blood should be:

• tomatoes;
• olive or linseed oil;
• ginger;
• onion and garlic;
• figs;
• citrus;
• chocolate.

Among the drinks that will be useful are sea buckthorn and orange juice, green tea, cocoa. In general, if there is an excess of platelets, it is recommended to drink as much fluid as possible - this will help reduce the thickness of the blood.

You should be wary of:

• from fruits and berries - chokeberry, mango, pomegranate, bananas;
• from everyday food – carbohydrate and fatty foods, as well as animal fats.

Do not drink carbonated drinks under any circumstances.

Remember that proper nutrition is not a panacea if the cause of an imbalance of platelets in the child’s blood is due to some serious illness. You should not neglect the consultation and recommendations of your doctor. As for preventive measures, then Fresh air and physical education - this is what a child should become familiar with in order to have the maximum chance of healthy blood.

Small plates of blood, platelets, like erythrocytes and leukocytes are equal and no less significant elements of blood.

It is mandatory for a newborn, since the quality of coagulation depends on their quantity.

In the event of damage to any area, it first occurs among themselves, and then sticks to the site of damage to the vessel. The resulting blood clot stops bleeding.

Reduced platelet levels in the blood

Important: If in newborns the normal platelet count ranges from 100 to 420 thousand units/μl of blood, then as they grow older it fluctuates and from 10 days to a year it ranges from 150 to 350 thousand, and in one-year-olds and older it ranges from 180 to 320 thousand units/μl . (µl - 1 thousandth of 1 milliliter)

If the blood platelets are below the specified normal limits, then they speak of a disease, which can be primary or secondary.

Causes of primary thrombocytopenia:

1. The fetus and mother have platelet antigen incompatibility
2. The fetus and mother have blood type incompatibility
3. The child was born from a mother with lupus erythematosus

Causes of secondary thrombocytopenia:

1. Anemia
2. Administration of various drugs during resuscitation, for example, hormones, analgesics, antibiotics
3. Viral and infectious diseases of the respiratory system
4. Allergic reactions
5. Lack of vitamin B-9 (folic acid), responsible for the formation of blood cells, leading to insufficient production of platelets by bone marrow cells
6. Fetal prematurity, postmaturity
7. Acute birth asphyxia

All these children have a fairly high mortality rate. Infants with low body weight and those who have undergone the necessary intensive care are more often susceptible to this problem.

Possible consequences of low platelets

When the blood becomes liquid and does not clot well, even minor injuries cause bruises to appear on the child’s body.

Minor scratches bleed, not to mention cuts. There is always a danger of massive bleeding.

Parents should pay attention to the appearance of bleeding gums and causeless nosebleeds.

Particularly alarming factors are the coloration of urine pink color, vomiting blood and black stools.

Treatment

What to do with thrombocytopenia? This will be decided after the cause of this pathology is identified.

In the case of a secondary etiology of a decrease in the level of blood platelets, therapy is carried out for the identified diseases of the child.

At primary cause required bed rest, Treatment is long-term, perhaps several months. Feeding only donor milk.

Hormonal drugs and immunoglobulins are administered, and a donor platelet mass selected specifically for a particular child is transfused.

Ascorbic acid and rutin are shown, which strengthen the vascular wall. It is possible to remove the spleen, where “low-quality” blood platelets coming from the bone marrow are deposited.

If removal of the spleen does not bring the expected result, it is necessary to use a method of suppressing the patient’s immunity.

Such a decision is made, naturally, not from a good life, only as a last resort. Moreover, previously introduced hormones also suppress the immune system.

Vincristine and Cyclophosphamide are considered the drugs of choice. But even with careful selection of drugs, it is not possible to predict the result.

The treatment is long-term, three to five months. Possible complications- development of tumors, infectious diseases.

Sometimes plasmapheresis () is performed, when plasma with toxins is removed, and red blood cells are returned to the vascular bed.

