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Aplasia and agenesis of the kidney - defects intrauterine development, characterized by congenital abnormalities in formation. Only if during agenesis the filtering organ is completely absent, then during aplasia it is present, but the underdevelopment is so pronounced that it is not able to perform its function. Diseases manifest themselves as a decrease in the amount of urine excreted per day, as well as sudden, paroxysmal pain V lumbar region. When the first signs of pathology appear, you must contact medical institution see a specialist and get examined.

Aplasia and agenesis: causes and differences

What promotes development?

Aplasia or agenesis of the fetal kidney is already determined if the pregnant woman is 20 weeks pregnant. The formation of a child is provoked by the following factors that the mother encountered during pregnancy:

smoking;
drug and alcohol use;
contact with heavy metals and toxins;
harmful working conditions;
the effect of radiation on the body;
genetic factor;
transferred infectious diseases during pregnancy;
systematic use of hormonal pharmaceuticals;
diabetes;
venereal diseases.

Pathogenesis and essence of aplasia and agenesis

The formation of renal agenesis provokes a microstroke of the ureteral tissue in the embryonic phase. This becomes an obstacle to further development organ, since other structures are not fully formed along with the ureter. Agenesis is considered a common defect, but if one kidney is abnormal, it is quite possible to live with the other. Bilateral agenesis with aplasia are incompatible with life.

With aplasia, one of the organs stops developing at the bud phase.

Kidney aplasia is characterized by underdevelopment when the organ stops growing in the bud phase. In this case, the structure is not respected and the functions are not performed. When kidney aplasia is one-sided, the work of 2 organs is performed by a healthy one, which is greatly hypertrophied. Usually, together with pathology, a defect of the genitourinary structure is formed: in boys? spermatic canal, in girls? uterine hypoplasia or vaginal underdevelopment.

Types and forms of pathologies

Aplasia is a pathology that is very in rare cases affects both kidneys at the same time. The deviation can concern either the right or left pair. Types of renal agenesis are presented in the table:

Agenesis (aplasia) of the right kidney

Aplasia of the right kidney. The organ consists of fibrous tissue. The examination does not reveal the ureters, renal glomeruli and pelvis. This type of disease is more favorable. The disease is confirmed after a thorough examination.
With agenesis of the right organ, the left one does all the work. If a violation of this nature occurs, kidney failure or pyelonephritis develops. If the left kidney is functioning normally, the deviation may not appear.

Features of the anomaly of the left kidney?

Underdevelopment of the left organ in women is often combined with an abnormal structure of the uterus.

Agenesis of the left kidney. Manifested by the absence of the left organ. Because the right kidney is not as good at filtering as the left, this form of the disease is often more severe. In this case, there is a developmental disorder in other organs of the urinary system. If the right organ copes well with its functions, then symptomatic treatment is sufficient.
The appearance of aplasia of the left organ is rarely diagnosed: more often in men it is accompanied by underdevelopment of the genital organs, and in women by an abnormal structure of the uterus. The main thing when diagnosing a deviation is to ensure normal work healthy organ. Preventive measures include a gentle diet and maintaining normal immunity.

Who is at risk?

Not only children with a family history are at risk, but also babies whose mothers were exposed to factors such as:

working with toxins;
frequent recurrence of viral diseases;
long-term use hormonal contraceptives;
diagnosed endocrine disorders.

What are the symptoms?

Aplasia of the left and right kidneys, as well as agenesis, is manifested by the following symptoms:

Pathology can make itself felt with sharp pain in a full-fledged organ.

small amount of urine excreted per day;
absence (underdevelopment) of the ureter and adrenal gland;
attack of sharp pain in one kidney;
blood in urine;
pressure surges;
nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
underdevelopment of the genital organs.

In some children, external signs of an anomaly are visualized:

non-standard face (puffiness, widened flat nose);
excessive number of skin folds on the body;
big belly;
low position of the ears;
deformed legs;
displacement of some organs.

