How is retinal dystrophy treated? Macular degeneration "wet form"
– the inner sensitive membrane of the eye. Its main function is the transformation of a light stimulus into a nerve signal and its primary processing. Retinal degeneration is a disease that impairs the basic function of visual analyzer and in some cases leads to blindness.
Classification of peripheral retinal degeneration
Depending on the nature and localization of changes in the retina, several types of it are distinguished peripheral degeneration.Depending on the changes in the fundus there are the following types peripheral degenerative changes in the retina:
- Microcystic: also called Blesing-Ivanov retinal degeneration. The disease affects middle-aged people, but also occurs in children. The lesion is located at the edge of the dentate line, that is, along the periphery of the visual area. It is complicated by retinal tears, leading to its gradual retina. Upon examination, multiple red dots are noted on the pale background of the fundus.
- Cobblestone type: This is a less dangerous condition, which is accompanied by the formation of spots devoid of pigment closer to the edge of the fundus. This pathology rarely leads to detachment, usually occurs in elderly people, has a benign course, but requires regular monitoring by an ophthalmologist.
- Lattice: a limited process of thinning and fibrosis of the retina with obliteration (collapse) of its vessels. The pathology occurs in 65% of patients and most often leads to blindness.
- According to the type of cochlear mark: a white stripe forms on the fundus of the eye, caused by micro-tears of the retina; usually observed with high degrees of myopia.
- Palisade: a type of lattice, looks like several white stripes.
- Frost-like: this hereditary pathology, accompanied by the formation of retina multiple light spots, similar to snow flakes.
- Retinoschisis: a hereditary pathology accompanied by local detachment and degeneration of the retina due to the formation of large cystic formations. The course of the disease is asymptomatic.
Causes of pathology and its manifestations
Peripheral retinal degeneration can occur for a number of reasons:
- myopia (especially high degree);
- (farsightedness);
- , Stickler;
- previous inflammatory eye diseases;
- injury eyeball;
- oncological diseases;
- heavy;
- hereditary pathology.
According to statistics, peripheral retinal degenerations develop in people with myopia in 30-40% of cases, with farsightedness in 6-8% of cases, and in people with normal vision in 2-5%. The disease can occur in all age groups, including children. Acting hereditary factor– pathology is more common in men (68% of cases).
Patients with peripheral retinal degeneration may not have any complaints. In other cases they are concerned about:
- flashes in the form of lightning;
- spots before the eyes;
- loss of visual field;
- reducing its severity.
Diagnosis of retinal degeneration
To determine the type and cause of pathology, ophthalmologists use the following research methods:
- determination of visual acuity with correction – moderate and high myopia is more often determined;
- (determination of the visual field) – there is a loss of the visual field, which corresponds to the zone of degeneration;
- – measurement of intraocular pressure. No changes are observed. In rare cases, there is an increase in intraocular pressure after surgical treatment;
- EPI – electrophysiological examination of the eye, a method for studying retinal function;
- – may be normal. Occasionally there are signs of chronic uveitis, hemorrhage in vitreous. The presence of these signs requires additional treatment;
- examination of the fundus in case of drug-induced mydriasis (pupil dilation) using a Goldmann lens.
When examining the fundus of the eye, the doctor detects the following changes:
- lattice degeneration - a network of thin white stripes, sometimes they can resemble snowflakes;
- cystic degeneration - multiple round or oval bright red formations that can merge;
- retinoschisis - the retina becomes grayish-white in color, has the appearance of small cystic dystrophy, which can progress into giant cysts, and breaks appear;
- chorioretinal atrophy has the appearance of atrophic foci with a pigmented border, which can merge;
- dystrophy of the type of snail track - whitish, somewhat shiny holey defects that merge and become similar to the track of a snail;
- cobblestone dystrophy - white ring defects that have an oblong shape.
Treatment of peripheral degeneration
At high risk retinal detachment is treated with laser coagulation. For this disease, doctors use a variety of treatment methods:
- spectacle or contact correction which is carried out to improve the patient’s quality of life;
- laser coagulation of the retina;
- drug treatment.
Laser coagulation the retina is carried out to prevent retinal detachment in patients with increased risk development of such a complication. Risk factors, and therefore indications for laser coagulation, include:
- the presence of retinal detachment in the fellow eye;
- cases of retinal detachment in the family;
- aphakia or pseudophakia (absence of a lens or its implant);
- high myopia;
- the presence of systemic diseases (Marfan syndrome, Stickler syndrome);
- progressive course of degeneration;
- formation of retinal cysts.