If a child has elevated platelets in the blood, this indicates, first of all, an imbalance in hematopoiesis, when more PLT cells are produced than are consumed.

What leads to platelet overproduction and why might a child’s PLT cell test be elevated? The reasons for deviation of test results from the norm in children are predominantly physiological and temporary. High platelet counts in a child caused by bone marrow disease are, according to statistics, extremely rare.

Thrombocytosis in children

Platelets in a child’s blood are responsible for the efficiency of the coagulation system, which is manifested by the rapid stopping of bleeding through the formation of a dense blood clot. An increase in the number of blood platelets is accompanied by:

• nosebleeds;
• pale, cold skin;
• tingling, pain in the fingertips;
• skin itching;
• blurred vision;
• swelling of tissues;
• fast fatiguability.

If a child's platelet counts are higher than normal, this condition is called thrombocytosis. Excess of indicators for thrombocytosis, compared with the value upper limit age norm is more than *10 9 /l.

Normal values ​​for children are considered to be (*10 9 /l):

• in the first 2 weeks of life –;
• from 2 weeks to 10 months –;
• at the age of 10 months – 1 year –;
• from 2 years of age to 5 years20;
• from 5 years – to 10 years –;
• from 10 years to 15 years –;
• from 15 to 18 years old – 180 – 320.

In girls during menstruation from 14 to 18 years old - 75 - 220.

According to the origin of the increase in the content of blood platelets, thrombocytosis is distinguished:

• primary (essential) – caused by the accelerated production of blood platelets in the bone marrow;
• secondary or reactive - occurring when various diseases, taking medications, as a concomitant phenomenon of natural physiological processes.

Primary thrombocytosis

Increased blood platelets caused by bone marrow disease and impaired proliferation of stem cells in the bone marrow occur in children, e.g. initial stages polycythemia vera(erythremia). With this disease, the number of red blood cells, platelets and leukocytes increases.

Pathology is rarely detected in childhood, but erythremia in a child is more severe than in an adult. The disease is manifested by an increase in platelets, increased plasma viscosity, and the formation of blood clots.

The child's blood test shows a significant excess of platelet levels:

• PLT indicators are increased more than 6 times and amount to 0*10 9 /l;
• large platelets, as well as blood platelets with various structural defects, may be found in the smear;
• increased neutrophils with a shift to the left, i.e. with the appearance of young immature forms;
• sometimes eosinophils are slightly elevated;
• enlarged spleen.

Primary thrombocytosis is characterized chronic course. Without treatment, the platelet count constantly increases. With treatment, the prognosis is favorable.

Causes of secondary thrombocytosis

An increase in the level of blood platelets in children is observed in the following diseases:

• hematopoiesis due to iron deficiency;
  • hemolytic anemia;
  • large blood loss;
  • chemotherapy;
• removal of the spleen or part thereof, asplenia – congenital absence spleen or atrophy of this organ;
• inflammatory;
  • osteomyelitis;
  • sarcoidosis;
  • Kawasaki disease;
  • rheumatoid arthritis;
  • chronic hepatitis;
  • collagenosis;
  • scleroderma;
  • dermatomyositis;
  • hemorrhagic vasculitis;
  • pancreatitis;
  • enterocolitis;
• infectious;
  • bacterial – pneumonia, meningitis;
  • viral – diseases of the liver, digestive tract, encephalitis;
  • fungal – infection with Candida fungi, Aspergillus;
  • infection with worms;
• oncological;
  • neuroblastoma;
  • lymphomas;
  • hepatoblastoma;
• taking medications;
  • sympathomimetics;
  • corticosteroids, including inhaled ones;
  • antimitotics – anticancer drugs;
• injuries.

An increase in platelets in a child’s blood most often does not pose a threat to life and serves compensatory mechanism, promoting the restoration of affected organs after illness. The body produces more platelets, since blood platelets are necessary to restore the inner lining of damaged blood vessels and build new capillaries.