Features of diagnostics

If the patient suspects the absence of a kidney or its underdevelopment, it is necessary to consult a specialist and undergo an examination. The doctor will ask about the appearance of the first symptoms and examine the patient. The doctor will then conduct differential diagnosis with other urinary pathologies excretory system. The diagnosis of such a disease is made by changes in urine and blood tests, as well as after such instrumental methods examinations:

To confirm the pathology, the patient can undergo a CT examination.

excretory urography;

It is impossible to imagine work without the excretory system human body. One of its components is paired organ, the main task of which is to remove liquid and water-soluble elements. It is also directly involved in metabolism and regulation of acid-base balance. Absolutely in the body healthy person both kidneys are present. 2.5% of newborns have defects. Although rare, abnormal absence of a kidney does occur.

What is renal aplasia (agenesis)?

Causes, symptoms and treatments for such rare diseases will be discussed below. First you need to understand what these terms mean.

In different medical reference books You can find a mixture of the two concepts “aplasia” and “agenesis”. Is there a difference between them? Agenesis is complete absence one or two kidneys at the same time. This pathology is congenital. In place of the missing organ there are not even rudiments renal tissue. Aplasia is a phenomenon in which only a strand of tissue remains in the retroperitoneal cavity. connective tissue. In other words, this is an underdeveloped kidney that is unable to perform its function.

IN clinical practice it does not matter what form of the disease is found in the child. In both cases, a full-fledged organ is absent. Unified disease statistics are also not presented. It is known that they account for about 7-11% of all pathologies genitourinary system.

Historical reference

Kidney agenesis has been known to mankind since ancient times. Even Aristotle mentioned this disease in his works. He argued that if an animal cannot exist without a heart, then without a kidney or spleen it can. During the Renaissance, a scientist from Belgium became interested in this problem. In 1928, the Soviet doctor Sokolov began to identify its prevalence among the population. Since then, scientists have identified several forms of aplasia (agenesis), each of which has its own clinical picture and forecast.

Types of agenesis

There are several classifications of this pathology. The main one distinguishes the disease by the number of organs.

Right-sided renal agenesis (ICD-10 code - Q60.0). This form of the disorder is most often diagnosed in women. Typically, the right kidney is particularly vulnerable from birth. It is located below the left and is considered less mobile. In most cases, all functions are taken over by the paired organ, and the person does not experience much discomfort.
Left-sided renal agenesis. This form of pathology is rare and is quite difficult to tolerate. The right kidney is less functional. She is not adapted to compensatory work.

Separately, it is worth considering bilateral agenesis. This type of disease is characterized by the absence of two organs at the same time. With it, babies rarely survive. After birth, they immediately require a transplant operation. What is the code for bilateral renal agenesis? ICD-10 includes this pathology coded Q60.1.

Forms of aplasia

This renal anomaly is only unilateral. The pathological process can spread exclusively to the right or left organ. In this case, the kidney is usually presented fibrous tissue in rudimentary form, but without pelvis, ducts and glomeruli.

Causes of the disorder

There is no consensus on the causes of renal agenesis in newborns. Doctors speak out different points vision. Some see a connection between pathology and genetic predisposition. Others deny this fact.

Long-term study of the disease and numerous studies have made it possible to identify several factors, the presence of which increases the likelihood of its occurrence. Aplasia or agenesis of the kidneys in the fetus is possible in the following cases:

Chronic alcoholism, drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
Diabetes mellitus in a expectant mother.
Previous viral/infectious diseases in the first trimester.
Uncontrolled use medicines woman for 9 months.

Kidneys begin to form in the fetus from the 5th week of its life in the womb. This process continues throughout pregnancy. However, the 1st and 2nd trimesters are considered the most dangerous. At this time, the likelihood of developing pathology, subject to exposure unfavorable factors, is quite high.

General clinical picture

Aplasia or agenesis of the kidney may not manifest itself for a very long time. Some mothers do not go for an ultrasound scan during pregnancy, and after the baby is born, they neglect tests. As a result, the person is not even aware of existing problems with health. He learns about the unpleasant diagnosis years later. Typically, during preventive examination at school or when applying for a job. In this case, a healthy kidney takes on up to 75% of the functions of the missing or poorly functioning organ. Therefore, the person does not feel any discomfort.

Sometimes it begins to appear in a child in the first days of life. Among the main symptoms of the pathology, doctors identify:

various facial defects (puffiness, wide and flat nose);
a large number of folds on the body;
voluminous belly;
low location of the ears;
deformities of the lower extremities;
displacement of the position of some internal organs.