In other cases preventive maintenance laser photocoagulation is not required. The procedure is carried out in outpatient setting, after treatment, limit physical activity for 7 days.
Drug treatment is carried out to improve nutrition and condition of the retina. The following drugs are used:
- Antioxidants – methylethylpyridinol (emoxipine eye drops) 1 drop 3 times a day into the conjunctival sac for 1 month, repeat course after 3 months; trimetazidine (preductal) 1 tablet orally with meals 2 times a day.
- Means that improve metabolism in the retina - vitamins A, E, C, group B, minerals (zinc, copper) in multivitamin complexes, 1 tablet 1 time per day after breakfast. The course of treatment is up to 6 months. Mildronate 1 tablet 2 times a day, course from 4-6 weeks. Repeat course 2-3 times a year.
- Antiplatelet agents – pentoxifylline (trental) 1 tablet 3 times a day, taken for up to 2 months; acetylsalicylic acid (thrombo ass) orally after meals in the morning, long-term use.
- Drugs that improve the condition vascular wall– ginkgo biloba extracts (tanakan) 1 tablet 3 times a day, with meals; blueberry preparations, 1 tablet 1 time per day, course of treatment from 1 to 3 months.
Patients with peripheral retinal degeneration should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting, as this is a risk factor for developing retinal detachment. Sometimes it is necessary to change the nature and place of work. Patients are monitored by an ophthalmologist for fundus examinations every six months. After laser photocoagulation of the retina, patients are unable to work for 2 weeks. With proper and timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Ophthalmologist N. G. Rozhkova talks about peripheral retinal dystrophy.
Retinal degeneration is a general name for pathological processes characterized by progressive visual impairment. Similar diseases– the main causes of blindness. The risk group includes people with pathologies of cardio-vascular system, diabetes mellitus, excess weight. Provoking factors include smoking, ultraviolet radiation, poor nutrition, infectious diseases and long-term stress.
Central retinal degeneration
Pathologies of this group are main reason irreversible vision loss. In most cases, macular degeneration of the retina is diagnosed. caused by the aging process of the body. The macula is affected - the central part of the fundus of the eye, which is responsible for resolution, allowing small details to be seen.
Accordingly, with macular degeneration, objective vision deteriorates. Even with severe forms of this disease, blindness does not occur, which is associated with the preservation of peripheral areas. Thanks to them, the patient can navigate in a familiar space.
However, when long term The disease age-related macular degeneration of the retina is characterized by a person’s inability to read.
There are 2 forms of pathology: dry and wet. Both of them develop in elderly and senile people. The pathological process affects both eyes. The form and stage of the pathology determine the rate at which vision weakens.
Due to blockage of the fundus vessels, cell breakdown products accumulate in the tissues. They form small compactions, contributing to the development of dry macular degeneration. This is a common form of the disease, found in 90% of cases.
Slow development provides a relatively good prognosis.
Age-related retinal degeneration associated with the appearance of new vessels is considered wet. A liquid called exudate leaks through the walls of the capillaries. This disease almost always leads to rapid loss of vision. Characterized by rapid development, in which a detailed clinical picture appears after a few days. If treated incorrectly, absolute blindness can occur. Only an experienced ophthalmologist can distinguish one form of AMD from another.
Sometimes diagnosing a disease can be complicated by the fact that its symptoms are similar to those of other eye problems.
If you notice signs such as double vision, narrowing of the field of vision, distortion of the image and spots before the eyes, you should consult an ophthalmologist.
The changes that occur with age-related degeneration are considered irreversible. Treatment helps prevent further development pathological process. In the early stages they are used medications, strengthening the walls of blood vessels, anticoagulants, vitamins. Well conservative therapy repeated annually. Treatment of advanced forms is carried out surgically.
Modern therapeutic methods are: retinal photostimulation, laser exposure, vasoreconstructive operations.
To eliminate wet forms of macular degeneration, they resort to the use of laser coagulation and angiogenesis inhibitors. A powerful beam of light is directed to the areas of the eyeball affected by the disease. Thanks to this, the dilated vessels are sealed, which protects them from further accumulation of fluid. The operation does not bring any pain.