Increased production of PLT cells in children develops after an infectious disease. The cause of an increase in the content of blood platelets may be pneumonia, a cold, bronchitis, or osteomyelitis.

Drug-induced increase in platelets

A child may have a high platelet count if he or she is treated for many days with inhaled corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, for a cough or sinusitis.

Among side effects effects of some medications containing glucocorticosteroids, the possibility of increasing platelets is also detected. Corticosteroids dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone are included in complex drops for the common cold.

Bronchial asthma, allergies, allergic rhinitis, urticaria is treated with a sympathomimetic drug ( vasoconstrictor) ephedrine. Ephedrine is available in tablets, injections, and is also included in various medications prescribed to children for otitis media, cough, and runny nose.

This means that when a child’s blood was found to have elevated platelets, especially after a recent ARVI or otitis media, it is not necessary this violation speaks of a serious illness.

Increased test results may be due to side effects of medications. And this is another argument against self-appointment any medications and self-medication.

An increase in platelets caused by medication is a temporary physiological abnormality that does not require treatment and resolves on its own. But a doctor must prescribe medications, and the progress of treatment must be monitored by laboratory tests.

Increased platelets in children under one year of age

In newborns, platelets are increased compared to the norm in adults. And test results often frighten parents. But are elevated platelets in a child under one year always a sign congenital pathology or illness?

Dr. Komarovsky points out that the norms of PLT cells differ in children of different ages, and this suggests that before drawing a conclusion about a child’s illness when platelets are elevated, you should familiarize yourself with the interpretation of the analysis and the norms for their content in the blood.

In a child under one year old, platelets may be elevated due to a temporary physiological disorder caused by:

• previous respiratory or intestinal infection;
• surgical intervention;
• anemia of newborns;
• withdrawal syndrome at birth from a mother suffering from alcoholism or drug addiction.

An increase in the number of PLT cells in an infant may be caused by a violation of the drinking regime, passive smoking. Increased platelets in the blood acute stage iron deficiency anemia in infants born prematurely. The rise in platelets in premature babies with iron deficiency anemia can exceed 500*10 9 /l.

However, in babies under one year of age, increased thrombocytosis, in general, does not cause complications in the form of thrombosis or spontaneous bleeding - hemorrhages. Even when the platelets in the blood of an infant are elevated to 1300 * 10 9 / l, the body is able to independently compensate for the violation.

For a successful recovery, the child must be under medical supervision. You can learn about ways to reduce platelets on another page of the site.

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Elevated platelets in a child

Platelets are tiny blood cells that do not have a nucleus. They are produced by megakaryocytes - bone marrow cells. The main function of platelets is to ensure blood clotting, that is, they are elements that stop its flow.

Deviation of their quantity from permissible norm up or down is fraught with serious negative consequences.

For example, low coagulability can lead to death even if there is little tissue damage. But high levels of platelets are also dangerous to health.

What to do when a child’s platelets are elevated? The answer to this important question can be obtained by familiarizing yourself with the properties of this blood component and its effect on health.

Mechanism of action

It may seem strange that such tiny blood cells have such significant role for the life of the body. How does this happen?

The bottom line is this: platelets accumulate in large quantities where there is tissue damage accompanied by blood loss. Here they connect and collapse, forming a protective sphere in the form of a blood clot, which stops the bleeding.

In addition to performing this function, blood platelets provide nutrition to the protective layer of blood vessels - the endothelium.

Platelet rate

Detection of high platelets in a child’s blood does not make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis, but determines the direction of further actions in the examination.

Excess acceptable indicators indicates the presence of pathology. This is why it is so important to know the level of these elements.

In laboratory tests, platelet numbers are abbreviated as PLT (Platelets).

The number of blood cells changes with age, as is clearly demonstrated by the table that shows the acceptable normal values:

Digital indicators (in microliters - µl)

In a newborn baby

First week - month

From 1 to 6 months

In a child under one year old

A physiological feature is significant deviations from the norm in girls at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. These values ​​can be domcl.