When renal agenesis is diagnosed in a child, the disease is usually accompanied by abnormalities in the development of the genital organs. For example, in girls a bicornuate uterus and vaginal atresia are detected. In boys, the vas deferens is absent. In the future, such problems may be complicated by impotence and even infertility.

Diagnostic methods

When diagnosed with renal agenesis, an adult is always given a disability. However, you must first go through comprehensive examination. During the procedure, the doctor collects the patient’s medical history and studies it. hereditary predisposition. To confirm a preliminary diagnosis, it may be necessary additional methods research:

Urography using contrast agent;
Renal angiography;

The absence or underdevelopment of kidneys in the fetus can be determined using ultrasound. Already at the first screening test, which is prescribed at 12-14 weeks, a specialist can confirm the pathology. After this, the woman mandatory appointed additional examination for concomitant developmental defects.

Therapeutic measures

The only form of the disease that is truly life-threatening is bilateral renal agenesis. Quite often, a fetus with this diagnosis dies in the mother’s womb or at the time of birth. Also, the probability of death in the first few days of life is quite high due to renal failure.

Thanks to the development of perinatal medicine, today it is possible to save a child with this pathology. To do this, it is necessary to undergo surgery in the first hours after birth and then regularly undergo hemodialysis. This method of treating the disease is quite realistic and is used in practice in large medical centers. However, you should initially organize a quick differential diagnosis and exclude other defects of the urinary system.

Unilateral renal agenesis has a favorable prognosis. If the patient’s pathology is not complicated by unpleasant symptoms, it is enough for him to undergo a preventive examination once a year and take necessary tests. It is also necessary to protect healthy kidney. Detailed recommendations should be given by the attending physician. As a rule, they include following a diet excluding spicy and salty foods, avoiding bad habits.

Aplasia is not specifically treated. However, without preventive recommendations to strengthen the immune system is indispensable. It is necessary to eat right, avoid infectious and viral diseases. It is also recommended to avoid serious physical activity.

In severe form pathological process hemodialysis and even organ transplantation may be required. In all other cases, therapy is prescribed individually, taking into account the nature of the disease and the general clinical picture.

Prevention methods

Aplasia and agenesis of the kidney have different ICD-10 codes. However, both of these pathologies cause concern for future parents. Is it possible to prevent their occurrence?

If we exclude a genetic predisposition to the disease, then the preventive measures are quite simple. Even at the planning stage, the expectant mother should begin to monitor her health (eat right, give up bad habits, engage in feasible sports). These recommendations should be followed even after successful conception baby.

If the development of pathology cannot be avoided, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate it. With bilateral agenesis, symmetrical fetal developmental delay and oligohydramnios are observed. If an anomaly is detected before the 22nd week of pregnancy, it is recommended to terminate it by medical indications. When a woman refuses it, conservative treatment is used. obstetric tactics. It is worth noting that with unilateral absence of a kidney, a full life is possible. You just need to go through it occasionally preventive examinations and examinations.

Kidney agenesis has been known to mankind since ancient times. Aristotle mentioned this pathology, saying that if an animal cannot exist without a heart, then without a spleen or kidney it can. Then the Belgian scientist Andreas Vesalius became interested in renal dysplasia during the Renaissance. And already in 1928, the Soviet doctor Sokolov began to actively identify the frequency of this disease in humans. Today we highlighted several various types agenesis, each of which has its own symptoms and prognosis for future life.

Kidney agenesis

In various medical sources you can often find a mixture of two terms - agenesis and renal aplasia. Let's be clear: agenesis is the congenital, complete absence of one kidney (or two) in a person. In this case, in place of the missing organ there are no rudiments of renal tissue; there cannot be a ureter or even part of it.

Aplasia is an underdeveloped kidney that is not able to fully perform its function. In this case, part of the ureteral tube may be preserved, even the entire ureter, which simply ends blindly at the top, without connecting to any organ. Therefore, when they talk about agenesis with preservation of the ureter, in fact we're talking about about aplasia.

Unified statistics of this renal pathology does not exist. It is known that all renal anomalies occupy 7-11% of all pathologies of the genitourinary system. Unilateral renal agenesis is registered in one newborn baby out of 1 thousand (some sources report a ratio of 1:700). Bilateral (absence of both organs) – in 1 child out of 4-10 thousand.