The essence of peripheral retinal degeneration
This part of the fundus is examined in the usual way, however, it is she who is often struck dystrophic changes. Peripheral retinal degeneration is characterized by thinning of the affected areas. There are several forms of the disease, differing in the risk of detachment. Lattice degeneration is considered the most dangerous pathology in terms of vision loss. In most cases, both eyes are affected.
The first signs of the disease are found in adolescence, after which it begins to progress. Lattice dystrophy of the eye leads to retinal detachment in about a third of cases. Main diagnostic sign The disease is the formation of cells from white stripes. This is what the vessels on the retina look like when they are blocked. In addition, the appearance of reddish areas of thinning, cysts and ruptures is noted.
Next form PDS is detected as myopia progresses. The development of the disease is facilitated by vascular damage. Examination of the fundus reveals light lines combined with perforated defects. This form of pathology is called a snail track.
Foci of degeneration form ribbon-like areas. It is retinal breaks that become the main cause of retinal detachment.
Frost-like dystrophy - genetic disease. Pathological changes They are symmetrical in nature and characterized by slow development. In the extreme areas of the fundus, light inclusions appear, reminiscent of snow flakes, which protrude on the surface. Their appearance is combined with obliteration and thickening of blood vessels. Sometimes on the periphery there is an appearance age spots. The disease develops slowly.
The “cobblestone pavement” group of retinal dystrophies is distinguished by the formation of individual round lesions with an uneven surface, near which small pigment inclusions are found.
The pathological process most often affects the retina in its lower part. Peripheral cystic dystrophy is characterized by the appearance of small cavities located at the very edge of the fundus.
It is predicted quite favorably as one of the signs of aging of the body. The risk of retinal detachment is estimated at 5%.
Peripheral dystrophy is usually formed against the background of myopia or farsightedness. Less commonly, such diseases are found in people with normal vision.
The main causes of peripheral degeneration are considered: atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, eye injuries, genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, body intoxication, age-related changes, infections. PDS can be detected in a person of any age. Its main danger is its asymptomatic course. initial stage.
Treatment of retinal detachment is complex, so special attention must be paid to its prevention. Once degenerative changes are identified, the doctor may choose observational tactics or laser surgery. This allows you to separate affected areas from healthy ones and prevent the spread of detachment.
Other forms of dystrophy
Retinal pigmentary degeneration is considered a rare type of disease with genetic nature. Predominantly found in men. It is characterized by a slight deterioration in vision - only in the evening and at night. As the disease progresses, it turns tubular. Retinal pigmentary degeneration is complicated by the presence of secondary glaucoma, lens opacities, and polar cataracts. If the disease is neglected, vision decreases sharply.
Treatment of pigmentary abiotrophy is not always effective. The prognosis is often unfavorable. Therapy should be started by reducing eye strain and taking vitamins. The main method of therapy is vasodilating drugs and biogenic stimulants. Sometimes it is necessary to resort to surgery.
Source: http://1lustiness.ru/polza-i-vred-produktov/poleznaya-eda/7469-degeneratsiya-setchatki-glaza
Retinal degeneration
Retinal degeneration consists of dystrophic changes and gradual death of its cells, which causes a gradual decrease in vision.
These changes may be of hereditary origin, but they may also be acquired.
Often, retinal dystrophies are one of the first symptoms of certain systemic diseases, including endocrine pathologies, metabolic disorders, mitochondrial diseases.
Let's look at some of them.
Causes of retinal degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration is the first and main cause of painless and gradual, bilateral deterioration of vision, which is typical for the elderly.
Usually in this case, in the area of the macula under the retina, certain substances are deposited, which leads to the occurrence of foci of detachment and atrophy of the pigment epithelium. As a result, the function of photoreceptors is impaired, which clearly leads to deterioration of vision.
This manifests itself in a sharp decrease in visual acuity, loss of areas of vision and fog before the eyes. So far, no methods have been developed that can stop the development of macular degeneration that occurs with age.
Despite the active production of sets of microelements (zinc, copper, selenium) and vitamins (A, C, E), there is no reliable data on their effectiveness. There is another form of age-related degeneration, which is less common. It is caused by the proliferation of blood vessels under the retina in the area of the macula, which lift the retina, causing visual distortions and blurred vision. To cure this pathology, laser coagulation is used, but relapses cannot be avoided.
A type of retinal disease such as central serous choriopathy It primarily affects men between twenty and fifty years of age.