Indicators for children under one year old

High platelet values ​​in the first years of life are explained by the intensive development of all organs and systems of the baby. Accordingly, the number of blood platelets that ensure normal blood clotting increases rapidly.

In an infant, the maximum values ​​are considered normal. The platelet count stabilizes from 3 to 8 years. The average platelet volume of 0000 µl remains until adulthood.

The need for timely examination

In order to regularly monitor the child’s health, on the recommendation of a pediatrician, it is necessary to systematically conduct a general blood test. This will make it possible to track all the processes occurring in the body.

Determining platelet levels is important component such an analysis.

Progress of the procedure

Blood for testing is taken from a vein or finger. In infants - from the vein on the leg, sometimes from the heel.

Although no preparation is required before the analysis, simple rules should still be followed:

1. Before the procedure, do not eat, you can drink.
2. For infants, blood is taken for analysis before feeding or 2-3 hours after it.
3. Eliminate emotional and physical stress.
4. Avoid hypothermia.
5. Warn your doctor about taking any medications.

All of these factors can affect the results. To get the most reliable indicators It is recommended to carry out blood tests 3 times at intervals of 2-3 days.

Blood sampling to determine platelet levels is carried out in a district clinic or specialized diagnostic center. Test results can be obtained within a few hours.

Alarm Signals

Particular concern should be given to:

• the appearance of bruises in the child;
• blood from the nose;
• bleeding gums.

You can’t ignore your child’s complaints about headache, lack of appetite, drowsiness.

Primary thrombosis is accompanied by an enlarged spleen, the formation of blood clots in the vessels, and bleeding in the digestive organs.

In this case it is observed:

• severe itching;
• painful sensations in the fingers and toes;
• high pulse;
• blood pressure surges;
• coldness in the extremities.

Such symptoms should not be ignored and require mandatory consultation with a doctor in order to identify the cause of this condition.

Indications for examination

The need for regular blood examinations arises if the following pathologies are observed:

• anemia caused by a lack of iron in the child’s body;
• viral and bacterial infections;
• autoimmune diseases;
• oncological blood pathologies;
• diseases of the spleen.

In the presence of such pathologies, examination should be carried out strictly according to the doctor’s recommendation. In other cases, for preventive purposes - once a year. Timely detection of deviations from the norm will be a prerequisite for preventing serious consequences.

Reasons for violations

In most cases in childhood (including infancy), the main cause is the following pathological conditions:

1. Significant excess of production of flat blood cells by the bone marrow. This is erythremia.
2. Disturbance in the process of utilization of blood platelets, observed after removal of the spleen.
3. Redistribution of platelets in the bloodstream. Appears as a result emotional stress, depressive state.

The diagnosis of “thrombocytosis” is made when there are significant deviations from the norm: lower and higher levels. Temporary changes in indicators after ARVI and other colds are corrected during an adequate course of treatment.

Types of thrombocytosis

Identification of the root cause of high platelet counts is only possible based on the results of a thorough blood study followed by examination of the patient using instrumental devices.

A complex disease, which is accompanied by an increase in platelet levels in the blood, has two etiological forms. They develop as a result of a number of factors:

1. Primary thrombocytosis. This is a hereditary disease. Less commonly, it develops against the background of myeloid leukemia and erythremia.
2. Secondary thrombocytosis. The provocateur of this type of pathology is viral and bacterial infections: hepatitis, pneumonia, toxoplasmosis and even ARVI. Any inflammation caused by infection is accompanied by a significant increase in platelets.
3. In the blood test, in addition to the cases described, a high level of blood cells is detected after surgical intervention. Most often after removal of the spleen.

The child's stress or physical fatigue becomes a prerequisite for increasing platelets.

Treatment

Main focus therapeutic treatment blood thinning measures are taken. This is explained by the fact that when platelets in children are significantly elevated, this is accompanied by thickening of this biological fluid.

Methods such as taking medications and following a diet that includes eating foods that help normalize the level of flat blood cells are used.