Causes

There is still no consensus on the causes of agenesis in newborns. Genetic factor does not play any role here, therefore such an anomaly is called congenital. The embryo's buds begin to form as early as the 5th week and continue throughout pregnancy, so it is impossible to clearly name the cause of the problem.

There are several proven reasons that can provoke underdevelopment of the kidney and the birth of a baby with aplasia or agenesis.

These risk factors include:

Previous infectious (viral) diseases in the mother in the first trimester: rubella, severe flu and etc.
Diagnostic procedures during pregnancy using ionizing radiation.
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in an expectant mother.
Taking hormonal contraceptives while carrying a child (as well as any strong medications without medical supervision).
Chronic alcoholism and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Availability venereal diseases at the patient.

Clinical picture

With agenesis of one kidney, the disease in a child may not manifest itself in any way for several years. If the mother did not undergo an ultrasound during pregnancy, and after birth - various tests, then the patient can find out about his peculiarity years later. For example, during examination at school or medical examination at work.

In this case, the second kidney takes over up to 75% of the functions of the missing organ, and the person simply does not feel any noticeable discomfort. But often external symptoms renal anomalies appear immediately after the birth of the baby.

The following signs may indicate renal agenesis in a newborn:

facial defects (wide and flat nose, ocular hypertelorism, puffiness);
ears located low and strongly curved (usually on the side where there is no kidney);
there is an excessive number of folds on the body;
big belly;
pulmonary hypoplasia (small volume of respiratory organs);
leg deformities;
displacement of the position of internal organs.

Subsequently, children may experience vomiting, polyuria, hypertension, and develop dehydration.

When children are born with agenesis, that is, one ureter is completely absent, this is often accompanied by abnormalities in the development of the genital organs. In girls, these are malformations of the uterus (unicornuate, bicornuate, uterine hypoplasia), vaginal atresia, etc. In boys, the absence of the vas deferens, pathological changes in the seminal vesicles. In the future, this can lead to pain in the groin area, painful ejaculation, impotence and infertility.

Kinds

There are different classifications of kidney agenesis, the first and main ones are based on the number of organs. The following forms are distinguished here:

Bilateral agenesis, that is, the absence of both kidneys. This type of anomaly is incompatible with life. If ultrasound shows bilateral agenesis even at later pregnancy, doctors most often insist on artificial childbirth.

Agenesis of the right kidney is the main type of pathology, and it is registered more often in women. From birth, the right kidney is usually slightly smaller and more mobile than the right; it is located lower than the left, therefore it is considered especially vulnerable. In most cases, the functions of the right organ are successfully taken over by left kidney, and the person does not experience any discomfort.

But if the left kidney is due to individual characteristics incapable of compensatory insufficiency, symptoms of the disease can appear from the first months of life. And in the future there is a risk of developing kidney failure.

Agenesis of the left kidney. This form of renal anomaly is much less common and is more difficult to tolerate. The right kidney is by its nature less mobile, less functional and not adapted to full compensatory function. Symptoms for this type of disease are classic for agenesis and aplasia.

In addition, there are different forms of agenesis:

unilateral with preservation of the ureter;
unilateral with absence of the ureter.

Unilateral agenesis (left- and right-), in which part of the ureter or whole organ, poses virtually no threat to full life. If the second kidney completely performs the functions of a non-existent one, and the person leads healthy image life, the disease will not bother him. Often in such cases, people find out about their peculiarities by chance, during a comprehensive examination.

If the agenesis of one kidney is accompanied by the loss of the ureter, this in most cases is fraught with abnormalities of the genital organs. In boys, these are underdeveloped lungs and vas deferens. For girls - various pathologies development of the uterus and vagina.

Forms of agenesis

Treatment and prognosis

The only type of agenesis that is truly life-threatening is bilateral. A fetus with this diagnosis is either born dead, or dies during childbirth, or in the first day after birth. Due to rapidly developing renal failure.

Now, thanks to the rapid development of perinatal medicine, it is possible to save a child’s life if a transplant is performed in the first hours after birth and then regularly undergoes hemodialysis. But this is realistic only if a quick differential diagnosis of pathology in the fetus is organized in order to distinguish agenesis from other defects of the urinary system.