The disease is characterized by the accumulation of vascular effusion under the retina, which provokes the appearance of small foci of retinal detachment, and vision naturally becomes worse, and if the macula is involved in the process, then visual distortions are inevitable. Sometimes in such a condition it is effective to use laser coagulation.
Diabetic retinopathy, in turn, is a complication of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by damage to the small vessels that nourish the retina. The best recommendation here is correct mode life of a diabetic, control of sugar and blood pressure. Preventive effects Panretinal laser coagulation can be used against the development of diabetic retinal damage.
There is also hereditary retinal dystrophies, which can make themselves felt from the first months of life, but can also develop rather slowly.
At the same time, complaints begin about deterioration of twilight vision and photophobia, and there is a possibility of flashes appearing before the eyes.
In some cases, objects appear distorted, which leads to the fact that patients cannot move freely along the stairs, which is more pronounced in poor lighting, as well as when crossing the street.
TO pigmentary dystrophy include a group of hereditary dystrophies that are more common than others. Here there is an uneven deposition of pigment on the periphery of the retina, the so-called “bone bodies”. In this case, both eyes are affected.
Over time, the number of “bone bodies” increases until they merge, and the lesions spread across the retina, approaching the center of the fundus.
The disease can develop in childhood, although the first symptoms may appear only in the second half of life, usually in the form of impaired twilight vision, which is popularly called “ night blindness”, when a person has difficulty oriented in poor lighting and at dusk.
As the disease progresses, acuity gradually decreases and the field of vision narrows, and this degradation ends in blindness by the age of forty to sixty years. They have not yet learned how to treat this disease, but, trying to save the situation, doctors prescribe drugs to improve nutrition and blood supply to the retina and optic nerve.
Treatment of retinal dystrophy
One of the treatment methods for the wet form of age-related macular degeneration is photodynamic therapy. This method is not used for dry age-related retinal degeneration.
Macular degeneration (age-related macular degeneration, or degeneration, AMD) is a disease in which there is damage to the central or peripheral parts retina of the eye. This leads to poor vision. The pathology is more common in people over 50 years of age and in pregnant women, the prevalence is 15 cases per 1 thousand people.
Treatment of retinal dystrophy
The goal of treatment for this disease is to slow the development of retinal dystrophy.
Thus, it is possible to stop the progression of macular degeneration. The disease is rare in children. Treatment, regardless of age, occurs according to following diagrams:
| Form of age-related retinal dystrophy | Peculiarities | Methods conservative treatment | Methods of surgical treatment |
| Dry (non-exudative) |
|
|
|
| Wet (exudative) |
|
| Revascularization and vasoreconstructive operations. |
Drugs for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration
Treatment for age-related retinal dystrophy is carried out in a comprehensive manner. Doctors prescribe medications in the form of tablets, injections, eye drops. Some medications are injected directly into the vitreous. Main groups of drugs used:
| Group of drugs | Mechanism of action | Examples of drugs | Price, rubles |
| Vasodilators and angioprotectors | Dilate and strengthen blood vessels. | 440 for 25 pcs. |
|
| Papaverine | 18 for 10 pcs. |
||
| Askorutin | 34 for 50 pcs. |
||
| Polypeptides | Normalize the functioning of the retina, restore vascular permeability. | Retinalamine | 4500 for 10 pcs. |
| Eye drops with vitamins and biological substances | Promote reparation and improve metabolism. | 107 for 10 ml |
|
| Emoxipin | |||
| Improving microcirculation | Improves blood supply to the retina. | Pentoxifylline | 40 for 10 ampoules |
| 160 for 5 ampoules |
|||
| Antiplatelet agents | Reduce thrombus formation in blood vessels. | Clopidogrel | 440 for 28 pcs. |
| 15 for 20 pcs. |
|||
| Anticholesterol | Reduces cholesterol levels. | Methionine | 120 for 60 pcs. |
| Simvastatin | 50 for 30 pcs. |
||
| Atorvastatin | 59 for 30 pcs. |
||
| Hemostatic | Resolves hemorrhages in the eye. | Aminocaproic acid | 43 per 100 ml |
| Prourokinase | 515 for 5 ampoules |
||
| Etamzilat | 120 for 10 ampoules |
Vitamins
Treatment of macular degeneration of the retina necessarily includes vitamins. They are necessary for normal functioning organs of vision, improving the nutrition of their tissues and slowing down the progression of dystrophic changes. Vitamins A, E, B are useful for this disease. To saturate the body with them, you can use the following drugs:
- Lutein Complex;
- Vitrum Vision;
- Complivit Oftalmo;
- Lutein-Intensive Evalar.