This takes into account the fact that blood thinning alone cannot eliminate the root cause that contributes to the increase in indicators.

Drug therapy

Depending on the type of pathology, an individual course is selected for young patients:

1. In the treatment of primary thrombocytosis, Myelosan and Myelobromol from the group of cytostatics are prescribed.
2. Complex forms of the disease require platelet elimination using a special procedure - plateletpheresis.
3. In order to prevent the possibility of blood cells sticking together, drugs are used to improve blood microcirculation - Aspirin, Trental. Prescription of Aspirin is allowed only in the absence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Detection of blood clots or symptoms of ischemia suggests the appointment of Bivalirudin, Argotoban and Heparin. In this case, the platelet count is examined daily.
5. Treatment of secondary thrombocytosis necessarily involves eliminating the pathology that was the root cause of the excess of normal values. This prevents the formation of blood clots.

Increased blood cell values ​​return to normal after the underlying disease is eliminated.

If there are hematopoietic defects, you cannot do without the use of special drugs that help thin the blood and lower the number of platelets. But they should be taken strictly as prescribed by a doctor - pediatrician or hematologist, observing the recommended dosage.

The role of nutrition

In addition to treatment medications, it is recommended to pay special attention to the use of products in the child’s menu that help reduce high platelet counts.

It is advisable to provide feeding for a child up to one year old breast milk, but at the same time the mother needs to reconsider her diet, enrich it with vitamins and essential microelements.

For older children, in order to consolidate the effect of using medications, it is necessary to introduce into the menu products that have the property of thinning the blood.

Most beneficial influence the level of platelets in the blood is affected by consumption following products power supply:

• red beets;
• lemon juice with pulp and chopped zest;
• cranberry and sea buckthorn fresh juice;
• seafood;
• pomegranates;
• garlic;
• dairy products - sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir.

Also, the use of grape juice, red meat. Required component balanced nutrition should be fish oil and flaxseed oil.

Drinking sufficient fluids also has a beneficial effect on platelet levels and prevents blood clotting. In addition to simple boiled water, the child is offered compote, vegetable decoction, green tea.

Possible consequences

The greatest danger is the possibility of blood clots. They can clog the lumen of the vessel. As a result, edema, vascular stenosis, coronary artery disease, thromboembolism, and heart attack appear. This is fraught with a threat not only to the health, but also to the life of the child.

Prevention of thrombocytosis, in addition to proper nutrition, includes timely contact with specialists when alarming symptoms appear.

It is also important thorough examination not only in case of discovery increased indicators, but also for preventive purposes twice a year.

Attentive attention to well-being, following the doctor’s instructions, and following recommendations on proper nutrition are the key to a child’s good health.

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Increased platelets in a child’s blood – why and what to do?

Platelets are the smallest blood cells that do not contain nuclei in the form of blood platelets, which are responsible for the process of blood clotting, i.e., for stopping bleeding that occurs. These plates essentially provide the liquid state of the blood and participate in the formation of clots called thrombi.

Platelets are produced by special cells in the red bone marrow (megakaryocytes). Platelets are short-lived cells: they live only up to 10 days, and then are destroyed in the spleen and liver. Instead of the “old” destroyed blood platelets (also called platelets), new ones are formed. This process is continuous. Why platelet counts in a child’s blood may be elevated and what to do in this case, we will discuss in this article.

Normal platelet counts in children

The number of platelets is determined in a general clinical blood test in terms of 1 cubic millimeter. The number of blood platelets is important indicator health, because it characterizes the child’s body’s ability to cope with bleeding and assess blood clotting.

Depending on the age of the child, the number of platelets varies:

• for a newborn, their normal content is from 100 thousand to 420 thousand;
• at the age of 10 days to a year, the norm is already 150–350 thousand;
• in children after a year, platelets are normally 180–320 thousand;
• in adolescence in girls in the first days menstrual bleeding platelet count is 75–220 thousand.