At unilateral agenesis the prognosis is usually the most favorable. If the patient does not experience any unpleasant symptoms, it is enough for him to do blood and urine tests once a year and take care of the kidney, which already bears a double load. That is, do not overcool, do not drink alcohol, avoid excessively salty foods, etc. For each patient, there may also be individual recommendations from the supervising doctor.

If a person has a severe form of agenesis (for example, left-sided or absent ureter), hemodialysis and even organ transplantation may be necessary.

In rare cases, renal agenesis results in disability. This occurs when stage 2-A chronic renal failure (CRF) develops.

This stage is called polyuric, or compensated. In this case, the only kidney cannot cope with the load, and its work is compensated by the activity of the liver and other organs. The disability group depends on the severity of the patient's condition.

The kidney is a vital organ that regulates the acid-base, water-salt balance and is directly involved in metabolic processes.

Renal agenesis refers to an anatomical defect - complete absence of one or both kidneys, as well as their rudimentary structures. If the buds are represented by underdeveloped rudiments, they speak of aplasia.

The first mention of this pathology belongs to Aristotle, who noted that in nature there are animals without a spleen and without one kidney. Subsequently, the phenomenon of agenesis was studied by a doctor and an anatomist, the founder scientific anatomy Andreas Vesalius. Renal agenesis occurs not only in humans, but also in animals that normally have two kidneys.

It is believed that renal agenesis is three times more common in boys, with the incidence of this pathology ranging from 1 to 3 per 10,000 newborns. If we talk about the absence of one organ, then most often it is the left kidney. Renal agenesis is often combined with other birth defects development of the body.

Causes of renal agenesis:

Exact reasons The causes of renal agenesis are not known, but there are a number of factors that increase the risk of this pathology:

Heredity. It has been established that a predisposition to agenesis is passed on from generation to generation. There is controversy regarding this point in the scientific world, and many scientists deny hereditary factor with agenesis, focusing on the congenital nature of the pathology.

Infections that I have had expectant mother during pregnancy. Flu and rubella are especially dangerous in the first three months of expecting a baby.

Ionizing radiation that occurred during pregnancy.

Hormonal drugs that were used without medical supervision.

Concomitant diseases of the expectant mother are diabetes mellitus and other endocrinopathies.

Impact harmful factors– alcohol, tobacco and drugs – during pregnancy.

Syphilis and other venous diseases in the mother.

If the expectant mother has at least one of these risk factors, she comes under the close attention of doctors. To establish fetal pathology, it is necessary to undergo regular ultrasound examinations.

Symptoms of kidney agenesis:

External signs There is no such thing as renal agenesis, and additional testing will be required to make this diagnosis.

Considering the frequent compatibility of renal agenesis with other developmental anomalies, more thorough examination expose newborns with the following symptoms:

Underdevelopment of the jaw - micrognathia;
Epicanthus - third eyelid;
Puffy face;
Speakers frontal lobes;
Non-standard ears;
Too much wide bridge of the nose, ocular hypertelarism.

All these signs can be signals of the presence chromosomal disorders, within which renal agenesis is also observed. Thus, frequent companions of renal pathology are underdevelopment of the lungs, deformities of the limbs, and a bulging abdomen.

Bilateral renal agenesis:

This is the most dangerous type of agenesis. Symptoms of bilateral renal agenesis are more pronounced than with unilateral damage. May develop varying degrees renal failure, hypertension. With bilateral agenesis, death is observed in 100% of cases; newborns do not survive.

Agenesis of the right or left kidney:

If one kidney is missing, the prognosis for the child’s life and health will depend on functional state second kidney. Often such an anomaly goes completely unnoticed in early age, and is discovered years later at ultrasound examinations. 15% of patients with unilateral agenesis suffer from so-called vesicoureteral reflux.

A healthy kidney, which takes on a dual function, increases in size. If its compensatory ability is low, then symptoms of renal failure occur - frequent copious discharge urine, dehydration, regurgitation, and then vomiting, hypertension, poisoning of the body with decay products. Complications are especially common in the absence of the left organ, because the right kidney, by its nature, is small in size and less capable of compensation. With left-sided renal agenesis, defects in the development of the reproductive system often occur.