Injections in the eyes
To prevent the development of new blood vessels in the organ, special drugs are injected directly into the vitreous body. The procedure is performed by an ophthalmologist. It only takes a few minutes and, judging by reviews, does not cause pain. After injections, the pathological vessels begin to disintegrate, and the abnormal fluid resolves.
According to statistics, 30% of patients recover after such therapy. certain part lost vision. The following drugs are used for intraocular injections:
| Name of the drug | Mode of application | Contraindications | Price, rubles |
| Lucentis (Lucentis) | It is administered by injection at a dose of 0.05 ml once a month. During one session, the drug is administered into only one eye. |
| 47500 for 1 bottle 0.23 ml |
| 50 μl of solution is injected into the vitreous body for 3 months. Then 1 injection is given every 8 weeks. |
| 44000 for 0.278 ml |
Physiotherapy
Age-related macular degeneration slows down somewhat after undergoing physical therapy. Are considered effective following procedures:
- Electrophoresis. Carried out with No-shpa, Heparin, Nicotinic acid.
- Photostimulation of the organ. This is the supply of light signals to each eye, which ensure their training.
- Intravenous laser irradiation blood. Involves the effect of light energy on systemic blood flow eyeball.
- Magnetotherapy. Impact magnetic field normalizes chemical composition all biological fluids.
- Electrical stimulation of fiber. Pulse electricity strengthens motor muscles eyes, improves neuromuscular transmission.
Laser treatment
The main advantage of laser therapy is the ability to affect affected areas without affecting healthy eye tissue. One of the disadvantages is the possibility of developing an allergic reaction, which leads to inflammation and swelling of the conjunctiva. Types of laser therapy:
- Laser stimulation of fiber. Due to laser exposure, activation occurs metabolic processes fiber. A course of such stimulation can stop macular degeneration for a long time.
- Laser coagulation. It involves sealing the problem area of the retina. As a result, it is isolated, which slows down the progression of the disease. Price – 5-30 thousand rubles.
Surgery
Indication for surgical treatment– ineffectiveness of conservative and laser therapy. All operations performed for age-related tissue dystrophy are divided into 2 types:
Treatment of retinal dystrophy with folk remedies
Age-related retinal dystrophy is serious disease, therefore, folk remedies can only be used as an additional method of therapy. Non-drug treatment includes following a diet with plenty of vegetables and fruits. From folk remedies The following recipes are considered effective:
- Dissolve 50 g of mumiyo in 10 ml of aloe juice. Store the resulting solution in the refrigerator. Place a couple of drops into your eyes daily, after warming the solution to room temperature. Treatment lasts 9 days.
- Homemade goat milk mix half and half with water. Place 1 drop in each eye for 1 week.
- Mix the husk onions, rose hips and pine needles in a ratio of 2:2:5. Pour a liter of water, boil for 10-15 minutes, let it brew. Drink 1 tbsp daily. 2 times.
Video
Eyes are one of the most important human sense organs, and it is very important to monitor visual acuity in a timely manner. In an advanced state, diseases may develop that lead to complete blindness. Retinal dystrophy is one of the most dangerous and common diseases, which manifests itself as a result of age-related changes in the body in relation to the functioning of the visual organs.
Faced with this diagnosis for the first time, people are looking for an answer to the question, retinal dystrophy, what it is. The disease is characterized by damage to the eye tissues, leading to their complete death. The cause may be either a disturbance in the metabolism of nutrients in the body or a lack of useful substances and vitamins. The advanced stage of the disease leads to complete loss of vision, without the possibility of its restoration. It is very important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and begin its treatment immediately. This diagnosis can be confirmed by contacting a specialist - an ophthalmologist. The risk group for retinal dystrophy includes not only adults, but also children.
Retinal dystrophy is an irreversible degenerative disease.Retinal dystrophy – quite dangerous illness, which manifests itself with age-related changes in the body to the functionality of the eyeballs.
Classification of the disease
According to statistical data obtained as a result of a study of the disease, it was revealed that the disease is “getting younger” every year. Today in the group at risk There are not only elderly people, but also those who have a hereditary predisposition to eye diseases, as well as people who are not healthy image life. One more important factor Ecology plays a role in the development of diseases associated with the sensory organs.