An increased number of platelets in the peripheral blood is called thrombocytosis or thrombocythemia, and a decrease in their number is called thrombocytopenia. In the first case, a deviation from the norm may indicate the possibility of increased thrombus formation, and in the second, it may indicate bleeding. In both cases, the relationship between the formation of new platelets and their destruction is disrupted.

The platelet count is determined by testing blood from a finger or a vein. In newborns, blood is usually taken from a toe or heel. This study does not require special preparation. Blood should be donated on an empty stomach (you can give the child something to drink). In young children, the sample is taken before the next feeding or 2 hours after the previous feeding.

Before taking the test, it is undesirable for the child to have physical and emotional stress. Even hypothermia can show distorted analysis results. The use of certain medications (corticosteroids, antibiotics) can also change the number of blood platelets. To ensure the authenticity of the detected increase in platelet count, it is recommended to take a blood test three times with intervals of 3-5 days.

The result of the blood test is ready on the same day (in some cases, the analysis is performed urgently in a shorter period of time). Platelet counting in a blood test is done quite often for children, especially for those who often have nosebleeds, often have hematomas (bruises) on the body, and bleeding gums. Parents may be alerted to the child’s complaints of weakness and dizziness, and frequent numbness in the limbs.

Indications for platelet counting are the following diseases:

Causes of thrombocytosis

Thrombocytosis can be caused by:

• increased production of blood platelets by megakaryocytes of the red bone marrow (with erythremia);
• slow platelet utilization (when the spleen is removed);
• disturbance of the distribution of platelets in the bloodstream (due to physical or mental stress).

When an elevated platelet count is detected, it is very important to determine the cause of this condition. Only a pediatrician or hematologist (a specialist in blood diseases) can identify this cause.

Thrombocytosis as a disease can develop in children at any age. But such a diagnosis is made with a significant increase in the number of platelets - more than 800 thousand/l. More often, a mild increase in the number of blood platelets occurs due to a number of reasons or in a number of diseases.

With clonal thrombocythemia, there is a defect in the stem cells themselves in the bone marrow (damage to them tumor process). They do not respond to stimulation of the process by the endocrine system, and the process of platelet formation becomes uncontrollable.

A similar mechanism is observed in primary thrombocythemia. It is associated with the proliferation of several areas of the red bone marrow and, as a consequence, with an increase in the number of newly formed blood platelets. The causes of this condition can be hereditary (congenital) diseases or acquired (myeloid leukemia, erythremia).

In primary thrombocytosis, the number of blood platelets can vary: from a slight increase to several million in 1 μl, but more characteristic are high performance. In addition, their morphology also changes: platelets of enormous size and altered shape are found in the blood smear.

The mechanism of development of secondary thrombocytosis can be different:

• when the spleen is removed, old or obsolete platelets do not have time to destroy, and new ones continue to form; in addition, the spleen produces antiplatelet antibodies and a humoral factor that inhibits platelet production;
• at inflammatory process the body intensively produces a hormone (thrombopoietin), which promotes the maturation of blood platelets, which help cope with inflammation; biologically active substances(eg, interleukin-6) are anti-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate platelet synthesis;
• at malignant diseases the tumor produces biologically active substances that have a stimulating effect on bone marrow megakaryocytes and the production of blood platelets; this is more often observed in lung sarcoma, kidney hypernephroma, lymphogranulomatosis;
• thrombocytosis also develops as a response of the body to repeated blood loss (with ulcerative lesion intestines, with cirrhosis of the liver),

Secondary thrombocythemia (symptomatic or reactive) can develop in a number of diseases:

Secondary thrombocytosis is characterized by a less pronounced increase in the number of platelets: in very rare cases, their number exceeds a million in 1 μl. The morphology and function of blood platelets are not impaired.

In any case, detected thrombocytosis requires full examination and finding out the cause of its occurrence.