It is noteworthy that with unilateral agenesis, in some cases the ureter is present, and in others, like the kidney, it is absent.

How to detect renal agenesis in the fetus?:

Diagnosis of renal agenesis can be carried out at the most early stages, starting from the prenatal period. The most popular method for determining the condition of the kidneys is ultrasound. The combination of oligohydramnios and the absence of an echo-shadow of the urinary tract makes one suspect kidney reduction in the fetus. Visualization renal arteries color mapping is a guarantee of the presence of a kidney, otherwise a diagnosis of agenesis will be made.

It is more difficult to detect unilateral renal agenesis in the fetus for a number of reasons:

No change in volume amniotic fluid;
Determined by ultrasound bladder;
The adrenal gland may be mistaken for a kidney;

If there is a suspicion that one kidney is missing, the following examinations are carried out after the birth of the baby:

Excretory urography. Kidney agenesis is indicated by the absence of a contrast agent on one side, while the second organ appears increased in size.
Nephroscintigraphy. Absence of accumulation of radioisotopes in the area of the agenesis kidney.
Cystoscopy.
Angiography. Absence of renal vessels on the affected side.
CT scan.

Treatment of renal agenesis:

The absence of one kidney does not require specific treatment, because the second organ is quite capable of performing double functions. Such patients need a diet that will help reduce the load on the only kidney. You should also undergo regular examinations to ensure that your body is in good health. Doctors recommend metabolic therapy in the form of periodic courses.

If it is necessary to take medications for other diseases in patients with renal agenesis, the doctor should select drugs that are eliminated primarily by the liver. If work the only organ will be significantly impaired, the patient will require a kidney transplant from a donor.

Preventive measures for unilateral agenesis:

Compliance drinking regime and diets;
Avoiding hypothermia and intense physical activity;
Prophylaxis against viral and bacterial diseases;
Boosting immunity.

Bilateral renal agenesis cannot be treated, and death occurs shortly after birth.

Is it possible to play sports with one kidney?:

Many parents wonder whether their children can play sports with one kidney? Discussions on this matter remain open. In itself, compensated renal agenesis cannot be a contraindication to sports activities, but this significantly increases the load on the only kidney. Polyuria and hypertension may occur, so physical activity during agenesis should be normalized.

Diet in the absence of a kidney:

Nutrition during agenesis involves avoiding foods that put a strain on the kidney - salty, smoked, spicy and canned foods. Undesirable flour products, alcohol should be excluded. Instead of coffee, such patients should give preference to herbal teas. Dairy and fermented milk products, more buckwheat is introduced into the diet, oatmeal, grain bread.

Prognosis for renal agenesis:

As already mentioned, agenesis of both kidneys inevitably leads to death. Death occurs either in intrauterine period, or within a few hours of the postnatal period.

Unilateral agenesis has a favorable prognosis. The patient has a chance to healthy life, if you monitor your health and undergo regular examinations.

The kidneys are playing important role in the life of any person. They play the role of removing excess fluid, normalizing water-salt and acid-base balance, and also take part in metabolism.

At normal development a person has two kidneys, but he cannot do without congenital abnormalities, the proportion of which is about three percent. This anomaly is called agenesis, accompanied absence of a kidney. It is worth noting that this disease can be confused with another congenital kidney disease- aplasia. This is one of the types of agenesis, characterized by underdevelopment of the kidney, or its absence with the presence of a ureter.

Agenesis is mainly observed in male children. The disease affects the testicle, vas deferens and prostate gland. In girls, the pathological process is accompanied by abnormalities of the genital organs, in particular the vagina and uterus.

One-sided.
Double-sided.

Unilateral anomaly is characterized in addition to the absence of one kidney, also absence of one ureter. As a result, the load occurs on the formed organ.

This form of the disease, in turn, has two varieties, depending on the undeveloped organ:

Agenesis of the right kidney.
Agenesis of the left kidney.

The first pathology is observed much more often, especially among the fair sex. This is explained by right part the organ is smaller, more low mobility unlike the left one. Pathological symptoms may appear almost immediately after the birth of the child.

Marked polyuria(excessive urination), vomiting, dry skin, high pressure. If, as a result, the left kidney works for both, then the pathology may not be detected immediately. It is not dangerous and may not show any symptoms, you just need to carry out periodic examinations with a urologist.