Retinal dystrophy has several typologies.
Central retinal dystrophy
Central dystrophy is a process that originates in the molecular zone of the eyeball, developing due to irreversible aging of the body. The disease is dangerous due to complete, irreversible loss of vision. The treatment process is quite complicated, since the central part of the eye is affected. The diagnosis is divided into dry and wet dystrophy retina.
Peripheral retinal dystrophy
Changes in the eyeball can be caused by trauma to the visual organs, as well as complications from the treatment of other diseases. Often the disease can be preceded by myopia and myopia. different stages. Today, with timely access to specialists, the disease is successfully treated surgically.
Causes
Identifying the disease at an early stage is only the beginning of a long journey to be taken. It is very important to determine the causes of retinal dystrophy and what led to its development. Ophthalmologists identify the following reasons that can play a decisive role:
- complications after surgery;
- poor diet and bad habits;
- imbalance of nutrients in the body;
- dysfunction of the eyeball vascular system;
- diabetes mellitus, infectious and viral diseases.
With dystrophy, retinal tissue is destroyed, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in visual acuity. Symptoms
Symptoms of retinal dystrophy manifest themselves gradually and cause many difficulties in life. The early stage of the disease occurs without visible symptoms, however, the disease can progress rapidly. A person experiences discomfort when blinking, which can be expressed as a burning sensation in the eyeball, a sharp drop in vision, loss of sharpness and various cloudings are observed. However, these symptoms may also indicate other possible problems body. It is very important that the final diagnosis is made after a complete examination and all necessary procedures. Symptoms:
- blurred vision in the evening;
- a veil before the eyes;
- sharp narrowing and distortion of the picture;
- flashes, “floaters” before the eyes;
- distorted perception of shapes, sizes and colors.
Diagnosis of the disease
Dystrophic changes in the retina of the eye require a competent specialist approach and full examination ocular structure. An integrated approach is more appropriate here, during which it will be prepared full meeting anamnesis. The following activities are mandatory during diagnosis:
- perimetry- study peripheral vision in order to determine its boundaries;
- ophthalmoscopy– study of the fundus of the eyeball;
- biomicroscopy– analysis of the structure of the eyeball;
- adaptometry– study of light perception;
- measuring pressure in the visual organs;
- retinal examination;
- Ultrasound of the eyeball;
- visometry– one of the ways to test visual acuity is to work with four types of tables.
This disease is the most common cause deterioration of vision in old age. It is also possible instrumental studies the bottom of the eyeball. These include:
- Fluorescein angiography– one of the methods for studying the vessels of the eyeball, when an organic pigment is injected intravenously.
- Electrophysiological study– necessary to measure the condition of the retina and nerve cells.
Treatment of retinal dystrophy
Treatment of retinal dystrophy is determined during diagnostic study. Most experts give their preference to the following methods:
- laser intervention;
- medical supplies;
- vitreoretinal surgery.
The choice of method by which treatment will be carried out is chosen by the ophthalmologist, based on the information obtained during diagnosis.
Treatment with medications
Treatment based on medication is mainly used in the early stages of the disease. Also, this method is used during the rehabilitation of the patient after surgery. There are a number medicines, which have a positive effect on visual acuity, enhance the immune system and enrich the body with vitamins. These medications can be divided into the following pharmacological groups: angioprotectors, polypeptides, disaggregants, biogenic stimulants, combined vitamins, as well as drugs that increase blood circulation stimulation.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is auxiliary method combating the disease, which will strengthen the eyeball muscle system. Typically, the prescribed procedures are carried out in a specialized center or clinic.
- Electrophoresis– influence on the body through the supply of low-amplitude current.
- Photostimulation- exposure to the retina using bright flashes of light.
- Magnetotherapy– influence on the body using a magnetic field in order to change the biological fluid in the body.
The set of procedures can be supplemented laser radiation, in order to stimulate the retina of the eyeball. This method is extremely effective in trying to stop the development of dystrophy. The essence of the method is that with the help of a laser, the doctor draws a certain boundary between healthy and diseased tissues. While under the influence of the beam, the diseased vessels are “sealed”, and the liquid inside the eyeball stops flowing to them.