In addition to diseases, it can also be caused by side effects of medications (Vincristine, epinephrine, adrenaline, corticosteroids, etc.). There are no specific symptoms of thrombocytosis.

When an increased platelet count is initially detected, the following studies must be performed:

• determination of serum iron and serum ferritin;
• determination of C-reactive protein and seromucoids;
• blood coagulation analysis;
• Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity and small pelvis;
• if necessary, consult a hematologist;
• bone marrow examination (only as prescribed by a hematologist).

Symptoms of thrombocytosis

With primary thrombocytosis, the size of the spleen is increased, blood clots can form different localization, but bleeding may also occur in the digestive organs. Blood clots can also form in large vessels(veins and arteries). These changes contribute to the development of prolonged hypoxia or ischemia, which is manifested by severe itching and pain in the fingertips, and gangrene of the fingers may even develop. Hypoxia of tissues and organs leads to disruption of their function: disorders of the central nervous system and kidneys may be observed.

Clinical manifestations are caused by the underlying disease, the symptom of which is thrombocytosis.

Children, as noted above, may experience frequent nose and gum bleeding, bruises on the body with the slightest injury or even without apparent reason. May develop vegetative-vascular dystonia(oscillations blood pressure, headaches, cold extremities, increased heart rate), iron deficiency anemia.

Reactive thrombocytosis is clinically mild and may be asymptomatic.

Treatment

To treat primary thrombocytosis, the cytostatics Myelobromol, Myelosan and others are used for a long time until results are obtained.

In severe cases, in addition to cytostatics, thrombocytopheresis is used (removal of platelets from the bloodstream using special equipment).

Drugs that improve microcirculation and prevent the adhesion of blood platelets (Trental, aspirin, etc.) are also used. Aspirin can be used only if erosive changes in the digestive tract are excluded.

For clonal thrombocytosis, antiplatelet agents (Ticlopidine or Clobidogrel) are used in individual dosages.

In case of thrombosis or ischemic manifestations, anticoagulants (Heparin, Argotoban, Livarudin, Bivalirudin) are used under daily laboratory monitoring of platelet counts.

For secondary thrombocytosis, treatment includes therapy of the underlying disease and prevention of thrombosis associated with an increased platelet count. As a rule, reactive thrombocytosis does not lead to thrombohemorrhagic complications and therefore does not require special therapy. The prognosis is usually favorable.

In addition to drug treatment for thrombocytosis, it is important to provide the child with a balanced, balanced diet, rich in vitamins(especially group B). Breastfeeding is the most beneficial for infants.

• rich in iodine (seafood, nuts);
• rich in calcium (dairy products);
• iron-rich (offal and red meat);
• freshly squeezed juices (pomegranate, lemon, lingonberry, orange), diluted with water 1:1.

The following have a thinning effect on the blood: berries (cranberries, sea buckthorn, viburnum), lemons, ginger, beets, fish oil, flaxseed and olive oil, tomato juice and a number of other products.

It is very important to drink enough fluid (at the rate of 30 ml/kg). In addition to water, you should drink green tea, compotes and vegetable decoctions.

Bananas, mangoes, rose hips, and walnuts contribute to blood thickening.

Herbal medicine should not be used without the consent of a hematologist - after all, herbs are quite serious drugs and, if chosen incorrectly, can significantly aggravate the child’s condition.

Summary for parents

Close monitoring of the child's health, timely examination will help diagnose any disease in the early stages, including thrombocytosis. When the number of platelets in the baby’s blood increases, it is important to determine the cause of its appearance. An updated diagnosis will help the doctor decide on the need for treatment and prescribe the necessary medications.

Which doctor should I contact?

If a child has an increased level of platelets in the blood, it is necessary to contact a pediatrician, and then initial examination- see a hematologist. If thrombocytosis is secondary, it is necessary to treat the disease that caused this syndrome with appropriate profile specialist- oncologist, infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist, traumatologist, nephrologist. It will also be useful to consult a nutritionist to select the right diet for thrombocytosis.

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