Agenesis of the left kidney is similar to the previously described anomaly. The significant difference is that this pathology is most difficult for the patient to tolerate, since in this case all the work is transferred to right kidney, which by its nature smaller in size and less mobile, which complicates the full performance of its functions.

Agenesis is expressed painful sensations in the groin, sacrum, problems with sexual function appear, infertility is noted. Treatment depends on the ability of the right paired excretory organ to perform its functions. If it functions normally, then no treatment is prescribed; the patient is only periodically examined by a doctor. In the worst case it is assumed transplantation.

Bilateral agenesis is life-threatening because it is observed absolute absence kidney As a result, the child dies before it is born, or within some time after birth. When diagnosing agenesis, timely organ transplantation is important.

Causes

This pathology is preceded by serious causes, one of which is genetics. If a relative has the disease, the risk of developing an anomaly in a person increases.

To others possible reasons development of the pathological process include:

Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system early stages pregnancy. Since during this period the formation occurs the most important organs fetus, infections lead to developmental disorders:

Diabetes.
Syphilis.
Irradiation and chemical poisoning.
Alcohol abuse.
Presence of sexually transmitted diseases.
Uncontrolled use of contraceptives.

The first and second trimester of pregnancy are the most dangerous for the development of renal agenesis in the fetus; it threatens the unborn child with many defects and complications. This is why it is important to do an ultrasound on time.

Symptoms

As mentioned earlier, agenesis may not manifest itself with any symptoms or abnormalities. Often, expectant mothers do not conduct routine examinations during pregnancy, and then do not consider it necessary to have their baby tested. As a result, a person learns about his disease after a long time.

It is also possible that the anomaly may manifest itself in the first hours of a newborn’s life. The main signs of agenesis:

Abnormal facial structure.
Folds on the body.
abnormalities in the position of the ears.
Bloated belly.
Abnormal arrangement of internal organs.

The disease is also characterized by problems in the development of the genitals. And in the future, unpleasant pain, problems with sexual life, and infertility are noted.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing this pathology, the patient is given disability. However, a preliminary examination is carried out by a nephrologist, which includes the following methods:

Ultrasonography.
Urography accompanied by the use of a contrast agent.
CT scan.
Renal antiography.

In addition to the main diagnostic methods, general analysis urine. It is possible to detect pathology in the fetus during the first ultrasound. When an anomaly is confirmed to the expectant mother Additional examinations are prescribed.

Treatment

As mentioned earlier, the bilateral form of agenesis is not treated, since most often the child dies before being born. Due to development modern medicine it is possible to save newborns with this disease. Immediately after birth in urgently held surgery for kidney transplantation.

As for unilateral agenesis, in the absence of complaints, treatment is not prescribed. But at the same time, it is necessary to periodically conduct a routine examination with your attending physician. In addition, you need to understand that when one kidney is functioning, care should be taken Special attention her condition, follow all doctor's instructions.

Despite the absence drug treatment, it is important to comply preventive measures. Must be adhered to proper nutrition, and also avoid infectious and viral diseases. In addition, you will have to give up sports.

A severe form of the disease may lead to the need for kidney transplantation and hemodialysis.

Prevention

The disease suggests the following types preventive measures:

Don't get too cold.
Avoid physical activity.
Monitor your diet and drinking regime.
Raise immune system, avoid viral and infectious diseases, as well as various kinds inflammation.

As for physical activity, the disease itself does not affect the ability to play sports, but the work of the kidney for itself and for the missing organ leads to an increase in the load on it. Therefore, to avoid deaths, Not recommended exercise.

In addition, it is important to monitor your diet and stick to your diet. Spicy, salty, smoked foods, flour and alcohol should be excluded from the diet. It is recommended to give up coffee; instead, it is useful to drink decoctions and infusions of herbs. Eating cereals and whole grain bread has a positive effect. Use fermented milk products in your menu with caution.

Pregnant women should especially carefully monitor their health: give up alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes. If you suspect the development of pathology in the fetus, you should immediately contact a specialist. Double-sided renal agenesis in the fetus, as a rule, it is accompanied by oligohydramnios and slow growth of the embryo. If a pathological process is detected, termination of pregnancy is allowed.