Thanks to this procedure, the disease is taken under complete control, and the patient avoids such terrible consequences as retinal degeneration. The laser treatment procedure is quick and simple, but at the same time requires full compliance with the ophthalmologist’s requirements during the rehabilitation period.
Very often, degenerative changes in the retina accompany moderate and high degrees of myopia. Surgical intervention
Surgery is usually required when the disease is diagnosed in the later stages of development and is the only way avoid such unpleasant consequences like destruction of the retina. There are two main types of surgical intervention:
- Revascularization procedure– is a process of blockage of the affected tissues of the eyeball, followed by an increase in the lumen in working vessels.
- Vaso-reconstructive surgery— is carried out using special grafts designed to stabilize the microvascular bed of the eyeball.
Retinal degeneration: causes and treatment
Retinal degeneration is the irreversible destruction of tissue that leads to complete blindness. The disease occurs mainly among elderly people. Degeneration of eye tissue is extremely rarely diagnosed in children and adolescents.
Today, medicine is unable to answer the question of what causes the degenerative process. It has been scientifically proven that this disease may be hereditary, but manifests itself only closer to old age. The phenomenon itself may also be associated with a large number of metabolic substances in the eyeballs.
The answer to the question of how to treat retinal dystrophy is quite complicated, because the problem itself is not always solvable. Stop progression of this disease Unfortunately, this is not possible with the help of therapeutic influence.
For many patients, experts recommend considering options laser therapy, since with such a complex diagnosis this is the only method that can give tangible results. In addition, photodynamic therapy may be an alternative way to combat retinal degeneration.
Retinal dystrophy may be asymptomatic at first The essence this method, consists of influencing only newly formed vessels in which the photoreceptors are not yet damaged. This technique can be combined with other methods of influence.
Preventive standards
For prevention eye diseases There are several recommendations that people at risk should use. It is necessary to periodically perform eye exercises by performing special exercises. You should beware of harmful radiation, and also spend less time in the sun.
If you have a predisposition to dystrophy of the visual organs, you should use vitamin supplements and dietary supplements. Don't forget that your eyes need rest, which means you need to add time to your schedule when you can relax.
Eyes are one of the the most important organs any living creature. The most important component of the eye is the retina. It is this element of the visual system that is responsible for connecting the eye with the brain and transmitting optical images. Thanks to it, the eye perceives light, shadow, colors and outlines.
This concept covers the presence of several diseases in combination; they can appear independently or become a consequence of other ailments. As a rule, retinal pigmentary dystrophy and lattice retinal dystrophy occur more often in old age and do not decline, but, on the contrary, constantly progress.
Macular degeneration of the retina greatly affects vision loss and sometimes leads to blindness. The disease does not show pronounced symptoms for a long time, but over time leads to significant changes in visual system. First of all, the receptors that are responsible for distinguishing colors and determining the amount of light entering the eyes are affected.
In essence, retinal pigmentary dystrophy is a thinning or destruction of the normal structure. Most often, its predecessors are astigmatism and myopia, but the disease can also occur with normal vision. The danger is that thinning can lead to ruptures, and this is fraught with its detachment.
It does not contain pain receptors, so painful processes often occur without symptoms. The first complaints arise when the process has already reached an irreversible stage. Therefore, most often the disease is detected accidentally, when general diagnostics or during the treatment of central chorioretinal dystrophy of the retina and resulting diseases.
Causes
Most often, lattice retinal dystrophy occurs due to vascular damage. Vascular damage can be caused by a number of other complicated, third-party diseases:
- diabetes;
- hypertension;
- cardiac ischemia;
- injuries;
- myopia;
- obesity;
- atherosclerosis.
Of course there is hereditary form this disease. Therefore, if there have been cases of at least one type of this disease in your family, it is necessary to undergo diagnostics and visit an ophthalmologist as often as possible.
It is known that owners are at risk blue eyes and fair skin, and it has also been proven that men are more susceptible than women.
Types of dystrophy
Depending on which area is undergoing transformations or disruptions of normal functioning, three main types of retinal dystrophy can be distinguished:
- generalized;
- central retinal dystrophy;
- peripheral chorioretinal retinal dystrophy.
With generalized retinal dystrophy, all areas of the eye are affected, including central and peripheral ones. Basically, frost-like dystrophy is caused by old age - age-related macular degeneration of the retina, since with age the structure changes, the vessels weaken, and the fluid under the retina forms edema. Central and lateral vision deteriorates.
Central lattice retinal dystrophy is the most common, occurring in 80% of patients. The problem with the grid is that central vision is impaired, making it difficult to see objects directly in front of the eyes, but side vision is not affected in any way, functioning as before.
There are dry and wet forms of pvhrd.
- In the dry form, the ability to clearly see small objects is limited, visibility in the dark is weakened, and it is impossible to see clear contours of the environment around or the faces of other people. This happens due to the fact that metabolic products of the visual system accumulate between the retina and the membrane of the blood vessels.
- In the wet, more severe form, vision begins to sharply decrease; if retinal dystrophy is detected, then the symptoms quickly appear; after just a few days or weeks, a blind spot appears that does not allow you to see clearly. This occurs due to the weakening of the walls of the blood vessels; fluid can leak through them, forming swelling that prevents the receptors from responding to light.
Peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy
With PPD, the modifications do not affect the area of focusing vision, but on the contrary, the eyes cease to clearly perceive what is happening around the main objects, that is, from the side. The disease occurs due to progressive myopia, which has not been treated, or as a consequence of eye injuries. With AMD, the blood supply to the lateral parts of the eye is disrupted, and the supply of oxygen and nutrients deteriorates.
The most difficult thing to detect is precisely peripheral dystrophy retina because long time the disease proceeds without showing symptoms. The exception is rare cases, when patients may notice flashes or black dots that interfere with a normal view of objects, but this does not cause discomfort or pain, so the patient does not immediately seek help, but these symptoms are a signal that the retina has begun to peel off and can rupture at any moment.
Diagnostics
Currently, the most effective method for determining CBRD is coherent optical tomography. This method allows you to examine the layers of skin and membranes without surgery.
To select the optimal treatment method for retinal dystrophy, one must select individual approach The approach to each patient mainly depends on the stage of retinal dystrophy. It is important to know that it is impossible to completely restore visual acuity as before the disease.
Prevention
When cone dystrophy is detected in time and is still in its initial stage, treatment can be carried out with medication, injections are prescribed. Drugs that dilate and strengthen blood vessels, antioxidants, angioprotectors, diuretics, corticosteroids, biogenic stimulants, a means to improve metabolic processes, and a simulator are used.
Treatments are also used in the early stages to help slow the disease. This is photodynamic therapy (the use of photosensitive substances and visible waves of light), injections special drugs, helping to suppress dystrophy.
With any treatment method, even in the early stages, it is important not to forget about taking vitamins. Best effect in case of retinal dystrophy, it contains vitamin preparations Lutein is a special pigment found in plants that has the ability to absorb light and antioxidant properties. Specialized vitamin complexes can protect the organ from excessive radiation, which is harmful during the period of retinal dystrophy.
For the dry form of the disease effective methods There is no medical treatment today. The only way out here is prevention.
How to treat the disease in the wet form: it is treated by injecting drugs into the eyeball; the drugs can reduce swelling and reduce the growth of new blood vessels. The administration of drugs may be limited to 3–8 injections, but the course of treatment lasts up to two years; you can try treatment with folk remedies.
Treatment
For the wet form of retinal dystrophy, it is often necessary to carry out surgery, allowing you to remove accumulated fluid and prevent the appearance of new ones.
Surgeries are also used to improve ocular blood circulation and metabolism. This operation is called vasoreconstruction, which involves ligation of blood vessels.
There are also physiotherapeutic techniques, although they do not provide special influence. But how concomitant therapy Ultrasound, electrophoresis, microwaves and laser are still used.
Today is the most effective way The treatment of all types of degenerative pathologies, as well as retinal pigmentary dystrophy during pregnancy, is laser therapy (strengthening). The main goal of this type of therapy is to prevent detachment and serious complications. Also, the procedure can be used in complex treatment affected eye vessels, with some types of tumors and even with complete loss of vision.
The problem is complicated by late detection, so for patients who have even the slightest predisposition, prevention is very important. To prevent the disease, a healthy lifestyle is necessary, avoiding bad habits, taking essential vitamins. Regular visits to an ophthalmologist are mandatory, at least once a year, and more often after 50 years. It’s a good idea to keep your weight under control, pay attention to other ailments and fight them.
When choosing an ophthalmology clinic, you need to pay attention to the possibility of undergoing a full examination; the clinic must provide all types of services and have modern equipment. Equally important is the level of service, the competence of specialists and the reputation of the institution.
